Larry Brilliant: TED Prize wish: Help stop the next pandemic

245,913 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ariella Cwikel ืžื‘ืงืจ: Amit Lampit
00:25
I'm the luckiest guy in the world.
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ืื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจ-ืžื–ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:27
I got to see the last case of killer smallpox in the world.
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ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื”,
00:33
I was in India this past year,
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ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื• (ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื) ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:35
and I may have seen the last cases of polio in the world.
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00:40
There's nothing that makes you feel more --
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ-- ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช
00:43
the blessing and the honor of working in a program like that --
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ื›ืžื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื–ื• ื•ืœื“ืขืช
00:48
than to know that something that horrible no longer exists.
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ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื” ืื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื.
00:52
So I'm going to tell you --
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืกืคืจ-- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)--
00:53
(Applause)
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00:56
so I'm going to show you some dirty pictures.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื•ืช.
00:59
They are difficult to watch, but you should look at them with optimism,
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ื”ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช
01:05
because the horror of these pictures will be matched
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืื™ืžื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืชืฉืชื•ื•ื”
01:10
by the uplifting quality of knowing that they no longer exist.
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ืœืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
01:15
But first, I'm going to tell you a little bit about my own journey.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื™.
01:20
My background is not exactly the conventional medical education
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ื”ืจืงืข ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™
01:23
that you might expect.
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื•.
01:26
When I was an intern in San Francisco,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืกืŸ- ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•,
ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื
01:31
I heard about a group of Native Americans who had taken over Alcatraz Island,
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ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ืืœืงื˜ืจื–,
01:34
and a Native American who wanted to give birth on that island,
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ื•ืื™ืฉื” ื™ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืจืฆืชื” ืœืœื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ื–ื”,
01:38
and no other doctor wanted to go and help her give birth.
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ื•ืืฃ ืจื•ืคื ืื—ืจ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœืœื“ืช.
01:42
I went out to Alcatraz, and I lived on the island for several weeks.
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ืื ื™ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืืœืงื˜ืจื–, ื•ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
01:46
She gave birth; I caught the baby; I got off the island;
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื”, ืื ื™ ืชืคืกืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง, ื™ืจื“ืชื™ ืžื”ืื™,
01:49
I landed in San Francisco;
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ื ื—ืชืชื™ ื‘ืกืŸ- ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืจืฆืชื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™
01:51
and all the press wanted to talk to me,
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01:53
because my three weeks on the island made me an expert in Indian affairs.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื.
01:57
(Laughter)
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01:58
I wound up on every television show.
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ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
02:00
Someone saw me on television; they called me up; and they asked me
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจืื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืืœื™, ื•ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™
02:03
if I'd like to be in a movie and to play a young doctor
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ืื ืืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ืจื•ืคื ืฆืขื™ืจ
02:06
for a bunch of rock and roll stars who were traveling in a bus ride
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืจื•ืง ืื ื“ ืจื•ืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก
02:09
from San Francisco to England.
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ืžืกืŸ- ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”. ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ื›ืŸ, ืืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
02:11
And I said, yes, I would do that,
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02:13
so I became the doctor in an absolutely awful movie
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ืื– ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืจื•ืคื ื‘ืกืจื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืจื
02:17
called "Medicine Ball Caravan."
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ืฉื ืงืจื "ืงืจื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”".
02:19
(Laughter)
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02:20
Now, you know from the '60s,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื,
02:21
you're either on the bus or you're off the bus; I was on the bus.
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
02:24
My wife of 37 years and I joined the bus.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก. ืื ื™ ื•ืืฉืชื™, ืžื–ื” 37 ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื ื• ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
02:27
Our bus ride took us from San Francisco to London,
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ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืกืŸ- ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
02:30
then we switched buses at the big pond.
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ื”ื—ืœืคื ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืื’ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืื– ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื
02:32
We then got on two more buses
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ื•ื ืกืขื ื• ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ื•ืื™ืจืืŸ, ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
02:36
and we drove through Turkey and Iran, Afghanistan,
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ื—ืฆื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืจ, ืœืชื•ืš ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืจื•ืคื ืฆืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจ.
02:39
over the Khyber Pass into Pakistan, like every other young doctor.
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02:43
This is us at the Khyber Pass, and that's our bus.
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ืืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื ื•.
02:45
We had some difficulty getting over the Khyber Pass.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืจ,
02:49
But we wound up in India.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•.
02:51
And then, like everyone else in our generation,
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ื•ืื–, ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
02:53
we went to live in a Himalayan monastery.
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื ื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”.
02:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:59
This is just like a residency program,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืชืžื—ื™ื,
03:01
for those of you that are in medical school.
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ืœืžื™ ืžื›ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื”.
03:03
(Laughter)
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ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ืืฆืœ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื›ื, ื’ื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ืงืืจื•ืœื™ ื‘ืื‘ื,
03:05
And we studied with a wise man, a guru named Karoli Baba,
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03:10
who then told me to get rid of the dress,
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ืฉืื– ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืฉืžืœื”,
03:13
put on a three-piece suit,
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ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื,
03:15
go join the United Nations as a diplomat
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืื•"ื ื›ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜
ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
03:19
and work for the World Health Organization.
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03:21
And he made an outrageous prediction that smallpox would be eradicated,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื‘ื ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื—ืกืจืช ืฉื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืžื•ื’ืจื•,
03:25
and that this was God's gift to humanity,
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ื•ืฉื–ื• ืžืชื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
03:28
because of the hard work of dedicated scientists.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจื™ื.
03:31
And that prediction came true.
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืชืžืžืฉื”, ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจื”ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื ื•,
03:34
This little girl is Rahima Banu,
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03:36
and she was the last case of killer smallpox in the world.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
03:40
And this document is the certificate that the global commission signed,
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ื•ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื—ืชืžื” ืขืœื™ื”
03:45
certifying the world to have eradicated the first disease in history.
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ืฉืžืืฉืจืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ื—ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
03:51
The key to eradicating smallpox was early detection, early response.
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.
03:57
I'm going to ask you to repeat that: early detection, early response.
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ืื ื™ ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.
04:01
Can you say that?
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื–ื”?
04:02
Audience: Early detection, early response.
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ื”ืงื”ืœ: ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.
04:05
Larry Brilliant: Smallpox was the worst disease in history.
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ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜: ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
04:08
It killed more people than all the wars in history.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
04:11
In the last century, it killed 500 million people.
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื” 500 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื.
04:17
You're reading about Larry Page already.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™-- ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ืœืืจื™ ืคื™ื™ื’',
04:19
Somebody reads very fast.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืงื•ืจื ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:21
(Laughter)
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืืจื™ ืคื™ื™ื’' ื•ืกืจื’ื™ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืŸ (ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ื’ื•ื’ืœ)--
04:23
In the year that Larry Page and Sergey Brin --
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04:25
with whom I have a certain affection and a new affiliation --
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ืืœื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ--
04:28
in the year in which they were born,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ืœื“ื•,
ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื• ืžื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
04:31
two million people died of smallpox.
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ื”ื›ืจื–ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื—ื“ืช ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘1980.
04:34
We declared smallpox eradicated in 1980.
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04:38
This is the most important slide that I've ever seen in public health,
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ื–ื• ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
04:42
[Sovereigns killed by smallpox] because it shows you
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืจืื” ืœืš ืฉืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:44
to be the richest and the strongest,
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04:46
and to be kings and queens of the world,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:48
did not protect you from dying of smallpox.
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ืœื ื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ืš ืžืžื•ื•ืช ืžื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
04:50
Never can you doubt that we are all in this together.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“.
04:55
But to see smallpox from the perspective of a sovereign
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ
04:59
is the wrong perspective.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื”.
05:01
You should see it from the perspective of a mother,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื
05:04
watching her child develop this disease and standing by helplessly.
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ื”ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื” ืžืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจืช ืื•ื ื™ื.
05:07
Day one, day two, day three,
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ, ื™ื•ื ืืจื‘ืข, ื™ื•ื ื—ืžืฉ, ื™ื•ื ืฉืฉ.
05:13
day four, day five, day six.
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05:19
You're a mother and you're watching your child,
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ืืช ืื ื•ืืช ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœืš,
05:22
and on day six, you see pustules that become hard.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™, ืืช ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืจืกื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช.
ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข, ื”ื ืžืจืื•ืช ืฆืœืงื•ืช ืงืœืืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
05:28
Day seven, they show the classic scars of smallpox umbilication.
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05:33
Day eight.
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ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื•ื ื”.
05:34
And Al Gore said earlier
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ื•ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ ืืžืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืœืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
05:36
that the most photographed image in the world,
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05:39
the most printed image in the world,
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืกืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
05:40
was that of the Earth.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘1974,
05:42
But this was in 1974, and as of that moment,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”
05:45
this photograph was the photograph that was the most widely printed,
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ืฉื”ื•ื“ืคืกื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:49
because we printed two billion copies of this photograph,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื“ืคืกื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
05:52
and we took them hand to hand, door to door,
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ื•ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ืชื ืžื™ื“ ืœื™ื“, ืžื“ืœืช ืœื“ืœืช,
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ื”ื™ื• ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื
05:56
to show people and ask them if there was smallpox in their house,
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06:00
because that was our surveillance system.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉืœื ื•. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื’ื•ื’ืœ,
06:03
We didn't have Google, we didn't have web crawlers,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื–ื—ืœื ื™ ืจืฉืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
06:05
we didn't have computers.
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06:08
By day nine -- you look at this picture and you're horrified;
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ืชืฉืข, ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืžื–ื“ืขื–ืข.
06:12
I look at this picture and I say, "Thank God,"
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ "ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืืœ"
06:15
because it's clear that this is only an ordinary case of smallpox,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ืžืงืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
06:19
and I know this child will live.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื”.
06:22
And by day 13, the lesions are scabbing, his eyelids are swollen,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื”, ื”ืคืฆืขื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ื—ื™ื,
06:27
but you know this child has no other secondary infection.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืื—ืจ.
ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขืฉืจื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉื ืฆืœืงื•ืช, ื”ื™ืœื“ ื™ื—ื™ื™ื”.
06:32
And by day 20, while he will be scarred for life, he will live.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ืืœื”.
06:37
There are other kinds of smallpox that are not like that.
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06:40
This is confluent smallpox,
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ืืœื• ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืชืžื–ื’ื•ืช,
06:42
in which there isn't a single place on the body where you could put a finger
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ืืฆื‘ืข
06:46
and not be covered by lesions.
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ืฉืœื ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืคืฆืขื™ื.
06:49
Flat smallpox, which killed 100 percent of people who got it.
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ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื’ื• 100 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื.
06:53
And hemorrhagic smallpox, the most cruel of all,
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ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื“ืžืžื•ืช, ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ,
06:56
which had a predilection for pregnant women.
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
06:59
I've probably had 50 women die.
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ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ 50 ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื•. ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื“ืžืžื•ืช.
07:02
They all had hemorrhagic smallpox.
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07:04
I've never seen anybody die from it who wasn't a pregnant woman.
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืช ืžื–ื” ืžืœื‘ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
07:08
In 1967, the WHO embarked on what was an outrageous program
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ื‘1967, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืคืชื— ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
07:12
to eradicate a disease.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื”.
07:14
In that year, there were 34 countries affected with smallpox.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื• 34 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื’ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
07:18
By 1970, we were down to 18 countries.
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ื‘1870, ื”ืคื—ืชื ื• ืœ18 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
07:21
1974, we were down to five countries.
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1974, ื”ืคื—ืชื ื• ืœื—ืžืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
07:24
But in that year, smallpox exploded throughout India.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืชืคืจืฆื• ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ืœื—ืžื• ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
07:30
And India was the place where smallpox made its last stand.
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07:34
In 1974, India had a population of 600 million.
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ื‘1974, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžื ืชื” 600 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
07:37
There are 21 linguistic states in India,
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ื™ืฉ 21 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
07:40
which is like saying 21 different countries.
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื• 21 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
07:43
There are 20 million people on the road at any time,
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ื™ืฉ 20 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชื•ืŸ
07:46
in buses and trains, walking; 500,000 villages, 120 million households,
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ื•ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, 500,000 ื›ืคืจื™ื, 120 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘,
07:52
and none of them wanted to report
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
07:54
if they had a case of smallpox in their house,
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07:57
because they thought that smallpox was the visitation of a deity,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื”,
08:00
Shitala Mata, the cooling mother,
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ืฉื™ื˜ืืœื” ืžืื˜ื”, ื”ืื ื”ืžืฆื ื ืช,
08:02
and it was wrong to bring strangers into your house
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ื•ืฉื–ื”ื• ื—ื˜ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช
08:06
when the deity was in the house.
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ื›ืฉื”ืืœื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
08:09
No incentive to report smallpox.
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08:11
It wasn't just India that had smallpox deities;
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ื• ืืœื™ืœื™- ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
08:14
smallpox deities were prevalent all over the world.
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ืืœื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:18
So, how we eradicated smallpox was --
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ืื–, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช- ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
08:21
mass vaccination wouldn't work.
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08:23
You could vaccinate everybody in India,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ืกืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
08:25
but one year later there'd be 21 million new babies,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• 21 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
08:28
which was then the population of Canada.
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ืžืกืคืจ ื–ื”ื” ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ืงื ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื•.
08:30
It wouldn't do just to vaccinate everyone.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื—ืกืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื.
08:32
You had to find every single case of smallpox in the world
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
08:36
at the same time, and draw a circle of immunity around it.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืงื• ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
08:39
And that's what we did.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•.
08:42
In India alone, my 150,000 best friends and I went door to door,
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, 150,000 ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™
ื”ืœื›ื ื• ื“ืœืช ืœื“ืœืช ืขื ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”
08:47
with that same picture,
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08:49
to every single house in India.
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ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•. ืขืจื›ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช.
08:51
We made over one billion house calls.
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08:54
And in the process, I learned something very important.
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
08:58
Every time we did a house-to-house search,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื“ืœืช ืœื“ืœืช,
ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
09:03
we had a spike in the number of reports of smallpox.
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09:07
When we didn't search, we had the illusion that there was no disease.
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ื›ืฉืœื ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื•, ื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ืœื” ื›ืœืœ.
09:12
When we did search, we had the illusion that there was more disease.
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ื›ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉื ื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื”.
09:17
A surveillance system was necessary,
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ื ื“ืจืฉื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžืขืงื‘
09:19
because what we needed was early detection, early response.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.
09:26
So we searched and we searched,
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ืื–, ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื•, ืขื“ ืฉืžืฆืื ื•
09:28
and we found every case of smallpox in India.
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ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•. ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืคืจืก.
09:31
We had a reward. We raised the reward.
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ื”ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคืจืก. ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืคืจืก.
09:34
We continued to increase the reward.
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09:36
We had a scorecard that we wrote on every house.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉืจืฉืžื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช.
09:40
And as we did that,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืืคืก,
09:42
the number of reported cases in the world dropped to zero.
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ื•ื‘ 1980 ื”ื›ืจื–ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
09:46
And in 1980, we declared the globe free of smallpox.
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09:51
It was the largest campaign in United Nations history,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื ืขื“ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง.
09:56
until the Iraq war.
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150,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
09:58
150,000 people from all over the world --
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10:02
doctors of every race, religion, culture and nation,
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื’ื–ืข, ื“ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขื,
10:04
who fought side by side, brothers and sisters,
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ืœื—ืžื• ื›ืชืฃ ืืœ ื›ืชืฃ, ืื—ื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™,
10:09
with each other, not against each other,
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ืœื ืื—ื“ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:13
in a common cause to make the world better.
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10:16
But smallpox was the fourth disease that was intended for eradication.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืœ.
10:20
We failed three other times.
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ื ื›ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื.
10:22
We failed against malaria, yellow fever and yaws.
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ื ื›ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ื“ ืžืœืจื™ื”, ืงื“ื—ืช ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื“ืžื•ื™ ืขื’ื‘ืช.
10:25
But soon we may see polio eradicated.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ื—ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื•.
10:29
But the key to eradicating polio is early detection, early response.
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.
10:35
This may be the year we eradicate polio.
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ืืคืฉืจ ื•ื–ื• ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ื—ืกืœ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื•-
10:38
That will make it the second disease in history.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื—ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
10:41
And David Heymann, who's watching this on the webcast --
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ื•ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืžืŸ, ืฉืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื‘ืงืืกื˜--
10:45
David, keep on going. We're close!
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ื“ื•ื™ื“, ืชืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืš. ืื ื—ื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ื ืฉืืจื• ืœื ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
10:48
We're down to four countries.
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10:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:56
I feel like Hank Aaron.
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืื ืง ืื”ืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืืจื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข.
10:57
Barry Bonds can replace me any time.
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10:59
Let's get another disease off the list of terrible things to worry about.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ืจื™ื“ ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ืœื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื‘ื’ืœืœื.
11:04
I was just in India working on the polio program.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื•.
11:08
The polio surveillance program is four million people going door to door.
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ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื“ืœืช ืœื“ืœืช.
11:13
That is the surveillance system.
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ื–ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘.
11:16
But we need to have early detection, early response.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.
11:20
Blindness, the same thing.
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ
11:21
The key to discovering blindness is doing epidemiological surveys
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ
11:26
and finding out the causes of blindness,
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11:29
so you can mount the correct response.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
11:32
The Seva Foundation was started by a group of alumni
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ืงืจืŸ Seva ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
11:36
of the Smallpox Eradication Programme,
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ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
11:39
who, having climbed the highest mountain,
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ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืกื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
11:42
tasted the elixir of the success of eradicating a disease,
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ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ืืช ืกื ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืžื—ืœื”,
11:47
wanted to do it again.
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ืจืฆื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘.
11:49
And over the last 27 years, Seva's programs in 15 countries
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš 27 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ Seva ื‘15 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
11:53
have given back sight to more than two million blind people.
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ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืžืื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื.
11:57
Seva got started because we wanted to apply these lessons
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช Seva ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
12:01
of surveillance and epidemiology
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ืฉืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
12:03
to something which nobody else was looking at as a public health issue:
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ืœื›ื“ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ืœื ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•
ื›ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ,
12:07
blindness, which heretofore had been thought of only as a clinical disease.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืžื—ืœื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
12:12
In 1980, Steve Jobs gave me that computer, which is Apple number 12,
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ื‘1980, ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืืคืœ ืžืกืคืจ 12,
ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื˜ืžื ื“ื•, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“,
12:19
and it's still in Kathmandu, and it's still working,
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12:21
and we ought to go get it and auction it off and make more money for Seva.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืœSeva.
12:26
And we conducted the first Nepal survey ever done for health,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ืกืงืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื ืคืืœ ืื™ ืคืขื,
12:30
and the first nationwide blindness survey ever done,
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ื•ืกืงืจ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื,
12:33
and we had astonishing results.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
12:35
Instead of finding out what we thought was the case --
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืงื•ืจื”-
12:38
that blindness was caused mostly by glaucoma and trachoma --
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ืฉืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื’ืœืื•ืงื•ืžื” (ืœื—ืฅ ืชื•ืš ืขื™ื ื™) ื•ื’ืจืขื ืช (ืžื—ืœื” ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ืช)-
12:42
we were astounded to find out
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ื ื“ื”ืžื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืงื˜ืจืงื˜ (ืขื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ืฉื”).
12:44
that blindness was caused instead by cataract.
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ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืคื ืื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืฆื ืฉื.
12:49
You can't cure or prevent what you don't know is there.
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12:55
In your TED packages there's a DVD, "Infinite Vision,"
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ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช TED ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™.ื•ื™.ื“ื™, "ืจืื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช",
12:59
about Dr. V and the Aravind Eye Hospital.
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ืขืœ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื”"ื— ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื 'ืืจื‘ื™ื ื“'.
13:02
I hope that you will take a look at it.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ื•.
13:04
Aravind, which started as a Seva project,
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'ืืจื‘ื™ื ื“', ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื›ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ Seva,
13:06
is now the world's largest and best eye hospital.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:09
This year, that one hospital will give back sight
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ื”ืฉื ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”
13:12
to more than 300,000 people in Tamil Nadu, India.
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ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž300,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ืืžื™ืœ ื ืื“ื• ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
13:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:20
Bird flu.
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ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื-
13:21
I stand here as a representative of all terrible things --
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13:24
this might be the worst.
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ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:26
The key to preventing or mitigating pandemic bird flu
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืžื ื™ืขื” ืื• ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืคื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช
13:31
is early detection and rapid response.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”.
13:34
We will not have a vaccine or adequate supplies of an antiviral
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื ื˜ื™-ื•ื™ืจืืœื™
13:39
to combat bird flu if it occurs in the next three years.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื•ืฃ ืืช ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืื ื”ื™ื ืชืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
13:43
WHO stages the progress of a pandemic.
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
13:47
We are now at stage three on the pandemic alert stage,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืžืช ืื–ื”ืจืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”,
13:51
with just a little bit of human-to-human transmission,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื- ืœืื“ื,
13:55
but no human-to-human-to-human sustained transmission.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื- ืœืื“ื- ืœืื“ื.
13:59
The moment WHO says we've moved to category four --
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืืจื‘ืข,
14:03
this will not be like Katrina.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจื ื• ื™ืคืกืง.
14:05
The world as we know it will stop.
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14:07
There'll be no airplanes flying.
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช.
14:10
Would you get in an airplane with 250 people you didn't know,
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื˜ื•ืก ืขื 259 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจืช,
14:13
coughing and sneezing,
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ืžืฉืชืขืœื™ื ื•ืžืชืขื˜ืฉื™ื, ื›ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื
14:14
when you knew that some of them might carry a disease that could kill you,
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชืš,
14:17
for which you had no antivirals or vaccine?
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื ื•ื’ื“ืŸ ืื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ?
14:21
I did a study of the top epidemiologists in the world in October.
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ืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ.
14:25
I asked them -- these are all fluologists and specialists in influenza --
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื- ื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืฉืคืขืช-
14:30
and I asked them the questions you'd like to ask them:
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื.
14:32
What do you think the likelihood is that there'll be a pandemic?
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ืžื” ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช?
14:36
If it happens, how bad do you think it will be?
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ืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”, ื›ืžื” ื’ืจื•ืข ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ืขืชืš?
14:39
Fifteen percent said they thought there'd be a pandemic within three years.
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15 ืื—ื•ื– ืืžืจื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
14:43
But much worse than that,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื–ื”,
14:45
90 percent said they thought there'd be a pandemic
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90 ืื—ื•ื– ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
14:49
within your children or your grandchildren's lifetime.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื ืื• ื ื›ื“ื™ื›ื.
14:53
And they thought that if there was a pandemic,
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ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
14:56
a billion people would get sick.
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ืœื•.
14:59
As many as 165 million people would die.
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ืขื“ 165 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืžื•ืชื•.
15:03
There would be a global recession and depression
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืคืœ, ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
15:06
as our just-in-time inventory system
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืœืื™ ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง- ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
15:08
and the tight rubber band of globalization broke,
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ื•ื”ื’ื•ืžื™ื™ื” ื”ื”ื“ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืชืงืจืข,
15:12
and the cost to our economy of one to three trillion dollars
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
15:16
would be far worse for everyone than merely 100 million people dying,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื•ืชื ืฉืœ 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื
15:22
because so many more people would lose their job
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15:24
and their healthcare benefits,
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ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
15:26
that the consequences are almost unthinkable.
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ืฉื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืกื•ืช.
15:30
And it's getting worse, because travel is getting so much better.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
15:36
Let me show you a simulation of what a pandemic looks like.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
15:42
So we know what we're talking about.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ.
15:45
Let's assume, for example, that the first case occurs in South Asia.
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ื ื ื™ื—, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืฉื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”.
15:50
It initially goes quite slowly.
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื“ื™ ืœืื˜.
15:52
You get two or three discrete locations.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื.
15:57
Then there'll be secondary outbreaks, and the disease will spread
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ืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืชืชืคืฉื˜
16:01
from country to country so fast that you won't know what hit you.
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ืžืืจืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ, ืฉืœื ืชื“ืขื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื›ื” ืืชื›ื.
16:06
Within three weeks it will be everywhere in the world.
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ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
16:10
Now, if we had an "undo" button, and we could go back and isolate it
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคืชื•ืจ "ื—ื–ื•ืจ", ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื–ื”
16:16
and grab it when it first started -- if we could find it early,
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ื•ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ. ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื,
16:19
and we had early detection and early response,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช,
16:22
and we could put each one of those viruses in jail --
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื›ืœื•ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื•-
16:25
that's the only way to deal with something like a pandemic.
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ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
16:32
And let me show you why that is.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืš.
16:35
We have a joke.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื”. ื–ื• ืขืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”,
16:36
This is an epidemic curve, and everyone in medicine,
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16:39
I think, ultimately gets to know what it is.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื” ื–ื”.
16:41
But the joke is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืคื™ื“ืžื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื’ื™ืคื”
16:42
an epidemiologist likes to arrive at an epidemic right here
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16:45
and ride to glory on the downhill curve.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื”.
16:48
(Laughter)
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16:49
But you don't get to do that usually.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืชื” ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
16:51
You usually arrive right about here.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืชื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืืŸ.
16:53
What we really want is to arrive right here, so we can stop the epidemic.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื–ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื›ืืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื”.
16:59
But you can't always do that.
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ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
17:01
But there's an organization that has been able to find a way
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืชื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื,
17:04
to learn when the first cases occur,
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17:07
and that is called GPHIN;
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ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• GPHIN.
17:09
it's the Global Public Health Information Network.
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ื–ืืช ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
17:12
And that simulation that I showed you
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ื•ื”ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช,
17:14
that you thought was bird flu -- that was SARS.
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17:16
And SARS is the pandemic that did not occur.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกืืจืก. ื–ื• ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ืงืจืชื”.
17:20
And it didn't occur
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ื”ื™ื ื ืžื ืขื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉGPHIN ืžืฆื ืืช ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืกืืจืก ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช.
17:21
because GPHIN found the pandemic-to-be of SARS
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื–ื”,
17:28
three months before WHO actually announced it, and because of that,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืืจืก.
17:34
we were able to stop the SARS pandemic.
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17:37
And I think we owe a great debt of gratitude
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ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืชื•ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœGPHIN ื•ืœืจื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’'ื•ืŸ,
17:39
to GPHIN and to Ron St. John,
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17:41
who I hope is in the audience some place -- over there --
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื- ื”ื ื” ืฉื
17:45
who's the founder of GPHIN.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืฉืœ GPHIN
17:47
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:48
Hello, Ron!
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ื”ื™, ืจื•ืŸ.
17:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:58
And TED has flown Ron here from Ottawa, where GPHIN is located,
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ื•TED ื”ื˜ื™ืกื• ืืช ืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืืŸ ืžืื•ื˜ื•ื•ื”, ืฉื ืžืžื•ืงืžืช GPHIN
18:03
because not only did GPHIN find SARS early,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉGPHIN ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืกืืจืก ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืืœื
18:07
but you may have seen last week
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ืื•ืœื™ ืจืื™ืชื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืจืืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ,
18:09
that Iran announced that they had bird flu in Iran,
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18:14
but GPHIN found the bird flu in Iran not February 14 --
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ืื‘ืœ GPHIN ืžืฆืื• ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ ืœื ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ, ืืœื ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ.
18:17
but last September.
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18:19
We need an early-warning system
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช
18:22
to protect us against the things that are humanity's worst nightmare.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
18:27
And so my TED wish is based on the common denominator
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฉืืœืช TED ืฉืœื™ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
18:31
of these experiences.
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18:32
Smallpox -- early detection, early response.
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ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช- ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.
18:35
Blindness, polio -- early detection, early response.
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ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืœื™ื•- ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช.
18:39
Pandemic bird flu -- early detection, early response.
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ืžื’ื™ืคืช ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช- ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช.
18:43
It is a litany.
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18:44
It is so obvious that our only way of dealing with these new diseases
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ื–ื” ื›ืœื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
18:49
is to find them early and to kill them before they spread.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืฉื˜ื•.
18:54
So, my TED wish is for you to help build a global system --
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ืื–, ืžืฉืืœืช TED ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืชืขื–ืจื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
18:58
an early-warning system --
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืจืขื”- ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช,
19:00
to protect us against humanity's worst nightmares.
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ืฉืชื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
19:04
And what I thought I would call it is "Early Detection,"
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” 'ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื',
19:11
But it should really be called ...
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” 'ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜' (ืจ"ืช TED)
19:15
"Total Early Detection." [TED]
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19:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
19:18
What?
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:19
(Applause)
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19:26
What?
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19:27
(Applause)
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19:31
But in all seriousness,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช-
19:33
because this idea is birthed in TED,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘TED,
19:36
I would like it to be a legacy of TED, and I'd like to call it
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ TED, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื”
19:42
the "International System for Total Early Disease Detection."
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช -INSTEDD (ื›ืžื• 'ื‘ืžืงื•ื').
19:47
[INSTEDD]
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19:50
And INSTEDD then becomes our mantra.
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ื•ืื– INSTEDD ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
19:58
So instead of a hidden pandemic of bird flu,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช,
20:00
we find it and immediately contain it.
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ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืžื™ื“ ื ื‘ืœื•ื ืื•ืชื”.
20:03
Instead of a novel virus caused by bio-terror or bio-error,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืื• ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
20:08
or shift or drift, we find it and we contain it.
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ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืื• ืกื—ืฃ, ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื ื‘ืœื•ื ืื•ืชื•.
20:13
Instead of industrial accidents like oil spills
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ืื• ื”ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืคืืœ ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
20:15
or the catastrophe in Bhopal,
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20:18
we find them, and we respond to them.
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ื ืžืฆื ืื•ืชืŸ ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ.
20:21
Instead of famine, hidden until it is too late,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืขื‘, ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™, ื ืืชืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘.
20:24
we detect it, and we respond.
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20:29
And instead of a system which is owned by a government,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช,
ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉื—ื‘ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
20:32
and hidden in the bowels of government,
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20:34
let's build an early detection system
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื
20:37
that's freely available to anyone in the world in their own language.
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ืฉื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืคืชื•.
20:41
Let's make it transparent, non-governmental,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืชืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื- ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช,
20:46
not owned by any single country or company,
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ืœื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื”,
20:49
housed in a neutral country, with redundant backup
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ืฉืชืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช, ืขื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ
20:53
in a different time zone and a different continent.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืื—ืจืช,
20:57
And let's build it on GPHIN.
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ GPHIN. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ GPHIN.
20:59
Let's start with GPHIN.
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21:01
Let's increase the websites that they crawl
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื—ืœื ื™ ืจืฉืช ืž20,000 ืœ20 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ.
21:03
from 20,000 to 20 million.
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21:06
Let's increase the languages they crawl
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืข ืœ70, ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
21:09
from seven to 70, or more.
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21:12
Let's build in outbound confirmation messages,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช
21:15
using text messages or SMS or instant messaging
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืก.ืื.ืืก
21:19
to find out from people who are within 100 meters
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ 100 ืžื˜ืจ ืžืฉืžื•ืขื” ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื
21:21
of the rumor that you hear,
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21:23
if it is, in fact, valid.
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ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืชืงืคื”.
21:25
And let's add satellite confirmation.
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™.
21:27
And we'll add Gapminder's amazing graphics to the front end.
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ื•ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืคื™ืงื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื’ืืคืžื™ื™ื ื“ืจ ืœืกื™ื•ื.
21:31
And we'll grow it as a moral force in the world,
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ื•ื ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื›ื•ื— ืขืจื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
21:35
finding out those terrible things
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ืฉืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื,
21:37
before anybody else knows about them,
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21:39
and sending our response to them,
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ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”,
21:42
so that next year, instead of us meeting here,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื›ืืŸ,
21:45
lamenting how many terrible things there are in the world,
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ื•ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
21:49
we will have pulled together,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชืื—ื“, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
21:51
used the unique skills and the magic of this community,
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ื•ื”ืงืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•,
21:55
and be proud that we have done everything we can to stop pandemics,
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ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ืื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช,
21:59
other catastrophes, and change the world, beginning right now.
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ื•ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืจื’ืข ื–ื”.
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
22:05
(Applause)
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22:23
Chris Anderson: An amazing presentation.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžืืœืคืช. ืจืืฉื™ืช,
22:26
First of all, just so everyone understands:
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•, ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”-
22:29
you're saying that by creating web crawlers,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื—ืœื ื™ ืจืฉืช, ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
22:33
looking on the Internet for patterns,
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22:36
they can detect something suspicious
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืชืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™,
22:40
before WHO, before anyone else can see it?
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
22:44
Give an example of how that could possibly be true.
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ืจืง ืชืกื‘ื™ืจ. ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
ืœ.ื‘.: ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืืชื” ืœื ื›ื•ืขืก ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื?
22:48
Larry Brilliant: You're not mad about the copyright violation?
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ื›.ื.: ืœื, ืื ื™ ืžืช ืขืœ ื–ื”.
22:51
CA: No. I love it.
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22:52
(Laughter)
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22:53
LB: Well, as Ron St. John --
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ืœ.ื‘.: ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’'ื•ืŸ- ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืœื›ื• ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื•
22:55
I hope you'll go and meet him in the dinner afterwards and talk to him.
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ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ืื—"ื› ื•ืชื“ื‘ืจื• ืืชื•-
22:58
When he started GPHIN --
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช GPHIN ื‘1997, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช.
23:01
In 1997, there was an outbreak of bird flu -- H5N1.
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23:05
It was in Hong Kong.
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H5N1. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ ืงื•ื ื’. ื•ืจื•ืคื ืžื•ืคืœื ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ ืงื•ื ื’
23:06
And a remarkable doctor in Hong Kong responded immediately,
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ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ 1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
23:10
by slaughtering 1.5 million chickens and birds,
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23:14
and they stopped that outbreak in its tracks.
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ื•ื”ื ืขืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
23:17
Immediate detection, immediate response.
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ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื™ื“ื™, ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
23:21
Then a number of years went by,
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ืื– ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
23:22
and there were a lot of rumors about bird flu.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช.
23:25
Ron and his team in Ottawa began to crawl the web --
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ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื•ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืกืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช,
23:29
only crawling 20,000 different websites, mostly periodicals --
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ื•ืจืง ืกืจืงื• 20,000 ืืชืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืงื•ืคื•ื ื™ื,
23:34
and they read about and heard about a concern,
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ื•ื”ื ืงืจืื• ื•ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
23:37
of a lot of children who had high fever and symptoms of bird flu.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื—ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช.
23:42
They reported this to WHO.
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ื”ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™. ืื‘"ืข ื”ืชืžื”ืžื”ื• ืงืฆืช ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื
23:45
WHO took a little while taking action,
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23:47
because WHO will only receive a report from a government,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืจืง ืžืžืžืฉืœื•ืช,
23:51
because it's the United Nations.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืื•"ื.
23:54
But they were able to point to WHO and let them know
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœืื‘"ืข ื•ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื
23:57
that there was this surprising and unexplained cluster of illnesses
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื•ืช ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื•ืœื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ืœื•ืื”
24:02
that looked like bird flu.
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ืฉื ืจืืชื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช.
24:04
That turned out to be SARS.
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ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกืืจืก.
24:05
That's how the world found out about SARS.
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ื›ื›ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกืืจืก.
24:08
And because of that, we were able to stop SARS.
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืืจืก.
24:11
Now, what's really important is that, before there was GPHIN,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืช GPHIN,
24:15
100 percent of all the world's reports of bad things --
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100 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื-
24:19
whether you're talking about famine
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจืขื‘ ืื• ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช
24:21
or you're talking about bird flu or you're talking about Ebola --
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ืื• ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื”-
24:24
100 percent of all those reports came from nations.
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100 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืื•ืžื•ืช.
24:27
The moment these guys in Ottawa --
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ 800 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”,
24:29
on a budget of 800,000 dollars a year -- got cracking,
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, 75 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžGPHIN,
24:33
75 percent of all the reports in the world came from GPHIN,
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24:37
25 percent of all the reports in the world
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25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
24:40
came from all the other 180 nations.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ 180 ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช.
24:43
Now, here's what's really interesting:
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
24:45
after they'd been working for a couple years,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
24:48
what do you think happened to those nations?
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ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืจื” ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•?
24:50
They felt pretty stupid.
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24:51
So they started sending in their reports early.
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ื”ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ืื– ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
24:53
And now, their reporting percentage is down to 50 percent,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืœ50 ืื—ื•ื–
24:57
because other nations have started to report.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื“ื•ื•ื—.
25:00
So, can you find diseases early by crawling the web?
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ืื–, ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช?
25:04
Of course you can.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ. ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžืžื” ืฉGPHIN ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื?
25:05
Can you find it even earlier than GPHIN does now?
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25:08
Of course you can.
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25:09
You saw that they found SARS using their Chinese web crawler
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ. ืจืื™ืชื ืฉืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืกืืจืก
ื›ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื—ืœื ื™ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ื
25:14
a full six weeks before they found it using their English web crawler.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฆืื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ื—ืœื ื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
25:19
Well, they're only crawling in seven languages.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืจืง ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืคื•ืช.
25:22
These bad viruses really don't have any intention
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ืœื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข
25:24
of showing up first in English or Spanish or French.
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ืื• ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช.
25:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ืื–, ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช GPHIN, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”,
25:29
So yes, I want to take GPHIN, I want to build on it.
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25:34
I want to add all the languages of the world that we possibly can.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืจืง ื ืฆืœื™ื—,
25:37
I want to make this open to everybody,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื— ืœื›ื•ืœื
25:40
so that the health officer in Nairobi or in Patna, Bihar
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืื• ื‘ืคื˜ื ื”, ื‘ื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ื”ืืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•
25:43
will have as much access to it as the folks in Ottawa or in CDC.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื•ื”, ืื• ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืœื‘ืงืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืขืชืŸ,
25:47
And I want to make it part of our culture
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•- ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื”ื™ืœื”
25:50
that there is a community of people who are watching out
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
25:53
for the worst nightmares of humanity,
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25:56
and that it's accessible to everyone.
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ื•ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ืœื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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