Larry Brilliant: TED Prize wish: Help stop the next pandemic

245,913 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sinae Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:25
I'm the luckiest guy in the world.
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์ €๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
I got to see the last case of killer smallpox in the world.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋•…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด ์ธ๋„์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
00:33
I was in India this past year,
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์ €๋Š” ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ‡ด์น˜๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
and I may have seen the last cases of polio in the world.
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00:40
There's nothing that makes you feel more --
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
the blessing and the honor of working in a program like that --
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์•…๋ชฝ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋”์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:48
than to know that something that horrible no longer exists.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์˜จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ถ•๋ณต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜๊ด‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
So I'm going to tell you --
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€--(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)--
00:53
(Applause)
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00:56
so I'm going to show you some dirty pictures.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ ์ข€ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
They are difficult to watch, but you should look at them with optimism,
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๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ข€ ๊ดด๋กœ์šฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํฌ๋ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
because the horror of these pictures will be matched
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋งŒํผ
01:10
by the uplifting quality of knowing that they no longer exist.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ•œ์ธต ๋” ๋†’์—ฌ ์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
But first, I'm going to tell you a little bit about my own journey.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ๋จผ์ €, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์–ด์˜จ ๊ธธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
My background is not exactly the conventional medical education
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์ œ ์˜ํ•™์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:23
that you might expect.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
When I was an intern in San Francisco,
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์ธํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
01:31
I heard about a group of Native Americans who had taken over Alcatraz Island,
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์•Œ์นดํŠธ๋ผ์ฆˆ ์„ฌ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:34
and a Native American who wanted to give birth on that island,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ์•Œ์นดํŠธ๋ผ์ฆˆ์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
and no other doctor wanted to go and help her give birth.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ๋„์šฐ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทธ ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:42
I went out to Alcatraz, and I lived on the island for several weeks.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์นดํŠธ๋ผ์ฆˆ ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
She gave birth; I caught the baby; I got off the island;
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์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋’ค ์„ฌ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
I landed in San Francisco;
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์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ž ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ์ €์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:51
and all the press wanted to talk to me,
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01:53
because my three weeks on the island made me an expert in Indian affairs.
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์•Œ์นดํŠธ๋ผ์ฆˆ ์ง€๋‚ธ 3์ฃผ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ €๋Š” ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
(Laughter)
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01:58
I wound up on every television show.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ‹ฐ๋น„์‡ผ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:00
Someone saw me on television; they called me up; and they asked me
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ํ‹ฐ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
if I'd like to be in a movie and to play a young doctor
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์ค‘ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์ Š์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ถœ์—ฐํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
for a bunch of rock and roll stars who were traveling in a bus ride
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๋ก์•ค๋กค ์Šคํƒ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์˜๊ตญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ ์—ญํ• ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
from San Francisco to England.
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์ €๋Š” ํ”์พŒํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ œ์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
And I said, yes, I would do that,
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02:13
so I became the doctor in an absolutely awful movie
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์˜ํ™”์— ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ถœ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
called "Medicine Ball Caravan."
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์ œ๋ชฉ์€ "Medicine Ball Caravan"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
(Laughter)
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02:20
Now, you know from the '60s,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ 60๋…„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
you're either on the bus or you're off the bus; I was on the bus.
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์‹œ๋Œ€์— ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋•Œ์˜€์ฃ .
02:24
My wife of 37 years and I joined the bus.
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์ €๋Š” ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์™€ ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ์ง€ 37๋…„์ด ๋๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Our bus ride took us from San Francisco to London,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋Š” ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
then we switched buses at the big pond.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„ ํƒ”์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋” ํƒ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
We then got on two more buses
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ํ„ฐํ‚ค, ์ด๋ž€, ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์„ ์ง€๋‚˜
02:36
and we drove through Turkey and Iran, Afghanistan,
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์นด์ด๋ฒ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ Š์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
over the Khyber Pass into Pakistan, like every other young doctor.
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02:43
This is us at the Khyber Pass, and that's our bus.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์นด์ด๋ฒ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์ €์™€ ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ณ  ์ € ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ”๋˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
We had some difficulty getting over the Khyber Pass.
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์นด์ด๋ฒ ๋ฅด ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:49
But we wound up in India.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ธ๋„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
And then, like everyone else in our generation,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
02:53
we went to live in a Himalayan monastery.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ํžˆ๋ง๋ผ์•ผ์˜ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋„์›์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:59
This is just like a residency program,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ์ฃผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ
03:01
for those of you that are in medical school.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นด๋กค๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ํ˜„์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
And we studied with a wise man, a guru named Karoli Baba,
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03:10
who then told me to get rid of the dress,
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์ด ์ €๋ณด๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์šด์€ ๋˜์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:13
put on a three-piece suit,
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์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ
03:15
go join the United Nations as a diplomat
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์œ ์—”์˜ ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€์ด ๋˜์–ด
์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
and work for the World Health Organization.
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03:21
And he made an outrageous prediction that smallpox would be eradicated,
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ ˆ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์˜ˆ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
and that this was God's gift to humanity,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ๋กœ
03:28
because of the hard work of dedicated scientists.
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ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
And that prediction came true.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์–ธ์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ผฌ๋งˆ๋Š” ๋ผํžˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐ”๋ˆ„๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๋…€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
This little girl is Rahima Banu,
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03:36
and she was the last case of killer smallpox in the world.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ํ™˜์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
And this document is the certificate that the global commission signed,
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์ด ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ๋กœ
03:45
certifying the world to have eradicated the first disease in history.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด์น˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜จ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
The key to eradicating smallpox was early detection, early response.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ํ‡ด์น˜์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€, ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
I'm going to ask you to repeat that: early detection, early response.
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์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€, ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:01
Can you say that?
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์ž, ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ์ฃ ?
04:02
Audience: Early detection, early response.
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์ฒญ์ค‘: ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€, ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘
04:05
Larry Brilliant: Smallpox was the worst disease in history.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
It killed more people than all the wars in history.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
In the last century, it killed 500 million people.
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋Š” 5์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
You're reading about Larry Page already.
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด --๋ฒŒ์จ ๋ž˜๋ฆฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ตฐ์š”.
04:19
Somebody reads very fast.
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์ •๋ง ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:21
(Laughter)
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๋ž˜๋ฆฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์™€ ์„ธ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์ด ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
04:23
In the year that Larry Page and Sergey Brin --
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04:25
with whom I have a certain affection and a new affiliation --
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์• ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
in the year in which they were born,
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์ด ๋‘˜์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•ด์—
2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:31
two million people died of smallpox.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1980๋…„์— ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณตํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
We declared smallpox eradicated in 1980.
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04:38
This is the most important slide that I've ever seen in public health,
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์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
[Sovereigns killed by smallpox] because it shows you
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์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์•„๋„
04:44
to be the richest and the strongest,
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04:46
and to be kings and queens of the world,
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์™•์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์™•์ด๋ผ ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„
04:48
did not protect you from dying of smallpox.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
Never can you doubt that we are all in this together.
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์ด ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์‹ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
But to see smallpox from the perspective of a sovereign
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:59
is the wrong perspective.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
You should see it from the perspective of a mother,
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
watching her child develop this disease and standing by helplessly.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด ๊ณ์—์„œ ์†์ˆ˜๋ฌด์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Day one, day two, day three,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์žฅ๋ฉด๋“ค์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ, ์ดํ‹€, ์‚ฌํ˜, ๋‚˜ํ˜, ๋‹ท์ƒˆ, ์—ฟ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
day four, day five, day six.
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05:19
You're a mother and you're watching your child,
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ํ•œ ์•„์ด์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:22
and on day six, you see pustules that become hard.
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6์ผ ์งธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ ๊ณ ๋ฆ„์ด ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
7์ผ ์งธ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ์ž๊ตญ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Day seven, they show the classic scars of smallpox umbilication.
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05:33
Day eight.
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์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ 8์ผ ์งธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
And Al Gore said earlier
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์•Œ ๊ณ ์–ด ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐํžˆ๊ณ ,
05:36
that the most photographed image in the world,
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05:39
the most printed image in the world,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด
05:40
was that of the Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 1974๋…„ ์ฐํžŒ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
But this was in 1974, and as of that moment,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
05:45
this photograph was the photograph that was the most widely printed,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
because we printed two billion copies of this photograph,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ 20์–ต ์žฅ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:52
and we took them hand to hand, door to door,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ํ˜ธํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ์‹๊ตฌ์ค‘์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
to show people and ask them if there was smallpox in their house,
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06:00
because that was our surveillance system.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ €ํฌ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ฐ์‹œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ์—” ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:03
We didn't have Google, we didn't have web crawlers,
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์›น ํƒ์ƒ‰ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
we didn't have computers.
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06:08
By day nine -- you look at this picture and you're horrified;
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์ž, ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ 9์ผ ์งธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
I look at this picture and I say, "Thank God,"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด "ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
because it's clear that this is only an ordinary case of smallpox,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:19
and I know this child will live.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ฃฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:22
And by day 13, the lesions are scabbing, his eyelids are swollen,
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๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ 13์ผ ์งธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์— ๋”ฑ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ๊บผํ’€์ด ๋ถ€์–ด ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
but you know this child has no other secondary infection.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ด ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ 2์ฐจ ๊ฐ์—ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž, 20์ผ์ด ๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰์ƒ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์˜ ์ž๊ตญ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ด๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
And by day 20, while he will be scarred for life, he will live.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์™€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์งˆ์˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
There are other kinds of smallpox that are not like that.
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06:40
This is confluent smallpox,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œตํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
in which there isn't a single place on the body where you could put a finger
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์ด ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์˜จ ๋ชธ์— ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
and not be covered by lesions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Flat smallpox, which killed 100 percent of people who got it.
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ํ”Œ๋žซ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์‹œ ์น˜์‚ฌ์œจ์ด 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ์ฃ .
06:53
And hemorrhagic smallpox, the most cruel of all,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•…์„ฑ์€ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
which had a predilection for pregnant women.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
06:59
I've probably had 50 women die.
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์ œ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 50๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋ฅผ ์•“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
They all had hemorrhagic smallpox.
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07:04
I've never seen anybody die from it who wasn't a pregnant woman.
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์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋ชป ๋ดค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
In 1967, the WHO embarked on what was an outrageous program
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1967๋…„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:12
to eradicate a disease.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ‡ด์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
In that year, there were 34 countries affected with smallpox.
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๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด 34๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
By 1970, we were down to 18 countries.
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1970๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 18๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
1974, we were down to five countries.
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1974๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 5๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์˜€์ฃ .
07:24
But in that year, smallpox exploded throughout India.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํ•ด, ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„ ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ธฐ์Šน์„ ๋ถ€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ ˆ ๋œ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
And India was the place where smallpox made its last stand.
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07:34
In 1974, India had a population of 600 million.
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1974๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ, ์ธ๋„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 6์–ต ๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
There are 21 linguistic states in India,
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์ธ๋„์—๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ณ„๋กœ 21๊ฐœ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ ,
07:40
which is like saying 21 different countries.
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21๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
There are 20 million people on the road at any time,
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์ธ๋„์˜ ์œ ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช… ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
in buses and trains, walking; 500,000 villages, 120 million households,
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๋ฒ„์Šค์™€ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 50๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋งˆ์„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 1์–ต2์ฒœ๋งŒ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
and none of them wanted to report
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘์— ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
if they had a case of smallpox in their house,
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07:57
because they thought that smallpox was the visitation of a deity,
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์ธ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋ฅผ ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Shitala Mata, the cooling mother,
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"์‹œํƒˆ๋ผ ๋งˆํƒ€๋ผ"๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
and it was wrong to bring strangers into your house
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง‘์— ๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
when the deity was in the house.
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์‹ ์ด ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
No incentive to report smallpox.
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08:11
It wasn't just India that had smallpox deities;
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ์‹ ์ด ์ธ๋„์—๋งŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
smallpox deities were prevalent all over the world.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ์‹ ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:18
So, how we eradicated smallpox was --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ํ‡ด์น˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€--์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ค์„œ ๋  ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
mass vaccination wouldn't work.
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08:23
You could vaccinate everybody in India,
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์ธ๋„ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
but one year later there'd be 21 million new babies,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ 2100๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:28
which was then the population of Canada.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
It wouldn't do just to vaccinate everyone.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
You had to find every single case of smallpox in the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด
08:36
at the same time, and draw a circle of immunity around it.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ง€์— ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
And that's what we did.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €ํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ทจํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
In India alone, my 150,000 best friends and I went door to door,
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ๋งŒ, ์ €์™€ 15๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€
๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ํ•œ ์žฅ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ 
08:47
with that same picture,
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08:49
to every single house in India.
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 10์–ต ํ†ต์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์ „ํ™”์กฐ์‚ฌ๋„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
We made over one billion house calls.
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08:54
And in the process, I learned something very important.
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Every time we did a house-to-house search,
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๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
we had a spike in the number of reports of smallpox.
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09:07
When we didn't search, we had the illusion that there was no disease.
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์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
When we did search, we had the illusion that there was more disease.
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ํ•œํŽธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:17
A surveillance system was necessary,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ฐ์‹œ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
because what we needed was early detection, early response.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€, ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
So we searched and we searched,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด,
09:28
and we found every case of smallpox in India.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ์ƒ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
We had a reward. We raised the reward.
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ํฌ์ƒ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๋†’์˜€๊ณ , ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
We continued to increase the reward.
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09:36
We had a scorecard that we wrote on every house.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์นด๋“œ๋„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
And as we did that,
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฑด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ "0"์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
the number of reported cases in the world dropped to zero.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด 1980๋…„ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
And in 1980, we declared the globe free of smallpox.
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09:51
It was the largest campaign in United Nations history,
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์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์Ÿ ์ด์ „์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ์ค‘ ์œ ์—” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
until the Iraq war.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์ธ์›์ด 15๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:58
150,000 people from all over the world --
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10:02
doctors of every race, religion, culture and nation,
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์ธ์ข…, ์ข…๊ต, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
10:04
who fought side by side, brothers and sisters,
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ํ˜•์ œ,์ž๋งค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜
10:09
with each other, not against each other,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๋Œ€์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
in a common cause to make the world better.
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10:16
But smallpox was the fourth disease that was intended for eradication.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๋Š” ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ‡ด์น˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
We failed three other times.
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์ด์ „ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์šด๋™์€ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
We failed against malaria, yellow fever and yaws.
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ํ™ฉ์—ด๋ณ‘, ๋งค์ข… ํ‡ด์น˜๋Š” ์‹คํŒจ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:25
But soon we may see polio eradicated.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„๋Š” ๊ทผ์ ˆ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
But the key to eradicating polio is early detection, early response.
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์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๊ทผ์ ˆ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€, ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
This may be the year we eradicate polio.
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๊ทผ์ ˆ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
That will make it the second disease in history.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋‘๋ฒˆ ์งธ๋กœ ๊ทผ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
And David Heymann, who's watching this on the webcast --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ํ—ค์ด๋งจ์ด ์›น์บ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:45
David, keep on going. We're close!
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ, ๋ถ€๋”” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ๋ง๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” 4๊ฐœ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
We're down to four countries.
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10:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:56
I feel like Hank Aaron.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰ํฌ ์•„๋ก ์ด ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณธ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Barry Bonds can replace me any time.
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10:59
Let's get another disease off the list of terrible things to worry about.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋‚จ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ผ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
I was just in India working on the polio program.
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์ €๋Š” ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
The polio surveillance program is four million people going door to door.
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์ด ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—๋Š” 4๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
That is the surveillance system.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
But we need to have early detection, early response.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถœ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
Blindness, the same thing.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ด์‡ ๋„
11:21
The key to discovering blindness is doing epidemiological surveys
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์—ญํ•  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
11:26
and finding out the causes of blindness,
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11:29
so you can mount the correct response.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
The Seva Foundation was started by a group of alumni
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์„ธ๋ฐ” ์žฌ๋‹จ์€
11:36
of the Smallpox Eradication Programme,
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘ ๊ทผ์ ˆ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
who, having climbed the highest mountain,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ํฌ๋ง๋ผ์•ผ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋ด‰์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ
11:42
tasted the elixir of the success of eradicating a disease,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ‡ด์น˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ๋ช…์•ฝ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
wanted to do it again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๋˜ํ’€์ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
And over the last 27 years, Seva's programs in 15 countries
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 27๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ 15๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์„ธ๋ฐ” ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€
11:53
have given back sight to more than two million blind people.
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2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์•„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
Seva got started because we wanted to apply these lessons
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์„ธ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
12:01
of surveillance and epidemiology
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ฐ์‹œ์™€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
to something which nobody else was looking at as a public health issue:
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„
๊ณต๊ณต๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
blindness, which heretofore had been thought of only as a clinical disease.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ์ž„์ƒ์  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์™”์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:12
In 1980, Steve Jobs gave me that computer, which is Apple number 12,
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1980๋…„ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์žก์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์• ํ”Œ ๋„˜๋ฒ„12๋ž€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์นดํŠธ๋งŒ๋‘์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:19
and it's still in Kathmandu, and it's still working,
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12:21
and we ought to go get it and auction it off and make more money for Seva.
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๊ทธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋งค์— ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ์„ธ๋ฐ”์žฌ๋‹จ์— ์“ธ ๋ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
And we conducted the first Nepal survey ever done for health,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋„คํŒ”์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
and the first nationwide blindness survey ever done,
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์ „ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์•  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
and we had astonishing results.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
Instead of finding out what we thought was the case --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
that blindness was caused mostly by glaucoma and trachoma --
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์ฃผ ์›์ธ์ด ๋…น๋‚ด์žฅ๊ณผ ํŠธ๋ผ์ฝ”๋งˆ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:42
we were astounded to find out
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๋˜ ๋ฐฑ๋‚ด์žฅ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋†€๋žŒ์„ ๊ธˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
that blindness was caused instead by cataract.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:49
You can't cure or prevent what you don't know is there.
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12:55
In your TED packages there's a DVD, "Infinite Vision,"
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹  TED package์—๋Š” "Infinite Vision,"์ด๋ผ๋Š” DVD๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
about Dr. V and the Aravind Eye Hospital.
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๋‹ฅํ„ฐ V์™€ Aravind Eye Hospital์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
I hope that you will take a look at it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Aravind, which started as a Seva project,
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Aravind๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฐ” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด,
13:06
is now the world's largest and best eye hospital.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€, ๋˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์•ˆ๊ณผ๋ณ‘์›์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
This year, that one hospital will give back sight
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์˜ฌ ํ•œํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๋„ ํƒ€๋ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋‘์— Aravind ๋ณ‘์› ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
13:12
to more than 300,000 people in Tamil Nadu, India.
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30๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:20
Bird flu.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋…๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
I stand here as a representative of all terrible things --
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13:24
this might be the worst.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์•…์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
The key to preventing or mitigating pandemic bird flu
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
13:31
is early detection and rapid response.
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์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€์™€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
We will not have a vaccine or adequate supplies of an antiviral
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์‚ผ ๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋…๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
13:39
to combat bird flu if it occurs in the next three years.
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
WHO stages the progress of a pandemic.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
We are now at stage three on the pandemic alert stage,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
with just a little bit of human-to-human transmission,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „์—ผ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ
13:55
but no human-to-human-to-human sustained transmission.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ „์—ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
The moment WHO says we've moved to category four --
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
14:03
this will not be like Katrina.
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ•  ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
The world as we know it will stop.
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14:07
There'll be no airplanes flying.
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ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์šดํ•ญ๋„ ์ „๋ฉด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Would you get in an airplane with 250 people you didn't know,
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250๋ช…์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:13
coughing and sneezing,
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์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์นจ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›Œ์ฉ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
14:14
when you knew that some of them might carry a disease that could kill you,
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๋‚˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
for which you had no antivirals or vaccine?
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
14:21
I did a study of the top epidemiologists in the world in October.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10์›” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ถŒ์œ„์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘ํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
I asked them -- these are all fluologists and specialists in influenza --
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ง€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
14:30
and I asked them the questions you'd like to ask them:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
What do you think the likelihood is that there'll be a pandemic?
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€.
14:36
If it happens, how bad do you think it will be?
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ผ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
Fifteen percent said they thought there'd be a pandemic within three years.
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15ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ผ๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
But much worse than that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋” ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
14:45
90 percent said they thought there'd be a pandemic
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90ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด
14:49
within your children or your grandchildren's lifetime.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž๋…€ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
And they thought that if there was a pandemic,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
14:56
a billion people would get sick.
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10์–ต ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋˜๊ณ 
14:59
As many as 165 million people would die.
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์ž๊ทธ๋งˆ์น˜ 1์–ต 6500๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
There would be a global recession and depression
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์นจ์ฒด์™€ ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
as our just-in-time inventory system
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์ ๊ธฐ์กฐ๋‹ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ
15:08
and the tight rubber band of globalization broke,
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๊ทน์— ๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
and the cost to our economy of one to three trillion dollars
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์†์‹ค์ด 1์กฐ์—์„œ 3์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ
15:16
would be far worse for everyone than merely 100 million people dying,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ 1์–ต ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž…๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
15:22
because so many more people would lose their job
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15:24
and their healthcare benefits,
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์˜๋ฃŒํ˜œํƒ๋„ ๋ชป ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:26
that the consequences are almost unthinkable.
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ํŒŒ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
And it's getting worse, because travel is getting so much better.
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์—ฌํ–‰์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ .
15:36
Let me show you a simulation of what a pandemic looks like.
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
So we know what we're talking about.
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์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•… ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
Let's assume, for example, that the first case occurs in South Asia.
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์ž, ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:50
It initially goes quite slowly.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฝค ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
You get two or three discrete locations.
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๋‘ ์„ธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
Then there'll be secondary outbreaks, and the disease will spread
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ 2์ฐจ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
from country to country so fast that you won't know what hit you.
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ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ํ™•์‚ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๋ชป์ฐจ๋ฆด ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
Within three weeks it will be everywhere in the world.
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์‚ผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด ์ด ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
Now, if we had an "undo" button, and we could go back and isolate it
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์ž, ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
16:16
and grab it when it first started -- if we could find it early,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์žก์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:19
and we had early detection and early response,
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๋˜, ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:22
and we could put each one of those viruses in jail --
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๊ฐ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ --
16:25
that's the only way to deal with something like a pandemic.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
And let me show you why that is.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
We have a joke.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์˜ํ•™๊ณ„์— ๋ชธ๋‹ด์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
16:36
This is an epidemic curve, and everyone in medicine,
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16:39
I think, ultimately gets to know what it is.
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์ด ๊ณก์„ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
But the joke is,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ํ•™์ž๋Š” ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
16:42
an epidemiologist likes to arrive at an epidemic right here
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16:45
and ride to glory on the downhill curve.
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์ด ์ง€์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ํ•˜ํ–ฅ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
(Laughter)
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16:49
But you don't get to do that usually.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐ”๋žจ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
16:51
You usually arrive right about here.
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ด ์ •๋„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
What we really want is to arrive right here, so we can stop the epidemic.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
But you can't always do that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
17:01
But there's an organization that has been able to find a way
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
to learn when the first cases occur,
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17:07
and that is called GPHIN;
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GPHIN์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
it's the Global Public Health Information Network.
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด ์ •๋ณด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
And that simulation that I showed you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
17:14
that you thought was bird flu -- that was SARS.
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17:16
And SARS is the pandemic that did not occur.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ค‘์ฆ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ, SARS์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  SARS๋Š” ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:20
And it didn't occur
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์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ SARS๋ฅผ
17:21
because GPHIN found the pandemic-to-be of SARS
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค GPHIN์ด ์„ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์•ž์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
three months before WHO actually announced it, and because of that,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ SARS๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ €์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
we were able to stop the SARS pandemic.
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17:37
And I think we owe a great debt of gratitude
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์ด ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” GPHIN๊ณผ Ron St. John์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋นš์„ ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
to GPHIN and to Ron St. John,
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17:41
who I hope is in the audience some place -- over there --
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๊ด€์ค‘์„์— ์•„๋งˆ ์™€ ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”--์ €๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”--
17:45
who's the founder of GPHIN.
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Ron์€ GPHIN์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:48
Hello, Ron!
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Ron, ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:58
And TED has flown Ron here from Ottawa, where GPHIN is located,
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GPHIN์€ ์˜คํƒ€์™€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ TED๊ฐ€ Ron์„ ์ด๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
because not only did GPHIN find SARS early,
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GPHIN์ด SARS๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
18:07
but you may have seen last week
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์ด๋ž€์— ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
18:09
that Iran announced that they had bird flu in Iran,
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18:14
but GPHIN found the bird flu in Iran not February 14 --
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GPHIN์€ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์„ 2์›” 14์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด 9์›”์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
but last September.
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18:19
We need an early-warning system
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
18:22
to protect us against the things that are humanity's worst nightmare.
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์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
And so my TED wish is based on the common denominator
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์ œ TED wish๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ณตํ†ต๋ถ„๋ชจ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
of these experiences.
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18:32
Smallpox -- early detection, early response.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘--์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€, ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘
18:35
Blindness, polio -- early detection, early response.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• , ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„--์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€, ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘
18:39
Pandemic bird flu -- early detection, early response.
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์œ ํ–‰์„ฑ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ--์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€, ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์‘. ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
It is a litany.
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18:44
It is so obvious that our only way of dealing with these new diseases
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
18:49
is to find them early and to kill them before they spread.
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์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์„œ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:54
So, my TED wish is for you to help build a global system --
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์ด์ œ ์ €์˜ TED wish๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
an early-warning system --
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์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณ  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
19:00
to protect us against humanity's worst nightmares.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
19:04
And what I thought I would call it is "Early Detection,"
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Early Detection์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋ณผ๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
19:11
But it should really be called ...
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ Total Early Detection์ด ๋” ๋งž๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
"Total Early Detection." [TED]
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19:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
19:18
What?
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
19:19
(Applause)
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19:26
What?
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19:27
(Applause)
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19:31
But in all seriousness,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
19:33
because this idea is birthed in TED,
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ TED์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
19:36
I would like it to be a legacy of TED, and I'd like to call it
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TED์˜ ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด
19:42
the "International System for Total Early Disease Detection."
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(International System for Total Early Disease Detection)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
[INSTEDD]
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19:50
And INSTEDD then becomes our mantra.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  INSTEDD๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งŒํŠธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:58
So instead of a hidden pandemic of bird flu,
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์ด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ํ–‰์„ฑ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์ด ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
20:00
we find it and immediately contain it.
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์„œ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
Instead of a novel virus caused by bio-terror or bio-error,
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ ์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
20:08
or shift or drift, we find it and we contain it.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋™๋„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์–ด ์–ต์ œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:13
Instead of industrial accidents like oil spills
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์›์œ  ์œ ์ถœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํŒ”์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์žฌ๋‚œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋„
20:15
or the catastrophe in Bhopal,
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20:18
we find them, and we respond to them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:21
Instead of famine, hidden until it is too late,
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๊ธฐ์•„๊ฐ€ ์†์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:24
we detect it, and we respond.
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20:29
And instead of a system which is owned by a government,
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง ์†์—์„œ ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
20:32
and hidden in the bowels of government,
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20:34
let's build an early detection system
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์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
20:37
that's freely available to anyone in the world in their own language.
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
20:41
Let's make it transparent, non-governmental,
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
20:46
not owned by any single country or company,
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
20:49
housed in a neutral country, with redundant backup
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์ค‘๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์— ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•ด
20:53
in a different time zone and a different continent.
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์™€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
20:57
And let's build it on GPHIN.
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GPHIN์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. GPHIN๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
20:59
Let's start with GPHIN.
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21:01
Let's increase the websites that they crawl
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์›น๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋„ 2๋งŒ์—์„œ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฝ์‹œ๋‹ค.
21:03
from 20,000 to 20 million.
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21:06
Let's increase the languages they crawl
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์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋„ 70๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:09
from seven to 70, or more.
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21:12
Let's build in outbound confirmation messages,
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ํ™•์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ
21:15
using text messages or SMS or instant messaging
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๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋‚˜ SMS ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ์Šคํ„ด์Šค ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ
21:19
to find out from people who are within 100 meters
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ด ๋„๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
21:21
of the rumor that you hear,
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21:23
if it is, in fact, valid.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ง„์ƒ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:25
And let's add satellite confirmation.
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์œ„์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
21:27
And we'll add Gapminder's amazing graphics to the front end.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Gapminder์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์„ ํ”„๋ก ๋“œ ์—”๋“œ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:31
And we'll grow it as a moral force in the world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
21:35
finding out those terrible things
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์„œ
21:37
before anybody else knows about them,
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21:39
and sending our response to them,
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘๋„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”
21:42
so that next year, instead of us meeting here,
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์ด ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ
21:45
lamenting how many terrible things there are in the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ„์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
21:49
we will have pulled together,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํž˜์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ
21:51
used the unique skills and the magic of this community,
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TED์˜ ์ด ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
and be proud that we have done everything we can to stop pandemics,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘๊ณผ
21:59
other catastrophes, and change the world, beginning right now.
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๊ธฐํƒ€ ์žฌ์•™์„ ๋ง‰์•„๋ƒˆ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฟŒ๋“ฏํ•ด ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
22:05
(Applause)
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22:23
Chris Anderson: An amazing presentation.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์ •๋ง ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €,
22:26
First of all, just so everyone understands:
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๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”. ์›น ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
22:29
you're saying that by creating web crawlers,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
22:33
looking on the Internet for patterns,
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22:36
they can detect something suspicious
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์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ง•ํ›„๋ฅผ
22:40
before WHO, before anyone else can see it?
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
22:44
Give an example of how that could possibly be true.
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์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ถ€ํƒ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ž˜๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์–ธ๋“œ: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜๋น  ํ•˜์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
22:48
Larry Brilliant: You're not mad about the copyright violation?
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:51
CA: No. I love it.
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22:52
(Laughter)
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22:53
LB: Well, as Ron St. John --
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๋ž˜๋ฆฌ ๋ธŒ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์–ธํŠธ: ์Œ. Ron St. John ์ด --์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ ๋•Œ Ron์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ
22:55
I hope you'll go and meet him in the dinner afterwards and talk to him.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.--
22:58
When he started GPHIN --
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Ron์ด 1997๋…„ GPHIN์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์„ ๋‹น์‹œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
23:01
In 1997, there was an outbreak of bird flu -- H5N1.
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23:05
It was in Hong Kong.
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H5N1์œผ๋กœ ํ™์ฝฉ์—์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™์ฝฉ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด
23:06
And a remarkable doctor in Hong Kong responded immediately,
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150๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ธˆ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ฒ˜๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
23:10
by slaughtering 1.5 million chickens and birds,
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23:14
and they stopped that outbreak in its tracks.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง‰์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
Immediate detection, immediate response.
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์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง€์™€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
23:21
Then a number of years went by,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค ์ˆ˜๋…„์ด ํ˜๋ €๊ณ 
23:22
and there were a lot of rumors about bird flu.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌด์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
Ron and his team in Ottawa began to crawl the web --
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Ron๊ณผ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ์›น ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:29
only crawling 20,000 different websites, mostly periodicals --
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์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ํ–‰๋ฌผ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 2๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์›น์‹ธ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:34
and they read about and heard about a concern,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
23:37
of a lot of children who had high fever and symptoms of bird flu.
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๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์—ด๊ณผ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:42
They reported this to WHO.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ์•Œ๋ ธ์ฃ . ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
WHO took a little while taking action,
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23:47
because WHO will only receive a report from a government,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:51
because it's the United Nations.
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๋˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์—” ์‚ฐํ•˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
23:54
But they were able to point to WHO and let them know
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ Ron์˜ ์ผํ–‰์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:57
that there was this surprising and unexplained cluster of illnesses
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์˜์™ธ์˜, ์›์ธ ๋ถˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
24:02
that looked like bird flu.
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:04
That turned out to be SARS.
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์ดํ›„ ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด SARS์˜€์Œ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:05
That's how the world found out about SARS.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ SARS๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:08
And because of that, we were able to stop SARS.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ SARS๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:11
Now, what's really important is that, before there was GPHIN,
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์ž, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ GPHIN์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
24:15
100 percent of all the world's reports of bad things --
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์•ˆ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ --
24:19
whether you're talking about famine
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์•„์ด๋“ , ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์ด๋“ ,
24:21
or you're talking about bird flu or you're talking about Ebola --
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๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ณผ๋ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“  --
24:24
100 percent of all those reports came from nations.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:27
The moment these guys in Ottawa --
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์ผ๋…„ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ 80๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์˜คํƒ€์™€์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์ด
24:29
on a budget of 800,000 dollars a year -- got cracking,
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์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์˜ 75ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ GPHIN์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:33
75 percent of all the reports in the world came from GPHIN,
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24:37
25 percent of all the reports in the world
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 25ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š”
24:40
came from all the other 180 nations.
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180๊ฐœ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
24:43
Now, here's what's really interesting:
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:45
after they'd been working for a couple years,
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GPHIN์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•œ์ง€ 2๋…„์ฏค ๋์„ ๋•Œ
24:48
what do you think happened to those nations?
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์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ 180๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
24:50
They felt pretty stupid.
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24:51
So they started sending in their reports early.
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๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
And now, their reporting percentage is down to 50 percent,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ๋Š” GPHIN์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด 50ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ์ค„์—ˆ์ฃ .
24:57
because other nations have started to report.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:00
So, can you find diseases early by crawling the web?
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์›น ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์ฐ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
25:04
Of course you can.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด GPHIN๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊นŒ์š”?
25:05
Can you find it even earlier than GPHIN does now?
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25:08
Of course you can.
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25:09
You saw that they found SARS using their Chinese web crawler
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ณด์…จ๋“ฏ์ด SARS๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
์ค‘๊ตญ ์›น์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
25:14
a full six weeks before they found it using their English web crawler.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์›น ํƒ์ƒ‰๋ณด๋‹ค 6์ฃผ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ผ์ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
25:19
Well, they're only crawling in seven languages.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์›น ํƒ์ƒ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” 7๊ฐœ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:22
These bad viruses really don't have any intention
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ชป๋œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๋•Œ
25:24
of showing up first in English or Spanish or French.
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์˜์–ด๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ๋ถˆ์–ด๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์—†์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ฃ .
25:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” GPHIN์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ GPHIN์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:29
So yes, I want to take GPHIN, I want to build on it.
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25:34
I want to add all the languages of the world that we possibly can.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:37
I want to make this open to everybody,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:40
so that the health officer in Nairobi or in Patna, Bihar
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ๋น„, ํŒŒํŠธ๋‚˜, ๋น„ํ•˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด
25:43
will have as much access to it as the folks in Ottawa or in CDC.
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์˜คํƒ€์™€ ๋˜๋Š” CDC์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
25:47
And I want to make it part of our culture
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
25:50
that there is a community of people who are watching out
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•…๋ชฝ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:53
for the worst nightmares of humanity,
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25:56
and that it's accessible to everyone.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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