How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | Laura Galante

134,447 views ใƒป 2017-05-25

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:13
Let's say you despise
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืืžืจ ืฉืืชื ื‘ื–ื™ื
00:15
Western democracy.
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ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
00:18
Democracy, in all its trappings,
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื”,
00:20
free elections, town halls,
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ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”,
00:23
endless debates about the proper role of government.
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ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื”ื”ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ -
00:26
Too messy,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืœื’ืŸ,
00:27
too unpredictable,
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ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™ ืžื“ื™,
00:28
too constraining for your taste.
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ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืžื“ื™, ืœื˜ืขืžื›ื.
00:31
And the way these democracies band together and lecture everyone else
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ื•ืื™ืš ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืžื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื
00:35
about individual rights and freedoms --
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ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜--
00:38
it gets under your skin.
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ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ!!
00:41
So what to do about it?
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ืื– ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ?
00:43
You can call out the hypocrisy and failures of Western democracies
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช
00:48
and explain how your way is better,
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ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ืจื›ื›ื ืขื“ื™ืคื”,
00:51
but that's never really worked for you.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื›ื.
00:54
What if you could get the people
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื
00:57
whose support is the very foundation of these democracies
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ืฉืชืžื™ื›ืชื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
01:00
to start questioning the system?
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช?
01:04
Make the idea occur in their own minds
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ืชื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
01:06
that democracy and its institutions are failing them,
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ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืžื›ื–ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
01:10
their elite are corrupt puppet masters
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ืฉื”ืืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื,
01:13
and the country they knew is in free fall.
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ื•ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฆืจ.
01:17
To do that,
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš,
01:18
you'll need to infiltrate the information spheres
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืกืชื ืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
01:21
of these democracies.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:23
You'll need to turn their most powerful asset --
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ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœื”ืŸ--
01:26
an open mind --
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ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ืคืชื•ื—--
01:28
into their greatest vulnerability.
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ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
01:31
You'll need people to question the truth.
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ืžื˜ืจืชื›ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืคืงืคืงื• ื‘ืืžืช.
01:35
Now, you'll be familiar of hacking and leaks that happened in 2016.
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื”ื“ืœืคื•ืช ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ื‘-2016.
01:40
One was the Democratic National Committee's networks,
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ืื™ืจื•ืข ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช,
01:43
and the personal email accounts of its staff,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ืฉืœื”,
01:46
later released on WikiLeaks.
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ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืื—"ื› ื‘"ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืœื™ืงืก".
01:48
After that, various online personas,
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ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
01:51
like a supposed Romanian cybercriminal who didn't speak Romanian,
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ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืฉืข-ื”ืจืฉืช-ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจื•ืžื ื™ืช,
01:56
aggressively pushed news of these leaks to journalists.
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ื”ืœืขื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืคื” ื–ื•.
02:00
The media took the bait.
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื ื’ืกื” ื‘ืคืชื™ื•ืŸ.
02:02
They were consumed by how much the DNC hated Bernie.
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ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ื›ื— ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉื ืื” ืืช ื‘ืจื ื™.
02:06
At the time, it was that narrative that far outshined the news
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืืคื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
02:11
that a group of Russian government sponsored hackers
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ืฉืกื™ืคืจื• ืขืœ ืคืฆื—ื ื™ ืจืฉืช ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืกื™ื”,
02:14
who we called "Advanced Persistent Threat 28,"
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื "ืื™ื•ื ืขืงื‘ื™ ืžืชืงื“ื ืžืก' 28,"
02:17
or "APT28" for short,
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ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื™ื™-ืคื™-ื˜ื™28,
02:20
was carrying out these operations against the US.
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ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืœื” ื ื’ื“ ืืจื”"ื‘.
02:24
And there was no shortage of evidence.
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ื•ืœื ื—ืกืจื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš.
02:26
This group of Russian government hackers hadn't just appeared out of nowhere
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืคืฆื—ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘-2016:
02:30
in 2016.
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02:31
We had started tracking this group back in 2014.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-2014.
02:34
And the tools that APT28 used to compromise its victims' networks
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ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื™ื™-ืคื™-ื˜ื™28 ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื
02:39
demonstrated a thoughtful, well-resourced effort
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ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืžืืžืฅ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืžื•ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
02:43
that had taken place for now over a decade
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ืฉื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื
02:46
in Moscow's time zone
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ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ื”
02:47
from about 9 am to 6 pm.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 9 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœ-6 ื‘ืขืจื‘.
02:50
APT28 loved to prey on the emails and contacts of journalists in Chechnya,
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ืื™ื™-ืคื™-ื˜ื™28 ืื”ื‘ื• ืœืฆื•ื“ ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื‘ืฆ'ืฆื ื™ื”,
ื‘ืžืžืฉืœืช ื’ืื•ืจื’ื™ื”, ืฉืœ ื ืกืคื—ื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื--
02:56
the Georgian government, eastern European defense attachรฉs --
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02:59
all targets with an undeniable interest to the Russian government.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื”ื.
03:03
We weren't the only ones onto this.
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ืœื ืจืง ืื ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
03:05
Governments, research teams across the world,
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช
03:09
were coming to similar conclusions
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03:10
and observing the same types of operations.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
03:14
But what Russia was doing in 2016
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” ืขืฉืชื” ื‘-2016,
03:17
went far beyond espionage.
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืจื™ื’ื•ืœ.
03:19
The DNC hack was just one of many where stolen data was posted online
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ื”ืคืจื™ืฆื” ืœื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ืื—ืช ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ื•ืช
ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ืœืจืฉืช,
03:26
accompanied by a sensational narrative,
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ืœื•ื• ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื ืกืฆื™ื•ื ื™,
03:28
then amplified in social media
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ื”ื•ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
03:30
for lightning-speed adoption by the media.
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ื•ืื•ืžืฆื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
03:36
This didn't ring the alarm bells
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืื–ืขืงื”
03:39
that a nation-state was trying to interfere with the credibility
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ืฉื™ืชืจื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ืœืื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข
ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช.
03:43
of another's internal affairs.
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03:45
So why, collectively, did we not see this coming?
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืœื ืฆืคื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”?
03:50
Why did it take months before Americans understood
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•
03:54
that they were under a state-sponsored information attack?
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ืฉื”ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืชืงืคืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™?
04:00
The easy answer is politics.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืงืœื” ื”ื™ื "ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”".
04:01
The Obama Administration was caught in a perfect catch-22.
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ืžืžืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ืžื” ื ืงืœืข ืœืžืœื›ื•ื“ 22 ืžื•ืฉืœื.
04:05
By raising the specter that the Russian government was interfering
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ืข"ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ืจื•ื— ื”ืจืคืื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืžืชืขืจื‘ืช
04:10
in the US presidential campaign,
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ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘,
04:12
the Administration risked appearing to meddle in the campaign itself.
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ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
04:17
But the better answer, I think,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
04:19
is that the US and the West were utterly unequipped
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืœืžืขืจื‘ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื›ืœื™ื
04:23
to recognize and respond to a modern information operation,
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ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•,
04:28
despite the fact that the US had wielded information
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ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืžื™ื“ืข
04:33
with devastating success in an era not so long ago.
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ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžื•ื—ืฆืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง.
04:38
Look, so while the US and the West spent the last 20 years
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ืจืื•: ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืขืกืงื• ื‘-20 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
04:42
caught up in cybersecurity --
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ื‘ื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ--
04:43
what networks to harden,
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ืื™ืœื• ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืžื’ืŸ,
04:45
which infrastructure to deem critical,
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ืื™ืœื• ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
04:47
how to set up armies of cyber warriors and cyber commands --
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ--
04:51
Russia was thinking in far more consequential terms.
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ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
04:57
Before the first iPhone even hit the shelf,
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ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”"ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ" ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืคื™ื,
05:00
the Russian government understood the risks and the opportunity
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช
05:04
that technology provided
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ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
05:06
and the inter-communication and instant communication it provided us.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœ-ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉื˜ืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”.
05:12
As our realities are increasingly based on the information
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืกืชืžื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
05:15
that we're consuming at the palm of our hand
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ืฉืื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ื ื•,
05:17
and from the news feeds that we're scanning
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ื•ืขืœ ืชื–ืจื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื
05:20
and the hashtags and stories that we see trending,
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ื•ืขืœ ืชื’ื™ ื”ื”ืงื‘ืฆื” ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื,
05:23
the Russian government was the first to recognize
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ืžืžืฉืœืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
05:26
how this evolution
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ืื™ืš ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช
05:28
had turned your mind into the most exploitable device on the planet.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื›ื ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื ืฆื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื.
05:34
And your mind is particularly exploitable
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื ืฆื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
05:37
if you're accustomed to an unfettered flow of information,
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ืื ื”ืชืจื’ืœืชื ืœืฉื˜ืฃ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ืคืจืข ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข,
05:41
now increasingly curated to your own tastes.
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ืฉืžื•ืชืื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืขืžื›ื.
05:47
This panorama of information that's so interesting to you
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ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื,
05:49
gives a state, or anyone for that matter, a perfect back door into your mind.
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ืžืกืคืง ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ, ื“ืœืช ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืืœ ืžื•ื—ื›ื.
05:56
It's this new brand of state-sponsored information operations
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™
06:00
that can be that much more successful,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
06:02
more insidious,
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ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
06:03
and harder for the target audience -- that includes the media --
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ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฉืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“-- ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช--
ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคืขื ื— ื•ืœืืคื™ื™ืŸ.
06:08
to decipher and characterize.
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06:10
If you can get a hashtag trending on Twitter,
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ืื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื›ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™ื–ื• ืกื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘"ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ",
06:12
or chum the waters with fake news
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ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื•ืช
06:15
directed to audiences primed to receive it,
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ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชืŸ,
06:18
or drive journalists to dissect terabytes of email
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ืื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืœื ืชื— ื˜ืจื”-ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื"ืœ
06:21
for a cent of impropriety --
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ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”--
06:23
all tactics used in Russian operations --
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ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื™ื--
06:25
then you've got a shot at effectively camouflaging your operations
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ื›ื™ ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉืœื›ื
06:30
in the mind of your target.
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ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœื›ื.
06:33
This is what Russia's long called "reflexive control."
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” ื›ื™ื ืชื” ืžื™ื“ "ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื—ื–ืจืช".
06:38
It's the ability to use information on someone else
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ
06:42
so that they make a decision
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”
06:44
on their own accord
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ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™
06:46
that's favorable to you.
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ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื›ื.
06:50
This is nation-state-grade image control and perception management,
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
06:54
and it's conducted by any means,
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ื•ืืœื• ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™,
06:56
with any tools, network-based or otherwise, that will achieve it.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ืžื‘ื•ืกืก-ืจืฉืช ืื• ืœื, ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืชื.
07:01
Take this for another example.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช:
07:03
In early February 2014, a few weeks before Russia would invade Crimea,
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2014, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืคืœื™ืฉืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืงืจื™ื,
07:08
a phone call is posted on YouTube.
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ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืœ"ื™ื•-ื˜ื™ื•ื‘" ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
07:10
In it, there's two US diplomats.
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ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื™ื.
07:12
They sound like they're playing kingmaker in Ukraine,
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ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืชืจืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”,
07:15
and worse, they curse the EU for its lack of speed and leadership
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ื•ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืš, ื”ื ืžืงืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืขืœ ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื•
07:19
in resolving the crisis.
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ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
07:21
The media covers the phone call,
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ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืกืงืจืช ืืช ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ,
07:24
and then the ensuing diplomatic backlash
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ื•ื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš
07:29
leaves Washington and Europe reeling.
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ืžื–ืขื–ืขื™ื ืืช ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
07:32
And it creates a fissured response and a feckless attitude
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืจื•ืคืกืช
07:36
towards Russia's land grab in Ukraine.
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ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”.
07:39
Mission accomplished.
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื”.
07:42
So while hacked phone calls and emails and networks
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื“ืœืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช
07:45
keep grabbing the headlines,
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ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื›ื‘ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช,
07:47
the real operations are the ones
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ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ืืœื”
07:50
that are influencing the decisions you make
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ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื
07:53
and the opinions you hold,
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื,
07:55
all in the service of a nation-state's strategic interest.
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ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืœืื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
07:59
This is power in the information age.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
08:03
And this information is all that much more seductive,
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ื•ืžืคืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
08:06
all that much easier to take at face value and pass on,
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ืงืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืœืื”,
08:10
when it's authentic.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™.
08:12
Who's not interested in the truth that's presented in phone calls and emails
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ืžื™ ืœื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื"ืœ
08:18
that were never intended for public consumption?
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ?
08:22
But how meaningful is that truth
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ืืš ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืžืช ื–ื•
08:23
if you don't know why it's being revealed to you?
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ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคื” ืœืžืขื ื›ื?
08:27
We must recognize that this place where we're increasingly living,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื™ื,
08:31
which we've quaintly termed "cyberspace,"
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ืฉืžืฉื•ื-ืžื” ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ",
08:34
isn't defined by ones and zeroes,
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ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 1 ื•-0,
08:36
but by information and the people behind it.
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ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•.
08:40
This is far more than a network of computers and devices.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื;
08:43
This is a network composed of minds
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช
08:46
interacting with computers and devices.
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ืฉืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื.
08:50
And for this network,
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ื•ืœืžื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ืืช
08:54
there's no encryption, there's no firewall,
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ืฆืคื ื”, ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืžืช ืืฉ,
08:57
no two-factor authentication,
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ืฉื•ื ืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื•-ืฉืœื‘ื™
08:59
no password complex enough to protect you.
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ื•ืฉื•ื ืกื™ืกืžื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื.
09:03
What you have for defense
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ืœื”ื’ื ืชื›ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืฉื”ื•
09:05
is far stronger, it's more adaptable, it's always running the latest version.
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ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืกืชื’ืœื ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกืชื• ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช:
09:11
It's the ability to think critically:
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช.
09:14
call out falsehood,
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ืœื”ื•ืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ืฃ,
09:15
press for the facts.
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ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
09:18
And above all, you must have the courage
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ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ื”ืื•ืžืฅ
09:22
to unflinchingly pursue the truth.
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ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืืžืช ืœืœื ืžื•ืจื.
09:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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