Jared Ficklin: New ways to see music (with color! and fire!)

41,738 views ใƒป 2012-07-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
My passions
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ืงื”
00:16
are music, technology and making things.
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ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:20
And it's the combination of these things
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
00:23
that has led me to the hobby of sound visualization,
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ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื,
00:26
and, on occasion, has led me to play with fire.
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ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื, ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ื’ื ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืืฉ.
00:30
This is a Rubens' tube. It's one of many I've made over the years,
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ื–ืืช "ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ืŸ". ืื—ืช ืžื ื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื,
00:32
and I have one here tonight.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื—ืช ื›ื–ืืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘.
00:34
It's about an 8-foot-long tube of metal,
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ื–ืืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืชื›ืช ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
00:36
it's got a hundred or so holes on top,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืื” ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ,
00:37
on that side is the speaker, and here
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ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉื ื• ืจืžืงื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืืŸ
00:39
is some lab tubing, and it's connected to this tank
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื ืจืช ืžืขื‘ื“ืชื™ืช, ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื”
00:41
of propane.
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ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืืŸ.
00:44
So, let's fire it up and see what it does.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”.
00:53
So let's play a 550-herz frequency
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžื™ืข ืฆืœื™ืœ ื‘ืชื“ืจ ืฉืœ 550 ื”ืจืฅ
00:55
and watch what happens.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
00:56
(Frequency)
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(ืฆืœื™ืœ ื‘ืชื“ืจ 550 ื”ืจืฅ)
01:05
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:07
It's okay to applaud the laws of physics,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืœืžื—ื•ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”,
01:09
but essentially what's happening here
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ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืคื”
01:11
-- (Laughter) --
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-- (ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
01:13
is the energy from the sound via the air and gas molecules
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื–
01:17
is influencing the combustion properties of propane,
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ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืืŸ,
01:19
creating a visible waveform,
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœ,
01:21
and we can see the alternating regions of compression
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื—ื™ืกื”
01:23
and rarefaction that we call frequency,
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ื•ื“ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืชื“ืจ,
01:25
and the height is showing us amplitude.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
01:27
So let's change the frequency of the sound,
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ,
01:29
and watch what happens to the fire.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืืฉ.
01:31
(Higher frequency)
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(ืฆืœื™ืœ ื‘ืชื“ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ)
01:41
So every time we hit a resonant frequency we get a standing wave
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชื“ืจ ื”ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืœ ืขื•ืžื“
01:44
and that emergent sine curve of fire.
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ื•ืืช ื’ืœ ื”ืกื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืฉ.
01:46
So let's turn that off. We're indoors.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื›ื‘ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืจ ืกื’ื•ืจ.
01:48
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:53
I also have with me a flame table.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืืฉ.
01:55
It's very similar to a Rubens' tube, and it's also used
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฆื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ
01:57
for visualizing the physical properties of sound,
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ืœื”ืžื—ืฉื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ืงื•ืœ,
01:59
such as eigenmodes, so let's fire it up
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ืคื ื™ ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื, ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื–ื”
02:01
and see what it does.
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”.
02:07
Ooh. (Laughter)
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ืื•ื•ื•ื•ื•ื•. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:12
Okay. Now, while the table comes up to pressure,
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™,
02:14
let me note here that the sound is not traveling
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืœื ื ืขื™ื
02:16
in perfect lines. It's actually traveling in all directions,
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ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฉืจื™ื. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื,
02:19
and the Rubens' tube's a little like bisecting those waves
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ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ื ืก ื›ืื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:22
with a line, and the flame table's a little like
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ื‘ืงื• ืื—ื“, ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืืฉ
02:24
bisecting those waves with a plane,
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ื—ื•ืชืš ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ,
02:26
and it can show a little more subtle complexity, which is why
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื”
02:30
I like to use it to watch Geoff Farina play guitar.
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ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื’'ืฃ ืคืืจื™ื ื” ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ืจื”.
02:32
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
03:15
All right, so it's a delicate dance.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ื–ื” ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืขื“ื™ืŸ.
03:16
If you watch closely โ€” (Applause)
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ื•ืื ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื ื˜ื•ื‘-- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:19
If you watch closely, you may have seen
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ืื ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื•ืœื™ ืจืื™ืชื
03:22
some of the eigenmodes, but also you may have seen
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ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื ืจืื™ืชื
03:24
that jazz music is better with fire.
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ืฉืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช ื’'ืื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืžื—ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืืฉ.
03:29
Actually, a lot of things are better with fire in my world,
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™,
03:31
but the fire's just a foundation.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืฉ ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก.
03:33
It shows very well that eyes can hear,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ืœื ื• ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
03:34
and this is interesting to me because
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
03:36
technology allows us to present sound to the eyes
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ืฉื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช
03:39
in ways that accentuate the strength of the eyes
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
03:41
for seeing sound, such as the removal of time.
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ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื–ืžืŸ.
03:44
So here, I'm using a rendering algorithm to paint
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข
03:47
the frequencies of the song "Smells Like Teen Spirit"
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ืืช ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจ "ืžืจื™ื— ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื— ื ืขื•ืจื™ื" (ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื”)
03:50
in a way that the eyes can take them in
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื
03:52
as a single visual impression, and the technique
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ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“. ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื”
03:54
will also show the strengths of the visual cortex
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
03:56
for pattern recognition.
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ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช.
03:58
So if I show you another song off this album,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
04:00
and another, your eyes will easily pick out
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
04:03
the use of repetition by the band Nirvana,
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ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื”ืงื” ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื”,
04:06
and in the frequency distribution, the colors,
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ื•ืืช ืžื ืขื“ ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื, ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื,
04:08
you can see the clean-dirty-clean sound
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื ืงื™-ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš-ื ืงื™
04:11
that they are famous for,
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ืฉื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื•,
04:12
and here is the entire album as a single visual impression,
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืื—ืช,
04:16
and I think this impression is pretty powerful.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฆืžืชื™ืช.
04:18
At least, it's powerful enough that
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ืขืฆืžืชื™ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง
04:20
if I show you these four songs,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
04:21
and I remind you that this is "Smells Like Teen Spirit,"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” "ืžืจื™ื— ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื— ื ืขื•ืจื™ื,"
04:24
you can probably correctly guess, without listening
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ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ื—ืฉ, ืœืœื ื”ืื–ื ื”
04:26
to any music at all, that the song
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ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ืœืœ, ืฉื”ืฉื™ืจ
04:27
a die hard Nirvana fan would enjoy is this song,
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ืฉืžืžื ื• ื™ื”ื ื” ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ืฉืจื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื”,
04:30
"I'll Stick Around" by the Foo Fighters,
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"I'll stick around" ืฉืœ ื”- Foo Fighters,
04:32
whose lead singer is Dave Grohl,
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ืฉื”ืกื•ืœืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื”ืœ,
04:34
who was the drummer in Nirvana.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื”.
04:38
The songs are a little similar, but mostly
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ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:39
I'm just interested in the idea that someday maybe
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื•ืœื™
04:41
we'll buy a song because we like the way it looks.
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ื ืงื ื” ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื”.
04:45
All right, now for some more sound data.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™... ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
04:46
This is data from a skate park,
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ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืžืคืืจืง ื’ืœื™ืฉื” (ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื“),
04:49
and this is Mabel Davis skate park
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืคืืจืง ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื” "ืžื™ื™ื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืก"
04:51
in Austin, Texas. (Skateboard sounds)
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ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื˜ืงืกืก. (ืจืขืฉื™ ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื“)
04:53
And the sounds you're hearing came from eight
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ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืฉืžื•ื ื”
04:54
microphones attached to obstacles around the park,
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ืžืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืชืงื ื™ื ื•ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืคืืจืง,
04:57
and it sounds like chaos, but actually
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื›ืื•ืก. ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”
04:59
all the tricks start with a very distinct slap,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืฆืœื™ืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ,
05:02
but successful tricks end with a pop,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื”ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœ "ืคื•ืค",
05:04
whereas unsuccessful tricks
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ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื
05:05
more of a scratch and a tumble,
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ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื•ื ืคื™ืœื”,
05:07
and tricks on the rail will ring out like a gong, and
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ื•ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืงื” ืžืชื›ืช ืžืฆืœืฆืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ื ื’,
05:11
voices occupy very unique frequencies in the skate park.
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ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื ืฉืžืขื™ื ื‘ืชื“ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืคืืจืง ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื”.
05:14
So if we were to render these sounds visually,
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ืื ื ืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื›ื“ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช,
05:16
we might end up with something like this.
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ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืจืื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืš.
05:17
This is all 40 minutes of the recording,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื”,
05:20
and right away the algorithm tells us
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ื•ื™ืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื
05:22
a lot more tricks are missed than are made,
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”,
05:24
and also a trick on the rails is a lot more likely
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื˜ืจื™ืง ืฉืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืงื”, ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
05:26
to produce a cheer, and if you look really closely,
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ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ืจ ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“. ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘,
05:29
we can tease out traffic patterns.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘.
05:31
You see the skaters often trick in this direction. The obstacles are easier.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:37
And in the middle of the recording, the mics pick this up,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื”ืžืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื• ืืช ื–ื”,
05:39
but later in the recording, this kid shows up,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืงืœื˜ื”, ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข,
05:42
and he starts using a line at the top of the park
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืคืืจืง
05:45
to do some very advanced tricks on something
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
05:46
called the tall rail.
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ืฉื ืงืจื ืžืขืงื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
05:47
And it's fascinating. At this moment in time,
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ื–ื” ืžืจืชืง. ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
05:49
all the rest of the skaters turn their lines 90 degrees
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ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขื™ื ืžืขืœื•ืช
05:53
to stay out of his way.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš.
05:55
You see, there's a subtle etiquette in the skate park,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื”,
05:57
and it's led by key influencers,
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ืฉืžื•ื ื”ื’ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืคืชื—,
05:59
and they tend to be the kids who can do the best tricks,
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ืฉื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
06:02
or wear red pants, and on this day the mics picked that up.
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ืื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืงืจื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ืงืœื˜ื• ืืช ื–ื”.
06:04
All right, from skate physics to theoretical physics.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™... ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช.
06:08
I'm a big fan of Stephen Hawking,
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ืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’,
06:10
and I wanted to use all eight hours
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืขื•ืช
06:11
of his Cambridge lecture series to create an homage.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’' ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ืžื—ื•ื•ื”.
06:14
Now, in this series he's speaking with the aid of a computer,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื—ืฉื‘,
06:17
which actually makes identifying the ends of sentences
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜
06:20
fairly easy. So I wrote a steering algorithm.
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ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“. ืื– ืจืฉืžืชื™ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.
06:23
It listens to the lecture, and then it uses
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจืฆืื”, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
06:25
the amplitude of each word to move a point on the x-axis,
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ื‘ืืžืคืœื™ื˜ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ X,
06:28
and it uses the inflection of sentences
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
06:31
to move a same point up and down on the y-axis.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ Y.
06:33
And these trend lines, you can see, there's more questions
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ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช
06:36
than answers in the laws of physics,
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ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื™ืงื”,
06:38
and when we reach the end of a sentence,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื˜,
06:40
we place a star at that location.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื.
06:42
So there's a lot of sentences, so a lot of stars,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื,
06:45
and after rendering all of the audio, this is what we get.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืงื˜ืข ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
06:47
This is Stephen Hawking's universe.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’.
06:50
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:57
It's all eight hours of the Cambridge lecture series
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ืืœื” ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืจืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’'
06:59
taken in as a single visual impression,
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืช,
07:01
and I really like this image,
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ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
07:03
but a lot of people think it's fake.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคืช.
07:05
So I made a more interactive version,
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ืื– ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ื’ื™ืจืกื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
07:07
and the way I did that is I used their position in time
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
07:13
in the lecture to place these stars into 3D space,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืงื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™,
07:15
and with some custom software and a Kinect,
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืžื” ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื ืงื˜,
07:17
I can walk right into the lecture.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”.
07:20
I'm going to wave through the Kinect here
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื ื•ืคืฃ ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื™ื ืงื˜ ื›ืืŸ
07:22
and take control, and now I'm going to reach out
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ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืืฉืœื— ื™ื“
07:24
and I'm going to touch a star, and when I do,
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ื•ืื’ืข ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช,
07:27
it will play the sentence
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื ื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜
07:29
that generated that star.
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ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
07:30
Stephen Hawking: There is one, and only one, arrangement
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ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’: ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืจืง ืื—ื“
07:34
in which the pieces make a complete picture.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”.
07:37
Jared Ficklin: Thank you. (Applause)
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ื’'ืืจื“ ืคื™ืงืœื™ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:41
There are 1,400 stars.
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ื™ืฉ 1,400 ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.
07:44
It's a really fun way to explore the lecture,
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ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”,
07:46
and, I hope, a fitting homage.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื• ื’ื ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื™ืคื”.
07:47
All right. Let me close with a work in progress.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™... ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ื ื”.
07:53
I think, after 30 years, the opportunity exists
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืฉืื—ืจื™ 30 ืฉื ื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
07:56
to create an enhanced version of closed captioning.
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ืจืกื ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ืฉืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืกืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
07:58
Now, we've all seen a lot of TEDTalks online,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช TED ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
08:00
so let's watch one now with the sound turned off
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฆืคื” ื‘ืื—ืช ืœืœื ืงื•ืœ
08:03
and the closed captioning turned on.
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ื•ืขื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
08:07
There's no closed captioning for the TED theme song,
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืชื™ื— ืฉืœ TED,
08:09
and we're missing it, but if you've watched enough of these,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฆืคื™ืชื ื‘ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืืœื”,
08:11
you hear it in your mind's ear,
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ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
08:13
and then applause starts.
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ื•ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื.
08:16
It usually begins here, and it grows and then it falls.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืžืคืกื™ืง.
08:18
Sometimes you get a little star applause,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘,
08:20
and then I think even Bill Gates takes a nervous breath,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืœื•ืงื— ืฉืื™ืคื” ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ืช,
08:22
and the talk begins.
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ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”.
08:24
All right, so let's watch this clip again.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™... ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฆืคื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืค ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
08:30
This time, I'm not going to talk at all.
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ื•ื”ืคืขื, ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืœ.
08:31
There's still going to be no audio,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืœ,
08:32
but what I am going to do is I'm going to render the sound
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ืงื˜ืข ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื•
08:34
visually in real time at the bottom of the screen.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืกืš.
08:38
So watch closely and see what your eyes can hear.
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ืื– ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืชืจืื• ืžื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข.
09:03
This is fairly amazing to me.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
09:05
Even on the first view, your eyes will successfully
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฆืคื™ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื•
09:08
pick out patterns, but on repeated views,
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช,
09:11
your brain actually gets better
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:13
at turning these patterns into information.
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ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœืžื™ื“ืข.
09:14
You can get the tone and the timbre
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื™ืžื”
09:16
and the pace of the speech,
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ื•ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
09:17
things that you can't get out of closed captioning.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
09:19
That famous scene in horror movies
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ื”ืกืฆื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ ืื™ืžื”
09:21
where someone is walking up from behind
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืชื’ื ื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจ
09:24
is something you can see,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช,
09:26
and I believe this information would be something
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
09:29
that is useful at times when the audio is turned off
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ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ื‘ื”
09:31
or not heard at all, and I speculate that deaf audiences
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ืื• ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืขืจ ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื”
09:34
might actually even be better
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:36
at seeing sound than hearing audiences.
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ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืงื”ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืชืงื™ื ื”.
09:37
I don't know. It's a theory right now.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข. ื–ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืจื’ืข.
09:39
Actually, it's all just an idea.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื–ื” ืจืง ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
09:40
And let me end by saying that sound moves in all directions,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื’ืœื™ ืงื•ืœ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื,
09:45
and so do ideas.
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ื›ืš ื’ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
09:47
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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