Imaging at a trillion frames per second | Ramesh Raskar

3,211,640 views ใƒป 2012-07-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
0
0
7000
ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
Doc Edgerton inspired us with awe and curiosity
1
16162
5954
ื“ื•ืง ืื“ื’ืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ืขื ื™ืจืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืกืงืจื ื•ืช
00:22
with this photo of a bullet piercing through an apple,
2
22140
5238
ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืข ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื“ืจืš ืชืคื•ื—,
00:27
and exposure just a millionth of a second.
3
27402
3852
ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
00:32
But now, 50 years later, we can go a million times faster
4
32921
6889
ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 50 ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืคื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ,
00:39
and see the world not at a million or a billion,
5
39834
4762
ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ,
ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
00:44
but one trillion frames per second.
6
44620
3053
ืืœื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ื,
00:49
I present to you a new type of photography,
7
49125
3664
00:52
femto-photography,
8
52813
2035
ืคืžื˜ื•-ืฆื™ืœื•ื,
00:54
a new imaging technique so fast
9
54872
4576
ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ื™ืจื”
00:59
that it can create slow motion videos of light in motion.
10
59472
4272
ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”.
01:04
And with that, we can create cameras that can look around corners,
11
64673
4859
ื•ืขื ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื•ืช,
01:09
beyond line of sight,
12
69556
1973
ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื• ื”ืจืื™ื”
01:11
or see inside our body without an x-ray,
13
71553
4856
ืื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื ื• ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื ื™ ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ,
ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช.
01:16
and really challenge what we mean by a camera.
14
76433
3807
01:21
Now if I take a laser pointer and turn it on and off
15
81700
3134
ืื ืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืกืžืŸ ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื•ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื•ืžื›ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ
01:24
in one trillionth of a second --
16
84858
2803
ื‘ืชื•ืš ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” --
01:27
which is several femtoseconds --
17
87685
2787
ืฉื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืžื˜ื•-ืฉื ื™ื•ืช --
01:30
I'll create a packet of photons barely a millimeter wide.
18
90496
3997
ืื ื™ ืื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื
ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ,
01:35
And that packet of photons, that bullet,
19
95620
2409
ื•ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืงืœื™ืข ื”ื–ื”,
01:38
will travel at the speed of light,
20
98053
1926
ื™ื ื•ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ,
01:40
and again, a million times faster than an ordinary bullet.
21
100003
3958
ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืคื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืงืœื™ืข ืจื’ื™ืœ.
01:44
Now, if you take that bullet and take this packet of photons
22
104882
4511
ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืข ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื
01:49
and fire into this bottle,
23
109417
3332
ื•ื ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื”ื–ื”,
01:52
how will those photons shatter into this bottle?
24
112773
3571
ืื™ืš ื™ืชืคื–ืจื• ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง?
01:57
How does light look in slow motion?
25
117124
2588
ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืื™ื˜ื™?
01:59
[Light in Slow Motion ... 10 Billion x Slow]
26
119812
3000
02:21
Now, the whole event --
27
141301
1547
ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข -- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:22
(Applause)
28
142872
6987
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:29
Now remember, the whole event is effectively taking place
29
149883
3501
ืชื–ื›ืจื•, ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข
ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื ื ื•-ืฉื ื™ื”
02:33
in less than a nanosecond --
30
153408
1663
02:35
that's how much time it takes for light to travel.
31
155095
2401
-- ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœืื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข --
02:37
But I'm slowing down in this video by a factor of 10 billion,
32
157520
4647
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืื˜ ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกืจื˜ ืคื™ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
02:42
so you can see the light in motion.
33
162191
2548
ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”.
02:44
(Laughter)
34
164763
1070
02:45
But Coca-Cola did not sponsor this research.
35
165857
2287
ืงื•ืงื” ืงื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกืคื•ื ืกืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:48
(Laughter)
36
168168
2102
02:50
Now, there's a lot going on in this movie,
37
170294
2023
ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
02:52
so let me break this down and show you what's going on.
38
172341
2620
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืคื”.
02:54
So the pulse enters the bottle, our bullet,
39
174985
2934
ื”ืคื•ืœืก ื ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ื”ืงืœื™ืข ืฉืœื ื•,
02:57
with a packet of photons that start traveling through
40
177943
2538
ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจืช
03:00
and that start scattering inside.
41
180505
1813
ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคื–ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
03:02
Some of the light leaks, goes on the table,
42
182342
2207
ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืจื— ื•ืžืชืคื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
03:04
and you start seeing these ripples of waves.
43
184573
2612
ื•ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
03:07
Many of the photons eventually reach the cap
44
187209
3008
ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืžื›ืกื”
03:10
and then they explode in various directions.
45
190241
2890
ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:13
As you can see, there's a bubble of air
46
193155
1888
ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืขืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
03:15
and it's bouncing around inside.
47
195067
1642
ืฉืงื•ืคืฆืช ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
03:16
Meanwhile, the ripples are traveling on the table,
48
196733
2450
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
03:19
and because of the reflections at the top,
49
199207
2000
ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ,
03:21
you see at the back of the bottle, after several frames,
50
201231
3747
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืคืจื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื
ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง.
03:25
the reflections are focused.
51
205002
1699
ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืงืœื™ืข ืจื’ื™ืœ
03:28
Now, if you take an ordinary bullet
52
208470
5389
03:33
and let it go the same distance and slow down the video --
53
213883
3000
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจื—ืง ื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ืื– ื ืื˜ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜
03:36
again, by a factor of 10 billion --
54
216907
2221
ืคื™ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
03:39
do you know how long you'll have to sit here to watch that movie?
55
219152
4393
ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜?
03:43
(Laughter)
56
223569
1588
03:45
A day, a week? Actually, a whole year.
57
225181
3509
ื™ื•ื? ืฉื‘ื•ืข? ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื”.
03:49
It'll be a very boring movie --
58
229569
2257
ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกืจื˜ ืžืฉืขืžื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
03:51
(Laughter)
59
231850
1391
03:53
of a slow, ordinary bullet in motion.
60
233265
3372
ืขืœ ืงืœื™ืข ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉื ืข ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืื˜.
03:57
And what about some still-life photography?
61
237960
3357
ื•ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื“ื•ืžื?
04:08
You can watch the ripples, again, washing over the table,
62
248372
4986
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
04:13
the tomato and the wall in the back.
63
253382
2658
ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”.
04:16
It's like throwing a stone in a pond of water.
64
256064
2790
ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืื‘ืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืœื™ืช ืžื™ื.
04:22
I thought: this is how nature paints a photo,
65
262663
3660
ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื”,
04:26
one femto frame at a time,
66
266347
2563
ืคืžื˜ื• ืคืจื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™,
04:28
but of course our eye sees an integral composite.
67
268934
4257
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืจื•ืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจื’ืจืœื™ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช.
ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช,
04:35
But if you look at this tomato one more time,
68
275183
2134
04:37
you will notice, as the light washes over the tomato,
69
277341
2745
ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื”,
ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื›ืช.
04:40
it continues to glow.
70
280110
1664
04:41
It doesn't become dark. Why is that?
71
281798
2027
ืœืžื” ื–ื”? ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื”,
04:43
Because the tomato is actually ripe,
72
283849
2298
04:46
and the light is bouncing around inside the tomato,
73
286171
2389
ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ืงื•ืคืฅ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื”,
04:48
and it comes out after several trillionths of a second.
74
288584
3420
ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
04:52
So in the future, when this femto-camera is in your camera phone,
75
292974
4339
ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆืœืžืช-ืคืžื˜ื•
ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื•ืœืืจื™,
04:57
you might be able to go to a supermarket
76
297337
1954
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜
04:59
and check if the fruit is ripe without actually touching it.
77
299315
3055
ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ืคืจื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื•.
05:02
(Laughter)
78
302394
1686
ืื ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘MIT ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ื–ื•?
05:04
So how did my team at MIT create this camera?
79
304104
3689
ื›ืฆืœืžื™ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
05:09
Now, as photographers, you know,
80
309166
1944
ืื ืชืฆืœืžื• ืขื ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืงืฆืจื”, ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ,
05:11
if you take a short exposure photo, you get very little light.
81
311134
3961
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืœื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืคื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
05:15
But we're going to go a billion times faster than your shortest exposure,
82
315119
3508
ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
05:18
so you're going to get hardly any light.
83
318651
1929
ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ืจ.
05:20
So what we do is we send that bullet --
84
320604
1913
ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ืข ื”ื–ื”,
05:22
that packet of photons -- millions of times,
85
322541
2496
ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื,
05:25
and record again and again with very clever synchronization,
86
325061
3083
ื•ืžืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื,
05:28
and from the gigabytes of data,
87
328168
1939
ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื’'ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
05:30
we computationally weave together
88
330131
2220
ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื˜ื•ื•ื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•
05:32
to create those femto-videos I showed you.
89
332375
2899
ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™-ืคืžื˜ื• ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืœืžื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
05:36
And we can take all that raw data and treat it in very interesting ways.
90
336456
4150
ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
05:41
So, Superman can fly.
91
341275
1817
ืกื•ืคืจืžืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ.
05:43
Some other heroes can become invisible.
92
343116
2258
ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื,
05:45
But what about a new power for a future superhero:
93
345870
4782
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™:
05:50
To see around corners.
94
350676
1861
ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื•ืช?
05:53
The idea is that we could shine some light on the door,
95
353354
4469
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืช.
05:57
it's going to bounce, go inside the room,
96
357847
2651
ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื“ืœื’, ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื“ืจ,
06:00
some of that is going to reflect back on the door,
97
360522
2406
ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืงืจืŸ ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืช,
06:02
and then back to the camera.
98
362952
1483
ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื”,
06:04
And we could exploit these multiple bounces of light.
99
364459
2997
ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืœืœื•.
06:07
And it's not science fiction. We have actually built it.
100
367947
2667
ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™. ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
06:10
On the left, you see our femto-camera.
101
370638
2066
ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ืคืžื˜ื• ืฉืœื ื•.
06:12
There's a mannequin hidden behind a wall,
102
372728
2355
ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืงื™ืจ,
06:15
and we're going to bounce light off the door.
103
375107
2505
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืœืช.
06:18
So after our paper was published in Nature Communications,
104
378009
3493
ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืคื•ืจืกื
ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ Nature Communication,
06:21
it was highlighted by Nature.com,
105
381526
2142
ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ Nature.com,
06:23
and they created this animation.
106
383692
2476
ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:26
(Music)
107
386192
1284
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
06:27
[A laser pulse is fired]
108
387500
2864
06:30
(Music)
109
390388
2872
ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื’ืจ ืืช ืงืœื™ืขื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื”,
06:33
Ramesh Raskar: We're going to fire those bullets of light,
110
393284
2867
06:36
and they're going to hit this wall,
111
396175
3376
ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
06:39
and because of the packet of the photons,
112
399575
2631
ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื,
06:42
they will scatter in all the directions,
113
402230
2110
ื”ื ื™ืชืคื–ืจื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื,
06:44
and some of them will reach our hidden mannequin,
114
404364
2341
ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
06:46
which in turn will again scatter that light,
115
406729
3382
ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชืคื–ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”,
ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืœืช ืชื’ืจื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ืฉืœ
06:50
and again in turn, the door will reflect some of that scattered light.
116
410135
4571
ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ื–ืจ,
06:55
And a tiny fraction of the photons will actually come back to the camera,
117
415943
3496
ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื–ืขืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื
ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื”, ืืš ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
06:59
but most interestingly,
118
419463
1151
07:00
they will all arrive at a slightly different time slot.
119
420638
3083
ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื™ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
07:04
(Music)
120
424186
4833
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฆืœืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“,
07:09
And because we have a camera that can run so fast --
121
429043
2513
07:11
our femto-camera -- it has some unique abilities.
122
431580
3082
ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ืคืžื˜ื• ืฉืœื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื›ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช.
07:14
It has very good time resolution,
123
434686
2818
ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ,
07:17
and it can look at the world at the speed of light.
124
437528
2895
ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ.
07:21
And this way, we know the distances, of course to the door,
125
441374
3257
ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืจื—ืง, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืœืช,
07:24
but also to the hidden objects,
126
444655
1777
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืœื—ืคืฆื™ื ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื,
07:26
but we don't know which point corresponds to which distance.
127
446456
3157
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช
ืื™ื–ื” ืžืจื—ืง.
07:29
(Music)
128
449637
4045
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
07:33
By shining one laser, we can record one raw photo,
129
453706
3430
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืจื ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ืื—ืช,
07:37
which, if you look on the screen, doesn't really make any sense.
130
457160
3024
ืฉื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
07:40
But then we will take a lot of such pictures,
131
460208
2120
ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื™ื—ื“,
07:42
dozens of such pictures, put them together,
132
462352
2160
07:44
and try to analyze the multiple bounces of light,
133
464536
2458
ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ,
07:47
and from that, can we see the hidden object?
134
467018
3451
ื•ืžื–ื”, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื?
07:50
Can we see it in full 3D?
135
470493
2134
ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ืžืœื?
07:53
So this is our reconstruction.
136
473373
1929
ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช. (ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
07:55
(Music)
137
475326
5130
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:00
(Applause)
138
480480
6976
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
08:08
Now, we have some ways to go
139
488051
1469
08:09
before we take this outside the lab on the road,
140
489544
3135
ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
08:12
but in the future, we could create cars that avoid collisions
141
492703
3729
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช
08:16
with what's around the bend.
142
496456
1481
ืขื ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื™ืงื•ืœ,
08:18
Or we can look for survivors in hazardous conditions
143
498841
4087
ืื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื
08:22
by looking at light reflected through open windows.
144
502952
3224
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืคื–ืจ ื“ืจืš ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื—,
08:26
Or we can build endoscopes that can see deep inside the body around occluders,
145
506864
5871
ืื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื ื“ื•ืกืงื•ืค ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช
ืขืžื•ืง ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืกืžื™ื,
08:32
and also for cardioscopes.
146
512759
1700
ื•ื’ื ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื.
08:34
But of course, because of tissue and blood,
147
514483
2366
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ื“ื,
08:36
this is quite challenging,
148
516873
1255
ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืžืืชื’ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืจื™ืื”
08:38
so this is really a call for scientists
149
518152
1935
ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ื-ืคืžื˜ื•
08:40
to start thinking about femto-photography
150
520111
2307
08:42
as really a new imaging modality
151
522442
1881
ื›ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืชืจืช
08:44
to solve the next generation of health-imaging problems.
152
524347
3520
ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืจืคื•ืื™.
08:48
Now, like Doc Edgerton, a scientist himself,
153
528342
3857
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ื“ื•ืง ืื“ื’ืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ืžื“ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•,
08:52
science became art --
154
532223
2303
ืžื“ืข ื”ืคืš ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ,
08:54
an art of ultra-fast photography.
155
534550
2662
ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’'ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
08:58
And I realized
156
538140
1151
08:59
that all the gigabytes of data that we're collecting every time,
157
539315
3441
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื
09:02
are not just for scientific imaging.
158
542780
2421
ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข
09:05
But we can also do a new form of computational photography,
159
545225
5539
ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘
09:10
with time-lapse and color coding.
160
550788
2532
ืขื ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื,
09:14
And we look at those ripples.
161
554407
1469
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
09:15
Remember:
162
555900
1158
ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
09:17
The time between each of those ripples is only a few trillionths of a second.
163
557082
5473
ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
09:23
But there's also something funny going on here.
164
563862
2207
ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฆื—ื™ืง.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคืงืง,
09:26
When you look at the ripples under the cap,
165
566093
2796
09:28
the ripples are moving away from us.
166
568913
2183
ื”ื’ืœื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
ื”ื’ืœื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื ื•.
09:32
The ripples should be moving towards us.
167
572111
1914
09:34
What's going on here?
168
574049
1372
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ?
09:35
It turns out, because we're recording nearly at the speed of light,
169
575445
6790
ืžืชื‘ืจืจ, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื
ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ,
09:42
we have strange effects,
170
582259
1889
ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื,
09:44
and Einstein would have loved to see this picture.
171
584172
3261
ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
09:47
(Laughter)
172
587457
1039
09:48
The order at which events take place in the world
173
588520
3047
ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
09:51
appears in the camera sometimes in reversed order.
174
591591
3326
ื ืจืื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื•ืš,
09:56
So by applying the corresponding space and time warp,
175
596306
3195
ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ-ื—ืœืœ,
09:59
we can correct for this distortion.
176
599525
2367
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืขื”.
10:03
So whether it's for photography around corners,
177
603866
4349
ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื•ืช,
ืื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช,
10:08
or creating the next generation of health imaging,
178
608239
3996
10:12
or creating new visualizations,
179
612259
2892
ืื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
ืžืื– ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืคืชื—ื ื• ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™
10:15
since our invention,
180
615175
1624
10:16
we have open-sourced all the data and details on our website,
181
616823
5125
ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืกืคื ื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื
10:21
and our hope is that the DIY, the creative and the research communities
182
621972
6953
ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจืช,
10:28
will show us that we should stop obsessing about the megapixels in cameras --
183
628949
5505
ืชืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ืฆืžื“
ืœืขืจืš ื”ืžื’ื”-ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
10:34
(Laughter)
184
634478
1279
10:35
and start focusing on the next dimension in imaging.
185
635781
4388
ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื”ื“ืžื™ื”.
10:40
It's about time.
186
640867
1310
ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:42
Thank you.
187
642597
1152
10:43
(Applause)
188
643773
6870
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7