Timothy Prestero: Design for people, not awards

91,230 views ใƒป 2012-08-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I've got a great idea that's going to change the world.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื”ื•ื ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืืชื›ื.
00:18
It's fantastic, it's going to blow your mind.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
00:20
It's my beautiful baby.
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00:21
Here's the thing: everybody loves a beautiful baby.
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ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:24
I mean, I was a beautiful baby.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ืชื™.
00:26
Here's me and my dad a couple days after I was born.
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00:28
So in the world of product design,
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ืื–, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจ,
ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.
00:30
the beautiful baby's like the concept car.
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00:32
It's the knockout.
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ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืจืช ืคื™ื•ืช.
00:34
You see it and you go, "Oh, my God. I'd buy that in a second!"
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ, "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•!"
00:37
So why is it that this year's new cars
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”
00:40
look pretty much exactly like last year's new cars?
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ื ืจืื•ืช ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”?
00:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:45
What went wrong between the design studio and the factory?
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ืžื” ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ?
ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
00:48
Today, I don't want to talk about beautiful babies,
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00:50
I want to talk about the awkward adolescence of design --
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ --
00:53
those sort of dorky teenage years
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืžื•, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉ-ืขืฉืจื”,
ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
00:58
where you're trying to figure out how the world works.
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ืื ื™ ืืคืชื— ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื ื•ืœื“ื•.
01:01
I'm going to start with an example
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01:03
from some work that we did on newborn health.
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01:05
So here's a problem:
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”:
01:07
four million babies around the world, mostly in developing countries,
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ื›4 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
ืžืชื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ื”,
01:11
die every year before their first birthday,
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01:13
even before their first month of life.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
01:15
It turns out half of those kids,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ืขืจืš 1.8 ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ,
01:17
or about 1.8 million newborns around the world,
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01:19
would make it if you could just keep them warm
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืื ืจืง ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื ื—ื
ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ืชื.
01:22
for the first three days, maybe the first week.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื“ืจ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืžื ื“ื•, ื ืคืืœ.
01:25
So this is a newborn intensive care unit in Kathmandu, Nepal.
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01:28
All of these kids in blankets belong in incubators --
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ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื›ื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื™ื --
01:31
something like this.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”. ื–ื”ื• ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื™ืคื ื™, ืฉื ืชืจื,
01:33
This is a donated Japanese Atom incubator
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01:36
that we found in a NICU in Kathmandu.
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ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืงื˜ืžื ื“ื•.
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
01:39
This is what we want.
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01:40
Probably what happened is a hospital in Japan upgraded their equipment
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื–ื” ืฉืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืคื ื™ ืงื ื” ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ
01:43
and donated their old stuff to Nepal.
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ื•ืชืจื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื ืคืืœ.
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื˜ื›ื ืื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ,
01:47
The problem is, without technicians, without spare parts,
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01:50
donations like this very quickly turn into junk.
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ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ืœื–ื‘ืœ.
01:54
So this seemed like a problem that we could do something about.
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ื–ื• ื ืฉืžืขืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”.
ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ื ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
01:58
Keeping a baby warm for a week -- that's not rocket science.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ืข-ื˜ื™ืœื™ื.
ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื•,
02:02
So we got started.
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02:03
We partnered with a leading medical research institution here in Boston.
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ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
02:07
We conducted months of user research overseas,
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02:10
trying to think like designers, human-centered design --
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:12
"Let's figure out what people want."
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
02:15
We killed thousands of Post-it notes.
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ื–ืจืงื ื• ืืœืคื™ ืคืชืงื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”.
02:17
We made dozens of prototypes to get to this.
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ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื”.
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื•,
02:21
So this is the NeoNurture infant incubator,
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ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื—ื•ื›ืžื”. ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
02:24
and this has a lot of smarts built into it, and we felt great.
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02:28
So the idea here is, unlike the concept car,
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ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืคื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”,
02:30
we want to marry something beautiful
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฉื“ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
02:32
with something that actually works.
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ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“.
02:34
And our idea is that this design
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื”, ืฉื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
02:36
would inspire manufacturers and other people of influence
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ื™ืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื”
02:40
to take this model and run with it.
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ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœืคืชื— ืื•ืชื•.
ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช:
02:43
Here's the bad news:
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02:46
the only baby ever actually put inside the NeoNurture incubator
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ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” - ื›ืฉืฆื™ืœืžื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ "ื˜ื™ื™ื".
02:50
was this kid during a Time magazine photo shoot.
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ืื– ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“.
02:54
So recognition is fantastic.
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02:56
We want design to get out for people to see it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ืคืฅ ื›ืš ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
02:59
It won lots of awards.
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืกื™ื.
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืคืจืก ื ื™ื—ื•ืžื™ื.
03:01
But it felt like a booby prize.
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:04
We wanted to make beautiful things
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03:05
that are going to make the world a better place,
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03:09
and I don't think this kid was even in it long enough to get warm.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ืžื.
03:12
So it turns out that design for inspiration doesn't really ...
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ืื– ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืช ื”ืฉืจืื”,
ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’,
03:18
I guess what I would say is, for us, for what I want to do,
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ืื• ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ืœืื˜ ืžื™ื“ื™, ืื• ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ.
03:22
it's either too slow or it just doesn't work, it's ineffective.
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03:25
So, really, I want to design for outcomes.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
03:28
I don't want to make beautiful stuff; I want to make the world a better place.
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ืœื ืกืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืคื™ื.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืื– ื›ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื™ื ืงื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ,
03:32
So when we were designing NeoNurture,
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ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• --
03:34
we paid a lot of attention to the people who are going to use this thing,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช, ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื,
03:37
for example, poor families, rural doctors,
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ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื›ื ืื™ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื.
03:40
overloaded nurses, even repair technicians.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื›ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื”ื›ืœ, ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:43
We thought we had all our bases covered, we'd done everything right.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
03:46
Well, it turns out there's this whole constellation of people
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ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—:
03:49
who have to be involved in a product for it to be successful:
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ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืคืฆื”, ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื”.
03:52
manufacturing, financing, distribution, regulation.
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ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืคืจื™, ื‘PATH ืืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืœืฉืœื
03:55
Michael Free at PATH says you have to figure out
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03:57
who will "choose, use and pay the dues"
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03:59
for a product like this.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื›ื–ื”.
04:01
And I have to ask the question that VCs always ask:
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• --
04:03
"Sir, what is your business, and who is your customer?"
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ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืืœื•ืช, "ืื“ื•ื ื™, ืžื” ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœืš, ื•ืžื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉืœืš?"
04:06
Who is our customer?
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ืžื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•? ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื.
04:08
Well, here's an example.
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04:09
This is a Bangladeshi hospital director outside his facility.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•.
04:12
It turns out he doesn't buy any of his equipment.
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉืœื•.
04:15
Those decisions are made by the Ministry of Health
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ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
ืื• ืข"ื™ ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื–ืจื™ื,
04:18
or by foreign donors,
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04:19
and it just kind of shows up.
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื’ื™ืข.
04:21
Similarly, here's a multinational medical-device manufacturer.
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ื ื” ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื™.
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื.
04:25
It turns out they've got to fish where the fish are.
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ืื– ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื,
04:28
So it turns out that in emerging markets -- where the fish are --
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ื”ื ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
04:31
are the emerging middle class of these countries --
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04:34
diseases of affluence: heart disease, infertility.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข: ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘ืืกืคืงื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื
04:38
So it turns out that design for outcomes in one aspect
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04:42
really means thinking about design for manufacture and distribution.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื”ืคืฆื”.
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
04:46
OK, that was an important lesson.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™, ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:48
Second, we took that lesson and tried to push it into our next project.
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04:52
So we started by finding a manufacturer,
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื™ืฆืจืŸ.
04:54
an organization called MTTS in Vietnam,
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจื MTTS ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืื˜ื ื,
ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”.
04:57
that manufactures newborn-care technologies for Southeast Asia.
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05:00
Our other partner is East Meets West,
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ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื "ืžื–ืจื— ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืืช ืžืขืจื‘".
05:02
an American foundation that distributes that technology
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ื–ื”ื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืžืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
05:05
to poor hospitals around that region.
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ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.
05:07
So we started with them, saying, "Well, what do you want?
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฉืืœื ื• ืื•ืชื, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื?
05:10
What's a problem you want to solve?"
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ืื™ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ?"
05:12
And they said, "Let's work on newborn jaundice."
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฆื”ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืœื•ื“ื™ื"
05:14
So this is another one of these mind-boggling global problems.
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ื–ื• ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช.
ืฆื”ื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
05:19
Jaundice affects two-thirds of newborns around the world.
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05:22
Of those newborns, one in 10 roughly,
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ืžืชื•ืš ืืœื”, ื‘ืขืจืš ืื—ื“ ืžืขืฉืจ,
05:27
if it's not treated, the jaundice gets so severe
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ืื ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืคืœ, ื”ืฆื”ื‘ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš
05:29
that it leads to either a life-long disability,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
05:32
or the kids could even die.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืืฃ ืœืžื•ืช.
ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืฆื”ื‘ืช,
05:35
There's one way to treat jaundice,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœืคื”.
05:37
and that's what's called an exchange transfusion.
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05:39
So as you can imagine, that's expensive and a little bit dangerous.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ื’ื ื“ื™ื™ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช.
05:43
There is another cure.
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05:45
It's very technological, it's very complex, a little daunting.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ืงืฆืช ืžืื™ื™ืžืช.
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ --
05:51
You've got to shine blue light on the kid.
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05:53
(Laughter)
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ืื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื•ื”ืง ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ.
05:54
Bright blue light on as much of the skin as you can cover.
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ืœืžื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื”?
05:58
How is this a hard problem?
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05:59
I went to MIT. OK, we'll figure that out.
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœMIT,
ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:05
(Laughter)
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ื”ื ื” ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”. ื–ื” ืžืชืงืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื•ืชืจืืคื™ื”
06:07
So here's an example.
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06:08
This is an overhead phototherapy device that's designed for American hospitals,
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ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
06:12
and here's how it's supposed to be used.
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ื•ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•.
06:14
It's over the baby, illuminating a single patient.
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ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืžืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ืžืงืจื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืื—ื“.
ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™,
06:19
Take it out of an American hospital,
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ื ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืชืงืŸ ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืืกื™ื”,
06:21
send it overseas to a crowded facility in Asia,
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ื›ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
06:23
here's how it's actually used.
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06:24
The effectiveness of phototherapy is a function of light intensity.
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ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ืชืจืืคื™ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืื•ืจ.
ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืจืื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื•ืชืจืืคื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
06:28
These dark blue squares show you where it's effective phototherapy.
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ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
06:31
Here's what it looks like under actual use.
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06:33
So those kids on the edges aren't actually receiving effective phototherapy.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื
ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื•ืชืจืืคื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
06:37
But without training, without some kind of light meter,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ืœืœื ืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืื•ืจ,
06:40
how would you know?
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ืื™ืš ืชื“ืข?
06:42
We see other examples of problems like this.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื™ืœื•ื“ื™ื
06:44
Here's a neonatal intensive care unit,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืžื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
06:46
where moms come in to visit their babies.
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06:48
And keep in mind that Mom maybe just had a C-section,
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ื•ืชื–ื›ืจื•, ื”ืืžื ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื‘ืจื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™,
ืื– ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืืกื”.
06:51
so that's already kind of a bummer.
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06:52
Mom's visiting her kid.
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ื”ืืžื ืžื‘ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื”.
ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืขื™ืจื•ื, ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ืชื—ืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
06:54
She sees her baby naked, lying under some blue lights,
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06:57
looking kind of vulnerable.
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ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ื™ ืคื’ื™ืข.
06:59
It's not uncommon for Mom to put a blanket over the baby.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืื ืฉืžื” ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ืชืจืืคื™ื”, ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
07:03
From a phototherapy standpoint, maybe not the best behavior.
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืฉืžืข ื“ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™.
07:07
In fact, that sounds kind of dumb.
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07:09
Except, what we've learned is that there's no such thing as a dumb user --
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•
ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื˜ื™ืคืฉ -- ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืœืžื“ื ื•.
07:14
there are only dumb products.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืจืง ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื.
07:16
We have to think like existentialists:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืืงืกื™ืกื˜ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
07:18
it's not the painting we would have painted,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื,
ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
07:20
it's the painting that we actually painted.
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ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ -- ืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
07:22
It's the use -- designed for actual use.
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07:25
How are people actually going to use this?
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ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ?
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื”, ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœื ื• MTTS,
07:27
So, similarly, when we think about our partner MTTS,
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07:30
they've made some amazing technologies for treating newborn illnesses.
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืœื•ื“ื™ื.
07:34
So here's an overhead warmer and a CPAP.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื—ืžื ืขื™ืœื™ ื• CPAP.
07:36
They're inexpensive, really rugged.
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ืงืจื™ื, ื“ื™ื™ ื’ืกื™ื.
07:39
They've treated 50,000 kids in Vietnam with this technology.
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ื”ื ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ 50,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
07:42
But here's the problem:
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”:
07:43
Every doctor in the world, every hospital administrator,
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ื›ืœ ืจื•ืคื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
ืจืื” ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” -- ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ER.
07:46
has seen TV -- curse those "ER" reruns!
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช.
07:51
Turns out they all know what a medical device is supposed to look like.
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07:55
They want Buck Rogers, they don't want effective.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืง ืจื•ื’'ืจืก, ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ, ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื™,
07:59
It sounds crazy, it sounds dumb,
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08:01
but there are actually hospitals who would rather have no equipment
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื•ื“
ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉื ืจืื” ื–ื•ืœ ื•ื ื—ื•ืช.
08:04
than something that looks cheap and crummy.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
08:06
So again, if we want people to trust a device,
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08:09
it has to look trustworthy.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืืžื™ืŸ.
08:11
So thinking about outcomes,
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ืื– ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”,
08:12
it turns out appearances matter.
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืข.
08:15
We took all that information together.
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ืื– ืืกืคื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
08:17
We tried, this time, to get it right.
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื”ืคืขื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
08:19
And here's what we developed.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื•.
08:21
This is the Firefly phototherapy device,
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ื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ืชืจืืคื™ื” "ืคื™ื™ืจืคืœื™ื™" (ื’ื—ืœื™ืœื™ืช),
08:23
except this time, we didn't stop at the concept car.
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ืจืง ืฉื”ืคืขื ืœื ื ืขืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜.
08:26
From the very beginning, we started by talking to manufacturers.
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ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขื ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื.
ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื
08:30
Our goal is to make a state-of-the-art product
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ืฉื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ MTTS ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ.
08:33
that our partner MTTS can actually manufacture.
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืฉืช,
08:36
Our goal is to study how they work, the resources they have access to,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื”.
08:40
so that they can make this product.
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08:42
So that's the design for manufacture question.
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ื–ื• ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
08:45
When we think about actual use,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ,
ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื™ืฉ ืขืจื™ืกื” ืื—ืช.
08:47
you'll notice that Firefly has a single bassinet.
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08:49
It only fits a single baby,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ืื—ื“.
08:51
and the idea here is it's obvious how you ought to use this device.
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ.
08:55
If you try to put more than one kid in,
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ืื ืชื ืกื” ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื™ื ื•ืง ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•,
ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
08:57
you're stacking them on top of each other.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:59
(Laughter)
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ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
09:01
So the idea here is you want to make it hard to use wrong.
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09:03
In other words, you want to make the right way to use it
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ
ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:06
the easiest way to use it.
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09:08
Another example -- again, silly Mom.
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื”: ืฉื•ื‘, ืืžื ื˜ื™ืคืฉื”.
09:11
Silly Mom thinks her baby looks cold, wants to put a blanket over the baby.
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ืืžื ื˜ื™ืคืฉื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื” ืงืจ, ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืžืขืœ ื•ื’ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง.
09:15
That's why we have lights above and below the baby in Firefly,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื”ืืžื ืฉืžื” ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
09:18
so if Mom does put a blanket over the baby,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ืชืจืืคื™ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืžืœืžื˜ื”.
09:20
it's still receiving effective phototherapy from below.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ:
09:23
Last story here:
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืฉืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™
09:25
I've got a friend in India who told me
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ืฉืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื—ื ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช
09:27
that you haven't really tested a piece of electronic technology
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ืœื”ืคืฆื” ื‘ืืกื™ื”
09:30
for distribution in Asia,
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ืขื“ ืฉืื™ืžื ืช ื’'ื•ืง ืœื˜ืคืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ
09:32
until you've trained a cockroach to climb in and pee
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09:34
on every single little component on the inside.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:37
(Laughter)
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09:38
You think it's funny.
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง.
09:40
I had a laptop in the Peace Corps,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื›ื— ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื,
ื•ืœืžืกืš ื”ื™ื• ืžืœื ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื ืžืชื™ื.
09:42
and the screen had all these dead pixels on it.
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09:44
And one day I looked in -- they were all dead ants
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืžืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืช
ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืชื• --
09:47
that had gotten into my laptop and perished.
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09:49
Those poor ants.
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ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื”ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”!
09:50
(Laughter)
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ืื– ืขื ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• --
09:52
So with Firefly, what we did is -- the problem is electronics get hot,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืžื
ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืคืชื—ื™ ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงืจืจ ืื•ืชื
09:56
and you have to put in vents or fans to keep them cool --
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09:58
in most products.
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.
ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ื›ื ื™ืกื”" ืœื™ื™ื“ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื.
10:00
We decided we can't put a "Do not enter" sign next to the vent.
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10:04
We actually got rid of all that stuff.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืคื˜ืจื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:06
So Firefly's totally sealed.
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•, "ืคื™ื™ืจืคืœื™ื™" ื”ื•ื ืื˜ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื --
10:08
These are the kinds of lessons --
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ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืฉ-ืขืฉืจื”,
10:10
as awkward as it was to be a pretty goofy teenager,
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10:12
much worse to be a frustrated designer.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื™ื•ืืฉ.
10:14
So I was thinking, "What I really want to do is change the world.
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืคืฆื”.
10:18
I have to pay attention to manufacturing and distribution.
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10:20
I have to pay attention to how people are actually going to use a device.
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืื™ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืืžืช ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘. ื‘ืืžืช, ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ.
10:24
I actually have to pay attention. There's no excuse for failure.
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10:27
I have to think like an existentialist.
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืืงืกื™ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜.
10:29
I have to accept that there are no dumb users, only dumb products."
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื˜ืคืฉื™ื,
ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ืคืฉื™ื™ื.
10:33
We have to ask ourselves hard questions.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช.
10:35
Are we designing for the world that we want?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื?
10:38
Are we designing for the world that we have?
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•?
ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื,
10:41
Are we designing for the world that's coming,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืื• ืœื?
10:43
whether we're ready or not?
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10:44
I got into this business designing products.
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ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืขืกืง ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.
ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืื– ืฉืื ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:48
I've since learned that if you really want to make a difference in the world,
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”.
10:51
you have to design outcomes.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข.
10:53
And that's design that matters.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
10:55
Thank you.
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:56
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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