Jeff Speck: The walkable city

367,097 views ใƒป 2013-10-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Avihu Turzion ืžื‘ืงืจ: benyamin zinshtein
00:13
So I'm a city planner, an urban designer,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืขืจื™ื, ืžืขืฆื‘ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™,
00:17
former arts advocate,
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ืกื ื’ื•ืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
00:19
trained in architecture and art history,
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช,
00:23
and I want to talk to you today not about design
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
00:26
but about America
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ืืœื ืขืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”
00:28
and how America can be more economically resilient,
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ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืฉืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
00:33
how America can be healthier,
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ืื™ืš ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:35
and how America can be
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ื•ืื™ืš ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
00:37
more environmentally sustainable.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช.
00:39
And I realize this is a global forum,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืคื•ืจื•ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™,
00:42
but I think I need to talk about America
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”
00:44
because there is a history,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
00:45
in some places, not all,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืœื ื‘ื›ื•ืœื,
00:47
of American ideas being appropriated,
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ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื,
00:49
being emulated, for better or for worse,
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ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืจืข,
00:52
around the world.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:53
And the worst idea we've ever had
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•
00:55
is suburban sprawl.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื.
00:58
It's being emulated in many places as we speak.
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื” ืžืžืฉ.
01:01
By suburban sprawl, I refer to the reorganization
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
01:04
of the landscape and the creation of the landscape
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ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ
01:06
around the requirement of automobile use,
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
01:11
and that the automobile that was once an instrument of freedom
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ื•ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช
01:13
has become a gas-belching,
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื’ื”ืง ื“ืœืง,
01:17
time-wasting and life-threatening
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ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื,
01:20
prosthetic device
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ื•ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ื–ื”
01:21
that many of us need just to,
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
01:23
most Americans, in fact, need,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
01:24
just to live their daily lives.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
01:27
And there's an alternative.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ.
01:28
You know, we say, half the world is living in cities.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื—ื™ ื‘ืขืจื™ื.
01:30
Well, in America, that living in cities,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
01:32
for many of them, they're living in cities still
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื
01:33
where they're dependent on that automobile.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
01:36
And what I work for, and to do,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
01:39
is to make our cities more walkable.
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
01:41
But I can't give design arguments for that
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื”
01:44
that will have as much impact
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”
01:46
as the arguments that I've learned
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
01:47
from the economists, the epidemiologists
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ืžื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื, ืืคื™ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
01:51
and the environmentalists.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
01:53
So these are the three arguments that I'm going
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ืื– ืืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš
01:54
to give you quickly today.
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ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืงืฆืจื”.
01:57
When I was growing up in the '70s,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70,
01:59
the typical American spent one tenth of their income,
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ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœื•,
02:02
American family, on transportation.
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ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช, ืขืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
02:05
Since then, we've doubled the number of roads
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ืžืื– ื”ื›ืคืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื
02:08
in America, and we now spend one fifth
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช
02:11
of our income on transportation.
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ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
02:13
Working families, which are defined as
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ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช
02:15
earning between 20,000 and 50,000 dollars
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 20 ืœ-50 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ
02:17
a year in America
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
02:19
are spending more now on transportation
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ืžื•ืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
02:22
than on housing, slightly more,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:24
because of this phenomenon called "drive till you qualify,"
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืดืกืข ืขื“ ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—,ืด
02:27
finding homes further and further and further
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ื•ืžื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:30
from the city centers and from their jobs,
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ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
02:33
so that they're locked in this, two, three hours,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืขืชื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉ
02:35
four hours a day of commuting.
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ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ื.
02:37
And these are the neighborhoods, for example,
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ื•ืืœื” ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
02:39
in the Central Valley of California
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ื‘ืกื ื˜ืจืœ ื•ื•ืืœื™ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
02:41
that weren't hurt when the housing bubble burst
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ืฉืœื ื ืคื’ืขื• ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื“ืœืดืŸ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื”
02:44
and when the price of gas went up;
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ื•ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ืœืง ืขืœื”;
02:47
they were decimated.
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ื”ืŸ ื ื—ืจื‘ื•.
02:49
And in fact, these are many
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื”
02:50
of the half-vacant communities that you see today.
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ืžื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
02:53
Imagine putting everything you have into your mortgage,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื,
02:56
it goes underwater, and you have to pay
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชืจืกืงืช, ื•ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื
02:58
twice as much for all the driving that you're doing.
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ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
03:02
So we know what it's done to our society
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•,
03:05
and all the extra work we have to do
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
03:07
to support our cars.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:09
What happens when a city decides
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืขื™ืจ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื”
03:10
it's going to set other priorities?
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
03:13
And probably the best example we have here
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ
03:15
in America is Portland, Oregon.
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ืฉื‘ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ.
03:17
Portland made a bunch of decisions in the 1970s
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ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ืขืฉืชื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70
03:20
that began to distinguish it
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ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”
03:22
from almost every other American city.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืื—ืจืช.
03:25
While most other cities were growing
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื“ืœื•
03:27
an undifferentiated spare tire of sprawl,
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ื’ืœื’ืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ื—ืกืจ ืื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ืช,
03:30
they instituted an urban growth boundary.
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ื”ื ืชื™ืงื ื ื• ื—ืกื ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™.
03:33
While most cities were reaming out their roads,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื”ืŸ,
03:35
removing parallel parking and trees
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืฆื™ื
03:37
in order to flow more traffic,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”,
03:39
they instituted a skinny streets program.
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ื”ื ืชืงื ื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื.
03:43
And while most cities were investing in more roads
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื
03:47
and more highways, they actually invested
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื“ื•ืช, ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•
03:50
in bicycling and in walking.
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ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ.
03:52
And they spent 60 million dollars on bike facilities,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• 60 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
03:56
which seems like a lot of money,
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ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ,
03:58
but it was spent over about 30 years,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื”,
04:00
so two million dollars a year -- not that much --
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ื›ืš ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” - ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” -
04:03
and half the price of the one cloverleaf
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ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืงืœื•ื‘ืจืœื™ืฃ
04:05
that they decided to rebuild in that city.
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
04:08
These changes and others like them changed
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•
04:10
the way that Portlanders live,
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ืืช ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:12
and their vehicle-miles traveled per day,
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื”ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื,
04:14
the amount that each person drives,
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ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’,
04:15
actually peaked in 1996,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ื ื‘-1996,
04:18
has been dropping ever since,
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืจื“ืช ืžืื–,
04:20
and they now drive 20 percent less
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื 20 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช
04:22
than the rest of the country.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
04:23
The typical Portland citizen drives
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ื”ืื–ืจื— ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ื ื•ื”ื’
04:26
four miles less, and 11 minutes less per day
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4 ืžื™ื™ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช, ื•-11 ื“ืงื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื
04:30
than they did before.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
04:32
The economist Joe Cortright did the math
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ื’ืณื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
04:34
and he found out that those four miles
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:36
plus those 11 minutes
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื•ืชื 11 ื“ืงื•ืช
04:37
adds up to fully three and a half percent
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ืžืฉืชื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
04:39
of all income earned in the region.
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ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ.
04:42
So if they're not spending that money on driving --
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ืื– ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” -
04:44
and by the way, 85 percent of the money
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, 85 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ
04:45
we spend on driving leaves the local economy --
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืขืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช -
04:48
if they're not spending that money on driving,
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ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”,
04:50
what are they spending it on?
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ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•?
04:51
Well, Portland is reputed to have
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ
04:53
the most roof racks per capita,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉ,
04:56
the most independent bookstores per capita,
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ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืคืฉ,
04:59
the most strip clubs per capita.
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ ื—ืฉืคื ื•ืช ืœื ืคืฉ.
05:02
These are all exaggerations, slight exaggerations
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื’ื–ืžื•ืช, ื”ื’ื–ืžื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช
05:05
of a fundamental truth, which is Portlanders
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ืฉืœ ืืžืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“
05:06
spend a lot more on recreation of all kinds
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ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
05:10
than the rest of America.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉืืจ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
05:12
Actually, Oregonians spend more on alcohol
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ
05:14
than most other states,
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช,
05:15
which may be a good thing or a bad thing,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื›ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืจืข,
05:17
but it makes you glad they're driving less.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžื— ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช.
05:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:21
But actually, they're spending most of it in their homes,
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ืืš ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ื”ื,
05:25
and home investment is about as local
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ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
05:27
an investment as you can get.
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ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:29
But there's a whole other Portland story,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
05:31
which isn't part of this calculus,
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ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
05:32
which is that young, educated people
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
05:35
have been moving to Portland in droves,
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ื ื”ืจื• ืœืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“ ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื”ื,
05:38
so that between the last two censuses,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
05:40
they had a 50-percent increase
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ื”ื ืจืื• ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ 50 ืื—ื•ื–
05:42
in college-educated millennials,
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœืชื ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื,
05:44
which is five times what you saw anywhere else
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ืฉื–ื” ืคื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ
05:46
in the country, or, I should say, of the national average.
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ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืื•, ืฉืžื ืขืœื™ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืืจืฆื™.
05:50
So on the one hand, a city saves money for its residents
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ื›ืš ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”
05:54
by being more walkable and more bikeable,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื,
05:57
but on the other hand, it also is the cool kind of city
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ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช
05:59
that people want to be in these days.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•.
06:02
So the best economic strategy
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:04
you can have as a city
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื™ืจ
06:05
is not the old way of trying to attract corporations
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื
06:09
and trying to have a biotech cluster
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืžืชื—ื ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ืง
06:11
or a medical cluster,
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ืื• ืžืชื—ื ืจืคื•ืื™,
06:13
or an aerospace cluster,
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ืื• ืžืชื—ื ืชืขื•ืคื”-ื—ืœืœ,
06:15
but to become a place where people want to be.
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ืืœื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
06:18
And millennials, certainly, these engines of entrepreneurship,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜, ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื”
06:21
64 percent of whom decide first
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64 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื
06:24
where they want to live,
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช,
06:25
then they move there, then they look for a job,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉื, ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
06:27
they will come to your city.
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ื”ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืœืš.
06:30
The health argument is a scary one,
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ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
06:33
and you've probably heard part of this argument before.
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ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
06:36
Again, back in the '70s, a lot's changed since then,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžืื–,
06:39
back in the '70s, one in 10 Americans was obese.
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70, ืื—ื“ ืžืขืฉืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืŸ.
06:42
Now one out of three Americans is obese,
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืžืŸ,
06:45
and a second third of the population is overweight.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžืฉืงืœ.
06:49
Twenty-five percent of young men
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25 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
06:51
and 40 percent of young women are too heavy
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ื•-40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื™
06:53
to enlist in our own military forces.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื ื•.
06:57
According to the Center for Disease Control,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช,
06:59
fully one third of all children born after 2000
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ื›ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืช 2000
07:03
will get diabetes.
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ื™ื—ืœื• ื‘ืกื›ืจืช.
07:04
We have the first generation of children in America
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
07:06
who are predicted to live shorter lives than their parents.
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ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
07:10
I believe that this American healthcare crisis
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ื–ื”
07:13
that we've all heard about
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื•
07:14
is an urban design crisis,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™,
07:17
and that the design of our cities lies at the cure.
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ื•ืฉื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”.
07:19
Because we've talked a long time about diet,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ืื˜ื”,
07:22
and we know that diet impacts weight,
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ,
07:25
and weight of course impacts health.
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ื•ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
07:27
But we've only started talking about inactivity,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช,
07:30
and how inactivity born of our landscape,
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ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืœื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•,
07:33
inactivity that comes from the fact that we live
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื
07:35
in a place where there is no longer any such thing
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื•
07:37
as a useful walk, is driving our weight up.
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ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขืœื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ.
07:41
And we finally have the studies,
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ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื,
07:42
one in Britain called "Gluttony versus sloth"
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ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืดื’ืจื’ืจื ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขืฆืœื ื•ืชืด
07:45
that tracked weight against diet
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ืฉืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ืื˜ื”
07:48
and tracked weight against inactivity,
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ื•ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช,
07:50
and found a much higher, stronger correlation
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ื•ืžืฆื ืงืฉืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:52
between the latter two.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
07:54
Dr. James Levine at, in this case,
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ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื’ืณื™ื™ืžืก ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”,
07:56
the aptly-named Mayo Clinic
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ืžื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืžื™ื• ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง
07:59
put his test subjects in electronic underwear,
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ืฉื ืืช ื ืกื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช,
08:03
held their diet steady,
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ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
08:05
and then started pumping the calories in.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื–ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื” ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
08:07
Some people gained weight,
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ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื• ืžืฉืงืœ,
08:09
some people didn't gain weight.
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ื—ืœืง ืœื ื”ืขืœื• ืžืฉืงืœ.
08:10
Expecting some metabolic or DNA factor at work,
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ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื’ื•ืจื ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื,
08:13
they were shocked to learn that the only difference
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ืืš ื”ื ื ื“ื”ืžื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
08:15
between the subjects that they could figure out
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข
08:17
was the amount they were moving,
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืขื™ืœื™ื,
08:19
and that in fact those who gained weight
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ื•ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืœื” ืฉื”ืขืœื• ืžืฉืงืœ
08:21
were sitting, on average, two hours more per day
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ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื
08:24
than those who didn't.
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ืžืืœื• ืฉืœื.
08:26
So we have these studies that tie
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืฉืจื™ื
08:28
weight to inactivity, but even more,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืืš ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•,
08:30
we now have studies that tie weight to where you live.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•.
08:32
Do you live in a more walkable city
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
08:34
or do you live in a less walkable city,
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
08:36
or where in your city do you live?
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ืื• ืื™ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ืจื›ื ืืชื ื’ืจื™ื?
08:37
In San Diego, they used Walk Score --
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ื‘ืกืืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื’ื•, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” -
08:40
Walk Score rates every address in America
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ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื“ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
08:42
and soon the world
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ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:44
in terms of how walkable it is --
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” -
08:46
they used Walk Score to designate more walkable neighborhoods
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ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
08:49
and less walkable neighborhoods.
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ื•ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
08:51
Well guess what? If you lived in a more walkable neighborhood,
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ื•ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”? ืื ืืชื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
08:54
you were 35 percent likely to be overweight.
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ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 35 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื‘ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžืฉืงืœ.
08:56
If you lived in a less walkable neighborhood,
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”,
08:58
you were 60 percent likely to be overweight.
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ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื‘ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืžืฉืงืœ.
09:01
So we have study after study now
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื—ืงืจ
09:02
that's tying where you live
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ืฉืงื•ืฉืจ ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•
09:05
to your health, particularly as in America,
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ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
09:07
the biggest health crisis we have is this one
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื
09:09
that's stemming from environmental-induced inactivity.
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ื–ื” ืฉื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
09:14
And I learned a new word last week.
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ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
09:16
They call these neighborhoods "obesageneric."
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ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ืงืจืื•ืช ืดืฉืžื ืจื™ื•ืชืด (ืฉืžื ื•ืช-ื’ื ืจื™ื•ืช).
09:19
I may have that wrong, but you get the idea.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
09:22
Now that's one thing, of course.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
09:24
Briefly mentioning, we have an asthma epidemic
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ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืืกืชืžื”
09:27
in this country.
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ื‘ืืจืฅ.
09:28
You probably haven't thought that much about it.
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ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื ืชืชื ืœื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”.
09:29
Fourteen Americans die each day from asthma,
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ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžืืกืชืžื”,
09:32
three times what it was in the '90s,
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ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90,
09:35
and it's almost all coming from car exhaust.
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ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžืคืœื˜ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
09:38
American pollution does not come
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:40
from factories anymore, it comes from tailpipes,
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ืžื‘ืชื™ ื—ืจื•ืฉืช, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืฆื™ื ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื˜,
09:42
and the amount that people are driving in your city,
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ื•ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
09:44
your urban VMT, is a good prediction
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ืžื“ื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘
09:47
of the asthma problems in your city.
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ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืืกืชืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื.
09:49
And then finally, in terms of driving,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”,
09:52
there's the issue of the single-largest killer
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:55
of healthy adults, and one of the largest killers
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:57
of all people, is car crashes.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช.
09:59
And we take car crashes for granted.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืื™ืœื™ื•.
10:01
We figure it's a natural risk
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™
10:03
of being on the road.
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
10:04
But in fact, here in America, 12 people
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ืืš ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืคื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, 12 ืื ืฉื™ื
10:07
out of every 100,000
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ืžืชื•ืš 100,000
10:09
die every year from car crashes.
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ืžืชื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืชืื•ื ื•ืช.
10:11
We're pretty safe here.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
10:12
Well, guess what? In England, it's seven per 100,000.
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ืื– ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”? ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื–ื” 7 ืžืชื•ืš 100,000.
10:15
It's Japan, it's four per 100,000.
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ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื” 4 ืžืชื•ืš 100,000.
10:17
Do you know where it's three per 100,000?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืคื” ื–ื” 3 ืžืชื•ืš 100,000?
10:19
New York City.
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ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
10:21
San Francisco, the same thing. Portland, the same thing.
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ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ืœื ื“.
10:23
Oh, so cities make us safer
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ืื– ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:26
because we're driving less?
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช?
10:28
Tulsa: 14 per 100,000.
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ื˜ื•ืœืกื”: 14 ืžืชื•ืš 100,000.
10:30
Orlando: 20 per 100,000.
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ืื•ืจืœื ื“ื•: 20 ืžืชื•ืš 100,000.
10:33
It's not whether you're in the city or not,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื• ืœื,
10:35
it's how is your city designed?
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ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœืš ืชื•ื›ื ื ื”?
10:37
Was it designed around cars or around people?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื ืฉื™ื?
10:41
Because if your city is designed around cars,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœืš ืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
10:42
it's really good at smashing them into each other.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืจืกืง ืื•ืชืŸ ืื—ืช ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
10:47
That's part of a much larger health argument.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
10:51
Finally, the environmental argument is fascinating,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจืชืง,
10:53
because the environmentalists turned on a dime
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ
10:55
about 10 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
10:57
The environmental movement in America
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ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
10:58
has historically been an anti-city movement
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ื”ื™ื ืื ื˜ื™-ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”
11:02
from Jefferson on.
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ืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ื’ืณืคืจืกื•ืŸ.
11:03
"Cities are pestilential to the health,
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ืดืขืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ื ื’ืข ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
11:05
to the liberties, to the morals of man.
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ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื“ื.
11:07
If we continue to pile upon ourselves in cities,
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ืื ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืจื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื,
11:09
as they do in Europe, we shall become as corrupt
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ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื ื™ื”ืคืš ืœืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื
11:11
as they are in Europe
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ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
11:13
and take to eating one another as they do there."
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ื•ื ืคื ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื.ืด
11:15
He apparently had a sense of humor.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ.
11:18
And then the American environmental movement
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
11:20
has been a classically Arcadian movement.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืคืจื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืœืืกื™.
11:22
To become more environmental, we move into the country,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื›ืคืจ,
11:24
we commune with nature, we build suburbs.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืื—ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื.
11:27
But, of course, we've seen what that does.
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ืืš, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืจืื™ื ื• ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื.
11:31
The carbon mapping of America,
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ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
11:33
where is the CO2 being emitted,
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื”ืคืœื˜,
11:35
for many years only
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช
11:37
hammered this argument in more strongly.
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ืจืง ื—ื™ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
11:40
If you look at any carbon map, because we map it per square mile,
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืคืช ืคื—ืžืŸ, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื• ืžืžืคื™ื ื“ื—ื™ืกื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืงืžืดืจ,
11:43
any carbon map of the U.S.,
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ื›ืœ ืžืคืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื”ืดื‘
11:44
it looks like a night sky satellite photo of the U.S.,
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ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืชืžื•ื ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”ืดื‘,
11:47
hottest in the cities, cooler in the suburbs,
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ื—ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื•ืงืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื,
11:50
dark, peaceful in the countryside.
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ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ืฉืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืคืจ.
11:53
Until some economists said, you know,
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ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืžืจ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
11:55
is that the right way to measure CO2?
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ื”ืื ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ?
11:58
There are only so many people in this country at any given time,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ,
12:00
and we can choose to live where perhaps
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ืื™ืคื” ืฉืื•ืœื™
12:02
we would have a lighter impact.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
12:03
And they said, let's measure CO2 per household,
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ืื– ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืžื“ื•ื“ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช,
12:06
and when they did that, the maps just flipped,
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื“ื“ื• ื›ืš, ื”ืžืคื” ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื”,
12:09
coolest in the center city, warmer in the suburbs,
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ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื, ื—ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื,
12:12
and red hot in these exurban
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ื•ืœื•ื”ื˜ ื‘ืคืจื•ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื
12:14
"drive till you qualify" neighborhoods.
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ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืดืกืข ืขื“ ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—.ืด
12:17
So a fundamental shift, and now you have
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ืื– ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
12:19
environmentalists and economists like Ed Glaeser
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ืื ืฉื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื“ ื’ืœื–ืจ
12:22
saying we are a destructive species.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืจืกื ื™.
12:24
If you love nature, the best thing you can do
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ืื ืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
12:27
is stay the heck away from it,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื,
12:29
move to a city, and the denser the better,
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ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืขื™ืจ, ื•ื“ื—ื•ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:31
and the denser cities like Manhattan
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ื•ืขืจื™ื ื“ื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ
12:34
are the cities that perform the best.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืคืงื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:36
So the average Manhattanite is consuming gasoline
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ืื– ืชื•ืฉื‘ ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฆื•ืจืš ื“ืœืง
12:40
at the rate the rest of the nation hasn't seen since the '20s,
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ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-20.
12:45
consuming half of the electricity of Dallas.
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ืฆื•ืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ื“ืืœืืก.
12:48
But of course, we can do better.
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ืืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:50
Canadian cities, they consume half the gasoline of American cities.
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ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืงื ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื“ืœืง ืฉื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช.
12:53
European cities consume half as much again.
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ืขืจื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืฆื™ ืžื–ื”.
12:57
So obviously, we can do better,
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
13:00
and we want to do better, and we're all trying to be green.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื.
13:03
My final argument in this topic is that
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ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื
13:05
I think we're trying to be green the wrong way,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
13:09
and I'm one of many people who believes that
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
13:11
this focus on gadgets,
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ืฉื”ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืื“ื’ืณื˜ื™ื
13:14
on accessorizing --
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ืื• ื”ืชืื‘ื–ืจื•ืช -
13:17
What can I add to my house,
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ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
13:19
what can I add to what I've already got
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ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื™
13:21
to make my lifestyle more sustainable? --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื? -
13:24
has kind of dominated the discussion.
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ื“ื™ ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
13:26
So I'm not immune to this.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื–ื”.
13:27
My wife and I built a new house
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ืืฉืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ
13:29
on an abandoned lot in Washington, D.C.,
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ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ,
13:32
and we did our best to clear the shelves
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ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ืคื™ื
13:34
of the sustainability store.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
13:36
We've got the solar photovoltaic system,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื•-ื•ื•ืœื˜ืื™ื,
13:38
solar hot water heater, dual-flush toilets,
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ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืžืฉ, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ืจืžื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”,
13:41
bamboo floors.
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ืจืฆืคืช ื‘ืžื‘ื•.
13:43
A log burning in my German high-tech stove
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ื‘ื•ืœื™ ืขืฅ ื‘ื•ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ ื’ืจืžื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ
13:46
apparently, supposedly, contributes less carbon
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ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ
13:49
to the atmosphere than were it left alone
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ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื“
13:50
to decompose in the forest.
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ืœื”ื™ืจืงื‘ ื‘ื™ืขืจ.
13:53
Yet all of these innovations --
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• -
13:55
That's what they said in the brochure.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืžืจื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืŸ.
13:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:58
All of these innovations together
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“
14:01
contribute a fraction of what we contribute
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ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืชื•ืจืžื™ื
14:04
by living in a walkable neighborhood
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
14:06
three blocks from a metro in the heart of a city.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื˜ืจื• ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
14:09
We've changed all our light bulbs to energy-savers,
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ื”ื—ืœืคื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
14:12
and you should do the same thing,
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ื•ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื’ื,
14:13
but changing all your light bulbs to energy-savers
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
14:15
saves as much energy in a year
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ื—ื•ืกืš ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”
14:17
as moving to a walkable city does in a week.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
14:20
And we don't want to have this argument.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”.
14:21
Politicians and marketers are afraid
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื
14:23
of marketing green as a "lifestyle choice."
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ืžืœืฉื•ื•ืง ื™ืจื•ืง ื›ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื.
14:27
You don't want to tell Americans, God forbid,
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ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื, ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื—ืก,
14:30
that they have to change their lifestyle.
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ืฉืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
14:32
But what if lifestyle was really about quality of life
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ืืš ืžื” ืื ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืกืง ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื
14:35
and about perhaps something that we would all enjoy more,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:38
something that would be better than what we have right now?
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
14:41
Well, the gold standard of quality of life rankings,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื
14:43
it's called the Mercer Survey.
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ื ืงืจื ืกืงืจ ืžืจืกืจ.
14:45
You may have heard of it.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื•.
14:47
They rank hundreds of nations worldwide
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ื”ื ืžื“ืจื’ื™ื ืžืื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
14:50
according to 10 criteria that they believe add up
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ืœืคื™ 10 ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžืกื›ืžื™ื
14:52
to quality of life: health, economics, education,
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื: ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
14:57
housing, you name it.
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ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื”ื›ืœ.
15:01
There's six more. Short talk.
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ 6, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ืจืฆืื” ืงืฆืจื”.
15:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:05
And it's very interesting to see that
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืจืื•ืช
15:07
the highest-ranking American city, Honolulu,
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ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื•ืœื•,
15:10
number 28, is followed by kind of the usual suspects
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ืžืกืคืจ 28, ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช
15:14
of Seattle and Boston and all walkable cities.
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ืกื™ืื˜ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
15:17
The driving cities in the Sun Belt,
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ืขืจื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ,
15:19
the Dallases and the Phoenixes and, sorry, Atlanta,
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ื“ืืœืืก, ืคื™ื ื™ืงืก, ื•ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื”,
15:22
these cities are not appearing on the list.
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ืขืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”.
15:26
But who's doing even better?
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ืืš ืžื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ?
15:27
The Canadian cities like Vancouver,
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ืขืจื™ื ืงื ื“ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ืื ืงื•ื‘ืจ,
15:30
where again, they're burning half the fuel.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง.
15:32
And then it's usually won by cities where they speak German,
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ื•ืื– ืขืจื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช,
15:35
like Dusseldorf or Vienna,
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ื›ืžื• ื“ืกืœื“ื•ืจืฃ ืื• ื•ื™ื ื”,
15:37
where they're burning, again, half as much fuel.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืฉื•ื‘, ื—ืฆื™ ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง.
15:39
And you see this alignment, this strange alignment.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
15:42
Is being more sustainble
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ื”ืื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื
15:44
what gives you a higher quality of life?
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื?
15:46
I would argue the same thing
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
15:49
that makes you more sustainble
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื
15:51
is what gives you a higher quality of life,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
15:53
and that's living in a walkable neighborhood.
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ื•ืฉื–ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
15:56
So sustainability, which includes our wealth
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ืื– ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื, ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืขื•ืฉืจื ื•
16:00
and our health
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ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•
16:02
may not be a direct function of our sustainability.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
16:07
But particularly here in America,
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ืืš ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
16:09
we are polluting so much
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš
16:12
because we're throwing away our time
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืœืจื™ืง ืืช ื–ืžื ื ื•
16:14
and our money and our lives on the highway,
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ื•ื›ืกืคื ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
16:17
then these two problems would seem to share
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ื•ืื– ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช
16:19
the same solution, which is to make our cities
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ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืขืจื™ื ื•
16:22
more walkable.
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ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื”.
16:23
Doing so isn't easy, but it can be done,
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื” ื‘ื›ืš, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
16:26
it has been done,
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช,
16:27
and it's being done now in more than a few cities,
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ืžืฅ ืขืจื™ื,
16:30
around the globe and in our country.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•.
16:32
I take some solace from Winston Churchill,
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืงืฆืช ื ื—ืžื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืฆืณืจืฆืณื™ืœ,
16:35
who put it this way:
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ืฉื ื™ืกื— ื–ืืช ื›ืš:
16:37
"The Americans can be counted on
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
16:38
to do the right thing
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ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
16:40
once they have exhausted the alternatives." (Laughter)
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ืžื™ืฆื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช.ืด (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:42
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:44
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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