The revolutionary power of diverse thought | Elif Shafak

361,913 views ・ 2017-10-27

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gayun Kim κ²€ν† : Sojeong KIM
00:12
"Can you taste words?"
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"단어λ₯Ό 맛볼 수 μžˆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?"
00:15
It was a question that caught me by surprise.
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μ €λ₯Ό λ†€λΌκ²Œ ν–ˆλ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:18
This summer, I was giving a talk at a literary festival,
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μ§€λ‚œ 여름, λ¬Έν•™ μΆ•μ œμ—μ„œ 강연을 ν•œ 후에
좜판 μ‚¬μΈνšŒλ₯Ό ν•˜λ˜ μ€‘μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:22
and afterwards, as I was signing books,
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00:24
a teenage girl came with her friend,
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ν•œ μ‹­λŒ€ μ†Œλ…€κ°€ μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 닀가와
00:27
and this is what she asked me.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
I told her that some people experience an overlap in their senses
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μ „ κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
색깔을 λ“£κ±°λ‚˜, μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” λ“±
곡감각적인 κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν•˜λ©°
00:34
so that they could hear colors
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00:36
or see sounds,
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00:37
and many writers were fascinated by this subject, myself included.
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μ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λ§Žμ€ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ΄ 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό λŠκ»΄μ™”λ‹€κ³  말해쀬죠.
00:43
But she cut me off, a bit impatiently, and said, "Yeah, I know all of that.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‹€μ†Œ κΈ‰ν•˜κ²Œ 제 말을 끊으며
"λ„€, 저도 그게 곡감각인 건 μ•Œμ•„μš”. ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ λ°°μš΄κ±Έμš”.
00:48
It's called synesthesia. We learned it at school.
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00:51
But my mom is reading your book,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ μž‘κ°€λ‹˜ 책을 μ½λŠ”λ°, κ·Έ 속에 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μŒμ‹, 재료
00:53
and she says there's lots of food and ingredients
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00:57
and a long dinner scene in it.
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그리고 κΈ΄ 저녁 식사 μž₯면이 λ“€μ–΄μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ…¨μ–΄μš”.
00:59
She gets hungry at every page.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 맀 νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ§ˆλ‹€ λ°°κ°€ κ³ νŒŒμ§„λŒ€μš”.
01:01
So I was thinking,
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μ „ μž‘κ°€λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œλŠ” μ™œ 글을 μ“Έ λ•Œ λ°°κ³ νŒŒμ§€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:02
how come you don't get hungry when you write?
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01:05
And I thought maybe, maybe you could taste words.
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μ•„λ§ˆ μž‘κ°€λ‹˜μ€ 단어λ₯Ό μ“°λ©΄μ„œ 맛보지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒ μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
01:08
Does it make sense?"
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말이 λ˜λŠ” κ±° κ°™λ‚˜μš”?"
01:10
And, actually, it did make sense,
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 말이 λ˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•˜μ£ .
01:12
because ever since my childhood,
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어릴 λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μ œκ²ŒλŠ”
μ•ŒνŒŒλ²³μ˜ κΈ€μž ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ 색깔이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
01:15
each letter in the alphabet has a different color,
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01:18
and colors bring me flavors.
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색깔은 맛을 느끼게 ν•΄μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
So for instance, the color purple is quite pungent, almost perfumed,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄, 보라색은
μ–΄λ”˜μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ²Œ κ°•λ ¬ν•˜κ³  ν–₯κΈ°λ‘­μ£ .
01:26
and any words that I associate with purple
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그리고 μ œκ°€ 보라색과 μ—°κ΄€μ§“λŠ” 단어듀도
01:30
taste the same way,
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그런 맛이 λ‚˜λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
such as "sunset" -- a very spicy word.
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"일λͺ°" 같은 κ°•λ ¬ν•œ λ§›μ˜ 단어죠.
01:37
But I was worried that if I tell all of this to the teenager,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ λ§Œμ•½ 이런 이야기λ₯Ό κ·Έ μ†Œλ…€μ—κ²Œ ν–ˆλ‹€κ°€λŠ”
01:41
it might sound either too abstract
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λͺ¨ν˜Έν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 이상할 것 κ°™μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
01:44
or perhaps too weird,
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01:46
and there wasn't enough time anyhow,
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그리고 μ„€λͺ…ν•  μ‹œκ°„λ„ λ³„λ‘œ μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
01:48
because people were waiting in the queue,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 길게 쀄을 μ„œ 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
01:51
so it suddenly felt like what I was trying to convey
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μ œκ°€ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λ €λ˜ 뜻이 상황과 λ§žμ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ
01:55
was more complicated and detailed
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  μ„Έμ„Έν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 느껴쑌죠.
01:58
than what the circumstances allowed me to say.
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02:03
And I did what I usually do in similar situations:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 상황에 λΆ€λ‹₯치면 늘 μ“°λ˜ 방법을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
I stammered, I shut down, and I stopped talking.
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말을 μ’€ 더듬닀가 κ·Έλ§Œλ‘κ³ , μž…μ„ λ‹«μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
I stopped talking because the truth was complicated,
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μ‚¬μ‹€λŒ€λ‘œ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λ©΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ„œ 더 이상 말을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
02:15
even though I knew, deep within,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 게 μ‹«λ‹€κ³  ν•΄μ„œ μž…μ„ λ‹€λ¬Όλ©΄ μ•ˆλœλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ
02:17
that one should never, ever remain silent for fear of complexity.
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잘 μ•Œλ©΄μ„œλ„ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:24
So I want to start my talk today
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 였늘 이 강연을
02:26
with the answer that I was not able to give on that day.
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κ·Έλ‚  ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ λ‹΅λ³€μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Yes, I can taste words --
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λ„€, μ „ λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ 맛을 λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
sometimes, that is, not always,
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항상 그런 건 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ , 가끔은 κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
and happy words have a different flavor than sad words.
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ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ 단어와 μŠ¬ν”ˆ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” κ·Έ 맛뢀터가 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
I like to explore: What does the word "creativity" taste like,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 가끔 μ‹€ν—˜ν•΄λ³΄κ³€ ν•˜μ£ .
"μ°½μ˜μ„±"μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ λ§›μΌκΉŒ?
02:42
or "equality,"
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ "평등"은?
02:45
"love," "revolution?"
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"μ‚¬λž‘"μ΄λ‚˜ "혁λͺ…"은?
02:47
And what about "motherland?"
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그리고 "λͺ¨κ΅­"μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 맛은 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒ?
02:50
These days, it's particularly this last word that troubles me.
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μš”μ¦˜ 이 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 단어가 절 κ³ λ―Όν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
It leaves a sweet taste on my tongue,
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이 λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” ν˜€ 끝에 λ‹¬μ½€ν•œ 맛을 남기죠.
02:57
like cinnamon, a bit of rose water
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μ‹œλ‚˜λͺ¬μ΄λ‚˜ μ•½κ°„μ˜ μž₯미수, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ ν™©κΈˆ μ‚¬κ³Όμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
03:00
and golden apples.
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03:01
But underneath, there's a sharp tang,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ μ•„λž˜μ—λŠ” λ­”κ°€ μ‹Έν•œ 맛이 감돌죠.
03:05
like nettles and dandelion.
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μκΈ°ν’€μ΄λ‚˜ λ―Όλ“€λ ˆμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
03:07
The taste of my motherland, Turkey,
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제 λͺ¨κ΅­, ν„°ν‚€κ°€ λ‚¨κΈ°λŠ” 맛은
03:11
is a mixture of sweet and bitter.
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달고도 μ“΄ λ§›μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
And the reason why I'm telling you this
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μ œκ°€ 이걸 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
03:17
is because I think there's more and more people
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:19
all around the world today
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03:21
who have similarly mixed emotions
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μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺ¨κ΅­μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ €μ²˜λŸΌ λ’€μ„žμΈ 감정듀을
03:24
about the lands they come from.
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가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
We love our native countries, yeah?
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우린 λͺ¨λ‘ μžμ‹ μ˜ 쑰ꡭ을 μ‚¬λž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
How can we not?
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ 그럴 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
We feel attached to the people, the culture, the land, the food.
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우린 그곳의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€, λ¬Έν™”, λ•…, μŒμ‹κ³Ό λ™μ§ˆκ°μ„ 느끼고
03:35
And yet at the same time,
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λ™μ‹œμ— 그곳의 μ •μΉ˜μ™€ μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μ΄ λΆˆλ§ŒμŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œμ„œ
03:36
we feel increasingly frustrated by its politics and politicians,
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03:42
sometimes to the point of despair or hurt or anger.
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가끔은 μ ˆλ§ν•˜κΈ°λ„, μƒμ²˜λ°›κΈ°λ„, λΆ„λ…Έλ₯Ό λŠλΌκΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
03:47
I want to talk about emotions
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μ €λŠ” 였늘 우리의 감정과
03:50
and the need to boost our emotional intelligence.
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우리의 감성 지λŠ₯을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
I think it's a pity
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μ €λŠ” μ£Όλ₯˜ μ •μΉ˜μ  이둠듀이
03:54
that mainstream political theory pays very little attention to emotions.
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감정에 λ³„λ‘œ 관심을 두지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것이
μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œ λŠκ»΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
Oftentimes, analysts and experts are so busy with data and metrics
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λΆ„μ„κ°€λ‚˜ 전문가듀은 주둜
λ°μ΄ν„°λ‚˜ μˆ˜μΉ˜μ—λ§Œ μΉ˜μ€‘ν•˜λ‹€ λ³΄λ‹ˆ
04:06
that they seem to forget those things in life
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ λŠλΌλŠ” 감정은 κ°„κ³Όν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
that are difficult to measure
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감정은 μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μ—†κ³ , 톡계 μ§€ν‘œλ‘œλ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:11
and perhaps impossible to cluster under statistical models.
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04:16
But I think this is a mistake, for two main reasons.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ 두 가지 이유둜 이것이 μ‹€μˆ˜λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
Firstly, because we are emotional beings.
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ €, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 감정적인 쑴재이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:23
As human beings, I think we all are like that.
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인간이라면 λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
But secondly, and this is new,
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두 번째 μ΄μœ λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬μ‹€μΈλ°μš”.
04:29
we have entered a new stage in world history
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  역사에 μžˆμ–΄ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 단계에
μ ‘μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
in which collective sentiments guide and misguide politics
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μ§€κΈˆ μ§‘λ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” 감정듀은
μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄κ°€κ³ , 잘λͺ»λœ λ°©ν–₯으둜 ν–₯ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
more than ever before.
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κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€λ„ λ”μš± κ·Έλ ‡μ£ .
04:41
And through social media and social networking,
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그리고 μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄μ™€ SNSλ₯Ό 톡해
04:44
these sentiments are further amplified,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 감정듀은 더 증폭되고 μ–‘κ·Ήν™”λ˜μ–΄
04:47
polarized, and they travel around the world quite fast.
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μ „ 세계에 맀우 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ νΌμ Έκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
Ours is the age of anxiety, anger,
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우리의 μ‹œλŒ€λŠ”
λΆˆμ•ˆκ°, λΆ„λ…Έ, λΆˆμ‹ , 원망
04:56
distrust, resentment
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04:58
and, I think, lots of fear.
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그리고 λ‘λ €μ›€μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ“ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
But here's the thing:
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ
05:02
even though there's plenty of research about economic factors,
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경제적 μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ„˜μ³λ‚˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:07
there's relatively few studies about emotional factors.
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감성적인 μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄λ„ μ λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 느끼고, μžκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ³Όμ†Œν‰κ°€ ν• κΉŒμš”?
05:12
Why is it that we underestimate feelings and perceptions?
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05:17
I think it's going to be one of our biggest intellectual challenges,
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μ €λŠ” 이것이 우리의 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 지적 과제 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
because our political systems are replete with emotions.
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우리의 μ •μΉ˜ μ²΄κ³„λŠ” κ°μ •μœΌλ‘œ 가득 μ°¨ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
In country after country,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 진보적이지 λͺ»ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μΈλ“€μ΄
05:28
we have seen illiberal politicians exploiting these emotions.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 감정듀을 μ•…μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
And yet within the academia and among the intelligentsia,
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°λ„ 학계와 μ§€μ‹μΈ΅μ—μ„œλŠ”
05:37
we are yet to take emotions seriously.
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아직 감정을 μ§„μ§€ν•˜κ²Œ 닀루지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일은
05:41
I think we should.
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05:42
And just like we should focus on economic inequality worldwide,
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 경제적 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ— 관심을 두어야 ν•˜λŠ” 것과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ
05:46
we need to pay more attention to emotional and cognitive gaps worldwide
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μ „ 세계에 감성적 ν˜Ήμ€ 인지적 격차가 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œκ³ 
05:52
and how to bridge these gaps,
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κ·Έ 격차λ₯Ό 쀄일 방법을 μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
because they do matter.
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
Years ago, when I was still living in Istanbul,
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λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „, μ œκ°€ 아직 μ΄μŠ€νƒ„λΆˆμ— μ‚΄λ˜ 무렡
06:00
an American scholar working on women writers in the Middle East
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μ€‘λ™μ˜ μ—¬μ„± μž‘κ°€λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ˜ ν•œ 미ꡭ인 학생이
06:04
came to see me.
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μ €λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
And at some point in our exchange, she said,
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μž μ‹œ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„λ˜ 쀑에 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 이런 말을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
"I understand why you're a feminist,
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"μ €λŠ” μž‘κ°€λ‹˜μ΄ νŽ˜λ―Έλ‹ˆμŠ€νŠΈμΈ 이유λ₯Ό μ•Œ 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
06:10
because, you know, you live in Turkey."
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λ³΄λ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 터킀에 μ‚¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 그런 κ±°μ£ ."
06:14
And I said to her,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆμ£ .
06:15
"I don't understand why you're not a feminist,
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"μ „ 당신이 μ™œ νŽ˜λ―Έλ‹ˆμŠ€νŠΈκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œμ§€ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ–΄μš”.
06:17
because, you know, you live in America."
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λ³΄λ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 미ꡭ에 μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œλ„ 말이죠."
06:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:22
(Applause)
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06:25
And she laughed.
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그리고 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ›ƒμ—ˆμ£ .
06:28
She took it as a joke,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ†λ‹΄μœΌλ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€κ³ , κ·Έ μˆœκ°„μ€ μ§€λ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
and the moment passed.
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06:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:33
But the way she had divided the world into two imaginary camps,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 우리 세상을 두 가지 κ°€μƒμ˜ μ§„μ˜μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ 
06:38
into two opposite camps --
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두 개의 λ°˜λŒ€ μ§„μ˜μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆˆ 것에
06:40
it bothered me and it stayed with me.
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μ €λŠ” 계속 신경이 μ“°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
According to this imaginary map,
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이 κ°€μƒμ˜ 지도에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
06:45
some parts of the world were liquid countries.
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ‡λͺ‡ 곳듀은 아직 μ•‘μ²΄μ²˜λŸΌ λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ΄κ³ 
06:49
They were like choppy waters not yet settled.
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νŒŒλ„κ°€ μΌλ μ΄λŠ” λ°”λ‹€ 같은 κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
Some other parts of the world, namely the West,
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³, 이λ₯Έλ°” "μ„œμ–‘"이라고 λΆˆλ €λ˜ 곳은
06:55
were solid, safe and stable.
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고체처럼 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  μ•ˆμ •λœ κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
06:59
So it was the liquid lands that needed feminism
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έ μ•‘μ²΄μ²˜λŸΌ λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ λ‚˜λΌλŠ”
νŽ˜λ―Έλ‹ˆμ¦˜κ³Ό μ‚¬νšŒμš΄λ™ 그리고 μΈκΆŒμš΄λ™μ΄ ν•„μš”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
and activism and human rights,
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07:04
and those of us who were unfortunate enough
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그리고 우리처럼 운이 λ‚˜λΉ μ„œ 그런 λ‚˜λΌμ— νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 이듀은
07:07
to come from such places
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07:09
had to keep struggling for these most essential values.
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그런 κ°€μž₯ 근본적인 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 계속 νˆ¬μŸν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
But there was hope.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν¬λ§μ μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 것은
07:15
Since history moved forward,
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μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” μ§„λ³΄ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
07:16
even the most unsteady lands would someday catch up.
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ν˜Όλž€μ˜ λ„κ°€λ‹ˆμ˜€λ˜ 곳듀도 μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” 어렀움을 이겨낼 κ±°λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
And meanwhile, the citizens of solid lands
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λ°˜λ©΄μ—, μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ•ˆμ •λœ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ ꡭ민듀은
07:24
could take comfort in the progress of history
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μ•ˆμ£Όν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ„±μž₯ν•΄ 온 역사와 자유민주적 κΈ°λ³Έμ§ˆμ„œμ˜ 승리 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 말이죠.
07:28
and in the triumph of the liberal order.
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07:31
They could support the struggles of other people elsewhere,
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이제 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œμ˜ νˆ¬μŸμ„ μ§€μ§€ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” 해도
07:35
but they themselves did not have to struggle
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자ꡭ의 기본적인 민주주의λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
07:39
for the basics of democracy anymore,
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더 이상 νˆ¬μŸν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
because they were beyond that stage.
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κ·Έ λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” 이미 μ§€λ‚˜μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
07:46
I think in the year 2016,
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제 생각에, 2016λ…„μ—λŠ”
07:48
this hierarchical geography was shattered to pieces.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 계측을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜λŠ” 지리 μ²΄κ³„λŠ”
이미 산산쑰각났닀고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
Our world no longer follows this dualistic pattern
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μ„Έκ³„λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이뢄법적인 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ λ”λŠ” λ”°λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
in the scholar's mind, if it ever did.
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ν•™μžλ“€μ˜ 관점도 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€μ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
Now we know that history does not necessarily move forward.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 역사가 마λƒ₯ μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ§Œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
Sometimes it draws circles,
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가끔은 μˆœν™˜ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ , 심지어 μ—­ν–‰ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
08:08
even slides backwards,
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08:10
and that generations can make the same mistakes
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그리고 μ–΄λ–€ μ„ΈλŒ€λŠ” 증쑰뢀λͺ¨λŒ€μ— ν–ˆλ˜ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό
08:13
that their great-grandfathers had made.
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또 저지λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
And now we know that there's no such thing
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그리고 μ΄μ œλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ μ•ˆμ •λœ λ‚˜λΌμ™€
08:18
as solid countries versus liquid countries.
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그렇지 μ•Šμ€ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ ꡬ뢄도 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ£ .
08:22
In fact, we are all living in liquid times,
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사싀 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ μ‹œκΈ°μ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
just like the late Zygmunt Bauman told us.
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κ³  μ§€κ·Έλ¬ΈνŠΈ λ°”μš°λ¨Όμ΄ λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ 말이죠.
08:30
And Bauman had another definition for our age.
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λ°”μš°λ¨Όμ€ 우리 μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
He used to say we are all going to be walking on moving sands.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘
μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” λͺ¨λž˜μ‚¬μž₯ μœ„λ₯Ό 걷게 될 거라고 λ§ν•˜κ³€ ν–ˆμ£ .
08:40
And if that's the case, I think,
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λ§Œμ•½ 그게 사싀이라면
남성듀보닀 μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μš°λ €ν•  점이 더 λ§Žλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
it should concern us women more than men,
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08:45
because when societies slide backwards into authoritarianism,
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μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜λ‚˜ κ΅­κ°€μ£Όμ˜
08:49
nationalism or religious fanaticism,
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λ˜λŠ” 쒅ꡐ적 κ΄‘μ‹ μ£Όμ˜λ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„κ°„λ‹€λ©΄
08:52
women have much more to lose.
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여성듀이 μžƒμ„ 것이 훨씬 더 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
That is why this needs to be a vital moment,
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그렇기에 μ „ 세계적인 μ‚¬νšŒμš΄λ™μ€ λ¬Όλ‘ 
08:58
not only for global activism,
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09:00
but in my opinion, for global sisterhood as well.
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μ—¬μ„±λ“€ κ°„μ˜ 결연이 더없이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‹œκΈ°λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
09:12
But I want to make a little confession before I go any further.
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κ³„μ†ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ•žμ„œ μž‘μ€ 고백을 ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
Until recently, whenever I took part in an international conference or festival,
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μ΅œκ·ΌκΉŒμ§€ ꡭ제적인 νšŒμ˜λ‚˜ μΆ•μ œμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
09:21
I would be usually one of the more depressed speakers.
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μ €λŠ” 주둜 μš°μšΈν•œ κ°•μ—°μžλ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:26
Having seen how our dreams of democracy and how our dreams of coexistence
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ν„°ν‚€ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ™€ 곡쑴에 λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 꿈이
09:32
were crushed in Turkey,
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μ°¨μΈ°, 또 λ†€λΌμšΈ μ •λ„μ˜ μ†λ„λ‘œ μ§“λ°Ÿν˜€κ°€λŠ” κ±Έ μ§€μΌœλ³΄λ©°
09:34
both gradually but also with a bewildering speed,
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09:38
over the years I've felt quite demoralized.
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μ „ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘ 쑰금 μ˜κΈ°μ†ŒμΉ¨ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
And at these festivals there would be some other gloomy writers,
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그리고 이런 μΆ•μ œμ—λŠ” μ € 말고도 λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μšΈν•œ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
09:45
and they would come from places such as Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan,
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈλ‚˜ λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„, νŒŒν‚€μŠ€νƒ„, λ°©κΈ€λΌλ°μ‹œ
09:50
Bangladesh, Philippines, China, Venezuela, Russia.
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필리핀, 쀑ꡭ, λ² λ„€μˆ˜μ—˜λΌ, 그리고 λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ λ“±μ—μ„œ 온 μž‘κ°€λ“€μ€
09:55
And we would smile at each other in sympathy,
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μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ—°λ―Ό μ–΄λ¦° λ―Έμ†Œλ₯Ό 보내곀 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
this camaraderie of the doomed.
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λΆˆμš΄ν•œ μ΄λ“€μ˜ 동지애라고 ν•  수 있죠.
10:00
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:02
And you could call us WADWIC:
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그런 우리λ₯Ό WADWIC이라고도 λΆ€λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
Worried and Depressed Writers International Club.
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'근심 많고, μš°μšΈν•œ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ˜ ꡭ제적 λͺ¨μž„'을 쀄인 말이죠.
10:09
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:11
But then things began to change,
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그러던 쀑 λ³€ν™”κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
and suddenly our club became more popular,
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우리의 λͺ¨μž„이 점차 유λͺ…μ„Έλ₯Ό μ–»κ³ 
10:16
and we started to have new members.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 멀버듀을 μ˜μž…ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ£ .
10:19
I remember --
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10:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
10:23
I remember Greek writers and poets joined first, came on board.
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제 κΈ°μ–΅μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 그리슀의 μž‘κ°€λ“€κ³Ό μ‹œμΈλ“€μ΄ λ¨Όμ € μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³ 
10:28
And then writers from Hungary and Poland,
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 헝가리와 ν΄λž€λ“œμ˜ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ΄ μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμ£ .
10:32
and then, interestingly, writers from Austria, the Netherlands, France,
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또 ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„, λ„€λœλž€λ“œ, ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ μž‘κ°€λ“€.
10:37
and then writers from the UK, where I live and where I call my home,
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그리고 제 μ§‘μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ¦„μ—†λŠ” 영ꡭ의 μž‘κ°€λ“€λ„ μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμ£ .
10:42
and then writers from the USA.
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그리고 미ꡭ의 μž‘κ°€λ“€κΉŒμ§€λ„μš”.
10:46
Suddenly, there were more of us
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κ°‘μžκΈ° λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
10:48
feeling worried about the fate of our nations
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자ꡭ의 운λͺ…κ³Ό μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μš°λ €ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
and the future of the world.
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10:53
And maybe there were more of us now
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그리고 μ•„λ§ˆ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
10:56
feeling like strangers in our own motherlands.
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λͺ¨κ΅­μ— 가도 이방인이 된 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λŠκΌˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:00
And then this bizarre thing happened.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹€κ°€ 쑰금 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 일이 일어났죠.
11:02
Those of us who used to be very depressed for a long time,
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였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ„ μš°μšΈν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ˜¨ μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€
11:06
we started to feel less depressed,
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μš°μšΈν•¨μ„ 덜게 λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
11:08
whereas the newcomers, they were so not used to feeling this way
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λ°˜λ©΄μ—, μš°μšΈν•¨μ„ λŠλΌλŠ” 게 그리 μ΅μˆ™μΉ˜ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ μƒˆ 멀버듀이
11:12
that they were now even more depressed.
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μ˜ˆμ „λ³΄λ‹€ 더 μš°μšΈν•΄μ‘Œμ£ .
11:14
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:15
So you could see writers from Bangladesh or Turkey or Egypt
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ°©κΈ€λΌλ°μ‹œλ‚˜ ν„°ν‚€, μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ˜ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ΄
11:20
trying to console their colleagues
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λΈŒλ ‰μ‹œνŠΈ μ΄ν›„μ˜ 영ꡭ λ˜λŠ” νŠΈλŸΌν”„ μ„ κ±° μ΄ν›„μ˜
11:24
from Brexit Britain or from post-election USA.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ 온 λ™λ£Œ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ„ μœ„λ‘œν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
11:28
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:31
But joking aside,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ μž μ‹œ 농담은 μ ‘μ–΄λ‘κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
I think our world is full of unprecedented challenges,
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μ§€κΈˆ μ„Έκ³„λŠ” μ „λ‘€μ—†λŠ” 어렀움에 맞λ‹₯뜨렸고
11:36
and this comes with an emotional backlash,
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μ΄λŠ” 감정을 λ™λ°˜ν•œ λ°˜μž‘μš©μ„ κ°€μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
because in the face of high-speed change,
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λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œλŒ€ μ†μ—μ„œ
11:42
many people wish to slow down,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ’€ 더 느리게 κ°€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•˜κ³ 
11:44
and when there's too much unfamiliarity,
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λ‚―μ„  것듀에 λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έμ˜€μ„ λ•Œ
11:46
people long for the familiar.
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보닀 μ΅μˆ™ν•œ 것을 μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
And when things get too confusing,
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그리고 일이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ§ˆ λ•Œλ©΄
11:51
many people crave simplicity.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 보닀 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ κ±Έ μ°Ύμ£ .
11:54
This is a very dangerous crossroads,
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μ§€κΈˆ 우린 맀우 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κ°ˆλ¦ΌκΈΈμ— μ„œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:56
because it's exactly where the demagogue enters into the picture.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ 선동가듀이 λ“±μž₯ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
12:03
The demagogue understands how collective sentiments work
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선동가듀은 집단 κ°μ„±μ˜ 원리λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ 
12:07
and how he -- it's usually a he -- can benefit from them.
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κ·Έλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μžμ‹ μ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이읡을 μ±™κΈΈ 수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
He tells us that we all belong in our tribes,
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μ„ λ™κ°€λŠ” 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ 집단에 μ†ν•˜κ³ 
12:15
and he tells us that we will be safer if we are surrounded by sameness.
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동일함에 λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹ΈμΌ λ•Œ 더 μ•ˆμ „ν•  거라고 λ§ν•˜μ£ .
12:21
Demagogues come in all sizes and in all shapes.
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선동가듀은 맀우 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
This could be the eccentric leader of a marginal political party
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유럽 μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ—μ„œ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 정당을 μ΄λ„λŠ” λ³„λ‚œ μ •μΉ˜μΈμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
12:28
somewhere in Europe,
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12:29
or an Islamist extremist imam preaching dogma and hatred,
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λ˜λŠ” 독단적인 ꡐ리와 증였λ₯Ό μ „νŒŒν•˜λŠ”
이슬람 κ·Ήλ‹¨μ£Όμ˜ 쒅ꡐ μ§€λ„μžμ΄κ±°λ‚˜
12:35
or it could be a white supremacist Nazi-admiring orator somewhere else.
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μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μΉ˜μ¦˜μ„ μˆ­λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 백인 μš°μ›”μ£Όμ˜ 연섀가일 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
12:41
All these figures, at first glance -- they seem disconnected.
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이듀은 μ–Έλœ» 보기에 μ „ν˜€ 연관이 μ—†μ–΄ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
12:45
But I think they feed each other,
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제 생각에 이듀은 μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ 도움을 μ£Όκ³ 
12:47
and they need each other.
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μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
And all around the world,
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 선동가듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³ 
12:51
when we look at how demagogues talk and how they inspire movements,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹€μ²œμ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄λ‚΄λŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄
12:57
I think they have one unmistakable quality in common:
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μ „ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν•œ 가지 λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ 곡톡점이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:01
they strongly, strongly dislike plurality.
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λ°”λ‘œ 닀양성을 κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ μ‹«μ–΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
13:06
They cannot deal with multiplicity.
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그듀은 λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ—λŠ” λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
Adorno used to say,
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아도λ₯΄λ…ΈλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³€ ν–ˆμ£ .
13:11
"Intolerance of ambiguity is the sign of an authoritarian personality."
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"애맀λͺ¨ν˜Έν•¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ„ˆκ·ΈλŸ½μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄
κ·Έκ²ƒμ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ κΆŒμœ„μ£Όμ˜μ  νŠΉμ„±μ˜ 상징이닀."
13:18
But I ask myself:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 이런 의문이 λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
What if that same sign,
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λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 상징이
13:21
that same intolerance of ambiguity --
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즉, 애맀함에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ„ˆκ·ΈλŸ½μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ΄
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό λ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹κΉŒμš”?
13:25
what if it's the mark of our times, of the age we're living in?
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13:30
Because wherever I look, I see nuances withering away.
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어디에 λˆˆμ„ λŒλ¦¬λ“ , λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ λ‰˜μ•™μŠ€λŠ” 사라져가고
13:34
On TV shows, we have one anti-something speaker
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TVμ—μ„œλŠ” 무언가에 λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” λ°œμ–Έμžκ°€
13:38
situated against a pro-something speaker.
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μ°¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λ°œμ–Έμžμ™€ λ…ΌμŸμ„ 벌이곀 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
Yeah? It's good ratings.
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그런 건 μ‹œμ²­λ₯ λ„ λ†’μ£ .
13:43
It's even better if they shout at each other.
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μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 지λ₯Όμˆ˜λ‘ 더 μž¬λ°Œμ–΄ν•˜μ£ .
13:45
Even in academia, where our intellect is supposed to be nourished,
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μˆ˜μ€€λ†’μ€ μ§€μ‹μΈλ“€λ‘œ 가득해야 ν•  ν•™κ³„μ—μ„œλ„
13:50
you see one atheist scholar competing with a firmly theist scholar,
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ν•™μžλ“€ 간에 무신둠과 μœ μ‹ λ‘ μ˜ λŒ€κ²°μ΄ νŽΌμ³μ§€λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 있죠.
13:56
but it's not a real intellectual exchange,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그건 μ§„μ •ν•œ 지적 ꡐλ₯˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:59
because it's a clash between two certainties.
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κ·Έμ € μ„œλ‘œ μ˜³λ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ” μ΄λ“€μ˜ 좩돌일 뿐이죠.
14:04
I think binary oppositions are everywhere.
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ν‘λ°±μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰˜λŠ” λŒ€λ¦½ κ΅¬λ„λŠ” 곳곳에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
So slowly and systematically,
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우린 μ§€κΈˆ μ„œμ„œνžˆ, 그리고 μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ
14:11
we are being denied the right to be complex.
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우리의 λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ§ˆ ꢌ리λ₯Ό λΆ€μ •λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:16
Istanbul, Berlin, Nice, Paris, Brussels,
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μ΄μŠ€νƒ„λΆˆ, λ² λ₯Όλ¦°, λ‹ˆμŠ€, 파리, λΈŒλ€Όμ…€λΆ€ν„°
14:19
Dhaka, Baghdad, Barcelona:
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λ‹€μΉ΄, λ°”κ·Έλ‹€λ“œ, λ°”λ₯΄μ…€λ‘œλ‚˜κΉŒμ§€
14:22
we have seen one horrible terror attack after another.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ”μ°ν•œ ν…ŒλŸ¬ 곡격듀을 연이어 λ³΄μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:26
And when you express your sorrow, and when you react against the cruelty,
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이에 λŒ€ν•œ μŠ¬ν””μ΄λ‚˜ ν…ŒλŸ¬λ²”μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜κ°μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚Ό λ•Œλ©΄
14:30
you get all kinds of reactions,
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μ˜¨κ°– μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ°˜μ‘κ³Ό SNS λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:32
messages on social media.
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14:34
But one of them is quite disturbing,
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κ·Έ 쀑 ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ 널리 퍼져있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
14:36
only because it's so widespread.
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λ‹€μ†Œ 좩격적이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
14:38
They say, "Why do you feel sorry for them?
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그것은 λ°”λ‘œ, μ™œ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œλ§Œ 연민을 λŠλΌλƒλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:43
Why do you feel sorry for them?
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"μ™œ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œλ§Œ 연민을 느끼죠?"
14:45
Why don't you feel sorry for civilians in Yemen
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"μ˜ˆλ©˜μ΄λ‚˜ μ‹œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ λ―Όκ°„μΈλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ™œ 그렇지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?"
14:48
or civilians in Syria?"
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14:51
And I think the people who write such messages
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μ „ 이런 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό νΌλœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 뢀뢄이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
14:54
do not understand
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14:55
that we can feel sorry for and stand in solidarity with
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 연민을 느끼고 ν•¨κ»˜ μ—°λŒ€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€μƒμ€
15:00
victims of terrorism and violence in the Middle East, in Europe,
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ν…ŒλŸ¬ κ³΅κ²©μ΄λ‚˜ 폭λ ₯의 λͺ¨λ“  ν”Όν•΄μžλ“€μ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
쀑동이든, μœ λŸ½μ΄λ“ , μ•„μ‹œμ•„λ“ , 미ꡭ이든, μ–΄λ””λ“  상관없이
15:05
in Asia, in America, wherever, everywhere,
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15:08
equally and simultaneously.
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λͺ¨λ“  ν”Όν•΄μžλ“€μ„ λ™λ“±ν•˜κ²Œ λ°”λΌλ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:11
They don't seem to understand that we don't have to pick one pain
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 단지 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 고톡, ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μž₯μ†Œλ§Œμ„ 골라야 ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹˜μ„
15:14
and one place over all others.
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그듀은 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:18
But I think this is what tribalism does to us.
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μ €λŠ” 이 λ˜ν•œ 민쑱주의의 영ν–₯이라 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:22
It shrinks our minds, for sure,
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우리의 사고방식을 μ’νžˆλŠ” 것은 λ¬Όλ‘ 
15:24
but it also shrinks our hearts,
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우리의 λ§ˆμŒλ§ˆμ € μ’ν˜€λ²„λ €
15:26
to such an extent that we become numb to the suffering of other people.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 고톡에 λ¬΄κ°κ°ν•΄μ§€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
15:33
And the sad truth is, we weren't always like this.
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더 μŠ¬ν”ˆ 사싀은, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 항상 이렇진 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹¨ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:36
I had a children's book out in Turkey,
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μ „ ν„°ν‚€μ—μ„œ 아이듀을 μœ„ν•œ 책을 λ‚Έ 적이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
15:40
and when the book was published, I did lots of events.
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좜판 λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— μ „ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 행사λ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:43
I went to many primary schools,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅λ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λ©°
15:45
which gave me a chance to observe younger kids in Turkey.
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ν„°ν‚€μ˜ 어린아이듀을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό 기회λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμ£ .
15:49
And it was always amazing to see how much empathy, imagination
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그듀이 μ§€λ‹Œ 곡감, 상상λ ₯ 그리고 λŒ€λ‹΄ν•¨μ€ 항상 λ†€λΌμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:53
and chutzpah they have.
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15:55
These children are much more inclined to become global citizens
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아이듀은 이미 κ·Έ λ‚˜μ΄μ— μ„Έκ³„μ‹œλ―Όμ— κ°€κΉŒμš΄ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 보이고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:59
than nationalists at that age.
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ λ―Όμ‘±μ£Όμ˜μžλ³΄λ‹€λ„ 말이죠.
16:02
And it's wonderful to see, when you ask them,
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그리고 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 던질 λ•Œ
16:04
so many of them want to be poets and writers,
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λ§Žμ€ 아이듀이 μ‹œμΈμ΄λ‚˜ μž‘κ°€κ°€ 되고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜κ³ 
16:07
and girls are just as confident as boys,
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μ—¬μžμ•„μ΄λ“€λ„ λ‚¨μžμ•„μ΄λ“€ μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ μžμ‹ κ°μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것이
16:10
if not even more.
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맀우 μΈμƒκΉŠμ—ˆμ£ .
16:12
But then I would go to high schools,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ— 고등학ꡐλ₯Ό 가보면
16:14
and everything has changed.
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λͺ¨λ“  게 λ°”λ€Œμ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:16
Now nobody wants to be a writer anymore,
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μž‘κ°€κ°€ λ˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” 아이도 μ—†κ³ 
16:18
now nobody wants to be a novelist anymore,
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μ†Œμ„€κ°€κ°€ λ˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” 아이도 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:21
and girls have become timid,
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μ—¬μžμ• λ“€μ€ μ‘₯μ“°λŸ¬μ›Œν•˜κ³ , μ‘°μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œμ‘ŒμœΌλ©°
16:24
they are cautious, guarded,
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μ’€ 더 많이 λ§μ„€μ˜€κ³ , μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ•žμ—μ„œ λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό κΊΌλ €ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:26
reluctant to speak up in the public space,
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16:29
because we have taught them --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ κ°€λ₯΄μ³€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
16:31
the family, the school, the society --
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가쑱이, 학ꡐ가, μ‚¬νšŒκ°€
16:33
we have taught them to erase their individuality.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ³ μœ ν•œ 정체성을 μ§€μš°λ„λ‘ κ°€λ₯΄μ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:37
I think East and West,
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μ „ λ™μ„œμ–‘μ„ λ§‰λ‘ ν•˜κ³  우리의 닀양성이 사라지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:39
we are losing multiplicity,
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16:41
both within our societies and within ourselves.
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μ‚¬νšŒ μ†μ—μ„œ, 그리고 우리 λ‚΄λ©΄μ—μ„œλ„μš”.
16:46
And coming from Turkey, I do know that the loss of diversity
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ν„°ν‚€ μΆœμ‹ μΈ μ €λŠ”
닀양성을 μžƒλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 큰 손싀인지 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:50
is a major, major loss.
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16:53
Today, my motherland became the world's biggest jailer
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였늘 λ‚ , 제 λͺ¨κ΅­μ€ λ§Žμ€ κΈ°μžλ“€μ„ 투μ˜₯μ‹œν‚¨ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ λ˜μ–΄λ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:56
for journalists,
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16:57
surpassing even China's sad record.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μŠ¬ν”ˆ κΈ°λ‘λ§ˆμ €λ„ 제칠 μ •λ„λ‘œμš”.
17:02
And I also believe that what happened over there in Turkey
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μ €λŠ” ν„°ν‚€μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일듀이
17:07
can happen anywhere.
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μ–΄λ””μ„œλ‚˜ 일어날 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:09
It can even happen here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλ„ 일어날 수 있죠.
17:11
So just like solid countries was an illusion,
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μ•ˆμ •λœ λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•œ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν™˜μƒμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
17:15
singular identities is also an illusion,
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λ‹¨μΌν•œ 정체성 λ˜ν•œ 착각에 μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:20
because we all have a multiplicity of voices inside.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ λ‚΄λ©΄μ—λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ“€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
17:25
The Iranian, the Persian poet, Hafiz,
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μ΄λž€ μΆœμ‹ μ˜ 페λ₯΄μ‹œμ•„ μ‹œμΈμΈ ν•˜ν”Όμ¦ˆλŠ” 이런 말을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:29
used to say, "You carry in your soul every ingredient necessary
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"λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 영혼 μ†μ—λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μž¬λ£Œκ°€ λ“€μ–΄μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:34
to turn your existence into joy.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 쑴재 자체λ₯Ό 기쁨으둜 λ§Œλ“€ μž¬λ£Œλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:37
All you have to do is to mix those ingredients."
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당신은 κ·Έμ € κ·Έ 재료λ₯Ό 잘 λ²„λ¬΄λ¦¬κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
17:41
And I think mix we can.
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우린 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
17:43
I am an Istanbulite,
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μ „ μ΄μŠ€νƒ„λΆˆ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
17:46
but I'm also attached to the Balkans,
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발칸 λ°˜λ„, μ—κ²Œν•΄ 지역, 지쀑해 지역에도 애착을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:48
the Aegean, the Mediterranean,
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17:51
the Middle East, the Levant.
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쀑동과 레반트 μ§€μ—­μ—λ„μš”.
17:53
I am a European by birth, by choice,
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μ „ μΆœμƒμ— μ˜ν•΄, 그리고 선택에 μ˜ν•΄ 유럽인으둜 μ‚΄κ³  있고
17:56
the values that I uphold.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:58
I have become a Londoner over the years.
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그리고 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 흐λ₯΄λ©΄μ„œ 런던 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
18:01
I would like to think of myself as a global soul, as a world citizen,
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μ „ 제 μžμ‹ μ„ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ 
또 μ„Έκ³„μ‹œλ―Όμ΄μž μœ λž‘μžμ΄λ©°
18:05
a nomad and an itinerant storyteller.
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순회 강연을 λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 이야기꾼이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:09
I have multiple attachments, just like all of us do.
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μ „ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡λ“― μ—¬λŸ¬ 곳에 애착을 λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:13
And multiple attachments mean multiple stories.
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그리고 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 애착은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 이야기듀을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ£ .
18:18
As writers, we always chase stories, of course,
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μž‘κ°€λ‘œμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 이야기λ₯Ό μ’‡κΈ° λ§ˆλ ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:23
but I think we are also interested in silences,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 침묡에도 관심을 κ°–λŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:26
the things we cannot talk about,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이야기할 수 μ—†λŠ” 것듀
18:28
political taboos, cultural taboos.
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즉, μ •μΉ˜μ  κΈˆκΈ°λΌλ“ κ°€ 문화적 금기말이죠.
18:31
We're also interested in our own silences.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 μžμ‹ μ˜ 침묡에도 관심을 가지죠.
18:35
I have always been very vocal about and written extensively
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μ €λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 늘 κ°•κ²½ν•˜κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³  κΈ€λ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λ©° μ‹Έμ›Œμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:39
about minority rights, women's rights,
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μ†Œμˆ˜μžλ“€μ˜ 인ꢌ, μ—¬μ„±μΈκΆŒ
18:42
LGBT rights.
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그리고 성적 μ†Œμˆ˜μžμ˜ μΈκΆŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
18:44
But as I was thinking about this TED Talk,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이번 TED 강연을 μ€€λΉ„ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ ν•œ 가지 깨달은 것이 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
18:47
I realized one thing:
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18:49
I have never had the courage to say in a public space
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μ „ μ΄μ œκΉŒμ§€ 곡개적으둜
μ € μžμ‹ μ΄ μ–‘μ„±μ• μžμž„μ„ 밝힐 λ§Œν•œ μš©κΈ°κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:54
that I was bisexual myself,
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λ’€λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” 갖은 λΉ„λ°©κ³Ό 낙인, 그리고 μ‘°λ‘±κ³Ό 증였λ₯Ό
18:57
because I so feared the slander
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19:00
and the stigma and the ridicule
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19:03
and the hatred that was sure to follow.
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κ²¬λŽŒλ‚΄κΈ°κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 두렀웠기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
19:06
But of course, one should never, ever, remain silent
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Όλ‘ , λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 것에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‘λ €μ›€μœΌλ‘œ
19:11
for fear of complexity.
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침묡해선 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(λ°•μˆ˜)
19:14
(Applause)
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19:22
And although I am no stranger to anxieties,
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μ „ μ΄μ œκΉŒμ§€ μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 λΆˆμ•ˆν•¨μ„ κ²ͺμ–΄ μ™”κ³ 
19:25
and although I am talking here about the power of emotions --
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κ°μ •μ˜ 힘이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ°•λ ₯ν•œμ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œλ©°
19:29
I do know the power of emotions --
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μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ κ°μ •μ˜ νž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ—λ„
19:31
I have discovered over time
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ μ•Œκ²Œ 된 건
19:33
that emotions are not limitless.
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감정에도 κ²°κ΅­ ν•œκ³„κ°€ μ—†μ§€λŠ” μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:35
You know? They have a limit.
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감정에도 ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ±°μ£ .
19:37
There comes a moment --
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마치 κ°μ •μ˜ μ „ν™˜μ  λ˜λŠ” ν•œκ³„μ  같은 μˆœκ°„μ΄ μ°Ύμ•„μ˜€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:38
it's like a tipping point or a threshold --
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19:40
when you get tired of feeling afraid,
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계속 λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜λ‹€ μ§€μΉ˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„
19:43
when you get tired of feeling anxious.
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계속 λΆˆμ•ˆν•΄ν•˜λ‹€ μ§€μΉ˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„μ΄ μ˜€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
19:46
And I think not only individuals,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ§Œ 그런 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
19:48
but perhaps nations, too, have their own tipping points.
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ꡭ가에도 각각의 ν•œκ³„μ μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:53
So even stronger than my emotions
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 제 μžμ‹ μ˜ 감정보닀도 더 κ°•ν•œ 것은
19:56
is my awareness
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λ°”λ‘œ μ„±λ³„μ΄λ‚˜ 정체성을 μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
19:58
that not only gender, not only identity,
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20:02
but life itself is fluid.
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μ‚Ά κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ 맀우 μœ λ™μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀을 μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:05
They want to divide us into tribes,
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선동가듀은 우리λ₯Ό 각각의 μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„λ € λ“€μ§€λ§Œ
20:08
but we are connected across borders.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ ꡭ경을 μ΄ˆμ›”ν•œ μœ λŒ€κ΄€κ³„μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:11
They preach certainty,
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그듀은 확고함을 μ£Όμž₯ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
20:12
but we know that life has plenty of magic
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우린 우리 삢이 λ§ˆλ²•κ³Ό 애맀λͺ¨ν˜Έν•¨μœΌλ‘œ 가득 μ°¨ 있음 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:16
and plenty of ambiguity.
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20:18
And they like to incite dualities,
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그듀은 이뢄법적 사고 방식을 μ„ λ™ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
20:21
but we are far more nuanced than that.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그보닀 훨씬 더 μ„¬μ„Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:25
So what can we do?
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그럼 우리의 ν•  일은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
20:26
I think we need to go back to the basics,
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κΈ°λ³ΈλΆ€ν„° λ‹€μ‹œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:29
back to the colors of the alphabet.
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κΈ°μ΄ˆλΆ€ν„° λ‹€μ‹œ λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
20:32
The Lebanese poet Khalil Gibran used to say,
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λ ˆλ°”λ…Όμ˜ μ‹œμΈ, 칼릴 μ§€λΈŒλž€μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:35
"I learned silence from the talkative
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"λ‚˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ‹€μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ 침묡을 λ°°μ› κ³ 
20:38
and tolerance from the intolerant
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νŽΈν˜‘ν•œ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ κ΄€μš©μ„ λ°°μ› μœΌλ©°
20:41
and kindness from the unkind."
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μ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œ 선행을 λ°°μ› λ‹€."
20:43
I think it's a great motto for our times.
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이 μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ² 더 없이 쒋은 쒌우λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν¬ν“°λ¦¬μ¦˜μ„ μ’‡λŠ” μ„ λ™κ°€λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
20:47
So from populist demagogues, we will learn
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민주주의의 ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ 배우고
20:50
the indispensability of democracy.
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20:53
And from isolationists, we will learn the need for global solidarity.
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κ³ λ¦½μ£Όμ˜μžλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
전지ꡬ적인 μ—°λŒ€μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ 배우며
우리λ₯Ό νŠΉμ • μ§‘λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ κ·œμ •μ§€μœΌλ € ν•˜λŠ” μ΄λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°λŠ”
20:58
And from tribalists, we will learn the beauty of cosmopolitanism
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μ„Έκ³„μ‹œλ―Όμ£Όμ˜μ™€ λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ˜ 아름닀움을 배울 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:03
and the beauty of diversity.
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21:07
As I finish, I want to leave you with one word, or one taste.
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끝으둜, ν•œ 가지 단어λ₯Ό μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·Έ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ λ§›μ„μš”.
21:12
The word "yurt" in Turkish means "motherland."
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'yurt'λΌλŠ” 말은 ν„°ν‚€μ–΄λ‘œ 'λͺ¨κ΅­'을 λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:16
It means "homeland."
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κ³ ν–₯을 λ§ν•˜μ£ .
21:17
But interestingly, the word also means
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그런데 ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ 이와 λ™μ‹œμ—
21:20
"a tent used by nomadic tribes."
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유λͺ© 민쑱이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ˜ 이동식 ν…νŠΈλ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:23
And I like that combination, because it makes me think
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μ „ κ·Έ 쑰합이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ³ ν–₯이 단지 ν•œ κ³³μ—λ§Œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” 건 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ”
21:27
homelands do not need to be rooted in one place.
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생각이 λ“€κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
21:31
They can be portable.
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μ–΄λ””λ“  우리 λ§ˆμŒμ— ν’ˆκ³  닀닐 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:32
We can take them with us everywhere.
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21:35
And I think for writers, for storytellers,
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그리고 μž‘κ°€μ™€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°κΎΌλ“€μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄
21:38
at the end of the day,
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μ§„μ •ν•œ κ³ ν–₯은 κ²°κ΅­ λ”± ν•œ 곳이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:39
there is one main homeland,
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21:42
and it's called "Storyland."
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λ°”λ‘œ "μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ λ‚˜λΌ"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:44
And the taste of that word
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그리고 이 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 맛은
21:47
is the taste of freedom.
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λ°”λ‘œ '자유'의 맛과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:49
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:50
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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