Kristina Gjerde: Making law on the high seas

18,456 views ใƒป 2010-11-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Avishai Abbo ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
Today I'm going to take you on a voyage
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืชื›ื ืœืžืกืข
00:18
to some place so deep,
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ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืžื•ืงื™ื,
00:20
so dark, so unexplored
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื›ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื ื—ืงืจื™ื
00:23
that we know less about it than we know about the dark side of the moon.
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ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืืคืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื—.
00:26
It's a place of myth and legend.
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช.
00:28
It's a place marked on ancient maps
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืžืคื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช
00:30
as "here be monsters."
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ื›ืืŸ ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช."
00:33
It is a place where each new voyage of exploration
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ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืกืข ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืืœื™ื•
00:36
brings back new discoveries of creatures so wondrous and strange
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ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ื•ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื
00:39
that our forefathers would have considered them monstrous indeed.
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ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช.
00:42
Instead, they just make me green with envy
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืจืง ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืžืงื ืื”
00:44
that my colleague from IUCN
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ืฉืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ืžื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืข (IUCN)
00:46
was able to go on this journey to the south of Madagascar seamounts
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ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืกืข ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืจื™ื ื”ืชืช ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ
00:49
to actually take photographs
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ืœืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
00:51
and to see these wondrous creatures of the deep.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืžืงื™ื.
00:54
We are talking about the high seas.
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ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
00:57
The "high seas" is a legal term,
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ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื— ืžืฉืคื˜ื™,
00:59
but in fact, it covers 50 percent of the planet.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ืžื›ืกื™ื 50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:02
With an average depth of the oceans
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ืขื ืขื•ืžืง ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
01:04
of 4,000 meters,
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ืฉื”ื•ื 4000 ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
01:06
in fact, the high seas covers and provides
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื
01:09
nearly 90 percent of the habitat
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ
01:12
for life on this Earth.
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ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:15
It is, in theory, the global commons,
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ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ื ืžืฉืื‘ ื›ืœืœื™,
01:17
belonging to us all.
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ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
01:19
But in reality,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
01:21
it is managed by and for
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ื”ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืœืžืขืŸ
01:23
those who have the resources
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ืืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
01:25
to go out and exploit it.
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ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชื.
01:28
So today I'm going to take you on a voyage
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืชื›ื ืœืžืกืข
01:30
to cast light on some of the outdated myths
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื
01:32
and legends and assumptions
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ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื—ื•ืช
01:34
that have kept us as the true stakeholders
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ืฉืฉืžืจื• ืื•ืชื ื•, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื
01:37
in the high seas in the dark.
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ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ื—ืฉื›ื”.
01:39
We're going to voyage to some of these special places
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ืื ื• ื ื™ืกืข ืœื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:42
that we've been discovering in the past few years
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
01:44
to show why we really need to care.
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ืฉืžืจืื™ื ืœืžื” ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืื›ืคืช.
01:47
And then finally, we're going to try
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื ืกื”
01:49
to develop and pioneer a new perspective
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ืœืคืชื— ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืจืื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
01:51
on high seas governance
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
01:53
that's rooted in ocean-basin-wide conservation,
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ืฉื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืื’ืŸ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™,
01:56
but framed in an arena of global norms
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช
01:59
of precaution and respect.
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ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
02:02
So here is a picture of the high seas
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
02:04
as seen from above --
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” --
02:06
that area in the darker blue.
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ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื›ื”ื”.
02:08
To me, as an international lawyer,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื•"ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™,
02:10
this scared me far more
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ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:12
than any of the creatures or the monsters we may have seen,
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ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื”ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืจืื™ื ื•,
02:14
for it belies the notion that you can actually protect the ocean,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
02:17
the global ocean,
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
02:19
that provides us all with carbon storage,
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ืฉืžืกืคืง ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ,
02:21
with heat storage, with oxygen,
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ืืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื, ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ,
02:24
if you can only protect 36 percent.
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ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ (ื‘ื—ื•ืง) ืจืง ืขืœ 36 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžื ื•.
02:28
This is indeed the true heart of the planet.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:32
Some of the problems that we have to confront
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ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชืŸ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
02:34
are that the current international laws --
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ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื --
02:36
for example, shipping --
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื˜ --
02:38
provide more protection
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื’ื ื”
02:40
to the areas closest to shore.
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ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฃ.
02:42
For example, garbage discharge,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช,
02:44
something you would think just simply goes away,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื“ืžื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืขืœื,
02:46
but the laws regulating
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืคืงื—ื™ื
02:48
ship discharge of garbage
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžืื ื™ื•ืช
02:50
actually get weaker the further you are from shore.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
02:53
As a result, we have garbage patches
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื•ืฉื™ ื–ื‘ืœ
02:56
the size of twice-Texas.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกืก.
02:59
It's unbelievable.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ืืžืŸ.
03:01
We used to think the solution to pollution
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื
03:04
was dilution,
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืœื•ืœ,
03:06
but that has proved to be no longer the case.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื›ื— ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžืงืจื”.
03:09
So what we have learned from social scientists
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
03:12
and economists like Elinor Ostrom,
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ื•ืžื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืืœื™ื ื•ืจ ืื•ืกื˜ืจื•ื,
03:14
who are studying the phenomenon
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ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื”
03:16
of management of the commons on a local scale,
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ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™,
03:18
is that there are certain prerequisites
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื
03:21
that you can put into place
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื
03:23
that enable you to manage
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืš ืœื ื”ืœ
03:25
and access open space
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคืชื•ื—
03:28
for the good of one and all.
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
03:31
And these include a sense of shared responsibility,
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ื•ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช,
03:34
common norms that bind people together as a community.
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ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
03:37
Conditional access: You can invite people in,
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ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”,
03:40
but they have to be able to play by the rules.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœื™ื.
03:43
And of course, if you want people to play by the rules,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื™ืชื• ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื,
03:45
you still need an effective system
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื”
03:47
of monitoring and enforcement,
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืื›ื™ืคื”,
03:49
for as we've discovered,
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ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•,
03:51
you can trust, but you also need to verify.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื•ื“ื.
03:53
What I'd also like to convey
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ
03:55
is that it is not all doom and gloom
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื‘ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืืคืœื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื•ื
03:57
that we are seeing in the high seas.
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ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
03:59
For a group of very dedicated individuals --
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื“ื•ืจื™ ืžื˜ืจื” --
04:02
scientists, conservationists,
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ,
04:04
photographers and states --
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ืฆืœืžื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช --
04:07
were able to actually change a tragic trajectory
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืจืกื ื™
04:10
that was destroying fragile seascapes
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืจืก ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
04:12
such as this coral garden
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ื›ืžื• ื’ืŸ ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื–ื”
04:14
that you see in front of you.
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ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื.
04:16
That is, we're able to save it from a fate
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื’ื•ืจืœ
04:18
of deep-sea bottom trawling.
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ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ืจืช ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื™ื.
04:20
And how did we do that?
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”?
04:22
Well, as I said, we had a group of photographers that went out on board ships
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืฆืœืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื” ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช
04:25
and actually photographed the activities in process.
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ืฆื™ืœืžื” ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
04:28
But we also spent many hours
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ืช
04:30
in the basements of the United Nations,
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ื‘ืžืจืชืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื,
04:32
trying to work with governments to make them understand
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ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:35
what was going on so far away from land
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ืžื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”
04:37
that few of us had ever even imagined
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ืฉืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•
04:39
that these creatures existed.
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ืฉื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
04:41
So within three years,
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
04:43
from 2003 to 2006,
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ืž-2003 ืขื“ 2006,
04:46
we were able to get norm in place
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื ื•ืจืžื”
04:48
that actually changed the paradigm
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ืฉืžืžืฉ ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื”
04:50
of how fishers went about
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื•ืื™ืคื” ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื“ื’ื™ื
04:52
deep-sea bottom trawling.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื’ืจื™ืจืช ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื.
04:54
Instead of "go anywhere, do anything you want,"
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”,
04:57
we actually created a regime
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืฉื˜ืจ
04:59
that required prior assessment of where you're going
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ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
05:02
and a duty to prevent significant harm.
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ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื–ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
05:05
In 2009, when the U.N. reviewed progress,
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ื‘-2009 ื›ืฉื”ืื•"ื ื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช,
05:08
they discovered
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ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื•
05:10
that almost 100 million square-kilometers of seabed
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ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ 100 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื™ื
05:13
had been protected.
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ื ืขืฉื• ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื.
05:15
This does not mean that it's the final solution,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื,
05:17
or that this even provides permanent protection.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ื”ื’ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”,
05:19
But what it does mean
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ
05:21
is that a group of individuals can form a community
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื”
05:24
to actually shape
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืžืžืฉ ืœืขืฆื‘
05:26
the way high seas are governed,
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ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื,
05:28
to create a new regime.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ.
05:30
So I'm looking optimistically at our opportunities
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:33
for creating a true, blue perspective
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” "ื›ื—ื•ืœื”" ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
05:36
for this beautiful planet.
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ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”.
05:38
Sylvia's wish
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ืžืฉืืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื”
05:40
provides us with that leverage, that access
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ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืฃ, ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”,
05:43
to the heart of human beings,
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ืœืœื™ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
05:45
you might say,
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ืื ืชืจืฆื•,
05:47
who have rarely seen places beyond their own toes,
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ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื,
05:50
but are now hopefully going to become interested
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื™ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•
05:53
in the full life-cycle of creatures like these sea turtles,
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ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
05:56
who indeed spend most of their time in the high seas.
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ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื–ืžื ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
06:00
Today, we're just going to voyage to a small sampling
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืจืง ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืกืข ืœืžื‘ื—ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ
06:03
of some of these special areas,
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ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
06:05
just to give you an idea of the flavor
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ืจืง ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื
06:07
of the riches and wonders they do contain.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื.
06:10
The Sargasso Sea, for example,
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ื™ื ืกืจื’ืืกื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื,
06:12
is not a sea bounded by coastlines,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื ืฉืชื—ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฃ,
06:14
but it is bounded by oceanic currents
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ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื ืชื—ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจืžื™ื ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื
06:17
that contain and envelope
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ืฉื˜ื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื
06:19
this wealth of sargassum
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื’ืืกื•ื
06:21
that grows and aggregates there.
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ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื•ืžืชืคื–ืจ ืฉื.
06:23
It's also known as the spawning ground for eels
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื›ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืฆืœื•ืคื—ื™ื
06:27
from Northern European
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ืžื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
06:29
and Northern American rivers
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ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
06:31
that are now so dwindling in numbers
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ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืžื“ืœื“ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื
06:33
that they've actually stopped showing up in Stockholm,
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉื˜ื•ืงื”ื•ืœื.
06:35
and five showed up in the U.K. just recently.
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ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
06:38
But the Sargasso Sea,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื ืกืจื’ืืกื•,
06:40
the same way it aggregates sargassum weed,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ื’ืจ ืืช ืืฆืช ื”ืกืจื’ืืกื•ื,
06:43
actually is pulling in the plastic
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ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืฉืš ืืœื™ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง
06:45
from throughout the region.
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ.
06:47
This picture doesn't exactly show
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืจืื”
06:49
the plastics that I would like it to show, because I haven't been out there myself.
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ืืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
06:52
But there has just been a study
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžื—ืงืจ
06:54
that was released in February
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ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ
06:56
that showed there are 200,000
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ืฉื”ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื™ื•ื 200,000
06:58
pieces of plastic per square-kilometer
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ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืœืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืข
07:01
now floating in the surface of the Sargasso Sea,
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ืฉืฆืคื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื™ื ืกืจื’ืืกื•,
07:04
and that is affecting the habitat
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ
07:06
for the many species in their juvenile stages
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื
07:09
who come to the Sargasso Sea
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ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื ืกืจื’ืืกื•
07:11
for its protection and its food.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•.
07:14
The Sargasso Sea is also a wondrous place
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ื™ื ืกืจื’ืืกื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืคืœื
07:17
for the aggregation of these unique species
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:19
that have developed to mimic the sargassum habitat.
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ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ืžื ื”ื’ื ืฉืœ ืืฆื•ืช ื”ืกืจื’ืืกื•ื.
07:22
It also provides a special habitat
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ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
07:24
for these flying fish to lay their eggs.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืคืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”ื.
07:28
But what I'd like to get from this picture
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
07:30
is that we truly do have an opportunity
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
07:32
to launch a global initiative for protection.
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ืœื”ื–ื ื™ืง ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ื ื”.
07:35
Thus, the government of Bermuda has recognized the need
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ื•ื›ืš ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจืžื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš
07:38
and its responsibility
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ื•ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื”
07:40
as having some of the Sargasso Sea
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ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื ืกืจื’ืืกื•
07:42
within its national jurisdiction --
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ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœื” --
07:44
but the vast majority is beyond --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ื ืžืฆื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื• --
07:46
to help spearhead a movement
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื”ืœืš
07:48
to achieve protection for this vital area.
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ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
07:50
Spinning down to someplace a little bit cooler than here right now:
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ื ืฆืœื•ืœ ื“ืจื•ืžื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
07:53
the Ross Sea in the Southern Ocean.
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ื™ื ืจื•ืก ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™.
07:55
It's actually a bay.
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ื–ื”ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืคืจืฅ.
07:57
It's considered high seas, because the continent
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ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช
07:59
has been put off limits
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ื”ื•ืฉืžื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื
08:01
to territorial claims.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช,
08:03
So anything in the water is treated as if it's the high seas.
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ื›ืš ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืžื™ื ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
08:06
But what makes the Ross Sea important
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื™ื ืจื•ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘
08:08
is the vast sea of pack ice
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืงืจื—
08:11
that in the spring and summer
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ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืงื™ืฅ
08:13
provides a wealth of phytoplankton and krill
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ืžืกืคืง ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืจื™ืœ
08:15
that supports what, till recently,
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ืฉืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžื”, ืฉืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ,
08:17
has been a virtually intact
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื ืคื’ื•ืขื”
08:19
near-shore ecosystem.
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ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ.
08:22
But unfortunately, CCAMLR,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ CALMAR,
08:24
the regional commission
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ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช
08:26
in charge of conserving and managing fish stocks
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ืฉืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื›ืกื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’
08:28
and other living marine resources,
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ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
08:30
is unfortunately starting to give in to fishing interests
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’
08:33
and has authorized the expansion
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ื•ืžืืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื
08:35
of toothfish fisheries in the region.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื“ื™ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ ื”ืฉืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.
08:38
The captain of a New Zealand vessel
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ืงืคื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื” ื ื™ื•-ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืช
08:40
who was just down there
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ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœืฉื ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ
08:42
is reporting a significant decline
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ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
08:44
in the number of the Ross Sea killer whales,
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจืงื” ื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืก,
08:47
who are directly dependent on the Antarctic toothfish
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ืฉืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื’ื™ ื”ืฉืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื
08:49
as their main source of food.
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ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
08:52
So what we need to do is to stand up boldly,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ,
08:55
singly and together,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื—ื•ื“,
08:57
to push governments,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช,
08:59
to push regional fisheries management organizations,
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ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’,
09:01
to declare our right
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ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื•
09:03
to declare certain areas off-limits to high seas fishing,
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ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื™ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
09:06
so that the freedom to fish no longer means
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื“ื•ื’ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:08
the freedom to fish anywhere and anytime.
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ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื“ื•ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ.
09:11
Coming closer to here, the Costa Rica Dome
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ื ืชืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืืŸ, ื›ื™ืคืช ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”
09:14
is a recently discovered area --
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ื”ื•ื ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ืชื’ืœื” ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ --
09:16
potentially year-round habitat for blue whales.
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ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
09:18
There's enough food there to last them
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ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืื•ืชื
09:20
the summer and the winter long.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
09:22
But what's unusual about the Costa Rica Dome
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืคืช ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”
09:24
is, in fact, it's not a permanent place.
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ื”ื•ื, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ื™ื—.
09:26
It's an oceanographic phenomenon
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ื–ื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช
09:28
that shifts in time and space on a seasonal basis.
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ืฉื–ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขื•ื ืชื™.
09:31
So, in fact, it's not permanently in the high seas.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืžืฆืืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
09:33
It's not permanently in the exclusive economic zones
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื
09:36
of these five Central American countries,
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ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื– ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช,
09:38
but it moves with the season.
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ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื ืขื” ืขื ื”ืขื•ื ื”.
09:41
As such, it does create a challenge to protect,
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ื•ื›ื›ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืชื’ืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”,
09:44
but we also have a challenge protecting the species that move along with it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืืชื’ืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืจื›ื”.
09:47
We can use the same technologies that fishers use
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ
09:50
to identify where the species are,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื,
09:52
in order to close the area
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ
09:54
when it's most vulnerable,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื’ื™ืข,
09:56
which may, in some cases, be year-round.
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ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื”.
09:59
Getting closer to shore, where we are,
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ื ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื—ื•ืฃ, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•,
10:01
this was in fact taken in the Galapagos.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆื•ืœืžื” ื‘ื’ืœืคื’ื•ืก.
10:03
Many species are headed through this region,
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
10:05
which is why there's been so much attention
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืจื‘ื”
10:07
put into conservation
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ
10:09
of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™.
10:11
This is the initiative that's been coordinated
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืฉืชื•ืืžื”
10:13
by Conservation International
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
10:15
with a variety of partners and governments
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ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
10:17
to actually try to bring integrated management regime
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ื›ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื˜ืจ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™
10:20
throughout the area.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ.
10:22
That is, it provides a wonderful example of where you can go
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ื–ื”, ื ื•ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ืคืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช
10:24
with a real regional initiative.
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ืขื ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช.
10:26
It's protecting five World Heritage sites.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืืชืจื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
10:29
Unfortunately, the World Heritage Convention
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ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
10:32
does not recognize the need to protect areas
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ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื
10:35
beyond national jurisdiction, at present.
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืœืื•ืžื™, ื›ื™ื•ื.
10:38
So a place like the Costa Rica Dome
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ื›ืš ืฉืžืงื•ื ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ืคืช ืงื•ืกื˜ื” ืจื™ืงื”
10:40
could not technically qualify
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ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ
10:42
the time it's in the high seas.
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ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
10:44
So what we've been suggesting
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื
10:46
is that we either need to amend the World Heritage Convention,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื• ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
10:49
so that it can adopt
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืืžืฅ ืืœื™ื”
10:52
and urge universal protection of these World Heritage sites,
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ืืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืืชืจื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืืœื”,
10:55
or we need to change the name
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ืื• ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื”
10:57
and call it Half-the-World Heritage Convention.
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ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื” ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
11:00
But what we also know is that species like these sea turtles
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื’ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
11:03
do not stay put in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape.
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ืœื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™.
11:07
These happen to go down to a vast South Pacific Gyre,
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ืืœื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื ืคืขื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ (ื–ืจื ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™),
11:10
where they spend most of their time
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ืฉื ื”ื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื
11:12
and often end up getting hooked like this,
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืชืคื•ืกื™ื ื›ื›ื”,
11:14
or as bycatch.
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ืื• ื›ืฉืœืœ ืžืฉื ื”.
11:16
So what I'd really like to suggest is that we need to scale-up.
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื”.
11:19
We need to work locally,
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
11:21
but we also need to work ocean-basin-wide.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืจืžืช ืื’ืŸ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™.
11:24
We have the tools and technologies now
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืขืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
11:27
to enable us to take a broader
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืจื—ื‘ื”
11:29
ocean-basin-wide initiative.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืžืช ืื’ืŸ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™.
11:31
We've heard about the Tagging of Pacific Predators project,
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืชื™ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜,
11:34
one of the 17 Census of Marine Life projects.
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ืื—ื“ ืž-17 ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื•ืช.
11:37
It's provided us data like this,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
11:39
of tiny, little sooty shearwaters
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ืขืœ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื
11:42
that make the entire ocean basin their home.
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื’ืŸ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™.
11:44
They fly 65,000 kilometers
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ื”ื ืขืคื™ื 65,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื
11:46
in less than a year.
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ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”.
11:48
So we have the tools and treasures coming from the Census of Marine Life.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžืคืงื“ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื.
11:51
And its culminating year
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•
11:53
that's going to be launched in October.
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ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ.
11:55
So stay tuned for further information.
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ืื– ืชื”ื™ื• ืขืจื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ.
11:57
What I find so exciting
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจืชืง
11:59
is that the Census of Marine Life
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืคืงื“ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื
12:01
has looked at more than the tagging of pacific predators;
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ืขืกืง ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืชื™ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜,
12:04
it's also looked in the really unexplored mid-water column,
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ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช,
12:07
where creatures like this flying sea cucumber
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืคืฃ ื”ื–ื”
12:09
have been found.
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ื ืžืฆืื•.
12:11
And fortunately, we've been able, as IUCN,
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ื•ืœืžื–ืœื ื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืข,
12:14
to team up with the Census of Marine Life
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ืœื”ืฆืชื•ื•ืช ืืœ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื
12:16
and many of the scientists working there
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื
12:18
to actually try to translate
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ื›ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืชืจื’ื
12:20
much of this information to policymakers.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
12:22
We have the support of governments now behind us.
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ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•.
12:25
We've been revealing this information through technical workshops.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช.
12:28
And the exciting thing is that we do have sufficient information
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืกืคื™ืง
12:31
to move ahead to protect some of these
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื›ืืœื”
12:33
significant hope spots, hotspots.
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ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช.
12:36
At the same time we're saying,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
12:38
"Yes, we need more. We need to move forward."
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"ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื•ื“. ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ื."
12:40
But many of you have said,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืืžืจื•,
12:42
if you get these marine protected areas,
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ืื ืชืฉื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
12:44
or a reasonable regime for high seas fisheries management in place,
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ืื• ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
12:47
how are you going to enforce it?
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ืื™ืš ืชืื›ืคื• ืืช ืžืจื•ืชื•?
12:49
Which leads me to my second passion besides ocean science,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื,
12:52
which is outer space technology.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื—ืœืœ.
12:54
I wanted to be an astronaut,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืช,
12:56
so I've constantly followed
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ื›ืš ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืขืงื‘ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช
12:58
what are the tools available to monitor Earth
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ืžื”ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
13:00
from outer space --
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ืžื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ --
13:02
and that we have incredible tools like we've been learning about,
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ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•,
13:05
in terms of being able to follow tagged species
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืชื•ื™ื™ื’ื™ื
13:07
throughout their life-cycles
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ืœืื•ืจืš ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
13:09
in the open ocean.
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ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืคืชื•ื—.
13:11
We can also tag and track fishing vessels.
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ืื ื• ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ื’ ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื™ื’.
13:14
Many already have transponders on board
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ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื
13:17
that allow us to find out where they are and even what they're doing.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช.
13:20
But not all the vessels have those to date.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
13:22
It does not take too much rocket science
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ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ืข ื˜ื™ืœื™ื
13:25
to actually try to create new laws to mandate,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•,
13:28
if you're going to have the privilege
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ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื”ืคืจื™ื‘ื™ืœื’ื™ื”
13:30
of accessing our high seas resources,
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ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
13:33
we need to know -- someone needs to know --
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช -- ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช --
13:35
where you are and what you're doing.
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ืื™ืคื” ืืชื” ื•ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”.
13:38
So it brings me to my main take-home message,
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืกืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชื™ืงื—ื• ืžื›ืืŸ,
13:40
which is we can avert a tragedy of the commons.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.
13:43
We can stop the collision course
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช
13:45
of 50 percent of the planet
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ืฉืœ 50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
13:47
with the high seas.
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ืขื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
13:49
But we need to think broad-scale. We need to think globally.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
13:52
We need to change how we actually go about
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื
13:54
managing these resources.
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ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
13:57
We need to get the new paradigm
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
13:59
of precaution and respect.
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ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
14:01
At the same time, we need to think locally,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
14:03
which is the joy and marvel of Sylvia's hope spot wish,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืคืœื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืืœืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื”,
14:06
is that we can shine a spotlight
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ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื—ื–ืง
14:08
on many of these previously unknown areas,
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ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื,
14:11
and to bring people to the table, if you will,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ -- ืื ืชืจืฆื• --
14:14
to actually make them feel part of this community
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•
14:17
that truly has a stake
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื”
14:19
in their future management.
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ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื”.
14:21
And third is that we need to look at ocean-basin-wide management.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืจืžืช ืื’ืŸ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™.
14:24
Our species are ocean-basin-wide.
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ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื’ืŸ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™
14:27
Many of the deep-sea communities
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง
14:30
have genetic distribution
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืชืคื•ืฆื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
14:32
that goes ocean-basin-wide.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืื’ืŸ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™.
14:34
We need to better understand,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:36
but we also need to start to manage and protect.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ื•ืœืฉืžืจ.
14:39
And in order to do that,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
14:41
you also need ocean-basin management regimes.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื’ืŸ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื™.
14:43
That is, we have regional management regimes
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื
14:46
within the exclusive economic zone,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื,
14:48
but we need to scale these up, we need to build their capacity,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื,
14:51
so they're like the Southern Ocean,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืžื• ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™,
14:53
where they do have the two-pronged fisheries
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื’ื’ ืœื“ื™ื™ื’
14:55
and conservation organization.
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ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ.
14:58
So with that, I would just like to sincerely thank and honor
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ืื– ืขื ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืงืจื‘ ืœื‘ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“
15:01
Sylvia Earle for her wish,
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ืืช ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ืืจืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉืืœืชื”,
15:03
for it is helping us to put a face on the high seas
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืชืช ืคื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
15:05
and the deep seas beyond national jurisdiction.
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ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™.
15:08
It's helping to bring an incredible group
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช
15:10
of talented people together
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“
15:12
to really try to solve and penetrate
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ืงื™ืข
15:14
these problems that have created our obstacles
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ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
15:17
to management and rational use
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ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ
15:20
of this area that was once so far away and remote.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื—ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
15:25
So on this tour, I hope I provided you
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื”, ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื
15:27
with a new perspective of the high seas:
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ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
15:29
one, that it is our home too,
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ืื—ืช, ืฉื”ื ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
15:32
and that we need to work together
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ื•ื’ื ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“
15:34
if we are to make this a sustainable ocean future for us all.
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ืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืœื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
15:37
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
15:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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