Ivan Oransky: Are we over-medicalized?

53,786 views ใƒป 2012-06-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Those of you who have seen the film "Moneyball,"
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ืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ "ืžืื ื™ื‘ื•ืœ"
00:19
or have read the book by Michael Lewis,
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ืื• ืงืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืžืืช ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ืœื•ืื™ืก,
00:21
will be familiar with the story of Billy Beane.
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ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ
00:24
Billy was supposed to be a tremendous ballplayer; all the scouts told him so.
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืขื•ืœื”. ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื
00:29
They told his parents that
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื•
00:30
they predicted that he was going to be a star.
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ื”ื ื ื™ื‘ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘.
00:32
But what actually happened when he signed the contract -- and by the way, he didn't
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ืืš ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื•ืื’ื‘,
00:37
want to sign that contract, he wanted to go to college --
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื—ืชื•ื, ืืœื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืงื•ืœื’'--
00:39
which is what my mother, who actually does love me,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืžื™, ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื™
00:42
said that I should do too, and I did --
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ืืžืจื” ื’ื ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืชื™--
00:45
well, he didn't do very well. He struggled mightily.
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ืœื ื”ืœืš ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืงืฉื™ื.
00:48
He got traded a couple of times, he ended up in the Minors for most of his career,
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ืงื ื• ื•ืžื›ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
00:52
and he actually ended up in management. He ended up as a General Manager of the
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ
00:57
Oakland A's.
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00:57
Now for many of you in this room, ending up in management, which is also what I've done,
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ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ืืชืœื˜ื™ืงืก.
ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ืฉื–ื” ื’ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™,
01:02
is seen as a success.
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ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
01:03
I can assure you that for a kid trying to make it in the Bigs,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืœื“ ืฉืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
01:07
going into management ain't no success story. It's a failure.
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ืœื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืืœื ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ
01:11
And what I want to talk to you about today, and share with you, is that our
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
01:16
healthcare system, our medical system, is just as bad at predicting
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ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™
01:20
what happens to people in it -- patients, others --
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื” -- ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื --
01:24
as those scouts were at predicting what would happen to Billy Beane.
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ืชื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉื ื™ื‘ืื• ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ.
01:29
And yet, every day
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•
01:32
thousands of people in this country
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ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช
01:34
are diagnosed with preconditions.
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ืžืื•ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื ืื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื”.
01:37
We hear about pre-hypertension, we hear about pre-dementia,
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ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืขืœ ืงื“ื-ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืงื“ื-ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื•ืŸ,
01:42
we hear about pre-anxiety, and I'm pretty sure that I diagnosed myself with
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ืงื“ื-ื—ืจื“ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืื™ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื–ื”
01:47
that in the green room.
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง.
01:48
We also refer to subclinical conditions.
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ืื ื• ื’ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืชืช-ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
01:53
There's subclinical atherosclerosis, subclinical hardening of the arteries,
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ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจืฉืช-ืขื•ืจืงื™ื - ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื - ืชืช-ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช,
01:57
obviously linked to heart attacks, potentially.
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืงืคื™-ืœื‘, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™.
02:01
One of my favorites is called subclinical acne.
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ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช "ืคืฆืขื™-ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืชืช-ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื".
02:04
If you look up subclinical acne, you may find a website, which I did,
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ืื ืชื—ืคืฉื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืชืžืฆืื•, ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ืืชืจ
02:08
which says that this is the easiest type of acne to treat.
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ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื–ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ืคืฆืขื™-ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืงืœื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
02:12
You don't have the pustules or the redness and inflammation.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื’ืœื”, ืื“ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื• ื“ืœืงืช.
02:19
Maybe that's because you don't actually have acne.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืคืฆืขื™-ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช.
02:23
I have a name for all of these conditions, it's another precondition:
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื-ืžื—ืœื”:
02:29
I call them preposterous.
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ื•ืช.
02:31
In baseball, the game follows the pre-game.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื‘ืกื™ืก, ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื.
02:37
Season follows the pre-season.
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ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื“ื-ืขื•ื ื”.
02:40
But with a lot of these conditions, that actually isn't the case, or at least it isn't the
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ืืš ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื–ื” ืœื ืงื•ืจื”
02:44
case all the time. It's as if there's a rain delay, every single time in many cases.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช-ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื’ืฉื.
02:49
We have pre-cancerous lesions,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืฆืขื™ื ืงื“ื-ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื,
02:50
which often don't turn into cancer.
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ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ.
02:54
And yet,
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช,
02:56
if you take, for example, subclinical osteoporosis, a bone thinning disease,
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ืื ืชืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก ืชืช-ืงืœื™ื ื™, ืžื—ืœืช ื“ืœื“ื•ืœ ืขืฆื
03:00
the precondition,
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ื”ืงื“ื-ืžื—ืœื”
03:01
otherwise known as osteopenia,
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ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื’ื ื›"ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื ื™ื”"
03:04
you would have to treat 270 women for three years
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ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘-270 ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš 3 ืฉื ื™ื
03:07
in order to prevent one broken bone.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขืฆื ืื—ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจื”.
03:10
That's an awful lot of women
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ื ืฉื™ื
03:11
when you multiply by the number of women who were diagnosed
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ืื ืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ื‘ื—ื ื•
03:14
with this osteopenia.
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ืขื ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
03:16
And so is it any wonder,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื ืคืœื,
03:18
given all of the costs and the side effects
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ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™
03:21
of the drugs that we're using to treat these preconditions, that every year
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื“ื-ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื”
03:25
we're spending more than two trillion dollars on healthcare and yet
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžืขืœ 2 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
03:29
100,000 people a year -- and that's a conservative estimate -- are dying
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช 100,000 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื” -- ื•ื–ื• ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช --
03:32
not because of the conditions they have,
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ืžืชื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื,
03:34
but because of the treatments that we're giving them and the complications of those treatments?
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ืืœื ืขืงื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื
03:38
We've medicalized everything
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ื”ืคื›ื ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช
03:41
in this country.
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช.
03:42
Women in the audience, I have some
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ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ืŸ
03:45
pretty bad news that you already know,
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ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืŸ:
03:47
and that's that every aspect of your life
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ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ืŸ
03:50
has been medicalized.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
03:51
Strike one is when you hit puberty.
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ื”ืคืกื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืืชืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช.
03:54
You now have something that happens to you once a month that has been medicalized.
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ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืคืš ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
03:58
It's a condition;
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ืœื”;
03:59
it has to be treated. Strike two
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ื”. ืคืกื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ื”:
04:00
is if you get pregnant.
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ื›ืฉืืชืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
04:02
That's been medicalized as well.
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ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
04:05
You have to have a high-tech experience
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ืขืœื™ื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง
04:07
of pregnancy, otherwise something might go wrong.
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ืื—ืจืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ.
04:10
Strike three is menopause.
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ืคืกื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ื•ื•ืกืช.
04:13
We all know what happened when millions of women were given hormone replacement therapy
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงืจื” ื›ืฉืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื
04:18
for menopausal symptoms
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ื ื’ื“ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ื•ื•ืกืช
04:21
for decades until all of a sudden we realized, because a study came out, a big one,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืœืคืชืข ื”ื‘ื ื• ื›ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:25
NIH-funded.
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ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
04:26
It said,
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ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืืžืจ
04:27
actually, a lot of that hormone replacement therapy may be doing more harm than good
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื
04:32
for many of those women.
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ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ ื ืฉื™ื.
04:33
Just in case,
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ื•ืื ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”
04:36
I don't want to leave the men out --
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงืคื— ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื--
04:37
I am one, after all --
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ื’ื ืื ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื’ื‘ืจ--
04:39
I have really bad news for all of you in this room,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ืžืื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื›ื
04:42
and for everyone
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™
04:43
listening and watching elsewhere:
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ืฉืžืื–ื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
04:44
You all have
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื
04:46
a universally fatal condition.
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ืžืžื—ืœื” ืกื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช.
04:48
So, just take a moment.
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ืงื—ื• ืจื’ืข ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข.
04:52
It's called pre-death.
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ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืงื“ื-ืžื•ื•ืช.
04:53
Every single one of you has it, because you have the risk factor for it,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื“ื-ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš
04:58
which is being alive.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
05:00
But I have some good news for you, because
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™
05:03
I'm a journalist, I like to end things in a happy way or a forward-thinking way.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืกื•ืคื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“.
05:07
And that good news is that if you can survive to the end of my talk, which
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ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”
05:11
we'll see if that happens for everyone,
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ื•ืžื™ื“ ื ืจืื” ืื ื–ื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื›ื•ืœื,
05:14
you will be a pre-vivor.
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ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืงื“ื-ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื.
05:17
I made up pre-death.
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ืืช "ืงื“ื-ืžื•ื•ืช" ื”ืžืฆืืชื™.
05:22
If I used someone else's pre-death, I apologize,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™, ืื ื™ ืžืชื ืฆืœ,
05:26
I think I made it up.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื™ ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
05:27
I didn't make up pre-vivor.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช "ืงื“ื-ืฉื•ืจื“".
05:29
Pre-vivor is what a particular cancer advocacy group would like everyone who
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"ืงื“ื-ืฉื•ืจื“" ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆืช-ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ
05:34
just has a risk factor,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืงื“ื-ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ
05:36
but hasn't actually had that cancer,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืœื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ
05:38
to call themselves.
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ื™ืงืจื ืœืขืฆืžื•.
05:40
You are a pre-vivor.
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ืืชื ืงื“ื-ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื.
05:41
We've had HBO here this morning. I'm wondering if Mark Burnett is anywhere in the
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ืื™ื™ืฅ'-ื‘ื™-ืื• ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ. ืื ืžืจืง ื‘ืจื ื˜ ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
05:46
audience, I'd like to suggest
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข
05:47
a reality TV show called "Pre-vivor."
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ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื "ืงื“ื-ืฉื•ืจื“".
05:51
If you develop a disease, you're off the island.
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ืžื™ ืฉืžืคืชื— ืžื—ืœื” ืžื•ื“ื— ืžื”ืื™.
05:55
But the problem is, we have a system
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ืืš ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช
06:00
that is completely --
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” --
06:02
basically promoted this.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืงื“ืžืช ืืช ื–ื”.
06:04
We've selected, at every point in this system,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื• ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื
06:07
to do what we do, and to give everyone a precondition and then eventually
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ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ื›ื” ื•ืœืชืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืงื“ื-ืžื—ืœื”
06:11
a condition, in some cases.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ืžื—ืœื”.
06:13
Start with the doctor-patient relationship. Doctors, most of them,
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื-ื—ื•ืœื”. ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
06:17
are in a fee-for-service system. They are basically incentivized to do more --
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ-ืชืžื•ืจืช-ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ --
06:22
procedures, tests,
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ื ื”ืœื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช,
06:24
prescribe medications.
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ืœืจืฉื•ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
06:25
Patients come to them,
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ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื ืืœื™ื”ื,
06:27
they want to do something. We're Americans, we can't just stand
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ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื•. ื›ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื, ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืกืชื ื›ื›ื”
06:31
there, we have to do something. And so they want a drug.
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื•. ืื– ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืชืจื•ืคื”.
06:34
They want a treatment. They want to be told, this is what you have and this is how
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ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื•, "ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš
06:37
you treat it. If the doctor doesn't give you that,
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ื ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืš." ื•ืื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืœื ื™ืกืคืง ืœื• ืืช ื–ื”
06:40
you go somewhere else.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืคื ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
06:42
That's not very good for doctors' business.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจื•ืคื ืžื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืขืกืงื™,
06:43
Or even worse,
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ืื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืš,
06:45
if you are diagnosed with something eventually, and the doctor didn't order that test,
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ืื ืžืื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื”ืจื•ืคื ืœื ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”
06:49
you get sued.
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ื™ืชื‘ืขื• ืื•ืชื•.
06:51
We have pharmaceutical companies that are constantly trying to expand
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืžื ืกื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘
06:54
the indications, expand the number of people who are eligible for a given treatment,
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ืืช ื”ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืชื•ืŸ
07:00
because that obviously helps their bottom line. We have advocacy groups,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืชื•ืจื ืœืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช-ืชืžื™ื›ื”
07:03
like the one that's come up with pre-vivor,
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ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ืืช ื”"ืงื“ื-ืฉื•ืจื“",
07:05
who want to make more and more people feel they are at risk, or might have a condition,
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ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
07:09
so that they can raise more funds
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืคื™ื
07:11
and raise visibility, et cetera.
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ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
07:14
But this isn't actually,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ --
07:16
despite what journalists typically do, this isn't actually about blaming
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื‘ื“"ื› ืขื•ืฉื™ื, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ
07:19
particular players.
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ื‘ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
07:20
We are all responsible.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื.
07:22
I'm responsible.
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ืื ื™ ืื—ืจืื™.
07:23
I actually root for the Yankees, I mean talk about
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ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื•ื”ื“ ืฉืœ ื”"ื™ืื ืงื™ื–", ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื
07:26
rooting for the worst possible
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ืขืœ ืœืฆื“ื“ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช
07:29
offender when it comes to doing everything you can do.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชืš.
07:32
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
07:34
But everyone is responsible.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ืื—ืจืื™ื.
07:38
I went to medical school,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™"ืก ืœืจืคื•ืื”,
07:40
and I didn't have a course called How to Think Skeptically,
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ื•ืœื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืงื•ืจืก ื‘ืฉื "ืื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืงื ื•ืช",
07:45
or How Not to Order Tests.
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ืื• "ืื™ืš ืœื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช".
07:47
We have this system
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
07:50
where that's what you do.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื.
07:52
And it actually took being a journalist
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™
07:55
to understand all these incentives. You know, economists like to say,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ
07:59
there are no bad people,
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื
08:00
there are just bad incentives.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืจืขื™ื.
08:02
And that's actually true.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
08:03
Because what we've created is a sort of Field of Dreams, when it comes to medical technology.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ "ืฉื“ื” ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช" ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช
08:07
So when you put another MRI in every corner, you put a robot
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ื•ื›ืฉืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื”, ืฉืžื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
08:12
in every hospital saying that everyone has to have robotic surgery.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™"ื—, ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™,
08:16
Well, we've created a system where if you build it, they will come.
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ืื– ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื”ื•, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช.
08:19
But you can actually perversely
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช
08:23
tell people to come, convince them
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ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื, ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื
08:26
that they have to come.
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ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื.
08:27
It was when I became a journalist that I really realized how I was part of this problem,
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ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืชืคืกืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
08:32
and how we all are part of this problem.
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ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
08:34
I was medicalizing every risk factor, I was writing stories, commissioning stories,
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ื›ืœ ืžืงื“ื-ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื•ืื™ืฉืจืชื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
08:38
every day, that were trying to,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื•
08:41
not necessarily make people worried, although that was what often happened.
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื“ืื™ื’, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืงืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
08:44
But, you know, there are ways out.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืš.
08:47
I saw my own internist last week,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืืฆืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื™,
08:49
and he said to me,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™,
08:52
"You know," and he told me something that
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื•
08:54
everyone in this audience could have told me for free,
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ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื›ืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื—ื™ื ื-ืื™ืŸ-ื›ืกืฃ
08:57
but I paid him for the privilege, which is that
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืœืžืชื™ ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™
08:59
I need to lose some weight.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจื“ืช ืงืฆืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ.
09:01
Well, he's right. I've had honest-to-goodness high blood pressure
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง. ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื—ืฅ-ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”
09:05
for a dozen years now, same
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
09:07
age my father got it,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืื‘ื™ ืกื‘ืœ ืžื–ื”,
09:09
and it's a real disease. It's not pre-hypertension, it's actual
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ื•ื–ื• ืžื—ืœื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ื–ื” ืœื ืงื“ื-ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
09:13
hypertension, high blood pressure.
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ื–ื” ืœื—ืฅ-ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
09:15
Well, he's right,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง,
09:16
but he didn't say to me,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื™,
09:19
well, you have pre-obesity or
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"ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืงื“ื-ื”ืฉืžื ืช-ื™ืชืจ,
09:20
you have pre-diabetes, or anything like that. He didn't say,
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ืงื“ื-ืกื•ื›ืจืช," ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžืจ,
09:24
better start taking this Statin, you need to lower your cholesterol.
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"ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ."
09:27
No, he said, "Go out and lose some weight. Come back and see me in a bit,
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ืœื. ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืœืš ืชื•ืจื™ื“ ืงืฆืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื ืชืจืื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:30
or just give me a call and let me know how you're doing."
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ืื• ืฆืœืฆืœ ืืœื™ ื•ืชื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื™ ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ืš."
09:32
So that's, to me,
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ื•ื–ื•, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™
09:34
a way forward.
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ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช.
09:36
Billy Beane, by the way, learned the same thing.
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืื’ื‘, ืœืžื“ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:38
He learned,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“
09:40
from watching this kid who he eventually hired, who was really successful for him,
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ืžื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืขืจ ืฉืฉื›ืจ, ืฉืžืื“ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืืฆืœื•,
09:43
that it wasn't swinging for the fences, it wasn't swinging at every pitch
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ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื—ื‘ื•ื˜ ืขื“ ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืฉื”
09:48
like the sluggers do, which is what all the expensive teams like the Yankees like to --
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ื›ืžื• ืฉ"ืื’ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ" ืขื•ืฉื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”"ื™ืื ืงื™ื–" ืจื•ืฆื•ืช--
09:53
they like to pick up those guys.
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ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
09:54
This kid told him, you know, you gotta watch the guys, and you gotta go out and find
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ื”ื ืขืจ ืืžืจ ืœื•, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื– ืœืžืฆื•ื
09:59
the guys who like to walk,
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ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœืœื›ืช,
10:00
because getting on base by a walk
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ื›ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
10:02
is just as good, and in our healthcare system
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
10:05
we need to figure out,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช
10:06
is that really a good pitch
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ืื ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื’ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
10:08
or should we let it go by and not swing at everything?
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ืื• ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžื ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืœื”ื ื™ืฃ ืžื—ื‘ื˜?
10:11
Thanks.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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