Reviving New York's rivers -- with oysters! | Kate Orff

30,374 views ใƒป 2011-01-31

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:16
I am passionate about the American landscape
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ืื ื™ ืžืœืืช ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
00:19
and how the physical form of the land,
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”,
00:21
from the great Central Valley of California
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ืžื”ืขืžืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
00:23
to the bedrock of Manhattan,
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ืœืกืœืข ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ,
00:25
has really shaped our history and our character.
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ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:28
But one thing is clear.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
00:30
In the last 100 years alone,
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
00:32
our country -- and this is a sprawl map of America --
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ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื• -- ื•ื–ื• ืžืคืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” --
00:35
our country has systematically
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ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช
00:38
flattened and homogenized the landscape
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ืฉื™ื˜ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™
00:40
to the point where we've forgotten
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ืขื“ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืฉื›ื—ื ื•
00:42
our relationship with the plants and animals
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ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช
00:44
that live alongside us
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื“ื ื•
00:46
and the dirt beneath our feet.
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื ื•.
00:48
And so, how I see my work contributing
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ื•ืื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืชื•ืจืžืช
00:50
is sort of trying to literally re-imagine these connections
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
00:53
and physically rebuild them.
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืคื™ืกื™ืช.
00:55
This graph represents what we're dealing with now
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ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
00:58
in the built environment.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื”.
01:00
And it's really a conflux
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชืžื–ื’ื•ืช
01:02
of urban population rising,
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ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืช,
01:04
biodiversity plummeting
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ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืฆื•ื ื—
01:06
and also, of course, sea levels rising
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ื•ื’ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื
01:09
and climate changing.
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ื•ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื”.
01:11
So when I also think about design,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
01:13
I think about
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ
01:15
trying to rework and re-engage
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ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
01:17
the lines on this graph
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ืืช ื”ืงื•ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื”
01:20
in a more productive way.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:22
And you can see from the arrow here
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืฅ ืคื”
01:24
indicating "you are here,"
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ืฉืžืจืื” ืฉืืชื ืคื”,
01:26
I'm trying to sort of blend and meld
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื•ืœืื—ื“
01:28
these two very divergent fields
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ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:30
of urbanism and ecology,
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
01:32
and sort of bring them together in an exciting new way.
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ื•ืœืงืจื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžืกืขื™ืจื”.
01:36
So the era of big infrastructure is over.
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ืื– ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ืœืฃ.
01:40
I mean, these sort of top-down,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
01:42
mono-functional, capital-intensive solutions
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ืžืŸ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื—ื“ ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืฆื•ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
01:44
are really not going to cut it.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืงื•.
01:46
We need new tools and new approaches.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
01:49
Similarly, the idea of architecture
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
01:51
as this sort of object in the field,
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ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื,
01:53
devoid of context,
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ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ืงืฉืจ,
01:55
is really not the --
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื --
01:57
excuse me, it's fairly blatant --
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ืชืกืœื—ื• ืœื™, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื˜ื” --
01:59
is really not the approach
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”
02:02
that we need to take.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜.
02:04
So we need new stories,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
02:06
new heroes and new tools.
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ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
02:09
So now I want to introduce you to my new hero
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื™
02:12
in the global climate change war,
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
02:14
and that is the eastern oyster.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืฆื“ืคื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช.
02:16
So, albeit a very small creature
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ืื–, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“
02:18
and very modest,
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ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืฆื ื•ืข,
02:20
this creature is incredible,
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ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
02:22
because it can agglomerate
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื
02:24
into these mega-reef structures.
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ืœืžื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
02:26
It can grow; you can grow it;
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื•,
02:28
and -- did I mention? -- it's quite tasty.
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ื•ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ืขื™ื.
02:31
So the oyster was the basis
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ืื– ื”ืฆื“ืคื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืกื™ืก
02:33
for a manifesto-like urban design project
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ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™
02:36
that I did about the New York Harbor
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ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื ืžืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
02:38
called "oyster-tecture."
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ืฉื ืงืจื "ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช-ืฆื“ืคื•ืช."
02:40
And the core idea of oyster-tecture is to harness the biological power
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
02:43
of mussels, eelgrass and oysters --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืคื•ืช, ืืฆื•ืช ื•ืฆื“ืคื•ืช --
02:46
species that live in the harbor --
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœ --
02:48
and, at the same time,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
02:50
harness the power of people
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ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
02:52
who live in the community
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”
02:54
towards making change now.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื‘ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
02:57
Here's a map of my city, New York City,
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ื”ื ื” ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื™, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
03:00
showing inundation in red.
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ืขื ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื•ื.
03:02
And what's circled is the site that I'm going to talk about,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืงืฃ ื–ื” ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•,
03:04
the Gowanus Canal and Governors Island.
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ืชืขืœืช ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก ื•ืื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื™ื.
03:07
If you look here at this map,
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ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืคื” ื‘ืžืคื”,
03:09
showing everything in blue
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ืชืจืื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ื—ื•ืœ
03:11
is out in the water,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื,
03:13
and everything in yellow is upland.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
03:15
But you can see, even just intuit, from this map,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ืžืคื”,
03:18
that the harbor has dredged and flattened,
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ืฉื”ื ืžืœ ื ื—ืคืจ ื•ืฉื•ื˜ื—,
03:21
and went from a rich, three-dimensional mosaic to flat muck
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ื•ื”ืคืš ืžืžื•ื–ืื™ืงื” ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉื˜ื•ื—
03:24
in really a matter of years.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื.
03:27
Another set of views of actually the Gowanus Canal itself.
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ืกื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืœืช ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก ืขืฆืžื”.
03:30
Now the Gowanus is particularly smelly -- I will admit it.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก ืžืกืจื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ -- ืื ื™ ืื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
03:33
There are problems of sewage overflow
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืฉืคื›ื™ื ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื
03:35
and contamination,
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ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื,
03:37
but I would also argue that almost every city
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ืื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ
03:40
has this exact condition,
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”ื” ื”ื–ื”,
03:42
and it's a condition that we're all facing.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื•.
03:44
And here's a map of that condition,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
03:46
showing the contaminants in yellow and green,
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ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืจื•ืง,
03:49
exacerbated by this new flow of
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ืžื•ื—ืจืคื™ื ืžื”ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•
03:51
storm-surge and sea-level rise.
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ื’ืื•ืช ืกืขืจื” ื•ืขืœื™ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื.
03:53
So we really had a lot to deal with.
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ืื– ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื•.
03:55
When we started this project,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
03:57
one of the core ideas was to look back in history
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
04:00
and try to understand what was there.
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื
04:02
And you can see from this map,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ื•,
04:04
there's this incredible geographical signature
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•
04:06
of a series of islands
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ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจืช ืื™ื™ื
04:08
that were out in the harbor
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ืžืœ
04:10
and a matrix of salt marshes and beaches
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ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช ืžืœื— ื•ื—ื•ืคื™ื
04:13
that served as natural wave attenuation
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ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื›ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ื’ืœื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื
04:15
for the upland settlement.
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ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
04:17
We also learned at this time
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ืœืžื“ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”
04:19
that you could eat an oyster about the size of a dinner plate
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื’ืฉื”
04:22
in the Gowanus Canal itself.
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ื‘ืชืขืœืช ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก ืขืฆืžื”.
04:25
So our concept is really this back-to-the-future concept,
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ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื“,
04:28
harnessing the intelligence of that land settlement pattern.
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ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
04:31
And the idea has two core stages.
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ื•ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื.
04:33
One is to develop a new artificial ecology,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœืคืชื— ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”,
04:36
a reef out in the harbor,
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ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื ืžืœ,
04:38
that would then protect new settlement patterns
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ืฉืชื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
04:40
inland and the Gowanus.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก.
04:42
Because if you have cleaner water and slower water,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:44
you can imagine a new way of living with that water.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื™ื.
04:47
So the project really addresses these three core issues
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ืื– ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื ื” ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื
04:50
in a new and exciting way, I think.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžืจื’ืฉืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช.
04:53
Here we are, back to our hero, the oyster.
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ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืฆื“ืคื”.
04:56
And again, it's this incredibly exciting animal.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื• ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:59
It accepts algae and detritus in one end,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืฆื•ืช ื•ืฉืคื•ื›ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“,
05:01
and through this beautiful, glamorous
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืกื˜ ืื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื”
05:03
set of stomach organs,
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ื”ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
05:05
out the other end comes cleaner water.
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ื•ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:08
And one oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day.
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ื•ืฆื“ืคื” ืื—ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž200 ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
05:11
Oyster reefs also covered
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ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ื›ื™ืกื• ื’ื
05:13
about a quarter of our harbor
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ื‘ืขืจืš ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ื ืžืœ
05:15
and were capable of filtering water in the harbor in a matter of days.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœืกื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœ ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
05:18
They were key in our culture and our economy.
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ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
05:22
Basically, New York was built
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื ื‘ื ืชื”
05:24
on the backs of oystermen,
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ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืคื•ืช,
05:26
and our streets were literally built over oyster shells.
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ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ื‘ื ื• ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืคื•ืช.
05:29
This image
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
05:31
is an image of an oyster cart,
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ื”ื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื’ืœืช ืฆื“ืคื•ืช,
05:33
which is now as ubiquitous as the hotdog cart is today.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื›ืžื• ืขื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืงื ื™ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:36
So again, we got the short end of the deal there.
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉื.
05:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:40
Finally, oysters can attenuate
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืช
05:42
and agglomerate onto each other
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ื•ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
05:44
and form these amazing natural reef structures.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
05:47
They really become nature's wave attenuators.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
05:50
And they become the bedrock
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœืกืœืข ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก
05:52
of any harbor ecosystem.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืžืœ.
05:54
Many, many species depend on them.
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ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
05:56
So we were inspired by the oyster,
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ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื”ืฆื“ืคื”,
05:58
but I was also inspired by the life cycle of the oyster.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืคื”.
06:01
It can move from a fertilized egg
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืฆื” ืžื•ืคืจืช
06:04
to a spat, which is when they're floating through the water,
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ืœืคืชื™ืช, ืฉื–ื” ื›ืฉื”ื ืฆืคื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื,
06:07
and when they're ready to attach onto another oyster,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืžื“ ืœืฆื“ืคื” ืื—ืจืช,
06:10
to an adult male oyster or female oyster,
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ืœืฆื“ืคื” ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ื–ื›ืจื™ืช ืื• ื ืงื‘ื™ืช
06:12
in a number of weeks.
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ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
06:15
We reinterpreted this life cycle
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ืคื™ืจืฉื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื”
06:17
on the scale of our sight
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ื‘ืกื•ืœื ื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
06:19
and took the Gowanus
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ื•ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก
06:21
as a giant oyster nursery
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ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ืง ืœืฆื“ืคื•ืช
06:23
where oysters would be grown up in the Gowanus,
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ืฉื ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ื™ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก,
06:25
then paraded down in their spat stage
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ื•ืื– ื™ื•ืฆืขื“ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืคืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ
06:27
and seeded out on the Bayridge Reef.
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ื•ื™ื–ืจืขื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืจื™ื“ื’'.
06:30
And so the core idea here
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ
06:32
was to hit the reset button
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ืืชื—ื•ืœ
06:34
and regenerate an ecology over time
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ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
06:36
that was regenerative and cleaning
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžื ืงื”
06:38
and productive.
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ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”.
06:40
How does the reef work? Well, it's very, very simple.
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ืื™ืš ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช? ืื–, ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
06:43
A core concept here
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืคื”
06:45
is that climate change
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื
06:47
isn't something that --
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• --
06:49
the answers won't land down from the Moon.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืชื ื—ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื—.
06:52
And with a $20 billion price tag,
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ื•ืขื ืชื’ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ 20 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
06:54
we should simply start and get to work with what we have now
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
06:56
and what's in front of us.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
06:58
So this image is simply showing --
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ืื– ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืจืื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช,
07:00
it's a field of marine piles
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ื–ื” ืฉื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจืžื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื•ืช
07:02
interconnected with this woven fuzzy rope.
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื•ื’.
07:05
What is fuzzy rope, you ask?
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ืžื” ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื•ื’, ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื?
07:08
It's just that; it's this very inexpensive thing,
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื•ืœ,
07:11
available practically at your hardware store, and it's very cheap.
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ืฉื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื•ืœ.
07:14
So we imagine that we would actually
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ื›ืœ
07:16
potentially even host a bake sale
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ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืœืืจื— ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืžืืคื™ื
07:18
to start our new project.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื•.
07:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:22
So in the studio, rather than drawing,
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ืื– ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ,
07:24
we began to learn how to knit.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœืกืจื•ื’.
07:26
The concept was to really knit this rope together
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœืกืจื•ื’ ืืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
07:29
and develop this new soft infrastructure
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ื•ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื” ื”ื–ื•
07:31
for the oysters to grow on.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
07:33
You can see in the diagram how it grows over time
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
07:36
from an infrastructural space
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ืžืžืจื—ื‘ ืชืฉืชื™ืชื™
07:38
into a new public urban space.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™.
07:41
And that grows over time dynamically
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
07:44
with the threat of climate change.
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ืขื ื”ืื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ืžื™.
07:46
It also creates this incredibly interesting, I think,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืืžืคื™ื‘ื™
07:49
new amphibious public space,
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ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
07:52
where you can imagine working,
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ื‘ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
07:54
you can imagine recreating in a new way.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืฉื—ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”.
07:57
In the end, what we realized we were making
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
07:59
was a new blue-green watery park
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ื”ื™ื” ืคืืจืง ืžื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ
08:02
for the next watery century --
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ืœืžืื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื‘ืื” --
08:04
an amphibious park, if you will.
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ืคืืจืง ืืžืคื™ื‘ื™, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
08:06
So get your Tevas on.
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ืื– ืชื ืขืœื• ืืช ืกื ื“ืœื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื›ื.
08:08
So you can imagine scuba diving here.
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ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืคื”.
08:10
This is an image of high school students,
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ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
08:12
scuba divers that we worked with on our team.
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ืฆื•ืœืœื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืื™ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
08:14
So you can imagine a sort of new manner of living
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื
08:17
with a new relationship with the water,
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ืขื ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื™ื,
08:19
and also a hybridizing of recreational and science programs
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ื•ื’ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืžื“ืข
08:22
in terms of monitoring.
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ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ.
08:24
Another new vocabulary word for the brave new world:
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ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ:
08:27
this is the word "flupsy" --
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ื–ื• ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืคืœืืคืกื™.
08:29
it's short for "floating upwelling system."
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ื–ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืคื”.
08:32
And this glorious, readily available device
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ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”
08:35
is basically a floating raft
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืจืคืกื•ื“ื” ืฆืคื”
08:37
with an oyster nursery below.
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ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœืฆื“ืคื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช.
08:39
So the water is churned through this raft.
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ืื– ื”ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื ื ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืคืกื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:42
You can see the eight chambers on the side
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืฆื“
08:44
host little baby oysters and essentially force-feed them.
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ืฉืžืืจื—ื™ื ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืื›ื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—.
08:47
So rather than having 10 oysters,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 10 ืฆื“ืคื•ืช,
08:50
you have 10,000 oysters.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื 10000 ืฆื“ืคื•ืช.
08:52
And then those spat are then seeded.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืคืชื™ืชื™ื ื ืฉืชืœื™ื.
08:54
Here's the Gowanus future
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก
08:56
with the oyster rafts on the shorelines --
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ืขื ืจืคืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื --
08:58
the flupsification of the Gowanus.
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ื”ืคืœืืคืกื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก.
09:01
New word.
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ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
09:03
And also showing oyster gardening for the community
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ื•ื’ื ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืคื•ืช ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”
09:06
along its edges.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช.
09:08
And finally, how much fun it would be
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ืžื” ื›ื™ืฃ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”
09:10
to watch the flupsy parade
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ืคืœืืคืกื™
09:12
and cheer on the oyster spats
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ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืคืชื™ืชื™ ื”ืฆื“ืคื•ืช
09:14
as they go down to the reef.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช.
09:16
I get asked two questions about this project.
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ืื ื™ ื ืฉืืœืช ืฉืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
09:19
One is: why isn't it happening now?
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื, ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
09:21
And the second one is: when can we eat the oysters?
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืžืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ืคื•ืช?
09:24
And the answer is: not yet, they're working.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื, ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
09:27
But we imagine, with our calculations,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
09:29
that by 2050,
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ืฉื‘2050,
09:31
you might be able to sink your teeth into a Gowanus oyster.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื’ื•ืก ื‘ืฆื“ืคื” ืžื”ื’ื•ืื ื•ืก.
09:34
To conclude, this is just one cross-section
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื–ื” ืจืง ื—ืชืš ืื—ื“
09:36
of one piece of city,
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ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ,
09:38
but my dream is, my hope is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื,
09:40
that when you all go back to your own cities
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ืฉืื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืชื—ื–ืจื• ืœืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
09:42
that we can start to work together and collaborate
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”
09:45
on remaking and reforming
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ื‘ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ
09:47
a new urban landscape
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ื ื•ืฃ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ
09:49
towards a more sustainable, a more livable
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ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื
09:52
and a more delicious future.
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ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:54
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
09:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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