Imaging at a trillion frames per second | Ramesh Raskar

3,211,640 views ใƒป 2012-07-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:16
Doc Edgerton inspired us with awe and curiosity
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๋‹ฅ ์—์ €ํ†ค ์„ ์ƒ๊ป˜์„œ ์ด์•Œ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ
00:22
with this photo of a bullet piercing through an apple,
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๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด ์ฃผ์…จ์ฃ .
00:27
and exposure just a millionth of a second.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 1๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ธ์ถœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
But now, 50 years later, we can go a million times faster
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50๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:39
and see the world not at a million or a billion,
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๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ๋Š” ์ปค๋…•
10์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ
00:44
but one trillion frames per second.
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์ดˆ๋‹น 1์กฐ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
00:49
I present to you a new type of photography,
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00:52
femto-photography,
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ํŽจํ† (femto) ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. *femto: 1000์กฐ๋ถ„์˜ 1, ์ฆ‰ 1/10^-15
00:54
a new imaging technique so fast
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ผ์„œ
00:59
that it can create slow motion videos of light in motion.
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๋น›์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
And with that, we can create cameras that can look around corners,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ, ์‹œ์„  ๋„ˆ๋จธ์˜
์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋Š”
01:09
beyond line of sight,
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:11
or see inside our body without an x-ray,
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X-์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋„์ „ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:16
and really challenge what we mean by a camera.
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01:21
Now if I take a laser pointer and turn it on and off
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๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ง€์‹œ๋ด‰์„ 1์กฐ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ
01:24
in one trillionth of a second --
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๊นœ๋นก์—ฌ ๋ณด์ฃ ...
01:27
which is several femtoseconds --
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ช‡ ํŽจํ† ์ดˆ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”...
01:30
I'll create a packet of photons barely a millimeter wide.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
๊ด‘์ž ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
And that packet of photons, that bullet,
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ด‘์ž ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ์ด์•Œ์ด์ฃ ,
01:38
will travel at the speed of light,
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
and again, a million times faster than an ordinary bullet.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ด์•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Now, if you take that bullet and take this packet of photons
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์ด์•Œ๊ณผ ์ด ๊ด‘์ž ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
01:49
and fire into this bottle,
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์ด ๋ณ‘์—๋‹ค ์˜์•„๋ณด๋ฉด
01:52
how will those photons shatter into this bottle?
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๊ด‘์ž ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์„œ์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
01:57
How does light look in slow motion?
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๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋น›์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:59
[Light in Slow Motion ... 10 Billion x Slow]
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02:21
Now, the whole event --
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์ด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์€ --
02:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:29
Now remember, the whole event is effectively taking place
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์ด ์ „์ฒด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์€
1 ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ๋„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. *1 ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ดˆ(10์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ)
02:33
in less than a nanosecond --
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02:35
that's how much time it takes for light to travel.
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-- ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋น›์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ  --
02:37
But I'm slowing down in this video by a factor of 10 billion,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ 100์–ต๋ฐฐ ์ฏค ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
so you can see the light in motion.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋น›์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
(Laughter)
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02:45
But Coca-Cola did not sponsor this research.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:48
(Laughter)
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02:50
Now, there's a lot going on in this movie,
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์ž, ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:52
so let me break this down and show you what's going on.
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๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:54
So the pulse enters the bottle, our bullet,
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ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ด์•Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
02:57
with a packet of photons that start traveling through
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๊ด‘์ž ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด ํŽ„์Šค๋Š” ๋ณ‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
03:00
and that start scattering inside.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Some of the light leaks, goes on the table,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํƒ์ž์œ„๋กœ ํฉ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:04
and you start seeing these ripples of waves.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Many of the photons eventually reach the cap
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๊ด‘์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋šœ๊ป‘์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
03:10
and then they explode in various directions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๋“ฏ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
As you can see, there's a bubble of air
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:15
and it's bouncing around inside.
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๊ด‘์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ํŠ€์–ด์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Meanwhile, the ripples are traveling on the table,
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์—, ํŒŒ๋™์€ ํƒ์ž์œ„๋ฅผ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
03:19
and because of the reflections at the top,
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์ด ์œ„์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด
03:21
you see at the back of the bottle, after several frames,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ‘ ๋’ค์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ , ๋ช‡ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด
๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ด›์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
the reflections are focused.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ด์•Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
03:28
Now, if you take an ordinary bullet
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03:33
and let it go the same distance and slow down the video --
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์ผ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:36
again, by a factor of 10 billion --
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100์–ต๋ถ„์˜ 1 ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ,
03:39
do you know how long you'll have to sit here to watch that movie?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
03:43
(Laughter)
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03:45
A day, a week? Actually, a whole year.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ? 1์ฃผ์ผ? ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ผฌ๋ฐ• 1๋…„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
It'll be a very boring movie --
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์ฃ  --(์›ƒ์Œ)--
03:51
(Laughter)
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03:53
of a slow, ordinary bullet in motion.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ด์•Œ์˜ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:57
And what about some still-life photography?
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์ •์ง€ ํ™”๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
04:08
You can watch the ripples, again, washing over the table,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํƒ์ž์œ„์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
04:13
the tomato and the wall in the back.
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๋’ค์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์™€ ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
04:16
It's like throwing a stone in a pond of water.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์—ฐ๋ชป์— ๋Œ์„ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
04:22
I thought: this is how nature paints a photo,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณง ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
one femto frame at a time,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— 1ํŽจํ† ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ์ฐ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
04:28
but of course our eye sees an integral composite.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์•ฝ๋œ ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
04:35
But if you look at this tomato one more time,
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04:37
you will notice, as the light washes over the tomato,
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๋น›์ด ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋น›์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„์‹ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
04:40
it continues to glow.
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04:41
It doesn't become dark. Why is that?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ต์€๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
04:43
Because the tomato is actually ripe,
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04:46
and the light is bouncing around inside the tomato,
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๋น›์€ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ํŠ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:48
and it comes out after several trillionths of a second.
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1์กฐ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ช‡์ดˆ์ฏค ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
So in the future, when this femto-camera is in your camera phone,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ํ›„์—
ํŽจํ† -์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉด
04:57
you might be able to go to a supermarket
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜ํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
04:59
and check if the fruit is ripe without actually touching it.
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๊ณผ์ผ์„ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์ต์€๊ฑด์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, MIT์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌํŒ€์€ ์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:04
So how did my team at MIT create this camera?
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์‚ฌ์ง„๊ฐ€๋ผ๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
05:09
Now, as photographers, you know,
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๋…ธ์ถœ์„ ์งง๊ฒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น›์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
if you take a short exposure photo, you get very little light.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์งง์€ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๋ฐฐ
05:15
But we're going to go a billion times faster than your shortest exposure,
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
05:18
so you're going to get hardly any light.
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๋น›์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
05:20
So what we do is we send that bullet --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•Œ์„ ์“ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
that packet of photons -- millions of times,
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๊ทธ ๊ด‘์ž ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ฒˆ ์˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:25
and record again and again with very clever synchronization,
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๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
and from the gigabytes of data,
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๊ธฐ๊ฐ€๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
05:30
we computationally weave together
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ํŽจํ† -๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ 
05:32
to create those femto-videos I showed you.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์งœ๋งž์ถฐ ๋‚ธ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
05:36
And we can take all that raw data and treat it in very interesting ways.
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์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:41
So, Superman can fly.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•ด์„œ, ์ˆ˜ํผ๋งจ์ด ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
05:43
Some other heroes can become invisible.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๋“ค์€ ํˆฌ๋ช…์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
But what about a new power for a future superhero:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์˜์›…์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”:
05:50
To see around corners.
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๋ฒฝ์„ ๋Œ์•„์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:53
The idea is that we could shine some light on the door,
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๋ฌธ์— ๋น›์„ ์˜์•„๋ณด์ž๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
it's going to bounce, go inside the room,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ๋น›์ด ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
06:00
some of that is going to reflect back on the door,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜์™€
06:02
and then back to the camera.
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ์žกํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
And we could exploit these multiple bounces of light.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žกํžŒ ๋น›์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
And it's not science fiction. We have actually built it.
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๊ณต์ƒ ๊ณผํ•™ ์†Œ์„ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:10
On the left, you see our femto-camera.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ํŽจํ† ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
There's a mannequin hidden behind a wall,
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๋ฒฝ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋งˆ๋„คํ‚น์ด ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:15
and we're going to bounce light off the door.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋น›์„ ์˜์•„ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
So after our paper was published in Nature Communications,
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์ €ํฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ๋„ค์ด์ณ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—
๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
06:21
it was highlighted by Nature.com,
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nature.com ์—๋„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:23
and they created this animation.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:26
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
06:27
[A laser pulse is fired]
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06:30
(Music)
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•„๊นŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋น›์˜ ์ด์„ ์ด์„œ
06:33
Ramesh Raskar: We're going to fire those bullets of light,
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06:36
and they're going to hit this wall,
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์ด ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งžํžˆ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:39
and because of the packet of the photons,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น›์€ ๊ด‘์ž๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:42
they will scatter in all the directions,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:44
and some of them will reach our hidden mannequin,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋งˆ๋„คํ‚น์—๋„ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
06:46
which in turn will again scatter that light,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด
์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ, ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด
06:50
and again in turn, the door will reflect some of that scattered light.
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ํผ์ง„ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
06:55
And a tiny fraction of the photons will actually come back to the camera,
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๊ทนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ์ผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
06:59
but most interestingly,
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07:00
they will all arrive at a slightly different time slot.
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๊ด‘์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:04
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
ํŽจํ† ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:09
And because we have a camera that can run so fast --
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07:11
our femto-camera -- it has some unique abilities.
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์•„์ฃผ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:14
It has very good time resolution,
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:17
and it can look at the world at the speed of light.
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๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:21
And this way, we know the distances, of course to the door,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋ฌธ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:24
but also to the hidden objects,
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์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
but we don't know which point corresponds to which distance.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€๋Š”
์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
07:29
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
07:33
By shining one laser, we can record one raw photo,
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๋ ˆ์ด์ ธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ์ค„๊ธฐ ์ด์„œ, ์›์‹œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
which, if you look on the screen, doesn't really make any sense.
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š”๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”, ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—†์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
07:40
But then we will take a lot of such pictures,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐ์–ด์„œ
์•„๋งˆ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์žฅ์€ ๋ ํ…๋ฐ, ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
dozens of such pictures, put them together,
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07:44
and try to analyze the multiple bounces of light,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋น›์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:47
and from that, can we see the hidden object?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”?
07:50
Can we see it in full 3D?
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์™„์ „ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
So this is our reconstruction.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์Œ์•…)
07:55
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
(์Œ์•…) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:00
(Applause)
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์ž.. ์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:08
Now, we have some ways to go
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08:09
before we take this outside the lab on the road,
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ข€ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ํ›—๋‚ 
08:12
but in the future, we could create cars that avoid collisions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฝ์€ ๊ธธ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
08:16
with what's around the bend.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
Or we can look for survivors in hazardous conditions
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์žฌํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์นœ ๋น›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:22
by looking at light reflected through open windows.
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์ƒ์กด์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:26
Or we can build endoscopes that can see deep inside the body around occluders,
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ํ˜น์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฌผ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„
08:32
and also for cardioscopes.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:34
But of course, because of tissue and blood,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์กฐ์ง์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ
08:36
this is quite challenging,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋„์ „์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง
08:38
so this is really a call for scientists
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํŽจํ† ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
08:40
to start thinking about femto-photography
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08:42
as really a new imaging modality
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์ฒด๋‚ด ์˜์ƒํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์˜์ƒํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
08:44
to solve the next generation of health-imaging problems.
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ข…๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
Now, like Doc Edgerton, a scientist himself,
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๋‹ฅ ์—์ €ํ†ค ๊ต์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์…จ์–ด์š”,
08:52
science became art --
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
08:54
an art of ultra-fast photography.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ ์€ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์–ป๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”
08:58
And I realized
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08:59
that all the gigabytes of data that we're collecting every time,
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์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์›์‹œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š”
09:02
are not just for scientific imaging.
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๊ผญ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง•๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:05
But we can also do a new form of computational photography,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์™€ ์ƒ‰๊น” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
09:10
with time-lapse and color coding.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
And we look at those ripples.
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์ € ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:15
Remember:
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์ด ํŒŒ๋™๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์กฐ ๋ถ„์˜ 1์ดˆ์ฏค
09:17
The time between each of those ripples is only a few trillionths of a second.
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์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
09:23
But there's also something funny going on here.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋šœ๊ป‘ ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
09:26
When you look at the ripples under the cap,
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09:28
the ripples are moving away from us.
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์ด ํŒŒ๋™์€ ์ ์  ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”,
์›๋ž˜๋Š” ์ด ํŒŒ๋™๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ ธ์• ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
09:32
The ripples should be moving towards us.
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09:34
What's going on here?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
09:35
It turns out, because we're recording nearly at the speed of light,
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๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น›์ด ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:42
we have strange effects,
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
and Einstein would have loved to see this picture.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด ๋ดค์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ข‹์•„ํ–‡์„ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
09:47
(Laughter)
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09:48
The order at which events take place in the world
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€
09:51
appears in the camera sometimes in reversed order.
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์—๋Š” ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ๋œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
So by applying the corresponding space and time warp,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์‹œ๊ณต ๋ณด์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:59
we can correct for this distortion.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
So whether it's for photography around corners,
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๋ชจ์„œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„์„œ ์ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋“ 
์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ฒด๋‚ด ์˜์ƒํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•,
10:08
or creating the next generation of health imaging,
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10:12
or creating new visualizations,
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ํ˜น์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„์—, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
10:15
since our invention,
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10:16
we have open-sourced all the data and details on our website,
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ DIY์—์š”,
10:21
and our hope is that the DIY, the creative and the research communities
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์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์ด *DIY: Do iy yourself.
10:28
will show us that we should stop obsessing about the megapixels in cameras --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์† ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํ™”์†Œ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•จ์—๋งŒ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„
์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- (์›ƒ์Œ) --
10:34
(Laughter)
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10:35
and start focusing on the next dimension in imaging.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง• ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
It's about time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ . ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:42
Thank you.
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10:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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