Shai Agassi: A new ecosystem for electric cars

127,352 views ใƒป 2009-04-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: shay elbaz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:18
So how would you run a whole country without oil?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืชื ื”ืœื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืœื™ ื ืคื˜?
00:22
That's the question that sort of hit me
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ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
00:24
in the middle of a Davos afternoon about four years ago.
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ืื—ืจ ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืื‘ื•ืก ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.
00:27
It never left my brain.
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื™ ืžื ื•ื—.
00:29
And I started playing with it more like a puzzle.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืื–ืœ.
00:32
The original thought I had: this must be ethanol.
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ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืชื ื•ืœ (ื›ื”ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื).
00:34
So I went out and researched ethanol,
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืชื ื•ืœ.
00:36
and found out you need the Amazon in your backyard in every country.
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืืช ื ื”ืจ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ืก ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื”.
00:39
About six months later I figured out it must be hydrogen,
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ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืžืŸ,
00:42
until some scientist told me the unfortunate truth,
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ืขื“ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ืžื“ืขืŸ ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ืžืจื”,
00:45
which is, you actually use more
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:48
clean electrons than the ones you get
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ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ
00:50
inside a car, if you use hydrogen.
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ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืกืขืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืžืŸ.
00:52
So that is not going to be the path to go.
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื”.
00:55
And then sort of through a process of
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ื•ืื– ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”
00:58
wandering around, I got to the thought
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ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื”
01:00
that actually if you could convert an entire country to electric cars,
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ืฉืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช,
01:03
in a way that is convenient and affordable,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื–ื•ืœื”,
01:06
you could get to a solution.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
01:09
Now I started this from a point of view that
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜
01:12
it has to be something that scales en masse.
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ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™.
01:14
Not how do you build one car,
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ืœื ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช.
01:16
but how do you scale this so that it can become
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ืืœื ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš
01:18
something that is used by 99 percent of the population?
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ืฉ-99 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”.
01:23
The thought that came to mind is that it needs to be as good
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืขืœืชื” ืœืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
01:26
as any car that you would have today.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:28
So one, it has to be more convenient than a car.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
01:31
And two, it has be more affordable than today's cars.
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™, ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:34
Affordable is not a 40,000 dollar sedan, right?
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ื‘-"ืžืฉืชืœืžืช" ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืกื“ืŸ ื‘-40,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
01:37
Alright? That's not something that we can finance or buy today.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืžืŸ ืื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:40
And convenient is not something that you drive for an hour and charge for eight.
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ื•ื ื•ื—ื” ื–ื” ืœื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื” ืฉืขื” ื•ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขื•ืช.
01:44
So we're bound with the laws of physics
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ื›ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ื™ื
01:47
and the laws of economics.
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ื•ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
01:49
And so the thought that I started with was
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืคืชื—ืชื™ ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
01:52
how do you do this, still within the boundary
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช
01:55
of the science we know today --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื,
01:57
no time for science fair, no time for playing around with things
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ ืžื“ืขื™, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
02:00
or waiting for the magic battery to show up.
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ืื• ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืกื•ืžื” ืฉืชื•ืคื™ืข.
02:02
How do you do it within the economics that we have today?
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื?
02:04
How do you do it from the power of the consumer up?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืš, ืฉื–ื” ื™ื—ืœ ืžืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ?
02:06
And not from the power of an edict down.
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ื•ืœื ืžื›ื•ื— ื—ื•ืง ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
02:09
On a random visit to Tesla on some afternoon,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืกืœื” (ื˜ืกืœื” ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก - ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช) ื‘ืื—ืจ ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ื“,
02:12
I actually found out that the answer comes
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข
02:14
from separating between the car ownership
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ืžื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช
02:17
and the battery ownership.
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ืœื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”.
02:19
In a sense if you want to think about it this is the classic
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืงืจื” ืงืœืืกื™,
02:22
"batteries not included."
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"ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช."
02:25
Now if you separate between the two,
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ื•ืื ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื,
02:27
you could actually answer the need for a convenient car
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื ื•ื—ื”
02:30
by creating a network,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช,
02:32
by creating a network before the cars show up.
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
02:35
The network has two components in them.
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ื‘ืจืฉืช ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื.
02:38
First component is you charge the car whenever you stop --
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ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขื•ืฆืจ -
02:41
ends up that cars are these strange beasts that drive
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืกืขื™ื
02:44
for about two hours and park for about 22 hours.
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ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื›-22 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”.
02:47
If you drive a car in the morning and drive it back in the afternoon
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ืื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื
02:51
the ratio of charge to drive is about a minute for a minute.
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ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื“ืงื” ืœื“ืงื”.
02:54
And so the first thought that came to mind is,
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ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื,
02:56
everywhere we park we have electric power.
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื—ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช.
02:59
Now it sounds crazy. But in some places around the world,
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ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
03:01
like Scandinavia, you already have that.
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ื›ืžื• ืกืงื ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืชื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘.
03:04
If you park your car and didn't plug in the heater,
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ืื ื—ื ื™ืชื ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื‘ืจืชื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืžื,
03:06
when you come back you don't have a car. It just doesn't work.
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ื›ืฉืชื—ื–ืจื• ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชืขื‘ื•ื“.
03:09
Now that last mile,
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ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
03:12
last foot, in a sense,
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ืื• ื”ืžื˜ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื,
03:14
is the first step of the infrastructure.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช.
03:15
The second step of the infrastructure needs to take care
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ
03:17
of the range extension.
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ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ืง ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”.
03:19
See we're bound by today's technology on batteries,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื,
03:22
which is about 120 miles if you want to stay within
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 190 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœื˜ืขื™ื ื” ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš
03:24
reasonable space and weight limitations.
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ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื— ื•ืžืฉืงืœ.
03:28
120 miles is a good enough range for a lot of people.
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190 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื–ื” ืžืจื—ืง ืœื ืจืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:32
But you never want to get stuck.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื”ื™ืชืงืข.
03:34
So what we added is a second element to our network,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคื ื• ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืจืฉืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:36
which is a battery swap system.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”.
03:38
You drive. You take your depleted battery out.
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ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”. ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืจื•ืงื ืช.
03:41
A full battery comes on. And you drive on.
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ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืœืื”, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
03:44
You don't do it as a human being. You do it as a machine.
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ื•ืืชื” ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืš. ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš.
03:46
It looks like a car wash. You come into your car wash.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžืชืงืŸ ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžืชืงืŸ,
03:49
And a plate comes up, holds your battery, takes it out, puts it back in, and
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ืžืกื•ืข ื™ื•ืฆื, ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”, ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ืžื›ื ื™ืก ื—ื“ืฉื”.
03:52
within two minutes you're back on the road
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ืชื•ืš ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉ.
03:54
and you can go again.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืกื•ืข.
03:57
If you had charge spots everywhere,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
03:59
and you had battery swap stations everywhere,
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ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
04:01
how often would you do it? And it ends up
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ืคื•? ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ
04:03
that you'd do swapping less times than you stop at a gas station.
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ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื“ืœืง.
04:07
As a matter of fact, we added to the contract.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ืกืคื ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”.
04:10
We said that if you stop to swap your battery more than 50 times a year
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ืื ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-50 ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื”
04:13
we start paying you money
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืœื›ื ื›ืกืฃ
04:15
because it's an inconvenience.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช.
04:17
Then we looked at the question of the affordability.
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ืื– ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:20
We looked at the question, what happens when the battery is
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ืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”
04:22
disconnected from the car.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ืช ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
04:24
What is the cost of that battery?
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ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”?
04:26
Everybody tells us batteries are so expensive.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืื“ ื™ืงืจื•ืช.
04:28
What we found out, when you move from molecules to electrons,
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืœืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื,
04:31
something interesting happens.
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ืงื•ืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
04:33
We can go back to the original economics of the car and look at it again.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
04:36
The battery is not the gas tank, in a sense.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืง.
04:38
Remember in your car you have a gas tank.
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื“ืœืง.
04:40
You have the crude oil.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื ืคื˜ ื’ื•ืœืžื™.
04:42
And you have refining and delivery of that crude oil
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ืงืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•
04:44
as what we call petrol or gasoline.
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ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืœืง.
04:46
The battery in this sense, is the crude oil.
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™.
04:50
We have a battery bay. It costs the same hundred dollars
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”, ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
04:53
as the gas tank.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืง.
04:55
But the crude oil is replaced with a battery.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”.
04:57
Just it doesn't burn. It consumes itself
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืฉืจืคืช, ืืœื ืžืขื›ืœืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”
04:59
step after step after step.
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ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“.
05:01
It has 2,000 life cycles these days.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื.
05:03
And so it's sort of a mini well.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืจ ืงื˜ื ื”.
05:06
We were asked in the past when we bought an electric car
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ื ืชื‘ืงืฉื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื ื™ื ื• ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฉืžืœื™
05:08
to pay for the entire well, for the life of the car.
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ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืืจ, ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
05:10
Nobody wants to buy a mini well when they buy a car.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
05:13
In a sense what we've done is
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
05:15
we've created a new consumable.
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ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืœืง ื—ื“ืฉ.
05:17
You, today, buy gasoline miles.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืืชื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง.
05:19
And we created electric miles.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
05:22
And the price of electric miles ends up being a very interesting number.
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
05:26
Today 2010, in volume,
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ื›ื™ื•ื 2010, ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™
05:28
when we come to market, it is eight cents a mile.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” 20 ืื’' ืœืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
05:32
Those of you who have a hard time calculating what that means --
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ืœืžื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
05:34
in the average consumer
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ืืฆืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
05:37
environment we're in in the U.S.
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
05:39
20 miles per gallon that's a buck 50, a buck 60 a gallon.
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ื’ืœื•ืŸ ื“ืœืง ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™.
05:42
That's cheaper than today's gasoline, even in the U.S.
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ื–ื” ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
05:46
In Europe where taxes are in place,
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ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืกื™ื,
05:49
that's the equivalent to a minus 60 dollar barrel.
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืžื™ื ื•ืก 60 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืช.
05:54
But e-miles follow Moore's Law.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืจ.
05:58
They go from eight cents a mile in 2010,
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ื‘-2010 ื”ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ืื’ื•ืจื•ืช
06:01
to four cents a mile in 2015,
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ื‘-2015 ื”ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืขืฉืจ ืื’ื•ืจื•ืช,
06:03
to two cents a mile by 2020.
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ื•ื‘-2020 ื”ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืœื—ืžืฉ ืื’ื•ืจื•ืช.
06:07
Why? Because batteries life cycle improve --
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ืœืžื”? ื›ื™ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืฉืชืคืจ --
06:10
a bit of improvement on energy density, which reduces the price.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ.
06:13
And these prices are actually with clean electrons.
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ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื.
06:16
We do not use any electrons that come from coal.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืคื—ื.
06:20
So in a sense this is
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ืื– ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื
06:22
an absolute zero-carbon, zero-fossil fuel
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ืœืœื ืคื—ื, ืœืœื ื“ืœืง,
06:25
electric mile at two cents a mile by 2020.
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ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื“ 2020.
06:29
Now even if we get to 40 miles per gallon
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ื’ื ืื ื ื’ื™ืข ืœ-65 ืง"ืž ืœื’ืœื•ืŸ
06:31
by 2020, which is our desire.
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ืขื“ 2020, ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืฉืœื ื•,
06:33
Imagine only 40 miles per gallon cars would be on the road.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืจืง ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืชืกืขื ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื.
06:36
That is an 80 cent gallon.
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ื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืŸ.
06:38
An 80 cent gallon means, if the entire Pacific
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื’ื ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜
06:40
would convert to crude oil,
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ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื ืคื˜,
06:42
and we'd let any oil company bring it out and refine it,
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืœื–ืงืง ืื•ืชื•,
06:45
they still can't compete with two cents a mile.
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ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
06:49
That's a new economic factor,
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ,
06:51
which is fascinating to most people.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:53
Now this would have been a wonderful paper.
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืืžืจ.
06:55
That's how I solved it in my head. It was a white paper I handed out to governments.
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ืคืชืจืชื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™, ื•ื”ื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช.
06:58
And some governments told me that it's fascinating
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืจืชืง
07:00
that the younger generation actually thinks about these things.
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ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
07:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:04
Until I got to the
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœ
07:06
true young global leader, Shimon Peres, President of Israel,
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืจืก, ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
07:09
and he ran a beautiful manipulation on me.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื™ืคื” ืžืื•ื“.
07:12
First he let me go to the prime minister of the country,
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
07:14
who told me, if you can find the money you need for this network,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™, ืื ืืชื” ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
07:16
200 million dollars,
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200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
07:18
and if you can find a car company
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
07:20
that will build that car in mass volume,
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ืฉืชื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื—ืจื™,
07:22
in two million cars -- that's what we needed in Israel --
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื–ืืช ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
07:24
I'll give you country to invest the 200 million into.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื” ืืช ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
07:28
Peres thought that was a great idea.
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ืคืจืก ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ.
07:31
So we went out, and we looked at all the car companies.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
07:35
We sent letters to all the car companies.
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ืฉืœื—ื ื• ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
07:37
Three of them never showed up. One of them asked us
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ืขื ื•. ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื ื•
07:39
if we would stay with hybrids and they would give us a discount.
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขื ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ื”ื ื—ื”.
07:42
But one of them Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Renault and Nissan,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืงืจืœื•ืก ื’ื•ืกืŸ, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืจื ื• ื•ื ื™ืกืืŸ,
07:45
when asked about hybrids said something very fascinating.
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ืืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.
07:48
He said hybrids are like mermaids.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื.
07:50
When you want a fish you get a woman and
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื“ื’, ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื”
07:52
when you need a woman you get a fish.
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืื™ืฉื”, ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื“ื’.
07:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:57
And Ghosn came up and said,
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ื•ื’ื•ืกืŸ ืขื ื” ืœื ื•,
07:59
"I have the car, Mr. Peres; I will build you the cars."
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"ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘, ืžืจ ืคืจืก, ืื ื™ ืื‘ื ื” ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช"
08:01
And actually true to form, Renault has put a billion and a half dollars
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืืžืช, ืจื ื• ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื“ื•ืœืจ
08:04
in building nine different types of cars that fit this kind of model
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืขื” ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื”.
08:07
that will come into the market in mass volume --
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ืฉื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง,
08:10
mass volume being the first year, 100 thousand cars.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” 100 ืืœืฃ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
08:13
It's the first mass-volume electric car,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœืฉื•ืง ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™
08:15
zero-emission electric car in the market.
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ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœืœื ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœืฉื•ืง
08:18
I was running, as Chris said,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ืืžืจ, ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“
08:22
to be the CEO of a large software company called SAP
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ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื SAP
08:25
And then Peres said, "Well won't you run this project?"
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ื•ืื– ืคืจืก ืืžืจ ืœื™ "ืืชื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช?"
08:29
And I said, "I'm ready for CEO" And he said,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• "ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช SAP" ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
08:31
"Oh no no no no no. You've got to explain to me,
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"ืœื ืœื ืœื, ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™
08:34
what is more important than saving your country and saving the world,
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ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืฉืืชื” ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
08:36
that you would go and do?"
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ืฉืชืœืš ื•ืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช?"
08:38
And I had to quit and come and do this thing called A Better Place.
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ื‘ื˜ืจ ืคืœื™ื™ืก" (ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ)
08:40
We then decided to scale it up.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜.
08:43
We went to other countries. As I said we went to Denmark.
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ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื“ื ืžืจืง.
08:45
And Denmark set this beautiful policy;
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ื•ื“ื ืžืจืง ื™ืฆืจื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื”
08:47
it's called the IQ test.
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”-IQ".
08:49
It's inversely proportional to taxes.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช.
08:51
They put 180 percent tax on gasoline cars
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ื”ื ืฉืžื• 180% ืžืก ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืœืง
08:55
and zero tax on zero-emission cars.
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ื•ืืคืก ืื—ื•ื– ืžืก ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–.
08:57
So if you want to buy a gasoline car in Denmark, it costs you about 60,000 Euros.
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื“ืœืง ื‘ื“ื ืžืจืง ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” 60 ืืœืฃ ื™ื•ืจื•.
09:01
If you buy our car it's about 20,000 Euros.
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ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ืœื” 20 ืืœืฃ ื™ื•ืจื•.
09:03
If you fail the IQ test they ask you to leave the country.
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ืื ืืชื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”-IQ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื›ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
09:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:08
We then were sort of coined as the guys
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
09:10
who run only in small islands.
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ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืจืง ืœืื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
09:12
I know most people don't think of Israel as a small island,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืื™ ืงื˜ืŸ
09:14
but Israel is an island -- it's a transportation island.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืื™. ืื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
09:17
If your car is driving outside Israel it's been stolen.
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ื”ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœืš ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื’ื ื‘.
09:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:22
If you're thinking about it in terms of islands,
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื
09:25
we decided to go to the biggest island that we could find,
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื.
09:27
and that was Australia. The third country we announced was Australia.
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ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉื”ื›ืจื–ื ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
09:30
It's got three centers --
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ื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื
09:32
in Brisbane, in Melbourne, in Sydney --
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืฉื‘ืืŸ, ื‘ืžืœื‘ื•ืจืŸ ื•ืกื™ื“ื ื™
09:35
and one freeway, one electric freeway that connects them.
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ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืื—ื“, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
09:37
The next island
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ื”ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืžืฆืื ื•
09:39
was not too hard to find, and that was Hawaii.
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ืฉืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ืื™.
09:41
We decided to come into the U.S.
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจื”"ื‘
09:43
and pick the two best places --
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ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:45
the one where you didn't need any range extension.
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ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื”
09:47
Hawaii you can drive around the island on one battery.
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ื”ื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืื™ ืขื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืื—ืช.
09:49
And if you really have a long day you can switch,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ืืจื•ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื”
09:51
and keep on driving around the island.
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ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืกื•ืข ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืื™
09:53
The second one was the San Francisco Bay Area
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืฅ ืกืืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื•
09:55
where Gavin Newsom created a beautiful policy across all the mayors.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื’ืื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืกื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื•.
09:58
He decided that he's going to take over
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงื—ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ื•
10:00
the state, unofficially, and then officially,
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ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ื•ืื– ืคื•ืจืžืœื™
10:03
and then created this beautiful Region One policy.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฆืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ
10:07
In the San Francisco Bay Area not only do you have
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ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืกืืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš
10:09
the highest concentration of Priuses,
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ืืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืคืจื™ื•ืก,
10:11
but you also have the perfect range extender.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง
10:13
It's called the other car.
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ืฉื ืงืจื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ.
10:15
As we stared scaling it up
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื–ืืช
10:18
we looked at what is the problem to come up to the U.S.?
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ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจื”"ื‘?
10:21
Why is this a big issue?
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ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื?
10:23
And the most fascinating thing we've learned is that,
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•
10:25
when you have small problems on the individual level,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“,
10:28
like the price of gasoline to drive every morning.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
10:31
You don't notice it, but when the aggregate comes up
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ืœื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ
10:33
you're dead. Alright?
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ืืชื” ืžืช. ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
10:35
So the price of oil, much like
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ืื– ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ืคื˜, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื•
10:38
lots of other curves that we've seen,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื ื•
10:40
goes along a depletion curve.
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ืชืœื•ืœื”
10:42
The foundation of this curve is that we keep losing the wells that are close to the ground.
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ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืข.
10:45
And we keep getting wells that are farther away from the ground.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืงืจืงืข.
10:48
It becomes more and more and more expensive to dig them out.
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืœื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื ืคื˜.
10:50
You think, well it's been up, it's been down,
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืขืœื”, ื–ื” ื™ืจื“,
10:53
its been up, it's going to keep on going up and down.
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ื–ื” ืขืœื”, ื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ืจื“ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
10:55
Here is the problem:
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ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”:
10:57
at 147 dollars a barrel, which we were in six months ago,
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ื‘-147 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
11:00
the U.S. spent a ton of money to get oil.
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืงื ื™ื™ืช ื ืคื˜.
11:04
Then we lost our economy and we went back down to 47 --
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ื•ืื– ื”ืคืกื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื•ื™ืจื“ื ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ-47 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช.
11:07
sometimes it's 40, sometimes it's 50.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” 40 ืœืคืขืžื™ื 50
11:09
Now we're running a stimulus package.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื.
11:11
It's called the trillion-dollar stimulus package.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืœ ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื".
11:13
We're going to revive the economy. Hopefully it happens between now and 2015,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”. ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2015
11:17
somewhere in that space.
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ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”
11:19
What happens when the economy recovers?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืชืื•ืฉืฉืช?
11:22
By 2015 we would have had at least 250 million new cars
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ืขื“ 2015 ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
11:27
even at the pace we're going at right now.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข.
11:29
That's another 30 percent demand on oil.
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ื–ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 30 ืื—ื•ื– ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื“ืœืง.
11:31
That is another 25 million barrels a day.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ 25 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื
11:34
That's all the U.S. usage today.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:38
In other words at some point when we've recovered we go up to the peak.
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ื ืื•ืฉืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”.
11:41
And then we do the OPEC stimulus package
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ื•ืื– ื ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ OPEC (ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ืคื˜)
11:43
also known as 200 dollars a barrel.
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ืฉื’ื ื ืงืจืืช "200 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืช".
11:45
We take our money and we give it away.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
11:47
You know what happens at that point?
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”?
11:49
We go back down. It's going to go up and down.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืจื“ืช
11:51
And the downs are going to be much longer
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ื•ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช
11:53
and the ups are going to be much shorter.
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ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช
11:55
And that's the difference between problems that are additive,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื•ืช,
11:58
like CO2, which we go slowly up and then we tip,
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ื›ืžื• CO2, ืฉืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื•ืื– ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ,
12:01
and problems that are depletive,
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช
12:03
in which we lose what we have,
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉื ืคืกื™ื“ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,
12:05
which oscillate, and they oscillate until
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ืžื” ืฉืžืชื ื•ื“ื“ ื•ืžืชื ื•ื“ื“ ืขื“
12:07
we lose everything we've got.
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ืฉื ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
12:11
Now we actually looked at what the answer would be.
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ืื– ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
12:13
Right? Remember in the campaign: one million
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
12:15
hybrid cars by 2015.
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ 2015.
12:19
That is 0.5 percent of the U.S. oil consumption.
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ื–ื” 0.5 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื ืคื˜
12:23
That is oh point oh well percent of the rest of the world.
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ื–ื” ืืคืก ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืืคืก ืื—ื•ื– ืžืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
12:28
That won't do much difference.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
12:30
We looked at an MIT study:
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ MIT
12:32
ten million electric cars on the global roads.
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10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
12:35
Ten million out of 500 million we will add between now and then.
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10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืž500 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขื“ ืื–.
12:39
That is the most pessimistic number you can have.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืคืกื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
12:41
It's also the most optimistic number
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ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™
12:43
because it means we will scale this industry
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™
12:46
from 100 thousand cars is 2011,
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ืž100 ืืœืฃ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011
12:48
to 10 million cars by 2016 --
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ืœ10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016
12:52
100 x growth in less than five years.
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ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ 100 ื‘5 ืฉื ื™ื
12:57
You have to remember that the world today is bringing in so many cars.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
13:00
We have 10 million cars by region.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ
13:03
That's an enormous amount of cars.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
13:05
China is adding those cars --
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ืกื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
13:07
India, Russia, Brazil.
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ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
13:09
We have all these regions.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
13:11
Europe has solved it. They just put a tax on gasoline.
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ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืชืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื”ืจื”. ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื ืžื™ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืœืง.
13:13
They'll be the first in line to get off
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ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืง.
13:15
because their prices are high.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื
13:17
China solves it by an edict. At some point they'll just declare
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ืกื™ืŸ ืชืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื”ื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
13:19
that no gasoline car will come into a city, and that will be it.
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ืฉืืฃ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ืœื ืชื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ืจ. ื•ื–ื”ื•.
13:23
The Indians don't even understand why we think of it as a problem
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ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื” ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ืขื™ื”
13:26
because most people in India fill two or three gallons every time.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื 2-3 ื’ืœื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืคืขื
13:28
For them to get a battery that goes 120 miles
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœ190 ืง"ืž
13:31
is an extension on range, not a reduction in range.
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ื–ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืจื—ืง, ืœื ื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื•ืข
13:35
We're the only ones who don't have the price set right.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
13:38
We don't have the industry set right.
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืœื ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ
13:40
We don't have any incentive to go and resolve it
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื–ืืช
13:42
across the U.S.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
13:44
Now where is the car industry on that?
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ืื™ืคื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื?
13:46
Very interesting. The car industry has been focused just on themselves.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืขืฆืžื”.
13:49
They basically looked at it and said, "Car 1.0
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ื”ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ืืžืจื• "ื”ืจื›ื‘ 1.0
13:51
we'll solve everything within the car itself."
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ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืขืฆืžื•".
13:55
No infrastructure, no problem.
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ืœืœื ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ืœืœื ื‘ืขื™ื”
13:58
We forgot about the entire chain around us.
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ืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืจื›ื‘.
14:01
All this stuff that happens around.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•
14:03
We are looking at the emergence of a car 2.0 --
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ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ 2.0
14:06
a whole new market, a whole new business model.
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ืฉื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืง ื—ื“ืฉ.
14:09
The business model in which the money that is actually coming in,
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื,
14:12
to drive the car --
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ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘
14:14
the minutes, the miles if you want,
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ื”ื“ืงื•ืช, ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“
14:16
that you are all familiar with --
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ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื,
14:18
subsidize the price of the car,
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ืžืžืžื ื™ื ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘,
14:21
just like cellphones. You'll pay for the miles.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื. ืืชื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
14:23
And some of it will go back to the car maker.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.
14:25
Some of it will go back to your own pocket.
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ื—ืœืง ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื™ืก ืฉืœื ื•.
14:28
But our cars are actually going to be cheaper than gasoline cars.
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ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืœืง.
14:31
You're looking at a world where cars are matched with windmills.
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ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื—ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื—
14:35
In Denmark, we will drive all the cars in Denmark
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ื‘ื“ื ืžืจืง, ื ืกื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื
14:38
from windmills, not from oil.
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ืขืœ ื˜ื—ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ืœืง.
14:41
In Israel, we've asked to put a solar farm
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ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช
14:45
in the south of Israel.
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
14:47
And people said, "Oh that's a very very large space that you're asking for."
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื•, "ืื•, ืืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ื— ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ"
14:50
And we said, "What if we had proven that in the same space
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ื•ืื ื• ืืžืจื ื•, "ื•ืžื” ืื ื ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื
14:52
we found oil for the country for the next hundred years?"
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ื ืžืฆื ื ืคื˜ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช?"
14:55
And they said, "We tried. There isn't any."
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ."
14:57
We said, "No no, but what if we prove it?"
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ื•ืืžืจื ื•, "ืœื ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช?"
14:59
And they said, "Well you can dig." And we decided to dig up,
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, " ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืคื•ืจ." ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœ"ื—ืคื•ืจ" ืœืžืขืœื”
15:01
instead of digging down.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžื˜ื”
15:03
These are perfect matches to one another.
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ืืœื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”
15:06
Now all you need is about 10 percent
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื–ื” 10 ืื—ื•ื–
15:09
of the electricity generated.
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ืฉืœ ืชืฆืจื•ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
15:11
Think of it as a project that spans over about 10 years.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœ10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
15:14
That's one percent a year.
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ื–ื” ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื”
15:16
Now when we're looking at solving big problems,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
15:19
we need to start thinking in two numbers.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื
15:21
And those are not 20 percent by 2020.
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ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ืœื 20 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘2020
15:23
The two numbers are zero -- as in zero footprint or zero oil --
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื 0, ื›ืžื• ืืคืก ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืจื’ืœ ืื• ืืคืก ื ืคื˜
15:28
and scale it infinity.
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ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืœืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ
15:31
And when we go to COP15 at the end of this year
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื’ื™ืข ืœ-COP15 (ื›ื ืก ื”ืื•"ื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืืœื™ืช) ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”
15:33
we can't stop thinking of padding CO2.
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ืื ื• ืœื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช CO2.
15:35
We have to start thinking about giving kickers to countries
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
15:37
that are willing to go to this kind of scale.
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ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ื”.
15:40
One car emits four tons.
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ื›ืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืคื•ืœื˜ 4 ื˜ื•ืŸ CO2.
15:42
And actually 700 and change million cars today
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ื•ืžืขืœ 700 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
15:44
emit 2.8 billion tons of CO2.
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ืžืคื™ืงื™ื 2.8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื˜ื•ืŸ CO2
15:47
That's, in the additive, about 25 percent of our problem.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœ25 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
15:50
Cars and trucks add up to about 25 percent of the world's CO2 emissions.
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ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœ25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”CO2 ื‘ืขื•ืœื
15:55
We have to come and attack this problem
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
15:57
with a focus, with an effort that actually says,
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ืขื ืคื•ืงื•ืก, ืขื ืžืืžืฅ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืื•ืžืจ,
15:59
we're going to go to zero before the world ends.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืืคืก ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื’ืžืจ
16:02
I actually shared that with some legislators here in the U.S.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
16:06
I shared it with a gentleman called Bobby Kennedy Jr., who is one of my idols.
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ืื ื™ ื—ืœืงืชื™ ื–ืืช ืขื ื’'ื ื˜ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื•ื‘ ืงื ื“ื™ ื’'ื•ื ื™ื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฅ.
16:11
I told him one of the reasons that
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช
16:13
his uncle was remembered
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ืฉื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœื•
16:15
is because he said we're going to send a man to the moon,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื“ื ืœื™ืจื—
16:18
and we'll do it by the end of the decade.
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ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื”
16:20
We didn't say we're going to send a man 20 percent to the moon.
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ืœื ืืžืจื ื• ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืื“ื ืœื™ืจื— ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืœ 20 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืข.
16:23
And there will be about a 20 percent chance we'll recover him.
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ.
16:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:29
He actually shared with me another story, which is from about 200 years ago.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืชืฃ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœืคื ื™ 200 ืฉื ื”.
16:33
200 years ago, in Parliament, in Great Britain,
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ืœืคื ื™ 200 ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™,
16:36
there was a long argument
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ื”ื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš
16:38
over economy versus morality.
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ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช.
16:40
25 percent -- just like 25 percent emissions today comes from cars --
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25 ืื—ื•ื–, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• 25 ืื—ื•ื– ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ื– ืžืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
16:44
25 percent of their energy
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25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
16:47
for the entire industrial world in the U.K.
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ืœื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”
16:50
came from a source of energy that was immoral:
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช:
16:53
human slaves.
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ืขื‘ื“ื™ื
16:55
And there was an argument. Should we stop using slaves?
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—. ื”ืื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื‘ื“ื™ื?
16:58
And what would it do to our economy?
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ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื”?
17:00
And people said, "Well we need to take time to do it.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื•:" ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
17:02
Let's not do it immediately. Maybe we free the kids
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžื™ื“. ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
17:04
and keep the slaves.
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ื•ื ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื
17:07
And after a month of arguments they decided to stop slavery,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
17:10
and the industrial revolution started within less than one year.
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ื•ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”.
17:14
And the U.K. had 100 years of economic growth.
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ื•ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื ื•ืฆืจื• 100 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื”.
17:18
We have to make the right moral decision.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช.
17:21
We have to make it immediately.
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ื•ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืžื™ื™ื“.
17:24
We need to have presidential leadership
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ื
17:26
just like we had in Israel that said we will end oil.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืืžืจื” ืฉื ืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ื ืคื˜.
17:30
And we need to do it not within 20 years or 50 years,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื ื‘20 ืื• 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
17:34
but within this presidential term
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ืืœื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืขื›ืฉื™ื•ืช
17:37
because if we don't, we will lose our economy,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืœื, ื ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
17:41
right after we'd lost our morality.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
17:43
Thank you all very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื.
17:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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