The revolutionary power of diverse thought | Elif Shafak

365,795 views ใƒป 2017-10-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: yael ring ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
"Can you taste words?"
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"ื”ืื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžื™ืœื™ื?"
00:15
It was a question that caught me by surprise.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื™.
00:18
This summer, I was giving a talk at a literary festival,
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ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื ืชืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช,
00:22
and afterwards, as I was signing books,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืชืžืชื™ ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื,
00:24
a teenage girl came with her friend,
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ื ื™ื’ืฉื” ืืœื™ ื ืขืจื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื”,
00:27
and this is what she asked me.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื™.
00:29
I told her that some people experience an overlap in their senses
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
00:34
so that they could hear colors
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฆื‘ืขื™ื
00:36
or see sounds,
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ืื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื,
00:37
and many writers were fascinated by this subject, myself included.
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ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื ื™, ืžื”ื•ืคื ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
00:43
But she cut me off, a bit impatiently, and said, "Yeah, I know all of that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื—ืชื›ื” ืื•ืชื™, ืงืฆืช ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื•ืืžืจื”: "ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
00:48
It's called synesthesia. We learned it at school.
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืกื™ื ืกื˜ื–ื™ื”. ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ.
00:51
But my mom is reading your book,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœืš
00:53
and she says there's lots of food and ingredients
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื
00:57
and a long dinner scene in it.
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ื•ืกืฆื ืช ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
00:59
She gets hungry at every page.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืจืขื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ.
01:01
So I was thinking,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
01:02
how come you don't get hungry when you write?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉืืช ืœื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืจืขื‘ื” ื›ืฉืืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช?
01:05
And I thought maybe, maybe you could taste words.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžื™ืœื™ื.
01:08
Does it make sense?"
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™?"
01:10
And, actually, it did make sense,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืžืฉ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™,
01:12
because ever since my childhood,
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ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
01:15
each letter in the alphabet has a different color,
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ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืช ื‘ืืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืจ,
01:18
and colors bring me flavors.
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ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื.
01:21
So for instance, the color purple is quite pungent, almost perfumed,
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ืื– ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืกื’ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฃ, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื‘ื•ืฉื,
01:26
and any words that I associate with purple
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืœ
01:30
taste the same way,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ื˜ืขื,
01:32
such as "sunset" -- a very spicy word.
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ื›ืžื• "ืฉืงื™ืขื”" -- ืžื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืจื™ืคื”.
01:37
But I was worried that if I tell all of this to the teenager,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืืกืคืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื ืขืจื”,
01:41
it might sound either too abstract
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ื–ื” ื™ืฉืžืข ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ ืžื“ื™
01:44
or perhaps too weird,
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืžื“ื™,
01:46
and there wasn't enough time anyhow,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ,
01:48
because people were waiting in the queue,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”.
01:51
so it suddenly felt like what I was trying to convey
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ืื– ืคืชืื•ื ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ
01:55
was more complicated and detailed
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ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜
01:58
than what the circumstances allowed me to say.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ.
02:03
And I did what I usually do in similar situations:
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ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื”:
02:07
I stammered, I shut down, and I stopped talking.
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ื’ืžื’ืžืชื™. ื ืกื’ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืงืชื™.
02:11
I stopped talking because the truth was complicated,
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ื”ืคืกืงืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช,
02:15
even though I knew, deep within,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื,
02:17
that one should never, ever remain silent for fear of complexity.
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ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœืฉืชื•ืง ืžืคื—ื“ ืžืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
02:24
So I want to start my talk today
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื
02:26
with the answer that I was not able to give on that day.
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ืขื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืชืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื.
02:29
Yes, I can taste words --
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžื™ืœื™ื --
02:32
sometimes, that is, not always,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืœื ืชืžื™ื“
02:34
and happy words have a different flavor than sad words.
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ืœืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:38
I like to explore: What does the word "creativity" taste like,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ: ืื™ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ืœื” "ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช",
02:42
or "equality,"
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ืื• "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ",
02:45
"love," "revolution?"
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"ืื”ื‘ื”", "ืžื”ืคื›ื”"?
02:47
And what about "motherland?"
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ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ "ืžื•ืœื“ืช"?
02:50
These days, it's particularly this last word that troubles me.
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
02:54
It leaves a sweet taste on my tongue,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ื˜ืขื ืžืชื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
02:57
like cinnamon, a bit of rose water
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ื›ืžื• ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื•ืจื“ื™ื
03:00
and golden apples.
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ื•ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘ื™ื.
03:01
But underneath, there's a sharp tang,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื—ืช, ื™ืฉื ื” ืขืงื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช.
03:05
like nettles and dandelion.
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ื›ืžื• ืกืจืคื“ ื•ืคืจื— ืฉืŸ ื”ืืจื™.
03:07
The taste of my motherland, Turkey,
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ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœื™, ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”,
03:11
is a mixture of sweet and bitter.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืชื•ืง ื•ืžืจ.
03:15
And the reason why I'm telling you this
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”
03:17
is because I think there's more and more people
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
03:19
all around the world today
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื
03:21
who have similarly mixed emotions
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื
03:24
about the lands they come from.
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื.
03:26
We love our native countries, yeah?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœื ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:29
How can we not?
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื?
03:30
We feel attached to the people, the culture, the land, the food.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœืืจืฅ, ืœืื•ื›ืœ.
03:35
And yet at the same time,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ,
03:36
we feel increasingly frustrated by its politics and politicians,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืœื”,
03:42
sometimes to the point of despair or hurt or anger.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื™ืื•ืฉ, ื›ืื‘ ืื• ื›ืขืก.
03:47
I want to talk about emotions
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
03:50
and the need to boost our emotional intelligence.
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ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:53
I think it's a pity
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื—ื‘ืœ
03:54
that mainstream political theory pays very little attention to emotions.
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ืฉื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžืขื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
04:01
Oftentimes, analysts and experts are so busy with data and metrics
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช
04:06
that they seem to forget those things in life
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ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
04:09
that are difficult to measure
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ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
04:11
and perhaps impossible to cluster under statistical models.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืงื‘ืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.
04:16
But I think this is a mistake, for two main reasons.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ืืช ื˜ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช.
04:20
Firstly, because we are emotional beings.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื.
04:23
As human beings, I think we all are like that.
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ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ืืœื”.
04:26
But secondly, and this is new,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
04:29
we have entered a new stage in world history
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ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
04:32
in which collective sentiments guide and misguide politics
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ื‘ื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ื•ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”
04:38
more than ever before.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
04:41
And through social media and social networking,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื
04:44
these sentiments are further amplified,
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ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืืœื” ืžื•ืขืฆืžื™ื,
04:47
polarized, and they travel around the world quite fast.
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ืžื•ืงืฆื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
04:52
Ours is the age of anxiety, anger,
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื”, ื›ืขืก
04:56
distrust, resentment
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ื ื”,
04:58
and, I think, lots of fear.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืคื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
05:00
But here's the thing:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘:
05:02
even though there's plenty of research about economic factors,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื
05:07
there's relatively few studies about emotional factors.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื
05:12
Why is it that we underestimate feelings and perceptions?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ืœื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช?
05:17
I think it's going to be one of our biggest intellectual challenges,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
05:21
because our political systems are replete with emotions.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
05:26
In country after country,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
05:28
we have seen illiberal politicians exploiting these emotions.
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืื™ื ืฉืžืจื ื™ื ืฉืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
05:33
And yet within the academia and among the intelligentsia,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”,
05:37
we are yet to take emotions seriously.
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ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
05:41
I think we should.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
05:42
And just like we should focus on economic inequality worldwide,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
05:46
we need to pay more attention to emotional and cognitive gaps worldwide
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
05:52
and how to bridge these gaps,
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ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
05:54
because they do matter.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
05:57
Years ago, when I was still living in Istanbul,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ืกื ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ,
06:00
an American scholar working on women writers in the Middle East
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ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœ ืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
06:04
came to see me.
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ื‘ืื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื™.
06:06
And at some point in our exchange, she said,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฉื™ื— ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
06:08
"I understand why you're a feminist,
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"ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืžื” ืืช ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
06:10
because, you know, you live in Turkey."
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืืช ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”".
06:14
And I said to her,
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ื•ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืœื”,
06:15
"I don't understand why you're not a feminist,
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืžื” ืืช ืœื ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
06:17
because, you know, you live in America."
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืืช ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”".
06:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:22
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:25
And she laughed.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆื—ืงื”.
06:28
She took it as a joke,
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ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฆื•ื—ืงืช,
06:29
and the moment passed.
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ื•ื”ืจื’ืข ื—ืœืฃ.
06:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:33
But the way she had divided the world into two imaginary camps,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืœืงื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
06:38
into two opposite camps --
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ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื --
06:40
it bothered me and it stayed with me.
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ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื™ ื•ื–ื” ื ืฉืืจ ืืฆืœื™.
06:43
According to this imaginary map,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•,
06:45
some parts of the world were liquid countries.
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช.
06:49
They were like choppy waters not yet settled.
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ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื ืกื•ืขืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืจื’ืขื•.
06:52
Some other parts of the world, namely the West,
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืขืจื‘,
06:55
were solid, safe and stable.
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ื”ื ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื.
06:59
So it was the liquid lands that needed feminism
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ืื– ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืคืžื™ื ื™ื–ื
07:02
and activism and human rights,
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ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื,
07:04
and those of us who were unfortunate enough
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ื•ืืœื” ืžืืชื ื• ืฉืฉืคืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžื–ืœื ื•
07:07
to come from such places
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ื•ื‘ืื ื• ืžืื•ืชื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
07:09
had to keep struggling for these most essential values.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:13
But there was hope.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
07:15
Since history moved forward,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
07:16
even the most unsteady lands would someday catch up.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื™ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•.
07:21
And meanwhile, the citizens of solid lands
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ื•ื‘ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช
07:24
could take comfort in the progress of history
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื ื—ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
07:28
and in the triumph of the liberal order.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™.
07:31
They could support the struggles of other people elsewhere,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื,
07:35
but they themselves did not have to struggle
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืง
07:39
for the basics of democracy anymore,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
07:42
because they were beyond that stage.
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
07:46
I think in the year 2016,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2016,
07:48
this hierarchical geography was shattered to pieces.
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ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื ืฉื‘ืจื” ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื.
07:54
Our world no longer follows this dualistic pattern
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:58
in the scholar's mind, if it ever did.
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื•ืงืจืช, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืคืขืœื• ื›ื›ื” ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
08:01
Now we know that history does not necessarily move forward.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
08:06
Sometimes it draws circles,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช,
08:08
even slides backwards,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื—ืœื™ืงื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ,
08:10
and that generations can make the same mistakes
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ื•ืฉื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช
08:13
that their great-grandfathers had made.
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ืฉืกื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฉื”.
08:16
And now we know that there's no such thing
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ
08:18
as solid countries versus liquid countries.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช.
08:22
In fact, we are all living in liquid times,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื ื–ื™ืœื”,
08:26
just like the late Zygmunt Bauman told us.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื™ื’ืžื•ื ื“ ื‘ืื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ื— ืืžืจ.
08:30
And Bauman had another definition for our age.
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ืœื‘ืื•ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœื ื•.
08:33
He used to say we are all going to be walking on moving sands.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
08:40
And if that's the case, I think,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ื›ืš, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
08:42
it should concern us women more than men,
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ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
08:45
because when societies slide backwards into authoritarianism,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื—ืœื™ืงื•ืช ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื,
08:49
nationalism or religious fanaticism,
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ืœืื•ืžื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืคื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ืช,
08:52
women have much more to lose.
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ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“.
08:55
That is why this needs to be a vital moment,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื’ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
08:58
not only for global activism,
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ืœื ืจืง ืœืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
09:00
but in my opinion, for global sisterhood as well.
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ืืœื ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ื•ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
09:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:12
But I want to make a little confession before I go any further.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืžืฉื™ืš.
09:15
Until recently, whenever I took part in an international conference or festival,
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ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ ื‘ื›ื ืก ืื• ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
09:21
I would be usually one of the more depressed speakers.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื›ืื•ืช.
09:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:26
Having seen how our dreams of democracy and how our dreams of coexistence
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืื™ืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ื“ื• ืงื™ื•ื
09:32
were crushed in Turkey,
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ื”ืชืคื•ื’ื’ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”,
09:34
both gradually but also with a bewildering speed,
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ืืžื ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืกื—ืจืจ,
09:38
over the years I've felt quite demoralized.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื“ื™ ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืฉืจืื”.
09:41
And at these festivals there would be some other gloomy writers,
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ื‘ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื’ื ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื“ื›ืื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
09:45
and they would come from places such as Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan,
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”, ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
09:50
Bangladesh, Philippines, China, Venezuela, Russia.
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ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ, ื”ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื, ืกื™ืŸ, ื ืฆื•ืืœื”, ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
09:55
And we would smile at each other in sympathy,
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ื•ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื™ื”,
09:58
this camaraderie of the doomed.
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ืื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื.
10:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:02
And you could call us WADWIC:
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืžื‘"ืก ืžืž"ื›:
10:05
Worried and Depressed Writers International Club.
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ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื›ืื™ื.
10:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:11
But then things began to change,
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
10:12
and suddenly our club became more popular,
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™,
10:16
and we started to have new members.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
10:19
I remember --
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช --
10:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:23
I remember Greek writers and poets joined first, came on board.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื™ื,
10:28
And then writers from Hungary and Poland,
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ื•ืื– ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ.
10:32
and then, interestingly, writers from Austria, the Netherlands, France,
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ื•ืื–, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”, ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืฆืจืคืช,
10:37
and then writers from the UK, where I live and where I call my home,
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ื•ืื– ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™,
10:42
and then writers from the USA.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžืืจื”"ื‘.
10:46
Suddenly, there were more of us
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื’ื“ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื
10:48
feeling worried about the fate of our nations
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
10:51
and the future of the world.
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:53
And maybe there were more of us now
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืชื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
10:56
feeling like strangers in our own motherlands.
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ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
11:00
And then this bizarre thing happened.
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ื•ืื– ืงืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
11:02
Those of us who used to be very depressed for a long time,
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ืืœื• ืžืืชื ื• ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ื•ื›ืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“,
11:06
we started to feel less depressed,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื›ืื™ื.
11:08
whereas the newcomers, they were so not used to feeling this way
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืš
11:12
that they were now even more depressed.
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ืื– ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ื›ืื™ื.
11:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:15
So you could see writers from Bangladesh or Turkey or Egypt
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ืื– ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ืื• ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ืื• ืžืฆืจื™ื
11:20
trying to console their colleagues
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ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื ื—ื ืืช ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
11:24
from Brexit Britain or from post-election USA.
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ืžื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืงืกื™ื˜ ืื• ืžืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
11:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:31
But joking aside,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช,
11:32
I think our world is full of unprecedented challenges,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืœื ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื,
11:36
and this comes with an emotional backlash,
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืžื•ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช,
11:39
because in the face of high-speed change,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš,
11:42
many people wish to slow down,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืื˜,
11:44
and when there's too much unfamiliarity,
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
11:46
people long for the familiar.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืœื™ื ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืœื™ื“ื•ืข.
11:49
And when things get too confusing,
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ื•ื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™,
11:51
many people crave simplicity.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืคืฉื˜ื•ืช.
11:54
This is a very dangerous crossroads,
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ืžืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ,
11:56
because it's exactly where the demagogue enters into the picture.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื“ืžื’ื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชืžื•ื ื”.
12:03
The demagogue understands how collective sentiments work
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ื”ื“ืžื’ื•ื’ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
12:07
and how he -- it's usually a he -- can benefit from them.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื -- ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื’ื‘ืจ -- ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื”ื.
12:11
He tells us that we all belong in our tribes,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
12:15
and he tells us that we will be safer if we are surrounded by sameness.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื•.
12:21
Demagogues come in all sizes and in all shapes.
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ื“ืžื’ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช.
12:23
This could be the eccentric leader of a marginal political party
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืืงืฆื ื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื’ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ืช
12:28
somewhere in Europe,
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ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
12:29
or an Islamist extremist imam preaching dogma and hatred,
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ืื• ืื™ืžืื ืืกืœืืžื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื•ืฉื ืื”,
12:35
or it could be a white supremacist Nazi-admiring orator somewhere else.
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ืื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืื ื’ื–ืขืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ, ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ื ืืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
12:41
All these figures, at first glance -- they seem disconnected.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ -- ื ืจืื•ืช ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•.
12:45
But I think they feed each other,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”,
12:47
and they need each other.
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
12:50
And all around the world,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
12:51
when we look at how demagogues talk and how they inspire movements,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื“ืžื’ื•ื’ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช,
12:57
I think they have one unmistakable quality in common:
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื”:
13:01
they strongly, strongly dislike plurality.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืคืœื•ืจืœื™ื–ื.
13:06
They cannot deal with multiplicity.
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืจื‘ ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
13:09
Adorno used to say,
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ืื“ื•ืจื ื• ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ,
13:11
"Intolerance of ambiguity is the sign of an authoritarian personality."
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"ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืžืžืŸ ืœืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื˜ืจื™ืช".
13:18
But I ask myself:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™:
13:19
What if that same sign,
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ืžื” ืื ืื•ืชื• ืกืžืžืŸ,
13:21
that same intolerance of ambiguity --
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ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช --
13:25
what if it's the mark of our times, of the age we're living in?
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ืžื” ืื ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกืžืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื?
13:30
Because wherever I look, I see nuances withering away.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื”, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื.
13:34
On TV shows, we have one anti-something speaker
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ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื ื˜ื™-ืžืฉื”ื•
13:38
situated against a pro-something speaker.
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ืฉืžื•ืฆื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื“-ืžืฉื”ื•.
13:41
Yeah? It's good ratings.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื–ื” ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘.
13:43
It's even better if they shout at each other.
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื”ื ืฆื•ืขืงื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
13:45
Even in academia, where our intellect is supposed to be nourished,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ืฉื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื˜ื•ืคื— ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื•,
13:50
you see one atheist scholar competing with a firmly theist scholar,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงืจ ื“ืชื™,
13:56
but it's not a real intellectual exchange,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื• ืฉื™ื— ืื™ื ืœื˜ืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืืžื™ืชื™,
13:59
because it's a clash between two certainties.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื•ื“ืื•ื™ื•ืช.
14:04
I think binary oppositions are everywhere.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
14:08
So slowly and systematically,
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ืื– ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช,
14:11
we are being denied the right to be complex.
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ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื,
14:16
Istanbul, Berlin, Nice, Paris, Brussels,
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ืื™ืกื˜ื ื‘ื•ืœ, ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ, ื ื™ืก, ืคืืจื™ืก, ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ,
14:19
Dhaka, Baghdad, Barcelona:
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ื“ืืงื”, ื‘ื’ื“ื“, ื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื”:
14:22
we have seen one horrible terror attack after another.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืชืงืคืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื ื•ืจืื™ืช ืื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
14:26
And when you express your sorrow, and when you react against the cruelty,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื˜ืืขื ืืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช,
14:30
you get all kinds of reactions,
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ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
14:32
messages on social media.
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ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
14:34
But one of them is quite disturbing,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื”,
14:36
only because it's so widespread.
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ืจืง ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
14:38
They say, "Why do you feel sorry for them?
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืœืžื” ืืช ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช ืขืœื™ื”ื?
14:43
Why do you feel sorry for them?
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ืœืžื” ืืช ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช ืขืœื™ื”ื?
14:45
Why don't you feel sorry for civilians in Yemen
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ืœืžื” ืืช ืœื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ
14:48
or civilians in Syria?"
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ืื• ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”?"
14:51
And I think the people who write such messages
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื”
14:54
do not understand
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ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
14:55
that we can feel sorry for and stand in solidarity with
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื
15:00
victims of terrorism and violence in the Middle East, in Europe,
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ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
15:05
in Asia, in America, wherever, everywhere,
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ื‘ืืกื™ื”, ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
15:08
equally and simultaneously.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™.
15:11
They don't seem to understand that we don't have to pick one pain
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ื”ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ืื‘ ืื—ื“
15:14
and one place over all others.
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ืื• ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
15:18
But I think this is what tribalism does to us.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื ื•.
15:22
It shrinks our minds, for sure,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
15:24
but it also shrinks our hearts,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•
15:26
to such an extent that we become numb to the suffering of other people.
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ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ืืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืœืกื‘ืœื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:33
And the sad truth is, we weren't always like this.
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ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ืขืฆื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืš.
15:36
I had a children's book out in Turkey,
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”,
15:40
and when the book was published, I did lots of events.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื.
15:43
I went to many primary schools,
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ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื
15:45
which gave me a chance to observe younger kids in Turkey.
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ืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”.
15:49
And it was always amazing to see how much empathy, imagination
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ื•ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืืžืคืชื™ื”, ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ
15:53
and chutzpah they have.
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ื•ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื.
15:55
These children are much more inclined to become global citizens
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื
15:59
than nationalists at that age.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืื•ืžื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
16:02
And it's wonderful to see, when you ask them,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื,
16:04
so many of them want to be poets and writers,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ื,
16:07
and girls are just as confident as boys,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืคื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ื ื™ื,
16:10
if not even more.
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ืื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.
16:12
But then I would go to high schools,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื
16:14
and everything has changed.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
16:16
Now nobody wants to be a writer anymore,
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ื›ืืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืคืจ,
16:18
now nobody wants to be a novelist anymore,
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืจืจ,
16:21
and girls have become timid,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ืกืกื ื™ื•ืช,
16:24
they are cautious, guarded,
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ื”ืŸ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื ืฉืžืจื•ืช,
16:26
reluctant to speak up in the public space,
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ื ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
16:29
because we have taught them --
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ --
16:31
the family, the school, the society --
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” --
16:33
we have taught them to erase their individuality.
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ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
16:37
I think East and West,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘,
16:39
we are losing multiplicity,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
16:41
both within our societies and within ourselves.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžื ื•.
16:46
And coming from Turkey, I do know that the loss of diversity
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
16:50
is a major, major loss.
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
16:53
Today, my motherland became the world's biggest jailer
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
16:56
for journalists,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื,
16:57
surpassing even China's sad record.
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ื”ื™ื ืขืงืคื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืกื™ืŸ.
17:02
And I also believe that what happened over there in Turkey
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืฉื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”
17:07
can happen anywhere.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
17:09
It can even happen here.
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
17:11
So just like solid countries was an illusion,
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ืื– ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื• ื›ืืฉืœื™ื”,
17:15
singular identities is also an illusion,
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ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืืฉืœื™ื”,
17:20
because we all have a multiplicity of voices inside.
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืจื‘ ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
17:25
The Iranian, the Persian poet, Hafiz,
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืคืจืกื™, ื”ืื™ืจืื ื™, ื—ืืคื™ื–,
17:29
used to say, "You carry in your soul every ingredient necessary
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ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ, "ืืชื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื
17:34
to turn your existence into joy.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœืื•ืฉืจ.
17:37
All you have to do is to mix those ingredients."
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ืื•ืชื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื".
17:41
And I think mix we can.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ื‘.
17:43
I am an Istanbulite,
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืกื˜ื ื‘ื•ืœ,
17:46
but I'm also attached to the Balkans,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืœืงืŸ,
17:48
the Aegean, the Mediterranean,
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ืœื™ื ื”ืื’ืื™, ืœื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
17:51
the Middle East, the Levant.
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ืœืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืœื‘ื ื˜.
17:53
I am a European by birth, by choice,
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ืื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ืžืœื™ื“ื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
17:56
the values that I uphold.
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ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจืช.
17:58
I have become a Londoner over the years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
18:01
I would like to think of myself as a global soul, as a world citizen,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
18:05
a nomad and an itinerant storyteller.
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ื ื•ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ื“ื“ืช.
18:09
I have multiple attachments, just like all of us do.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
18:13
And multiple attachments mean multiple stories.
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ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขืŸ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
18:18
As writers, we always chase stories, of course,
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ื›ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
18:23
but I think we are also interested in silences,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื•ืช,
18:26
the things we cannot talk about,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื,
18:28
political taboos, cultural taboos.
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ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืื‘ื• ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื• ื˜ืื‘ื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™.
18:31
We're also interested in our own silences.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
18:35
I have always been very vocal about and written extensively
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขืœ
18:39
about minority rights, women's rights,
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ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื
18:42
LGBT rights.
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ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜"ื‘ื™ื.
18:44
But as I was thinking about this TED Talk,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื,
18:47
I realized one thing:
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื•:
18:49
I have never had the courage to say in a public space
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
18:54
that I was bisexual myself,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื™ืกืงืกื•ืืœื™ืช
18:57
because I so feared the slander
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืžื”ื”ืฉืžืฆื•ืช
19:00
and the stigma and the ridicule
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ื•ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ื•ื”ืœืขื’
19:03
and the hatred that was sure to follow.
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ื•ื”ืฉื ืื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ื”.
19:06
But of course, one should never, ever, remain silent
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืฉื•ืชืงื™ื
19:11
for fear of complexity.
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ืžืคื—ื“ ืžืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช
19:14
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:22
And although I am no stranger to anxieties,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื—ืจื“ื•ืช,
19:25
and although I am talking here about the power of emotions --
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช --
19:29
I do know the power of emotions --
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช --
19:31
I have discovered over time
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
19:33
that emotions are not limitless.
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ืฉืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช.
19:35
You know? They have a limit.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื? ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
19:37
There comes a moment --
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ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข --
19:38
it's like a tipping point or a threshold --
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ื›ืžื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ืื• ืกืฃ --
19:40
when you get tired of feeling afraid,
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ืฉื ืžืืก ืœื›ื ืžืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื“
19:43
when you get tired of feeling anxious.
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ื›ืฉื ืžืืก ืœื›ื ืžืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ืจื“ื”.
19:46
And I think not only individuals,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื ืจืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื,
19:48
but perhaps nations, too, have their own tipping points.
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ืืœื ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืœืื•ืžื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
19:53
So even stronger than my emotions
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™
19:56
is my awareness
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ื–ื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™
19:58
that not only gender, not only identity,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืžื’ื“ืจ, ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”ื•ืช,
20:02
but life itself is fluid.
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ืืœื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื”ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื.
20:05
They want to divide us into tribes,
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื,
20:08
but we are connected across borders.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืœ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
20:11
They preach certainty,
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ื”ื ืžื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช
20:12
but we know that life has plenty of magic
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืกื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
20:16
and plenty of ambiguity.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช.
20:18
And they like to incite dualities,
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ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช,
20:21
but we are far more nuanced than that.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื.
20:25
So what can we do?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
20:26
I think we need to go back to the basics,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืกื™ืก,
20:29
back to the colors of the alphabet.
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืคื‘ื™ืช.
20:32
The Lebanese poet Khalil Gibran used to say,
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ื ื™ ื—ืœื™ืœ ื’'ื•ื‘ืจืืŸ ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ,
20:35
"I learned silence from the talkative
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"ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจืŸ
20:38
and tolerance from the intolerant
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ื•ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืžื—ืกืจ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช
20:41
and kindness from the unkind."
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ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืกืจื™ ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช".
20:43
I think it's a great motto for our times.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœื ื•.
20:47
So from populist demagogues, we will learn
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ืื– ืžื“ืžื’ื•ื’ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœืžื“
20:50
the indispensability of democracy.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
20:53
And from isolationists, we will learn the need for global solidarity.
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ื•ืžื”ื‘ื“ืœื ื™ื ื ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื•ืœื“ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
20:58
And from tribalists, we will learn the beauty of cosmopolitanism
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ื•ืžื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื™ื ื ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืงื•ืกืžื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
21:03
and the beauty of diversity.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืจื‘ ื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
21:07
As I finish, I want to leave you with one word, or one taste.
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ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขื ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ื“, ืื• ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืื—ืช.
21:12
The word "yurt" in Turkish means "motherland."
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื™ื•ืจื˜" ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื” "ืืจืฅ ื”ืื".
21:16
It means "homeland."
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ "ืžื•ืœื“ืช".
21:17
But interestingly, the word also means
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื” ื’ื
21:20
"a tent used by nomadic tribes."
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"ืื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื".
21:23
And I like that combination, because it makes me think
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
21:27
homelands do not need to be rooted in one place.
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ืฉืžื•ืœื“ืช ืื™ื ื” ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
21:31
They can be portable.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ืช.
21:32
We can take them with us everywhere.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืืชื ื• ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื
21:35
And I think for writers, for storytellers,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื, ืื• ืžืกืคืจื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
21:38
at the end of the day,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
21:39
there is one main homeland,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืื—ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช
21:42
and it's called "Storyland."
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ื•ืฉืžื” "ืืจืฅ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื".
21:44
And the taste of that word
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ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช
21:47
is the taste of freedom.
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ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
21:49
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
21:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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