How (and why) Russia hacked the US election | Laura Galante

134,155 views ・ 2017-05-25

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gichung Lee κ²€ν† : Seongjae Hwang
00:13
Let's say you despise
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ„œμ–‘ 민주주의λ₯Ό
00:15
Western democracy.
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κ²½λ©Έν•œλ‹€κ³  가정해보죠.
00:18
Democracy, in all its trappings,
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민주주의, κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—λŠ”
00:20
free elections, town halls,
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자유 μ„ κ±°, μ‹œμ²­λ“€
00:23
endless debates about the proper role of government.
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ λμ—†λŠ” λ…ΌμŸ 등이 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
Too messy,
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λͺ¨λ“ κ²Œ ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ½κ³ 
00:27
too unpredictable,
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μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš°λ©°
00:28
too constraining for your taste.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μž…λ§›μ—λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ œμ•½μ΄ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
And the way these democracies band together and lecture everyone else
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이런 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ ν•œ 데 λ­‰μ³μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ
00:35
about individual rights and freedoms --
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개인의 κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ μžμœ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 일μž₯μ—°μ„€ν•˜λŠ” 방식은
00:38
it gets under your skin.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ 짜증이 λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
So what to do about it?
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그럼 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:43
You can call out the hypocrisy and failures of Western democracies
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μ„œκ΅¬ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λ“€μ˜ μœ„μ„ κ³Ό μ‹€νŒ¨λ₯Ό μ™ΈμΉ˜κ³ 
00:48
and explain how your way is better,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 방식이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜μ€μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
but that's never really worked for you.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 별 도움이 μ•ˆλ˜μ…¨μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
What if you could get the people
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이 민주주의 ꡭ가듀을
00:57
whose support is the very foundation of these democracies
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μ„Έμš°λŠ”λ° κ³΅ν—Œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ•„
01:00
to start questioning the system?
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그듀이 이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ˜λ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ§€κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
01:04
Make the idea occur in their own minds
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이 아이디어가 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 마음 μ†μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
that democracy and its institutions are failing them,
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λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ™€ κ·Έ 기ꡬ듀이 그듀을 μ‹€λ§μ‹œν‚€κ³  있고
01:10
their elite are corrupt puppet masters
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈκ°€ λΆ€νŒ¨ν•œ κΌ­λ‘κ°μ‹œμ΄λ©°
01:13
and the country they knew is in free fall.
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그듀이 μ•„λŠ” κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μžμœ λ‚™ν•˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
01:17
To do that,
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그러기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
01:18
you'll need to infiltrate the information spheres
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 민주주의 κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ μ •λ³΄μ˜μ—­μ—
01:21
of these democracies.
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μΉ¨νˆ¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
You'll need to turn their most powerful asset --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μžμ‚°μΈ
01:26
an open mind --
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μ—΄λ¦° λ§ˆμŒμ„
01:28
into their greatest vulnerability.
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ·¨μ•½μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
You'll need people to question the truth.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 진싀에 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ 던질 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
Now, you'll be familiar of hacking and leaks that happened in 2016.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 2016년에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ ν•΄ν‚Ήκ³Ό 유좜 사건을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
One was the Democratic National Committee's networks,
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ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ―Όμ£Όλ‹Ή μ „κ΅­ μœ„μ›νšŒμ˜ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ™€
01:43
and the personal email accounts of its staff,
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μ§μ›λ“€μ˜ 개인 이메일 계정듀인데
01:46
later released on WikiLeaks.
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μœ„ν‚€λ¦­μŠ€μ— κ³΅κ°œλ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:48
After that, various online personas,
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κ·Έ 이후에, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 온라인 페λ₯΄μ†Œλ‚˜λ“€
01:51
like a supposed Romanian cybercriminal who didn't speak Romanian,
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λ£¨λ§ˆλ‹ˆμ•„μ–΄λ₯Ό μ „ν˜€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” λ£¨λ§ˆλ‹ˆμ•„ 사이버 λ²”μ£„μž 같은 이듀이
01:56
aggressively pushed news of these leaks to journalists.
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이런 μœ μΆœμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό κΈ°μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ°€μ—ˆμ£ .
02:00
The media took the bait.
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언둠은 이 미끼λ₯Ό λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
They were consumed by how much the DNC hated Bernie.
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λ―Όμ£Όλ‹Ή μ „κ΅­ μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ²„λ‹ˆ μƒŒλ”μŠ€λ₯Ό λ―Έμ›Œν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λΉ μ Έλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
02:06
At the time, it was that narrative that far outshined the news
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— λ‰΄μŠ€λ³΄λ‹€ 더 μ£Όλͺ©λ°›μ•˜λ˜ λ‚΄λŸ¬ν‹°λΈŒλŠ”
02:11
that a group of Russian government sponsored hackers
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ •λΆ€κ°€ 해컀듀을 ν›„μ›ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
02:14
who we called "Advanced Persistent Threat 28,"
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이 해컀듀은 "지λŠ₯ν˜• 지속 μœ„ν˜‘ 28"
02:17
or "APT28" for short,
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μ€„μ—¬μ„œ "APT28"이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ΄λ“€λ‘œ
02:20
was carrying out these operations against the US.
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미ꡭ에 λŒ€ν•œ μž‘μ „μ„ μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:24
And there was no shortage of evidence.
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μ¦κ±°λŠ” μΆ©λΆ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
This group of Russian government hackers hadn't just appeared out of nowhere
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ •λΆ€ 해컀듀은 2016년에 κ°‘μžκΈ° λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 것은
02:30
in 2016.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
We had started tracking this group back in 2014.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 2014년에 이 그룹을 μΆ”μ ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
And the tools that APT28 used to compromise its victims' networks
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APT28이 κ·Έ ν”Όν•΄μžλ“€μ˜ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν—˜μ— λΉ λœ¨λ¦¬λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©ν•œ λ„κ΅¬λŠ”
02:39
demonstrated a thoughtful, well-resourced effort
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μ‚¬λ €κΉŠκ³  ν’λΆ€ν•œ 정보에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯을 λ³΄μ΄λŠ”λ°
02:43
that had taken place for now over a decade
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ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ 10λ…„ 이상 κ³„μ†λ˜μ–΄ 온 κ²ƒλ“€λ‘œμ„œ
02:46
in Moscow's time zone
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λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ°” μ‹œκ°„λŒ€λ‘œ
02:47
from about 9 am to 6 pm.
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9μ‹œλΆ€ν„° 6μ‹œκΉŒμ§€ ν–‰ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
APT28 loved to prey on the emails and contacts of journalists in Chechnya,
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APT28λŠ” 체첸 곡화ꡭ κΈ°μžλ“€κ³Ό
02:56
the Georgian government, eastern European defense attachΓ©s --
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λ™μœ λŸ½κ΅­λ°©κ΄€μΈ 쑰지아 μ •λΆ€μ˜ 이메일과 μ—°λ½μ²˜λ₯Ό ν¬μƒμ–‘μ‚ΌλŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
02:59
all targets with an undeniable interest to the Russian government.
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λͺ¨λ‘ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ •λΆ€μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžμ˜€μ£ .
03:03
We weren't the only ones onto this.
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우리만 이λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆλ˜ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
Governments, research teams across the world,
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전세계 μ •λΆ€λ“€κ³Ό 연ꡬ νŒ€λ“€μ€
03:09
were coming to similar conclusions
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 결둠에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
03:10
and observing the same types of operations.
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 운영 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
But what Russia was doing in 2016
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„κ°€ 2016년에 ν•œ 일은
03:17
went far beyond espionage.
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κ°„μ²©ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό 훨씬 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
The DNC hack was just one of many where stolen data was posted online
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λ―Όμ£Όλ‹Ή μ „κ΅­ μœ„μ›νšŒ 해킹은 ν›”μΉœ 데이터가 μ˜¨λΌμΈμ—
03:26
accompanied by a sensational narrative,
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자극적인 λ‚΄λŸ¬ν‹°λΈŒμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 곡개되고
03:28
then amplified in social media
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μ†Œμ…œ 미디어에 μ˜ν•΄ ν™•μ‚°λ˜μ–΄
03:30
for lightning-speed adoption by the media.
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언둠이 λΉ›κ³Ό 같은 μ†λ„λ‘œ 받아듀인 μ—¬λŸ¬ μΌ€μ΄μŠ€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
This didn't ring the alarm bells
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이 건은
03:39
that a nation-state was trying to interfere with the credibility
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κ΅­κ°€κ°€ νƒ€κ΅­κ°€μ˜ λ‚΄μ •μ˜ 신뒰성에
03:43
of another's internal affairs.
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κ°„μ„­ν•˜λ € ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 경쒅을 μšΈλ¦¬μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
So why, collectively, did we not see this coming?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 이λ₯Ό μ˜ˆκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:50
Why did it take months before Americans understood
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미ꡭ인듀이 κ΅­κ°€κ°€ ν›„μ›ν•œ 정보 곡격을
03:54
that they were under a state-sponsored information attack?
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λ°›κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹«κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μˆ˜κ°œμ›”μ΄ κ±Έλ Έμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:00
The easy answer is politics.
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μ‰¬μš΄ 닡은 μ •μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
The Obama Administration was caught in a perfect catch-22.
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μ˜€λ°”λ§ˆ μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ μ΄λŸ¬μ§€λ„ μ €λŸ¬μ§€λ„ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μƒνƒœμ— κ°–ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
By raising the specter that the Russian government was interfering
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ―Έκ΅­ λŒ€μ„  μΊ νŽ˜μΈμ— κ°„μ„­ν•œλ‹€λŠ”
04:10
in the US presidential campaign,
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ν™˜μƒμ„ μΌμœΌμΌœμ„œ
04:12
the Administration risked appearing to meddle in the campaign itself.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ 캠페인 μžμ²΄μ— κ°„μ„­ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μœ„ν—˜μ„ λ¬΄λ¦ŽμΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
But the better answer, I think,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 닡은 μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ”
04:19
is that the US and the West were utterly unequipped
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ„œμ–‘μ΄ ν˜„λŒ€ 정보 μž‘μ „μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  이에 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ”λ°
04:23
to recognize and respond to a modern information operation,
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μ™„μ „νžˆ 무방비 μƒνƒœμ˜€λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
despite the fact that the US had wielded information
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미ꡭ이 그리 멀지 μ•Šμ€ 과거에 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 성곡을 뢈러일으켰던
04:33
with devastating success in an era not so long ago.
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정보λ ₯을 가지고 μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ—λ„ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Look, so while the US and the West spent the last 20 years
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ„œμ–‘μ΄ μ§€λ‚œ 20λ…„λ™μ•ˆ
04:42
caught up in cybersecurity --
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사이버 λ³΄μ•ˆ λ¬Έμ œμ— 맀달리고
04:43
what networks to harden,
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μ–΄λ–€ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”ν•˜κ³ 
04:45
which infrastructure to deem critical,
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μ–΄λ–€ 인프라가 μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€ 맀달릴 λ™μ•ˆ
04:47
how to set up armies of cyber warriors and cyber commands --
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사이버 μš©μ‚¬λ“€μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ–‘μ„±ν•˜κ³  사이버 λͺ…령듀을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ§€ κ³ λ―Όν•  λ™μ•ˆ
04:51
Russia was thinking in far more consequential terms.
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„λŠ” 훨씬 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
Before the first iPhone even hit the shelf,
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첫번째 아이폰이 μΆœμ‹œλ˜κΈ°λ„ 전에
05:00
the Russian government understood the risks and the opportunity
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ •λΆ€λŠ” κ·Έ 기술이 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ”
05:04
that technology provided
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κΈ°νšŒμ™€ μœ„ν—˜ 그리고
05:06
and the inter-communication and instant communication it provided us.
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그것이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μƒν˜Έμ†Œν†΅κ³Ό 즉각적인 μ†Œν†΅μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
As our realities are increasingly based on the information
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우리의 ν˜„μ‹€μ΄ 점점 더
05:15
that we're consuming at the palm of our hand
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우리 손바λ‹₯으둜 μ†ŒλΉ„ν•˜λŠ” 정보와
05:17
and from the news feeds that we're scanning
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν›‘μ–΄λ³΄λŠ” λ‰΄μŠ€ ν”Όλ“œ
05:20
and the hashtags and stories that we see trending,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” ν•΄μ‹œνƒœκ·Έμ™€ 이야기듀에 바탕을 둠에 따라
05:23
the Russian government was the first to recognize
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ •λΆ€λŠ” 이와 같은 λ³€ν™”κ°€
05:26
how this evolution
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ΄μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‰¬μš΄ μž₯치둜
05:28
had turned your mind into the most exploitable device on the planet.
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λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ 처음으둜 μΈμ‹ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
And your mind is particularly exploitable
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ€ 특히 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
05:37
if you're accustomed to an unfettered flow of information,
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점점 더 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ·¨ν–₯에 맞게 μ„ λ³„λ˜λŠ”
05:41
now increasingly curated to your own tastes.
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λ¬΄μ œν•œμ μΈ μ •λ³΄μ˜ 흐름에 μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ Έμžˆμ„ λ•Œ 특히 μ°©μ·¨ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
This panorama of information that's so interesting to you
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이 νŒŒλ…ΈλΌλ§ˆμ‹ μ •λ³΄λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ ν₯λ―Έμ§„μ§„ν•˜κ³ 
05:49
gives a state, or anyone for that matter, a perfect back door into your mind.
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ν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ—κ²Œ, λ˜λŠ” 같은 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λˆ„κ΅¬μ—κ²Œλ‚˜ μ™„λ²½ν•œ 마음의 뒷문을 μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:56
It's this new brand of state-sponsored information operations
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이 κ΅­κ°€κ°€ ν›„μ›ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λΈŒλžœλ“œμ˜ 정보 μž‘μ „μ€
06:00
that can be that much more successful,
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그만큼 훨씬 더 성곡적이고
06:02
more insidious,
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더 μ€λ°€νžˆ 퍼지고
06:03
and harder for the target audience -- that includes the media --
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λ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λŒ€μƒμΈ΅μ΄
06:08
to decipher and characterize.
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ν•΄μ„ν•˜κ³  λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
If you can get a hashtag trending on Twitter,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ νŠΈμœ„ν„°μ˜ ν•΄μ‹œνƒœκ·Έ νŠΈλ Œλ“œλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
06:12
or chum the waters with fake news
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μ£Όμš” λŒ€μƒμ—κ²Œ μ§‘μ€‘λ˜λŠ”
06:15
directed to audiences primed to receive it,
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κ°€μ§œ λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
06:18
or drive journalists to dissect terabytes of email
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극히 μΌλΆ€μ˜ λΆ€λ„λ•ν•œ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό κ±ΈλŸ¬λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
06:21
for a cent of impropriety --
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κΈ°μžλ“€μ΄ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ 이메일을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
06:23
all tactics used in Russian operations --
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-이 λͺ¨λ“  μˆ˜λ‹¨μ€ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μž‘μ „μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”-
06:25
then you've got a shot at effectively camouflaging your operations
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μž‘μ „μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ— 효율적으둜 μž‘μ „μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ‹€
06:30
in the mind of your target.
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κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμœΌμ‹  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
This is what Russia's long called "reflexive control."
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μ΄λŠ” λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ—μ„œ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ "λ°˜μ‚¬μ  컨트둀"이라고 뢈러온 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
It's the ability to use information on someone else
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μ΄λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έμ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯으둜
06:42
so that they make a decision
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 슀슀둜
06:44
on their own accord
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μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μœ λ¦¬ν•œ
06:46
that's favorable to you.
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결정을 내리도둝 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
This is nation-state-grade image control and perception management,
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μ΄λŠ” κ΅­κ°€κΈ‰ 이미지 컨트둀과 인식 κ΄€λ¦¬λ‘œμ„œ
06:54
and it's conducted by any means,
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μˆ˜λ‹¨κ³Ό 방법을 가리지 μ•Šκ³ 
06:56
with any tools, network-based or otherwise, that will achieve it.
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λͺ©μ μ— 따라 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 그렇지 μ•Šκ³  ν–‰ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
Take this for another example.
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λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
07:03
In early February 2014, a few weeks before Russia would invade Crimea,
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2014λ…„ 2μ›” μ΄ˆμ— λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„κ°€ 크리미아 λ°˜λ„λ₯Ό μΉ¨λž΅ν•˜κΈ° 수 μ£Ό μ „
07:08
a phone call is posted on YouTube.
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ν•œ 전화톡화 내역이 μœ νŠœλΈŒμ— μ˜¬λΌμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
In it, there's two US diplomats.
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λ―Έκ΅­ 외ꡐ관 2λͺ…μ˜ ν†΅ν™”λ‘œ
07:12
They sound like they're playing kingmaker in Ukraine,
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이듀은 마치 μš°ν¬λΌμ΄λ‚˜μ— 킹메이컀 κ²Œμž„μ„ ν•˜λŠ” λ“― λ“€λ Έκ³ 
07:15
and worse, they curse the EU for its lack of speed and leadership
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μ„€μƒκ°€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©μ˜ μœ„κΈ° 해결이 λΉ λ₯΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  리더십이 λΆ€μž¬ν•˜λ‹€κ³ 
07:19
in resolving the crisis.
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악담을 νΌλΆ“λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
The media covers the phone call,
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언둠은 이 ν†΅ν™”λ‚΄μš©μ€ λ³΄λ„ν–ˆκ³ 
07:24
and then the ensuing diplomatic backlash
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κ³„μ†λ˜λŠ” 외ꡐ적 반발이
07:29
leaves Washington and Europe reeling.
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄κ³Ό μœ λŸ½μ—κ²Œ 큰 타격을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
And it creates a fissured response and a feckless attitude
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μ΄λŠ” λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ˜ μš°ν¬λΌμ΄λ‚˜ 토지 νš‘λ Ήμ—
07:36
towards Russia's land grab in Ukraine.
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κ· μ—΄λœ λ°˜μ‘κ³Ό λ¬΄μ±…μž„ν•œ νƒœλ„λ₯Ό λ‚³μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
Mission accomplished.
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μž„λ¬΄κ°€ μ™„μˆ˜λœκ±°μ£ .
07:42
So while hacked phone calls and emails and networks
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ν•΄ν‚Ήλœ 톡화 λ‚΄μ—­κ³Ό 이메일, λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬κ°€
07:45
keep grabbing the headlines,
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계속 ν—€λ“œλΌμΈμ„ λΆ™λ“€κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
07:47
the real operations are the ones
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μ‹€μ œ μž‘μ „μ€
07:50
that are influencing the decisions you make
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ κ²°μ •κ³Ό
07:53
and the opinions you hold,
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μ˜κ²¬μ— 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
07:55
all in the service of a nation-state's strategic interest.
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λͺ¨λ‘ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ „λž΅μ  이읡 μˆ˜ν–‰κ³Ό λ§žμ•„ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
This is power in the information age.
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이 것이 정보화 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
And this information is all that much more seductive,
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이 μ •λ³΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 그만큼 더 유혹적이고
08:06
all that much easier to take at face value and pass on,
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μ•‘λ©΄κ°€ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ°μ— 훨씬 νŽΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
when it's authentic.
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그것이 μ§„μ‹€μΌλ•ŒλŠ”μš”.
08:12
Who's not interested in the truth that's presented in phone calls and emails
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λ³Έλž˜λŒ€λ‘œλΌλ©΄ λŒ€μ€‘μ΄ μ ‘κ·Όν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  μ „ν™” 톡화와 이메일에 λ‹΄κΈ΄ 진싀에
08:18
that were never intended for public consumption?
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관심이 없을 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λˆ„κ°€ μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
08:22
But how meaningful is that truth
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 진싀이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:23
if you don't know why it's being revealed to you?
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그것이 μ™œ κ³΅κ°œλ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
08:27
We must recognize that this place where we're increasingly living,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 점점 더 μ‚΄μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ”
08:31
which we've quaintly termed "cyberspace,"
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¬˜ν•˜κ²Œλ„ "사이버곡간" 이라고 이름지은 이 곡간이
08:34
isn't defined by ones and zeroes,
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1κ³Ό 0으둜 μ •μ˜λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:36
but by information and the people behind it.
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정보와 κ·Έ λ°°ν›„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ •μ˜λœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 인식해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
This is far more than a network of computers and devices.
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μ΄λŠ” 컴퓨터와 μž₯치의 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
This is a network composed of minds
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컴퓨터와 μž₯μΉ˜μ™€ ꡐλ₯˜ν•˜λŠ”
08:46
interacting with computers and devices.
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λ§ˆμŒλ“€μ˜ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
And for this network,
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이 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ—λŠ”
08:54
there's no encryption, there's no firewall,
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μ•”ν˜Έλ„ μ—†κ³  방화벽도 μ—†μœΌλ©°
08:57
no two-factor authentication,
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이쀑 인증도 μ—†κ³ 
08:59
no password complex enough to protect you.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•΄μ€„ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ•”ν˜Έλ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
What you have for defense
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ°©μ–΄ κΈ°μ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
is far stronger, it's more adaptable, it's always running the latest version.
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훨씬 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³ , 훨씬 적응λ ₯있고, 항상 μ΅œμ‹ νŒμΈ λ°©μ–΄κΈ°μ œκ°€μš”.
09:11
It's the ability to think critically:
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λ°”λ‘œ λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이죠.
09:14
call out falsehood,
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거짓을 ν­λ‘œν•˜κ³ 
09:15
press for the facts.
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사싀을 μœ„ν•΄ μ••λ°•ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
And above all, you must have the courage
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무엇보닀 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ΅΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
09:22
to unflinchingly pursue the truth.
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진싀을 좔ꡬ할 용기λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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