Reviving New York's rivers -- with oysters! | Kate Orff

30,374 views ใƒป 2011-01-31

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: J J LEE ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo Rim Kim
00:16
I am passionate about the American landscape
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜
00:19
and how the physical form of the land,
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์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์•”์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š”
00:21
from the great Central Valley of California
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๋•…์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
00:23
to the bedrock of Manhattan,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:25
has really shaped our history and our character.
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์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
But one thing is clear.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
In the last 100 years alone,
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ผ๋„,
00:32
our country -- and this is a sprawl map of America --
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-- ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ป—์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๋„์‹œ ์™ธ๊ณฝ ์ง€์—ญ ์ง€๋„์ธ๋ฐ์š”. --
00:35
our country has systematically
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”
00:38
flattened and homogenized the landscape
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๋™์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€
00:40
to the point where we've forgotten
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ํ™์„
00:42
our relationship with the plants and animals
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
00:44
that live alongside us
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๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:46
and the dirt beneath our feet.
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๋™์งˆํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
And so, how I see my work contributing
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณตํ—Œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:50
is sort of trying to literally re-imagine these connections
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:53
and physically rebuild them.
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์žฌ๊ฑดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
This graph represents what we're dealing with now
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ๊ฑด์กฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ (์—ญ์ฃผ: ๊ฑด์กฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ - ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š”)
00:58
in the built environment.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
And it's really a conflux
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
01:02
of urban population rising,
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๋„์‹œ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ƒ์Šน,
01:04
biodiversity plummeting
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ฝ,
01:06
and also, of course, sea levels rising
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ
01:09
and climate changing.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
So when I also think about design,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
01:13
I think about
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
01:15
trying to rework and re-engage
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ๋“ค์„
01:17
the lines on this graph
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๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
01:20
in a more productive way.
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๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
And you can see from the arrow here
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ๋Š”
01:24
indicating "you are here,"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
I'm trying to sort of blend and meld
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์ €๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜
01:28
these two very divergent fields
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ
01:30
of urbanism and ecology,
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์„ž๊ณ  ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:32
and sort of bring them together in an exciting new way.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
So the era of big infrastructure is over.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋์ด ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
I mean, these sort of top-down,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์˜ํ•˜๋‹ฌ์‹์˜,
01:42
mono-functional, capital-intensive solutions
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜, ์ž๋ณธ์ง‘์•ฝํ˜• ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์€
01:44
are really not going to cut it.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
We need new tools and new approaches.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Similarly, the idea of architecture
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”,
01:51
as this sort of object in the field,
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๋งฅ๋ฝ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š”,
01:53
devoid of context,
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๊ฑด์ถ• ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
01:55
is really not the --
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-- ์ฃ„์†กํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:57
excuse me, it's fairly blatant --
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ป”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”. --
01:59
is really not the approach
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:02
that we need to take.
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์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
So we need new stories,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ,
02:06
new heroes and new tools.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์›…, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
So now I want to introduce you to my new hero
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
02:12
in the global climate change war,
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ
02:14
and that is the eastern oyster.
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์ €์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์›…์ธ '๋™๋ถ€ ๊ตด'์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
So, albeit a very small creature
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
02:18
and very modest,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:20
this creature is incredible,
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์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
because it can agglomerate
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๊ตด์€ ํ•œ ๋ฐ ๋ญ‰์ณ์„œ
02:24
into these mega-reef structures.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์•”์ดˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:26
It can grow; you can grow it;
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
and -- did I mention? -- it's quite tasty.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฝค ๋ง›์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
So the oyster was the basis
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๊ตด์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์š•ํ•ญ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜,
02:33
for a manifesto-like urban design project
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"๊ตด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด"๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”,
02:36
that I did about the New York Harbor
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์ •์น˜์  ์„ฑ๋ช…๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ
02:38
called "oyster-tecture."
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๋„์‹œ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
And the core idea of oyster-tecture is to harness the biological power
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ฒด์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
02:43
of mussels, eelgrass and oysters --
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ํ™ํ•ฉ, ๊ฑฐ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง, ๊ตด ๋“ฑ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์— ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜
02:46
species that live in the harbor --
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
02:48
and, at the same time,
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์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์—,
02:50
harness the power of people
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์ด์ œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š”
02:52
who live in the community
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
02:54
towards making change now.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Here's a map of my city, New York City,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์นจ์ˆ˜์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”
03:00
showing inundation in red.
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๋‰ด์š•์‹œ์˜ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And what's circled is the site that I'm going to talk about,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›์ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
03:04
the Gowanus Canal and Governors Island.
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๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค ์šดํ•˜์™€ ์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
If you look here at this map,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
03:09
showing everything in blue
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
03:11
is out in the water,
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๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ ,
03:13
and everything in yellow is upland.
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณ ์ง€๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But you can see, even just intuit, from this map,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ง€๋„์—์„œ, ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
03:18
that the harbor has dredged and flattened,
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ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค€์„ค๋˜๊ณ  ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
03:21
and went from a rich, three-dimensional mosaic to flat muck
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๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด 3์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด
03:24
in really a matter of years.
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๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง๊ด€์œผ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Another set of views of actually the Gowanus Canal itself.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค ์šดํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
Now the Gowanus is particularly smelly -- I will admit it.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค ์šดํ•˜๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์•…์ทจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
03:33
There are problems of sewage overflow
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์˜ค๋ฌผ์ด ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋˜์„œ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๊ณ ,
03:35
and contamination,
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์˜ค์—ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
but I would also argue that almost every city
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€
03:40
has this exact condition,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
and it's a condition that we're all facing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
And here's a map of that condition,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ํญํ’ํ•ด์ผ๊ณผ
03:46
showing the contaminants in yellow and green,
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ์•…ํ™”๋œ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
03:49
exacerbated by this new flow of
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋…น์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ
03:51
storm-surge and sea-level rise.
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๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
So we really had a lot to deal with.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
When we started this project,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:57
one of the core ideas was to look back in history
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ,
04:00
and try to understand what was there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
And you can see from this map,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์ง€๋„์—์„œ
04:04
there's this incredible geographical signature
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ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์„ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ
04:06
of a series of islands
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๊ณ ์ง€๋Œ€ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
04:08
that were out in the harbor
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์ž์—ฐ์  ํŒŒ ๊ฐ์‡ (ๆณข ๆธ›่กฐ)๋กœ์„œ์˜
04:10
and a matrix of salt marshes and beaches
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์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ˆ˜์†Œํƒ์ง€์™€ ํ•ด๋ณ€ ๋ง์˜
04:13
that served as natural wave attenuation
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์ด
04:15
for the upland settlement.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์—ญ์ฃผ: ํ•ด์ˆ˜์†Œํƒ์ง€-๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์นจ์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋Œ€. ํ•ด์ˆ˜์— ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ž๋žŒ)
04:17
We also learned at this time
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋•Œ์—,
04:19
that you could eat an oyster about the size of a dinner plate
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๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค ์šดํ•˜์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ตด์„
04:22
in the Gowanus Canal itself.
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๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
So our concept is really this back-to-the-future concept,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ํ† ์–‘ ์ •์ฐฉ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
04:28
harnessing the intelligence of that land settlement pattern.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
And the idea has two core stages.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
One is to develop a new artificial ecology,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฅ™๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค์˜
04:36
a reef out in the harbor,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฐฉ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ• 
04:38
that would then protect new settlement patterns
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ๊ณต ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ์•”์ดˆ๋ฅผ
04:40
inland and the Gowanus.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Because if you have cleaner water and slower water,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:44
you can imagine a new way of living with that water.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
So the project really addresses these three core issues
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
04:50
in a new and exciting way, I think.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Here we are, back to our hero, the oyster.
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์›… ๊ตด๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
04:56
And again, it's this incredibly exciting animal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ๊ตด์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
It accepts algae and detritus in one end,
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๊ตด์€ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
05:01
and through this beautiful, glamorous
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์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ํ™œ๋ ฅ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š”
05:03
set of stomach organs,
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์œ„์žฅ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
05:05
out the other end comes cleaner water.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์ง„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
And one oyster can filter up to 50 gallons of water a day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตด์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 50๊ฐค๋ก ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ •ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Oyster reefs also covered
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๊ตด ์•”์ดˆ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์˜
05:13
about a quarter of our harbor
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1/4์„ ๋ฎ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:15
and were capable of filtering water in the harbor in a matter of days.
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ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ช‡ ์ผ ๋งŒ์— ์ •ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
They were key in our culture and our economy.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Basically, New York was built
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‰ด์š•์€
05:24
on the backs of oystermen,
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๊ตด ๋”ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
05:26
and our streets were literally built over oyster shells.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตด ๊ป๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„์— ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
This image
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
05:31
is an image of an oyster cart,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ•ซ๋„๊ทธ ์†์ˆ˜๋ ˆ๋กœ
05:33
which is now as ubiquitous as the hotdog cart is today.
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ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตด ์†์ˆ˜๋ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
So again, we got the short end of the deal there.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ด์œค์„ ์–ป์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:40
Finally, oysters can attenuate
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ตด์€ ๊ฐ€๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
05:42
and agglomerate onto each other
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ,
05:44
and form these amazing natural reef structures.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž์—ฐ์  ์•”์ดˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
They really become nature's wave attenuators.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํŒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ์‡ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
And they become the bedrock
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜
05:52
of any harbor ecosystem.
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
Many, many species depend on them.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
So we were inspired by the oyster,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
but I was also inspired by the life cycle of the oyster.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ๊ตด์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฃผ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
It can move from a fertilized egg
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์ˆ˜์ •๋ž€์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
06:04
to a spat, which is when they're floating through the water,
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๋‹ค ์ž๋ž€ ์ˆซ์ปท ๋˜๋Š” ์•”์ปท ๊ตด์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:07
and when they're ready to attach onto another oyster,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตด์— ๋ถ™์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
06:10
to an adult male oyster or female oyster,
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตด์˜ ์•Œ๋กœ
06:12
in a number of weeks.
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์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
We reinterpreted this life cycle
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
06:17
on the scale of our sight
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์ด ์ƒ๋ช… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:19
and took the Gowanus
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๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ
06:21
as a giant oyster nursery
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๊ตด์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
06:23
where oysters would be grown up in the Gowanus,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตด ์„œ์‹์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
then paraded down in their spat stage
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ตด์˜ ์•Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
06:27
and seeded out on the Bayridge Reef.
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์”จ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ์ด๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์•”์ดˆ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
And so the core idea here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
06:32
was to hit the reset button
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๋ฆฌ์…‹ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
06:34
and regenerate an ecology over time
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์žฌ์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
06:36
that was regenerative and cleaning
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ
06:38
and productive.
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์žฌ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
How does the reef work? Well, it's very, very simple.
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์•”์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
A core concept here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ๋…์€
06:45
is that climate change
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
06:47
isn't something that --
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ
06:49
the answers won't land down from the Moon.
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๋š ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And with a $20 billion price tag,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  200์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ,
06:54
we should simply start and get to work with what we have now
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
06:56
and what's in front of us.
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๊ทธ์ € ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
So this image is simply showing --
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ '์งœ์ธ ํผ์ง€ ๋กœํ”„'์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ
07:00
it's a field of marine piles
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ํ•ด์–‘ ํ‡ด์ ์žฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ
07:02
interconnected with this woven fuzzy rope.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
What is fuzzy rope, you ask?
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ํผ์ง€ ๋กœํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ์‹ค๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
07:08
It's just that; it's this very inexpensive thing,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
07:11
available practically at your hardware store, and it's very cheap.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฌผ์ ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ธ์ฃ .
07:14
So we imagine that we would actually
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:16
potentially even host a bake sale
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:18
to start our new project.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋นต ํŒ๋งค ์ž์„ ๋ฐ”์žํšŒ๋ผ๋„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:22
So in the studio, rather than drawing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค,
07:24
we began to learn how to knit.
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๋กœํ”„ ์งœ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
The concept was to really knit this rope together
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๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ตด์„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:29
and develop this new soft infrastructure
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๋กœํ”„๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์งœ๊ณ 
07:31
for the oysters to grow on.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
You can see in the diagram how it grows over time
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๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
07:36
from an infrastructural space
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์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณต๊ณต ๋„์‹œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
07:38
into a new public urban space.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
And that grows over time dynamically
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:44
with the threat of climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
It also creates this incredibly interesting, I think,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
07:49
new amphibious public space,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์˜ค๋ฝ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:52
where you can imagine working,
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋ฅ™ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”
07:54
you can imagine recreating in a new way.
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๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
In the end, what we realized we were making
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:59
was a new blue-green watery park
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฒญ๋ก์˜ ๋ฌผ ๊ณต์›์„,
08:02
for the next watery century --
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์ˆ˜๋ฅ™ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์›์„
08:04
an amphibious park, if you will.
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
So get your Tevas on.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•ผ์™ธ์šฉ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์‹ ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:08
So you can imagine scuba diving here.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋น™์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
This is an image of high school students,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
08:12
scuba divers that we worked with on our team.
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ์Šค์ฟ ๋ฒ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
So you can imagine a sort of new manner of living
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
08:17
with a new relationship with the water,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:19
and also a hybridizing of recreational and science programs
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๊ฐ์‹œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„
08:22
in terms of monitoring.
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
Another new vocabulary word for the brave new world:
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
this is the word "flupsy" --
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'ํ”Œ๋Ÿฝ์‹œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
it's short for "floating upwelling system."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ์Šน ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ'์„ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
And this glorious, readily available device
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„, ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š”
08:35
is basically a floating raft
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๊ตด์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š”
08:37
with an oyster nursery below.
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๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
So the water is churned through this raft.
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์ด ๋ถ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์ด ํœ˜์ €์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
You can see the eight chambers on the side
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์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™์˜ ๊ตด์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ 
08:44
host little baby oysters and essentially force-feed them.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
So rather than having 10 oysters,
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10๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตด์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”,
08:50
you have 10,000 oysters.
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10,000๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตด์„ ํ‚ค์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
And then those spat are then seeded.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ตด์˜ ์•Œ๋“ค์€ ์”จ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Here's the Gowanus future
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตด ๋ถ€ํ‘œ๋กœ
08:56
with the oyster rafts on the shorelines --
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๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
the flupsification of the Gowanus.
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๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค์˜ '๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ์Šน ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
New word.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์šฉ์–ด์ฃ .
09:03
And also showing oyster gardening for the community
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:06
along its edges.
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๊ตด์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
And finally, how much fun it would be
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
09:10
to watch the flupsy parade
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'๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ์Šน ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ' ํผ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
09:12
and cheer on the oyster spats
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๊ตด์˜ ์•Œ์„ ์•”์ดˆ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ผ ๋•Œ
09:14
as they go down to the reef.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‘์›ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
I get asked two questions about this project.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
One is: why isn't it happening now?
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”?
09:21
And the second one is: when can we eat the oysters?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ๊ตด์„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:24
And the answer is: not yet, they're working.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์•„์ง์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
But we imagine, with our calculations,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 2050๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ
09:29
that by 2050,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
you might be able to sink your teeth into a Gowanus oyster.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€์›Œ๋„ˆ์Šค์˜ ๊ตด ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
To conclude, this is just one cross-section
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋œ
09:36
of one piece of city,
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๋‹จ๋ฉด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
but my dream is, my hope is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๊ฟˆ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ง์€
09:40
that when you all go back to your own cities
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ,
09:42
that we can start to work together and collaborate
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๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹๊ณ ,
09:45
on remaking and reforming
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง›์ข‹์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
09:47
a new urban landscape
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
09:49
towards a more sustainable, a more livable
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
09:52
and a more delicious future.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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