Tim Brown: Tales of creativity and play

321,057 views ใƒป 2008-11-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Asaf Dajczman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Avigail Burstein
00:16
This is a guy named Bob McKim.
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžืง'ืงื™ื.
00:19
He was a creativity researcher in the '60s and '70s,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืจ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื,
00:24
and also led the Stanford Design Program.
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ื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“.
00:27
And in fact, my friend and IDEO founder, David Kelley,
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ IDEO, ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืงืœื™,
00:30
whoโ€™s out there somewhere, studied under him at Stanford.
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืœืžื“ ืืฆืœื• ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“.
00:36
And he liked to do an exercise with his students
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ื”ื•ื ืื”ื‘ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื•
00:42
where he got them to take a piece of paper
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ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ
00:47
and draw the person who sat next to them, their neighbor,
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ื•ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื™ื“ื, ืฉื›ื ื,
00:51
very quickly, just as quickly as they could.
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ืœื•.
00:53
And in fact, weโ€™re going to do that exercise right now.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืขืช.
00:56
You all have a piece of cardboard and a piece of paper.
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ.
00:59
Itโ€™s actually got a bunch of circles on it.
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ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื.
01:00
I need you to turn that piece of paper over;
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืชื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืคื™ืกืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ,
01:01
you should find that itโ€™s blank on the other side.
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™. ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
01:04
And there should be a pencil.
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ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ื’ื ืขื™ืคืจื•ืŸ.
01:07
And I want you to pick somebody thatโ€™s seated next to you,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ื›ื,
01:11
and when I say, go, youโ€™ve got 30 seconds to draw your neighbor, OK?
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื›ื ื›ื, ืื• ืงื™ื™?
01:19
So, everybody ready? OK. Off you go.
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ืื– ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื? ืื• ืงื™ื™, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•.
01:24
Youโ€™ve got 30 seconds, youโ€™d better be fast.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืื– ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืชื–ื“ืจื–ื•.
01:27
Come on: those masterpieces ...
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ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืช.
01:40
OK? Stop. All right, now.
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ืื• ืงื™ื™? ืขื™ืฆืจื•. ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
01:43
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
01:45
Yes, lotโ€™s of laughter. Yeah, exactly.
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื—ื•ืง. ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
01:48
Lots of laughter, quite a bit of embarrassment.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื—ื•ืง, ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”.
01:51
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
01:52
Am I hearing a few "sorryโ€™s"? I think Iโ€™m hearing a few sorryโ€™s.
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ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ื™ื•ืช? ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:57
Yup, yup, I think I probably am.
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ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข.
01:59
And thatโ€™s exactly what happens every time,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื,
02:03
every time you do this with adults.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
02:05
McKim found this every time he did it with his students.
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ืžืง'ืงื™ื ื’ื™ืœื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
02:08
He got exactly the same response: lots and lots of sorryโ€™s.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง: ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ "ืกืœื™ื—ื”".
02:12
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
02:13
And he would point this out as evidence
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”
02:17
that we fear the judgment of our peers,
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ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
02:20
and that weโ€™re embarrassed about showing our ideas
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ื•ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:24
to people we think of as our peers, to those around us.
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ืœืžื™ ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืžื™ืช, ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•.
02:28
And this fear is what causes us
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ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื•
02:32
to be conservative in our thinking.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:35
So we might have a wild idea,
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืข,
02:37
but weโ€™re afraid to share it with anybody else.
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ืืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
02:40
OK, so if you try the same exercise with kids,
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ืื ืชื ืกื• ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
02:43
they have no embarrassment at all.
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ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”.
02:46
They just quite happily show their masterpiece
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
02:48
to whoever wants to look at it.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
02:53
But as they learn to become adults,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื,
02:56
they become much more sensitive to the opinions of others,
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ื”ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื,
02:59
and they lose that freedom and they do start to become embarrassed.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”.
03:04
And in studies of kids playing, itโ€™s been shown
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื, ื”ืจืื•
03:07
time after time that kids who feel secure,
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
03:11
who are in a kind of trusted environment --
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
03:14
theyโ€™re the ones that feel most free to play.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ื— ืœืฉื—ืง.
03:20
And if youโ€™re starting a design firm, letโ€™s say,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืงื™ืžื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ื ื ื™ื—,
03:23
then you probably also want to create
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ืื– ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืชืจืฆื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
03:27
a place where people have the same kind of security.
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ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืงื ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
03:30
Where they have the same kind of security to take risks.
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ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
03:33
Maybe have the same kind of security to play.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื—ืง.
03:37
Before founding IDEO, David said that what he wanted to do
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืื™ื“ืื•, ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืืžืจ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
03:42
was to form a company where all the employees are my best friends.
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
03:48
Now, that wasnโ€™t just self-indulgence.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืจืง ืœืžืขืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืžืื•ื•ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื.
03:51
He knew that friendship is a short cut to play.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืœืžืฉื—ืง.
03:57
And he knew that it gives us a sense of trust,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
04:02
and it allows us then to take the kind of creative risks
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ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื
04:05
that we need to take as designers.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื.
04:08
And so, that decision to work with his friends --
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ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื -
04:12
now he has 550 of them -- was what got IDEO started.
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ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• 550 ื›ืืœื• - ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืื™ื“ืื• ืืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
04:19
And our studios, like, I think, many creative workplaces today,
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ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืžื• ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื,
04:23
are designed to help people feel relaxed:
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ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื,
04:26
familiar with their surroundings,
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ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื— ืขื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
04:29
comfortable with the people that theyโ€™re working with.
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ื•ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืชื ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
04:33
It takes more than decor, but I think weโ€™ve all seen that
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ืจืง ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืคื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื•,
04:36
creative companies do often have symbols in the workplace
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ืฉื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
04:41
that remind people to be playful,
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ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื—ืง,
04:44
and that itโ€™s a permissive environment.
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ื•ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืชื™ืจื ื™ืช.
04:47
So, whether itโ€™s this microbus meeting room
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ืื– ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื–ื” ื—ื“ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืก
04:49
that we have in one our buildings at IDEO;
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื“ืื•,
04:51
or at Pixar, where the animators work in wooden huts and decorated caves;
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ืื• ื‘ืงืชื•ืช ืขืฅ ื•ืžืขืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื™ืžื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืงืกืืจ
04:57
or at the Googleplex, where
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ืื• ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืฉื‘ื•,
04:59
itโ€™s famous for its [beach] volleyball courts,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืขืฃ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื,
05:00
and even this massive dinosaur skeleton with pink flamingos on it.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื“ ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืขื ืคืœืžื™ื ื’ื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื•ืจื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื•.
05:04
Donโ€™t know the reason for the pink flamingos,
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคืœืžื™ื ื’ื• ื”ื•ืจื•ื“ื™ื,
05:06
but anyway, theyโ€™re there in the garden.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ื ืฉื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื”.
05:08
Or even in the Swiss office of Google,
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ืื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ,
05:10
which perhaps has the most wacky ideas of all.
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ืฉื ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ืžื›ื•ืœื.
05:12
And my theory is, thatโ€™s so the Swiss can prove
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ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—
05:14
to their Californian colleagues that theyโ€™re not boring.
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ืœืขืžื™ืชื™ื”ื ืžืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื.
05:17
So they have the slide, and they even have a firemanโ€™s pole.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื’ืœืฉื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื˜ ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืื™ื.
05:20
Donโ€™t know what they do with that, but they have one.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื•.
05:21
So all of these places have these symbols.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:24
Now, our big symbol at IDEO is actually
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ื”ืกืžืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืื• ืื™ื ื ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
05:27
not so much the place, itโ€™s a thing.
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ืืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”.
05:29
And itโ€™s actually something that we invented a few years ago,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
05:32
or created a few years ago.
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ืื• ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
05:33
Itโ€™s a toy; itโ€™s called a "finger blaster."
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ื–ื” ืฆืขืฆื•ืข. ื•ืฉืžื• "ื˜ื™ืœ ืืฆื‘ืข"
05:36
And I forgot to bring one up with me.
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ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืืŸ.
05:38
So if somebody can reach under the chair thatโ€™s next to them,
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ืื– ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ืกื ืฉืœื™ื“ื•,
05:41
youโ€™ll find something taped underneath it.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฆื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื“ื‘ืง ืชื—ืชื™ื•.
05:43
Thatโ€™s great. If you could pass it up. Thanks, David, I appreciate it.
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ื™ื•ืคื™. ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืืœื™. ืชื•ื“ื” ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“, ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื–ื”.
05:46
So this is a finger blaster, and you will find that every one of you
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ื™ืžืฆื
05:50
has got one taped under your chair.
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ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื‘ืง ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ืกื ืฉืœื•.
05:53
And Iโ€™m going to run a little experiment. Another little experiment.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ.
05:57
But before we start, I need just to put these on.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:00
Thank you. All right.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
06:02
Now, what Iโ€™m going to do is, Iโ€™m going to see how --
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ืžื” ืฉืืขืฉื” ื›ืขืช, ื–ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” -
06:05
I canโ€™t see out of these, OK.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื, ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
06:06
Iโ€™m going to see how many of you at the back of the room
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืื•ืœื
06:08
can actually get those things onto the stage.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื“ ืœื‘ืžื”.
06:10
So the way they work is, you know,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
06:12
you just put your finger in the thing,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื–ื” ืœืฉื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข,
06:15
pull them back, and off you go.
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ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ.
06:18
So, donโ€™t look backwards. Thatโ€™s my only recommendation here.
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ืจืง ืืœ ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืื—ื•ืจื”. ื–ื• ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืขืช.
06:23
I want to see how many of you can get these things on the stage.
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ืื– ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืขื“ ืœื‘ืžื”.
06:25
So come on! There we go, there we go. Thank you. Thank you. Oh.
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ืื– ืงื“ื™ืžื”! ื™ื•ืคื™. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
06:28
I have another idea. I wanted to -- there we go.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ. ืจืฆื™ืชื™ -- ื”ื ื”.
06:31
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
06:35
There we go.
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ื”ื ื”.
06:36
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
06:40
Thank you, thank you, thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ืชื•ื“ื”, ืชื•ื“ื”.
06:41
Not bad, not bad. No serious injuries so far.
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ืœื ืจืข, ืœื ืจืข. ืื™ืŸ ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ื”.
06:45
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
06:49
Well, theyโ€™re still coming in from the back there;
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืื•ืœื;
06:54
theyโ€™re still coming in.
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ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื.
06:55
Some of you havenโ€™t fired them yet.
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ื—ืœืงื›ื ืœื ื™ืจื™ืชื ืื•ืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:56
Can you not figure out how to do it, or something?
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ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื, ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”?
06:58
Itโ€™s not that hard. Most of your kids figure out how to do this
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื”. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ื–ื”
07:01
in the first 10 seconds, when they pick it up.
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ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื–ื”.
07:04
All right. This is pretty good; this is pretty good.
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ื™ื•ืคื™. ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘; ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
07:06
Okay, all right. Letโ€™s -- I suppose we'd better...
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ื™ื•ืคื™, ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื‘ื•ืื• -- ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉ...
07:12
I'd better clear these up out of the way;
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ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืืคื ื” ืื•ืชื
07:13
otherwise, Iโ€™m going to trip over them.
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ืื—ืจืช ืื ื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืžืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
07:15
All right. So the rest of you can save them
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ื”ืฉืืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื
07:18
for when I say something particularly boring,
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ืœืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉืขืžื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
07:20
and then you can fire at me.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืขืœื™.
07:21
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
07:23
All right. I think Iโ€™m going to take these off now,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ. ืื ื™ ืื•ืจื™ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื,
07:24
because I canโ€™t see a damn thing when Iโ€™ve -- all right, OK.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื™ืชื. ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
07:28
So, ah, that was fun.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฃ.
07:32
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
07:34
All right, good.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื™ื•ืคื™.
07:36
(Applause)
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[ ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ]
07:38
So, OK, so why?
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ืื– ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ืœืžื”?
07:40
So we have the finger blasters. Other people have dinosaurs, you know.
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ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ื™ืœื™ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข, ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
07:43
Why do we have them? Well, as I said,
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ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจืชื™,
07:45
we have them because we think maybe playfulness is important.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
07:49
But why is it important?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”?
07:51
We use it in a pretty pragmatic way, to be honest.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื™.
07:54
We think playfulness helps us get to better creative solutions.
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:59
Helps us do our jobs better,
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ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:01
and helps us feel better when we do them.
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ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
08:03
Now, an adult encountering a new situation --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” --
08:07
when we encounter a new situation we have a tendency
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื
08:10
to want to categorize it just as quickly as we can, you know.
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ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
08:13
And thereโ€™s a reason for that: we want to settle on an answer.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
08:19
Lifeโ€™s complicated; we want to figure out
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
08:22
whatโ€™s going on around us very quickly.
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ืžื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื• ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“.
08:23
I suspect, actually, that the evolutionary biologists
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ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื™, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช
08:25
probably have lots of reasons [for] why we want
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœืŸ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื
08:27
to categorize new things very, very quickly.
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ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ.
08:30
One of them might be, you know,
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
08:32
when we see this funny stripy thing:
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ื”ืžืคื•ืกืคืก ื”ื–ื”,
08:33
is that a tiger just about to jump out and kill us?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ืžืจ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื ื•?
08:36
Or is it just some weird shadows on the tree?
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื”ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืœ ืฉื ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ืขืฅ?
08:37
We need to figure that out pretty fast.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ.
08:39
Well, at least, we did once.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืžื”ืจ ืคืขื.
08:40
Most of us donโ€™t need to anymore, I suppose.
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ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื•, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—, ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:42
This is some aluminum foil, right? You use it in the kitchen.
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ื–ื”ื• ืจื“ื™ื“ ืืœื™ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—.
08:44
Thatโ€™s what it is, isnโ€™t it? Of course it is, of course it is.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื–ื”, ืœื? ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
08:47
Well, not necessarily.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—.
08:49
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
08:51
Kids are more engaged with open possibilities.
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ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช
08:54
Now, theyโ€™ll certainly -- when they come across something new,
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ื”ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ -- ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ,
08:56
theyโ€™ll certainly ask, "What is it?"
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ื”ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉืืœื•, ืžื” ื–ื”?
08:58
Of course they will. But theyโ€™ll also ask, "What can I do with it?"
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ืฉืืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื ื™ืฉืืœื•, ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”?
09:01
And you know, the more creative of them
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ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื
09:03
might get to a really interesting example.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
09:06
And this openness is the beginning of exploratory play.
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ื•ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™.
09:11
Any parents of young kids in the audience? There must be some.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื? ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉ.
09:14
Yeah, thought so. So weโ€™ve all seen it, havenโ€™t we?
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ื›ืŸ, ื›ืš ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
09:17
Weโ€™ve all told stories about how, on Christmas morning,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืกื™ืคืจื ื• ืื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“,
09:20
our kids end up playing with the boxes
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืขื ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:22
far more than they play with the toys that are inside them.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
09:25
And you know, from an exploration perspective,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ,
09:29
this behavior makes complete sense.
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ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
09:31
Because you can do a lot more with boxes than you can do with a toy.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืขื ืฆืขืฆื•ืข.
09:34
Even one like, say, Tickle Me Elmo --
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ, ื ื ื™ื—, ืขืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ืืœืžื•,
09:37
which, despite its ingenuity, really only does one thing,
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ืืฉืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“,
09:40
whereas boxes offer an infinite number of choices.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืงื•ืคืกื” ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™.
09:47
So again, this is another one of those playful activities
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืขืฉืขืช,
09:49
that, as we get older, we tend to forget and we have to relearn.
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ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
09:54
So another one of Bob McKimโ€™s favorite exercises
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ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžืง'ืงื™ื
09:57
is called the "30 Circles Test."
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ื ืงืจื "ืžื‘ื—ืŸ 30 ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื".
09:58
So weโ€™re back to work. You guys are going to get back to work again.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
10:01
Turn that piece of paper that you did the sketch on
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ื”ื™ืคื›ื• ืืช ืคื™ืกืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจืชื ืขืœื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
10:03
back over, and youโ€™ll find those 30 circles printed on the piece of paper.
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืฉื ื™ืฉื ื 30 ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ื“ืคืกื™ื.
10:07
So it should look like this. You should be looking at something like this.
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ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืš. ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
10:09
So what Iโ€™m going to do is, Iโ€™m going to give you minute,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ืงื”,
10:12
and I want you to adapt as many of those circles as you can
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื”ืคื›ื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื
10:15
into objects of some form.
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ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื.
10:17
So for example, you could turn one into a football,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ,
10:19
or another one into a sun. All Iโ€™m interested in is quantity.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืžืฉ. ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช.
10:22
I want you to do as many of them as you can,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืขืฉื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื
10:25
in the minute that Iโ€™m just about to give you.
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ื‘ื“ืงื” ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื•.
10:28
So, everybody ready? OK? Off you go.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื? ืื• ืงื™ื™? ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•.
10:46
Okay. Put down your pencils, as they say.
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ืื• ืงื™ื™. ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืขืคืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื.
10:50
So, who got more than five circles figured out?
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ืžื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื?
10:53
Hopefully everybody? More than 10?
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื. ืžื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจื”?
10:55
Keep your hands up if you did 10.
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ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื. 10.
10:57
15? 20? Anybody get all 30?
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15? 20? ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื?
11:00
No? Oh! Somebody did. Fantastic.
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ืœื? ืื”! ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ื™ื•ืคื™.
11:03
Did anybody to a variation on a theme? Like a smiley face?
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ื”ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื” ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื? ื ืืžืจ ืกืžื™ื™ืœื™?
11:08
Happy face? Sad face? Sleepy face? Anybody do that?
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ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืฉืžื—? ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืขืฆื•ื‘? ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืขื™ื™ืฃ? ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช?
11:13
Anybody use my examples? The sun and the football?
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœื™? ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ?
11:17
Great. Cool. So I was really interested in quantity.
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ื™ื•ืคื™. ื ื”ื“ืจ. ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช.
11:21
I wasnโ€™t actually very interested in whether they were all different.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื™ ืื ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืœื.
11:24
I just wanted you to fill in as many circles as possible.
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ืจืง ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
11:27
And one of the things we tend to do as adults, again, is we edit things.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื–ื”, ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:32
We stop ourselves from doing things.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
11:33
We self-edit as weโ€™re having ideas.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
11:35
And in some cases, our desire to be original is actually a form of editing.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื›ื”.
11:41
And that actually isnโ€™t necessarily really playful.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืฉื—ืงื™.
11:45
So that ability just to go for it and explore lots of things,
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช, ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
11:50
even if they donโ€™t seem that different from each other,
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ื’ื ืื ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”,
11:52
is actually something that kids do well, and it is a form of play.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง.
11:58
So now, Bob McKim did another
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ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžืง'ืงื™ื ืขืฉื” ืขื•ื“ --
12:00
version of this test
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ืขื•ื“ ื’ืจืกื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
12:01
in a rather famous experiment that was done in the 1960s.
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ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื.
12:05
Anybody know what this is? Itโ€™s the peyote cactus.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื”? ื–ื”ื• ืงืงื˜ื•ืก ืžืกื•ื’ ืคื™ื•ื˜.
12:10
Itโ€™s the plant from which you can create mescaline,
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆืžื— ืืฉืจ ืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืงืœื™ืŸ - ืกื ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช
12:12
one of the psychedelic drugs.
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ืกื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื“ืœื™.
12:14
For those of you around in the '60s, you probably know it well.
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ืœืžื™ ืžื›ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ื ืฉืžืข ืžื•ื›ืจ.
12:15
McKim published a paper in 1966, describing an experiment
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ืžืง'ืงื™ื ืคืจืกื ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1966 ื”ืžืชืืจ ื ื™ืกื•ื™
12:21
that he and his colleagues conducted
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื• ืขืจื›ื•,
12:22
to test the effects of psychedelic drugs on creativity.
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ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืกืžื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
12:26
So he picked 27 professionals -- they were
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ 27 ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื•,
12:33
engineers, physicists, mathematicians, architects,
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ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื, ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื, ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ื, ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื,
12:35
furniture designers even, artists --
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื•ืžื ื™ื.
12:38
and he asked them to come along one evening,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืจื‘ ืื—ื“
12:41
and to bring a problem with them that they were working on.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืžื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”.
12:48
He gave each of them some mescaline,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืกืงืœื™ืŸ,
12:50
and had them listen to some nice, relaxing music for a while.
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ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืœื”ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
12:54
And then he did whatโ€™s called the Purdue Creativity Test.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื“".
13:00
You might know it as, "How many uses can you find for a paper clip?"
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืžื”ื“ืง"?
13:03
Itโ€™s basically the same thing as the 30 circles thing that I just had you do.
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ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ 30 ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
13:07
Now, actually, he gave the test before the drugs
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกื,
13:09
and after the drugs, to see
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ --
13:13
what the difference was in peopleโ€™s
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ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื
13:15
facility and speed with coming up with ideas.
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ื”ืขืœื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
13:18
And then he asked them to go away
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ื
13:19
and work on those problems that theyโ€™d brought.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขื™ืžื.
13:23
And theyโ€™d come up with a bunch of
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
13:25
interesting solutions -- and actually, quite
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืงืฃ,
13:27
valid solutions -- to the things that theyโ€™d been working on.
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื•.
13:30
And so, some of the things that they figured out,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืขืœื•,
13:31
some of these individuals figured out;
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื”ืขืœื•.
13:33
in one case, a new commercial building and designs for houses
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ื
13:36
that were accepted by clients;
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ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช.
13:37
a design of a solar space probe experiment;
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ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืฉืฉ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
13:41
a redesign of the linear electron accelerator;
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ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืฅ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืœื™ื ืืจื™,
13:46
an engineering improvement to a magnetic tape recorder --
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ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืค ืจืงื•ืจื“ืจ.
13:48
you can tell this is a while ago;
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
13:49
the completion of a line of furniture;
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ืกื™ื•ื ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜,
13:53
and even a new conceptual model of the photon.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืคื•ื˜ื•ืŸ.
13:56
So it was a pretty successful evening.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืจื‘ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—.
13:58
In fact, maybe this experiment was the reason that Silicon Valley
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืขืžืง ื”ืกื™ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ
14:02
got off to its great start with innovation.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื.
14:05
We donโ€™t know, but it may be.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืชื›ืŸ.
14:06
We need to ask some of the CEOs
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื
14:07
whether they were involved in this mescaline experiment.
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ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืงืœื™ืŸ.
14:09
But really, it wasnโ€™t the drugs that were important;
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
14:13
it was this idea that what the drugs did
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ืืœื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ืกืžื™ื ืขืฉื•
14:14
would help shock people out of their normal way of thinking,
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ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื.
14:17
and getting them to forget the adult behaviors
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ื•ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืฉืœื”ื
14:21
that were getting in the way of their ideas.
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ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
14:24
But itโ€™s hard to break our habits, our adult habits.
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ืืš ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
14:28
At IDEO we have brainstorming rules written on the walls.
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ื‘ืื™ื“ืื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
14:32
Edicts like, "Defer judgment," or "Go for quantity."
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ื›ืœืœื™ื ื›ืžื• "ืืœ ืชืžื”ืจ ืœืฉืคื•ื˜" ืื• "ืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ืช".
14:36
And somehow that seems wrong.
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื–ื” ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
14:37
I mean, can you have rules about creativity?
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช?
14:39
Well, it sort of turns out that we need rules
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื
14:41
to help us break the old rules and norms
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื
14:44
that otherwise we might bring to the creative process.
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ืฉืื—ืจืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืื™ืชื ื• ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
14:48
And weโ€™ve certainly learnt that over time,
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ื•ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
14:49
you get much better brainstorming,
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช
14:51
much more creative outcomes when everybody does play by the rules.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื ื›ื•ืœื ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœื›ืœืœื™ื.
14:57
Now, of course, many designers, many individual designers,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
15:00
achieve this is in a much more organic way.
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ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
15:02
I think the Eameses are wonderful examples of experimentation.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™ืžืก ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ืคืœืื” ืœืขืจื™ื›ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื.
15:07
And they experimented with plywood for many years
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ื”ื ืขืจื›ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช
15:10
without necessarily having one single goal in mind.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื™ืขื“ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืจืืฉ.
15:13
They were exploring following what was interesting to them.
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ื”ื ืขืจื›ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื” ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื.
15:17
They went from designing splints for wounded soldiers
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ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื“ื™ื ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื
15:19
coming out of World War II and the Korean War, I think,
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ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืžืœื—ืžืช ืงื•ืจื™ืื”, ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื ื™.
15:22
and from this experiment they moved on to chairs.
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ื•ืžื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืื•ืช.
15:24
Through constant experimentation with materials,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื,
15:26
they developed a wide range of iconic solutions
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ื”ื ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
15:29
that we know today, eventually resulting in,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
15:31
of course, the legendary lounge chair.
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ื”ื ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื›ื™ืกื ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
15:33
Now, if the Eameses had stopped with that first great solution,
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ืื™ืœื• ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืื™ืžืก ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืกื™ืง ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
15:36
then we wouldnโ€™t be the beneficiaries of so many
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”,
15:39
wonderful designs today.
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ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื.
15:42
And of course, they used experimentation in all aspects of their work,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
15:46
from films to buildings, from games to graphics.
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ืžืกืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื’ืจืคื™ืงื”.
15:52
So, theyโ€™re great examples, I think, of exploration
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ืื– ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ืคืœืื” ืœืžื—ืงืจ
15:56
and experimentation in design.
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ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
15:58
Now, while the Eameses were exploring those possibilities,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื–ื•ื’ ืื™ืžืก ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
16:01
they were also exploring physical objects.
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ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ื™ื.
16:04
And they were doing that through building prototypes.
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ื•ืืช ื–ืืช ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืื‘ื™-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก.
16:07
And building is the next of the behaviors that I thought Iโ€™d talk about.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”.
16:12
So the average Western first-grader
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ื™ืœื“ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื'
16:14
spends as much as 50 percent of their play time
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ืžื‘ืœื” ืขื“ ื› 50% ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืœื•
16:17
taking part in whatโ€™s called "construction play."
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”".
16:20
Construction play -- itโ€™s playful, obviously,
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ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” -- ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื—ืง,
16:23
but also a powerful way to learn.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื’ื ื“ืจืš ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœืœืžื•ื“.
16:25
When play is about building a tower out of blocks,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ืžืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
16:30
the kid begins to learn a lot about towers.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœื•ืžื“ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื.
16:32
And as they repeatedly knock it down and start again,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืคืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
16:34
learning is happening as a sort of by-product of play.
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ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
16:38
Itโ€™s classically learning by doing.
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ื–ื”ื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืงืœืืกื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
16:42
Now, David Kelley calls this behavior,
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ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืงืœื™ ืงื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•,
16:43
when itโ€™s carried out by designers, "thinking with your hands."
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, "ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื".
16:47
And it typically involves making multiple,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืจื‘ื™ื,
16:50
low-resolution prototypes very quickly,
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ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
16:53
often by bringing lots of found elements together
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ืœื ืคืขื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
16:55
in order to get to a solution.
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ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
16:58
On one of his earliest projects, the team was kind of stuck,
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืชืงื•ืข,
17:02
and they came up with a mechanism by hacking together
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ื•ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ
17:06
a prototype made from a roll-on deodorant.
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ืžื“ืื•ื“ื•ืจื ื˜ ืจื•ืœ-ืื•ืŸ.
17:09
Now, that became the first commercial computer mouse
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™
17:11
for the Apple Lisa and the Macintosh.
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ื”ืืคืœ ืœื™ืกื” ื•ื”ืžืงื™ื ื˜ื•ืฉ.
17:13
So, they learned their way to that by building prototypes.
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ืื– ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืžื“ื• ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก.
17:19
Another example is a group of designers
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื
17:21
who were working on a surgical instrument with some surgeons.
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—.
17:24
They were meeting with them; they were talking to the surgeons
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ื”ื ื ืคื’ืฉื• ืขื™ืžื, ื”ื ืฉื•ื—ื—ื• ืขื ื”ืžื ืชื—ื™ื
17:26
about what it was they needed with this device.
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ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ.
17:29
And one of the designers ran out of the room
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ื•ืื– ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ืฆื ื‘ืจื™ืฆื” ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ
17:31
and grabbed a white board marker and a film canister --
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ื•ืžืฆื ื˜ื•ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืง, ืžื™ื›ืœ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื --
17:34
which is now becoming a very precious prototyping medium --
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ืฉื›ืขืช ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก --
17:37
and a clothespin. He taped them all together,
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ื•ืกื™ื›ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
17:39
ran back into the room and said, "You mean, something like this?"
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ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืฆื” ืืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื•ืฉืืœ "ืืชื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”?"
17:41
And the surgeons grabbed hold of it and said,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžื ืชื—ื™ื ืื—ื–ื• ื‘ื• ื•ืืžืจื•,
17:43
well, I want to hold it like this, or like that.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื—ื•ื– ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•, ืื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื•.
17:45
And all of a sudden a productive conversation
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ื•ืœืคืชืข, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืžืฉื™, ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืฉื™ื—ื” ืคื•ืจื”
17:47
was happening about design around a tangible object.
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ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
17:52
And in the end it turned into a real device.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ืงื™ื™ื.
17:56
And so this behavior is all about quickly getting something
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ืื– ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช
17:59
into the real world, and having your thinking advanced as a result.
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ืฉื™ื™ืงื“ื, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”.
18:04
At IDEO thereโ€™s a kind of a back-to-preschool feel
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ื‘ IDEO ื™ืฉื ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจื”
18:07
sometimes about the environment.
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ืœื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
18:09
The prototyping carts, filled with colored paper
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ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื,
18:12
and Play-Doh and glue sticks and stuff --
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ืคืœืกื˜ืœื™ื ื”, ื“ื‘ืง ื•ืขื•ื“.
18:15
I mean, they do have a bit of a kindergarten feel to them.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
18:18
But the important idea is that everythingโ€™s at hand, everythingโ€™s around.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“. ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ืžืฆื.
18:22
So when designers are working on ideas,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
18:24
they can start building stuff whenever they want.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืชื™ ืฉืžืชื—ืฉืง ืœื”ื.
18:27
They donโ€™t necessarily even have to go
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ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช
18:28
into some kind of formal workshop to do it.
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ืœืกื“ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
18:30
And we think thatโ€™s pretty important.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ื• ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
18:32
And then the sad thing is, although preschools
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืขืฆื•ื‘ ื–ื”, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื’ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
18:34
are full of this kind of stuff, as kids go through the school system
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ืžืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
18:38
it all gets taken away.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืœืงื— ืžื”ื.
18:40
They lose this stuff that facilitates
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ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื•ืช,
18:42
this sort of playful and building mode of thinking.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื“ืจืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”.
18:47
And of course, by the time you get to the average workplace,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืข
18:49
maybe the best construction tool we have
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš
18:52
might be the Post-it notes. Itโ€™s pretty barren.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืชืงื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช. ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืžื.
18:55
But by giving project teams and the clients
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ื›ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
18:59
who theyโ€™re working with permission to think with their hands,
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ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
19:01
quite complex ideas can spring into life
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื•ืฅ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™
19:06
and go right through to execution much more easily.
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ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
19:10
This is a nurse using a very simple -- as you can see -- plasticine prototype,
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ื–ื• ืื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“ -- ืขื ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืžืคืœืกื˜ืœื™ื ื”
19:14
explaining what she wants out of a portable information system
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ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฃ ื™ื“
19:17
to a team of technologists and designers
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ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
19:20
that are working with her in a hospital.
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
19:23
And just having this very simple prototype
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ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”
19:24
allows her to talk about what she wants in a much more powerful way.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
19:29
And of course, by building quick prototypes,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืื‘ื™-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก,
19:31
we can get out and test our ideas with consumers
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช
19:34
and users much more quickly
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ื•ืขื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
19:36
than if weโ€™re trying to describe them through words.
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืœื™ื.
19:42
But what about designing something that isnโ€™t physical?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืžืฉื™?
19:45
Something like a service or an experience?
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช?
19:47
Something that exists as a series of interactions over time?
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ?
19:50
Instead of building play, this can be approached with role-play.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœื›ืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื.
19:56
So, if youโ€™re designing an interaction between two people --
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
19:58
such as, I donโ€™t know -- ordering food at a fast food joint
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ื›ืžื•, ื ื ื™ื—, ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืขื“ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ
20:01
or something, you need to be able to imagine
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ืื• ืžืฉื”ื•, ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
20:03
how that experience might feel over a period of time.
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ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
20:06
And I think the best way to achieve that,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช,
20:08
and get a feeling for any flaws in your design, is to act it out.
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื.
20:13
So we do quite a lot of work at IDEO
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื“ืื• ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”
20:15
trying to convince our clients of this.
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
20:17
They can be a little skeptical; Iโ€™ll come back to that.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื ืžืขื˜ ืกืคืงื ื™ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื–ื”.
20:19
But a place, I think, where the effort is really worthwhile
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืชืœื, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
20:23
is where people are wrestling with quite serious problems --
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช.
20:27
things like education or security or finance or health.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื›ืกืคื™ื ืื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
20:32
And this is another example in a healthcare environment
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
20:35
of some doctors and some nurses and designers
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ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื
20:37
acting out a service scenario around patient care.
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ืฉืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื”.
20:41
But you know, many adults
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
20:42
are pretty reluctant to engage with role-play.
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ืžืกืชื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ ืžืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื.
20:45
Some of itโ€™s embarrassment and some of it is because
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ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ื—ืœืง ื ื•ื‘ืข
20:47
they just donโ€™t believe that what emerges is necessarily valid.
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ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืงืฃ.
20:51
They dismiss an interesting interaction by saying,
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ื”ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื,
20:53
you know, "Thatโ€™s just happening because theyโ€™re acting it out."
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฉืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
20:56
Research into kids' behavior actually suggests
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ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืจืื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
20:58
that itโ€™s worth taking role-playing seriously.
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ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
21:01
Because when children play a role,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื
21:02
they actually follow social scripts quite closely
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ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
21:05
that theyโ€™ve learnt from us as adults.
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ืฉื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช.
21:07
If one kid plays "store," and another oneโ€™s playing "house,"
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ืื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
21:10
then the whole kind of play falls down.
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื ื”ืจืก.
21:13
So they get used to quite quickly
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ืื– ื”ื ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื
21:16
to understanding the rules for social interactions,
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ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
21:20
and are actually quite quick to point out when theyโ€™re broken.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืคืจื™ื.
21:23
So when, as adults, we role-play,
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื•, ื›ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื,
21:26
then we have a huge set of these scripts already internalized.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืžื•ืคื ืžืช.
21:31
Weโ€™ve gone through lots of experiences in life,
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
21:33
and they provide a strong intuition
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ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืœื ื• ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื”
21:36
as to whether an interaction is going to work.
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ื”ืื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ืœื.
21:39
So weโ€™re very good, when acting out a solution,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืœืฉื—ืง ืคืชืจื•ืŸ,
21:41
at spotting whether something lacks authenticity.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™.
21:46
So role-play is actually, I think,
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ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘,
21:47
quite valuable when it comes to thinking about experiences.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืจื‘ ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช.
21:51
Another way for us, as designers, to explore role-play
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ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื
21:54
is to put ourselves through an experience which weโ€™re designing for,
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ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื
21:58
and project ourselves into an experience.
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.
22:01
So here are some designers who are trying to understand
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ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
22:03
what it might feel like to sleep in a
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ืื™ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ
22:06
confined space on an airplane.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก.
22:08
And so they grabbed some very simple materials, you can see,
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื.
22:10
and did this role-play, this kind of very crude role-play,
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ื‘ืžืŸ ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืก,
22:14
just to get a sense of what it would be like for passengers
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื
22:16
if they were stuck in quite small places on airplanes.
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ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื“ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื˜ื•ืก.
22:21
This is one of our designers, Kristian Simsarian,
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืกื™ืžืกืจื™ืืŸ,
22:23
and heโ€™s putting himself through the experience of being an ER patient.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื—ื•ื•ื” ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
22:27
Now, this is a real hospital, in a real emergency room.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™, ื•ื—ื“ืจ ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™.
22:29
One of the reasons he chose to take
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ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืงื—ืช
22:31
this rather large video camera with him was
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ืืช ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื
22:32
because he didnโ€™t want the doctors and nurses thinking
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืฆื” ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื•
22:34
he was actually sick, and sticking something into him
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื” ืืžื™ืชื™, ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
22:37
that he was going to regret later.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชื—ืจื˜ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
22:39
So anyhow, he went there with his video camera,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืœืฉื ืขื ืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืœื•,
22:42
and itโ€™s kind of interesting to see what he brought back.
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ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืžืฉื.
22:46
Because when we looked at the video when he got back,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื•,
22:48
we saw 20 minutes of this.
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ืจืื™ื ื• 20 ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
22:50
(Laughter)
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[ ืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืงื”ืœ ]
22:53
And also, the amazing thing about this video --
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื
22:56
as soon as you see it you immediately
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ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื•, ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš
22:58
project yourself into that experience.
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ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
23:01
And you know what it feels like: all of that uncertainty
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ื•ื’ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื”
23:03
while youโ€™re left out in the hallway
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ
23:05
while the docs are dealing with some more urgent case
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื
23:07
in one of the emergency rooms, wondering what the heckโ€™s going on.
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ืชื•ื”ื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.
23:11
And so this notion of using role-play --
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื,
23:13
or in this case, living through the experience
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ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”
23:16
as a way of creating empathy --
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช,
23:17
particularly when you use video, is really powerful.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื”.
23:20
Or another one of our designers, Altay Sendil:
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ืื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื•ืœื˜ืื™ ืกื ื“ืœ,
23:22
heโ€™s here having his chest waxed, not because heโ€™s very vain,
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืืŸ ืฉืขื•ื•ื” ื‘ื—ื–ื”, ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืื•ื•ืชืŸ,
23:25
although actually he is -- no, Iโ€™m kidding --
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืŸ. ืœื, ืกืชื ื‘ืฆื—ื•ืง.
23:27
but in order to empathize with the pain that chronic care patients
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ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื
23:31
go through when theyโ€™re having dressings removed.
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ื‘ืขืช ื”ืกืจืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช.
23:33
And so sometimes these analogous experiences,
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ื›ืš ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
23:36
analogous role-play, can also be quite valuable.
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ืžืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืจื‘.
23:39
So when a kid dresses up as a firefighter, you know,
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ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ ืžืชื—ืคืฉ ืœื›ื‘ืื™,
23:42
heโ€™s beginning to try on that identity.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
23:44
He wants to know what it feels like to be a firefighter.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืื™.
23:47
Weโ€™re doing the same thing as designers.
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ืื ื• ื›ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
23:49
Weโ€™re trying on these experiences.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช.
23:51
And so the idea of role-play is both as an empathy tool,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืื•ืชื ื• ื’ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืืžืคืชื™,
23:55
as well as a tool for prototyping experiences.
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ื•ื’ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก.
23:59
And you know, we kind of admire people who do this at IDEO anyway.
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ื‘ืื™ื“ืื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
24:04
Not just because they lead to insights about the experience,
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ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”,
24:07
but also because of their willingness to explore
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ
24:10
and their ability to unselfconsciously
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืžืกืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
24:13
surrender themselves to the experience.
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ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.
24:16
In short, we admire their willingness to play.
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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืฉื—ืง.
24:21
Playful exploration, playful building and role-play:
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง, ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื.
24:27
those are some of the ways that designers use play in their work.
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ืืœื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื.
24:30
And so far, I admit, this might feel
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ื•ืขื“ ื›ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ื›ืื™ืœื•
24:34
like itโ€™s a message just to go out and play like a kid.
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ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“.
24:37
And to certain extent it is, but I want to stress a couple of points.
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื–ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ืžืกืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
24:41
The first thing to remember is that play is not anarchy.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืฉื—ืง ืื™ื ื• ื”ืคืงืจ.
24:44
Play has rules, especially when itโ€™s group play.
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ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
24:49
When kids play tea party, or they play cops and robbers,
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ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืชื”, ืื• ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื,
24:53
theyโ€™re following a script that theyโ€™ve agreed to.
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ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื•.
24:56
And itโ€™s this code negotiation that leads to productive play.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช.
25:01
So, remember the sketching task we did at the beginning?
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ืื– ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”?
25:03
The kind of little face, the portrait you did?
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ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจืชื?
25:05
Well, imagine if you did the same task with friends
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
25:09
while you were drinking in a pub.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืคืื‘.
25:11
But everybody agreed to play a game
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ื•ืœื
25:14
where the worst sketch artist bought the next round of drinks.
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ืงื•ื ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ืืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื.
25:18
That framework of rules would have turned an embarrassing,
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ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžื‘ื™ืš,
25:22
difficult situation into a fun game.
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ื•ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืฉืขืฉืข.
25:24
As a result, weโ€™d all feel perfectly secure and have a good time --
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื ื”ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ -
25:30
but because we all understood the rules and we agreed on them together.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
25:35
But there arenโ€™t just rules about how to play;
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ืœื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืื™ืš ืœืฉื—ืง,
25:39
there are rules about when to play.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืชื™ ืœืฉื—ืง.
25:42
Kids donโ€™t play all the time, obviously.
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
25:44
They transition in and out of it,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื–ื”.
25:46
and good teachers spend a lot of time
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ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘
25:49
thinking about how to move kids through these experiences.
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ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
25:53
As designers, we need to be able to transition in and out of play also.
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ื•ื›ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืื ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง.
25:58
And if weโ€™re running design studios
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
26:00
we need to be able to figure out, how can we transition
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื
26:02
designers through these different experiences?
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
26:05
I think this is particularly true if we think about the sort of --
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ...
26:08
I think whatโ€™s very different about design
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘
26:11
is that we go through these two very distinctive modes of operation.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื.
26:15
We go through a sort of generative mode,
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ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจื”,
26:20
where weโ€™re exploring many ideas;
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
26:21
and then we come back together again,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
26:23
and come back looking for that solution,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœ ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
26:26
and developing that solution.
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ื•ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
26:27
I think theyโ€™re two quite different modes:
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
26:30
divergence and convergence.
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ื”ืชื‘ื“ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช.
26:33
And I think itโ€™s probably in the divergent mode
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื“ืจื•ืช
26:36
that we most need playfulness.
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ืื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืง.
26:38
Perhaps in convergent mode we need to be more serious.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
26:41
And so being able to move between those modes
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
26:43
is really quite important. So, itโ€™s where thereโ€™s a
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
26:47
more nuanced version view of play, I think, is required.
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ืœื“ืขืชื™.
26:50
Because itโ€™s very easy to fall into the trap that these states are absolute.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื.
26:53
Youโ€™re either playful or youโ€™re serious, and you canโ€™t be both.
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉื—ืง, ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
26:57
But thatโ€™s not really true: you can be a serious professional adult
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจ,
27:02
and, at times, be playful.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื, ืœืฉื—ืง.
27:05
Itโ€™s not an either/or; itโ€™s an "and."
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื• ื–ื” ืื• ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื.
27:07
You can be serious and play.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ื•ืœืฉื—ืง.
27:11
So to sum it up, we need trust to play,
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ืื– ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืืžื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืง,
27:17
and we need trust to be creative. So, thereโ€™s a connection.
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ื•ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืื– ื”ื ื” ืœื›ื ื”ืงืฉืจ.
27:21
And there are a series of behaviors that weโ€™ve learnt as kids,
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
27:24
and that turn out to be quite useful to us as designers.
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ื•ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื ื• ืœืขื–ืจ ื›ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื.
27:27
They include exploration, which is about going for quantity;
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžื—ืงืจ, ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื•ืช.
27:32
building, and thinking with your hands;
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ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
27:35
and role-play, where acting it out helps us both
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ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ื’ื
27:39
to have more empathy for the situations in which weโ€™re designing,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืžืคื˜ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื,
27:42
and to create services and experiences
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ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช
27:45
that are seamless and authentic.
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
27:49
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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