Depressed dogs, cats with OCD -- what animal madness means for us humans | Laurel Braitman

263,265 views ใƒป 2014-08-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Oliver was an extremely dashing,
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ืื•ืœื™ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:17
handsome, charming and largely unstable male
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ื ืื”, ืžืงืกื™ื ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘
00:21
that I completely lost my heart to.
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ืฉืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืœื‘ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:28
He was a Bernese mountain dog,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื ื–ื™.
00:29
and my ex-husband and I adopted him,
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ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ืื™ืžืฆื ื•
00:32
and about six months in,
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ื•ืชื•ืš 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
00:34
we realized that he was a mess.
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ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
00:37
He had such paralyzing separation anxiety
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื—ืจื“ืช ื ื˜ื™ืฉื” ื›ื” ืžืฉืชืงืช
00:39
that we couldn't leave him alone.
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ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื“
00:41
Once, he jumped out of our third floor apartment.
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ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ืงืคืฅ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื“ื™ืจืชื ื• ืฉื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช
00:44
He ate fabric. He ate things, recyclables.
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ื”ื•ื ืื›ืœ ืืจื™ื’ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ.
00:49
He hunted flies that didn't exist.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
00:50
He suffered from hallucinations.
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ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืœ ืžื”ื–ื™ื•ืช
00:52
He was diagnosed with a canine compulsive disorder
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื”ืคืจืขื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื›ืœื‘ื™ืช
00:55
and that's really just the tip of the iceberg.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืงืฆื” ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ.
00:59
But like with humans,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
01:03
sometimes it's six months in
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
01:06
before you realize that
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ืขื“ ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
01:08
the person that you love has some issues.
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ืฉืœืื“ื ืฉืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
01:11
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:12
And most of us do not take the person we're dating
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืืชื
01:16
back to the bar where we met them
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ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื•ืชื
01:19
or give them back to the friend that introduced us,
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ืื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืื•ืชื
01:23
or sign them back up on Match.com.
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ืื• ืจื•ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ-Match.com.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:28
We love them anyway,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”,
01:30
and we stick to it,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื”,
01:32
and that is what I did with my dog.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™
01:36
And I was a โ€” I'd studied biology.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ... ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
01:40
I have a Ph.D. in history of science
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืข
01:43
from MIT,
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ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช MIT,
01:44
and had you asked me 10 years ago
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ื•ืœื• ืฉืืœืชื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื
01:46
if a dog I loved, or just dogs generally,
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ืื ืœื›ืœื‘ ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื™, ืื• ืกืชื ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™,
01:48
had emotions, I would have said yes,
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ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื ื”: ื›ืŸ,
01:50
but I'm not sure that I would have told you
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื›ื
01:52
that they can also wind up with an anxiety disorder,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื”,
01:54
a Prozac prescription and a therapist.
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ืขื ืžืจืฉื ืœืคืจื•ื–ืืง ื•ืขื ืžื˜ืคืœ.
01:58
But then, I fell in love, and I realized that they can,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ื”ืชืื”ื‘ืชื™, ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืœื”ื,
02:02
and actually trying to help my own dog
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™
02:05
overcome his panic and his anxiety,
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ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืื ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื”,
02:07
it just changed my life.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
02:10
It cracked open my world.
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ื–ื” ืคืชื— ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™
02:12
And I spent the last seven years, actually,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช 7 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
02:15
looking into this topic of mental illness in other animals.
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ื‘ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:17
Can they be mentally ill like people,
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
02:19
and if so, what does it mean about us?
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ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•?
02:22
And what I discovered is that I do believe
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”
02:24
they can suffer from mental illness,
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ
02:26
and actually looking and trying to identify mental illness in them
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ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืฆืœื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ
02:31
often helps us be better friends to them
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื
02:33
and also can help us better understand ourselves.
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ื•ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
02:37
So let's talk about diagnosis for a minute.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืจื’ืข ืขืœ ืื™ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ.
02:40
Many of us think that we can't know
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช
02:43
what another animal is thinking,
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ืžื” ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
02:46
and that is true,
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
02:47
but any of you in relationships โ€”
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื --
02:49
at least this is my case โ€”
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื™ --
02:51
just because you ask someone that you're with
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ืชื›ื
02:53
or your parent or your child how they feel
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ืื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืื• ืืช ื™ืœื“ื›ื, ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
02:55
doesn't mean that they can tell you.
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ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื.
02:57
They may not have words to explain
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
02:59
what it is that they're feeling,
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ืžื” ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื,
03:00
and they may not know.
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ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
03:02
It's actually a pretty recent phenomenon
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ื–ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืœืžื“ื™ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
03:04
that we feel that we have to talk to someone
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
03:06
to understand their emotional distress.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:08
Before the early 20th century,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื” -20,
03:11
physicians often diagnosed emotional distress
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช
03:13
in their patients just by observation.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช.
03:17
It also turns out that thinking about
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื’ื ืฉื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ
03:18
mental illness in other animals
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
03:20
isn't actually that much of a stretch.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
03:22
Most mental disorders in the United States
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
03:24
are fear and anxiety disorders,
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืคื—ื“ ื•ื—ืจื“ื”,
03:27
and when you think about it, fear and anxiety
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืคื—ื“ ื•ื—ืจื“ื”
03:29
are actually really extremely helpful animal emotions.
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ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืžืฉ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื.
03:33
Usually we feel fear and anxiety in situations that are dangerous,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืคื—ื“ ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืกื›ื ื”
03:36
and once we feel them,
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื,
03:37
we then are motivated to move away
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง
03:39
from whatever is dangerous.
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ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
03:41
The problem is when we begin to feel fear and anxiety in situations that don't call for it.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื“ ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื–ื” ืœื ื ื—ื•ืฅ.
03:46
Mood disorders, too, may actually just be
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ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื’ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจืง
03:49
the unfortunate downside of being a feeling animal,
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ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื•ื”ืžืฆืขืจ ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื”.
03:53
and obsessive compulsive disorders also
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ื•ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ืŸ
03:56
are often manifestations of a really healthy animal thing
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช
03:59
which is keeping yourself clean and groomed.
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ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ื™ื.
04:02
This tips into the territory of mental illness
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉืง ืœืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ
04:04
when you do things like
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•
04:05
compulsively over-wash your hands or paws,
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ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
04:08
or you develop a ritual that's so extreme
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™
04:10
that you can't sit down to a bowl of food
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ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืฆืœื—ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ
04:12
unless you engage in that ritual.
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ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื–ื”.
04:15
So for humans, we have the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual,"
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช "ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืื’ื ื•ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™,"
04:19
which is basically an atlas
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื˜ืœืก
04:21
of the currently agreed-upon mental disorders.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื.
04:24
In other animals, we have YouTube.
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ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:29
This is just one search I did for "OCD dog"
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ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ "ื›ืœื‘ ืขื OCD"
04:32
but I encourage all of you
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื
04:33
to look at "OCD cat."
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ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ "ื—ืชื•ืœ ืขื OCD".
04:36
You will be shocked by what you see.
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ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœื ืžืžื” ืฉืชืจืื•.
04:40
I'm going to show you just a couple examples.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
04:44
This is an example of shadow-chasing.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืฆืœ.
04:47
I know, and it's funny and in some ways it's cute.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื–ื” ื—ืžื•ื“.
04:50
The issue, though, is that dogs can develop compulsions like this
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื— ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื•
04:54
that they then engage in all day.
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ื›ื–ื• ืฉื”ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:56
So they won't go for a walk,
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ืื– ื”ื ืœื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ,
04:58
they won't hang out with their friends,
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื‘ืœื• ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื,
04:59
they won't eat.
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ืื›ืœื•.
05:01
They'll develop fixations
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ื”ื ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืขื•ืŸ
05:03
like chasing their tails compulsively.
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ื›ืžื• ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื–ื ื‘ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™.
05:06
Here's an example of a cat named Gizmo.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื—ืชื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื’ื™ื–ืžื•.
05:09
He looks like he's on a stakeout
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืืจื‘
05:12
but he does this for many, many, many hours a day.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
05:16
He just sits there and he will paw and paw and paw
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื•ืฉื•ืจื˜ ื•ืฉื•ืจื˜ ื•ืฉื•ืจื˜
05:19
at the screen.
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ืืช ื”ืชืจื™ืก.
05:21
This is another example of what's considered
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘
05:23
a stereotypic behavior.
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ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ืช.
05:25
This is a sun bear at the Oakland Zoo named Ting Ting.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื•ื‘ ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ื ื’.
05:28
And if you just sort of happened upon this scene,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืงืจื™ืชื ืœืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืกืฆื™ื ื” ื–ื•,
05:29
you might think that Ting Ting
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ื ื’
05:30
is just playing with a stick,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฉื—ืง ืขื ืžืงืœ,
05:32
but Ting Ting does this all day,
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ืื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:34
and if you pay close attention
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ื•ืื ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
05:36
and if I showed you guys the full half-hour of this clip,
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ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืค ื–ื”,
05:39
you'd see that he does the exact same thing
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
05:41
in the exact same order, and he spins the stick
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ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกื“ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืงืœ
05:43
in the exact same way every time.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
05:46
Other super common behaviors that you may see,
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ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
05:48
particularly in captive animals,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™,
05:50
are pacing stereotypies or swaying stereotypies,
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื”ืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชื ื“ื ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื•ืช,
05:55
and actually, humans do this too,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื’ื,
05:56
and in us, we'll sway,
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ื•ืืฆืœื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื ื“ื ื“ื™ื
05:58
we'll move from side to side.
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ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“.
06:00
Many of us do this, and sometimes
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื
06:02
it's an effort to soothe ourselves,
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ื–ื” ืžืืžืฅ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•,
06:04
and I think in other animals that is often the case too.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืžืงืจื”.
06:06
But it's not just stereotypic behaviors
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ื•ืช
06:08
that other animals engage in.
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ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ.
06:10
This is Gigi. She's a gorilla that lives
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’'ื™ื’'ื™. ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื™ืœื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”
06:12
at the Franklin Park Zoo in Boston.
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ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืืจืง ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
06:13
She actually has a Harvard psychiatrist,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“,
06:16
and she's been treated for a mood disorder
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื‘ื”ืคืจืขืช ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—
06:17
among other things.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ.
06:19
Many animals develop mood disorders.
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—
06:22
Lots of creatures โ€”
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื -
06:23
this horse is just one example โ€”
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ื”ืกื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช -
06:25
develop self-destructive behaviors.
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ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืจืก ืขืฆืžื™.
06:27
They'll gnaw on things
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ื”ื ืœื•ืขืกื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
06:28
or do other things that may also soothe them,
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ืื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืชื,
06:30
even if they're self-destructive,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืจืก ืขืฆืžื™,
06:32
which could be considered similar
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื“ื•ืžื™ื
06:33
to the ways that some humans cut themselves.
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ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
06:37
Plucking.
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ืžื•ืจื˜ื™ื
06:38
Turns out, if you have fur or feathers or skin,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืคืจื•ื•ื” ืื• ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ืื• ืขื•ืจ,
06:42
you can pluck yourself compulsively,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืจื•ื˜ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช
06:44
and some parrots actually have been studied
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ื•ืชื•ื›ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื—ืงืจื•
06:46
to better understand trichotillomania, or compulsive plucking in humans,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืจื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืžื ื™ื” ืื• ืžืจื™ื˜ื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
06:49
something that affects
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื•ื’ืข
06:51
20 million Americans right now.
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ืœ- 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
06:53
Lab rats pluck themselves too.
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ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื’ื ืžื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
06:55
In them, it's called barbering.
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ืืฆืœื ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืœื”ืกืชืคืจ.
06:57
Canine veterans of conflicts of Iraq and Afghanistan
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ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง ื•ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ
07:00
are coming back with what's considered canine PTSD,
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ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขื ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ PTSD ืื (ืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”)
07:03
and they're having a hard time reentering civilian life
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ื•ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื
07:06
when they come back from deployments.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืคืจื™ืกื”
07:07
They can be too scared to approach men with beards
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ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื•ืงื ื™ื
07:10
or to hop into cars.
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ืื• ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
07:13
I want to be careful and be clear, though.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืืš ื‘ืจื•ืจื”
07:15
I do not think that canine PTSD
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ืื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉ-PTSD ื‘ื›ืœื‘ื™ื
07:18
is the same as human PTSD.
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ื”ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
07:21
But I also do not think that my PTSD
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื” PTSD ืฉืœื™
07:23
is like your PTSD,
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ื–ื”ื” ืœ PTSD ืฉืœื›ื.
07:24
or that my anxiety or that my sadness is like yours.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื—ืจื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ืื• ื”ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื›ื.
07:28
We are all different.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
07:30
We also all have very different susceptibilities.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
07:33
So two dogs, raised in the same household,
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ืฉื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช,
07:36
exposed to the very same things,
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ื•ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
07:39
one may develop, say, a debilitating fear of motorcycles,
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ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื—, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคื—ื“ ืžืฉืชืง ืžืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื,
07:43
or a phobia of the beep of the microwave,
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ืื• ืคื•ื‘ื™ื” ืžื”ืฆืคืฆื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื’ืœ,
07:45
and another one is going to be just fine.
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
07:47
So one thing that people ask me pretty frequently:
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ืื– ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“:
07:50
Is this just an instance of humans
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ื”ืื ื–ื• ืจืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
07:52
driving other animals crazy?
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ืฉืžืฉื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
07:54
Or, is animal mental illness just a result of mistreatment or abuse?
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ืื• ื”ืื ืžื—ืœืช ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื•ืœื ืื• ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช?
07:58
And it turns out we're actually
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื”
07:59
so much more complicated than that.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืš.
08:03
So one great thing that has happened to me
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ืื– ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืงืจื” ืœื™
08:06
is recently I published a book on this,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืคื™ืจืกืžืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”,
08:09
and every day now that I open my email
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ืขืช ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื™
08:13
or when I go to a reading
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ืื• ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืงืจืื”
08:14
or even when I go to a cocktail party,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ,
08:16
people tell me their stories
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
08:18
of the animals that they have met.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืคื’ืฉื•.
08:20
And recently, I did a reading in California,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ืงืจืื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”.
08:23
and a woman raised her hand after the talk and she said,
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ื•ืืฉื” ื”ืจื™ืžื” ืืช ื™ื“ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืืžืจื”,
08:25
"Dr. Braitman, I think my cat has PTSD."
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"ื“"ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืžืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื—ืชื•ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ PTSD".
08:29
And I said, "Well, why? Tell me a little bit about it."
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืžื”? ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืš."
08:32
So, Ping is her cat. She was a rescue,
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ืื–, ืคื™ื ื’ ื”ื—ืชื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”. ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื”,
08:35
and she used to live with an elderly man,
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ื•ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื“ื ื–ืงืŸ,
08:38
and one day the man was vacuuming
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืื‘ ืื‘ืง
08:40
and he suffered a heart attack, and he died.
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘, ื•ืžืช.
08:43
A week later, Ping was discovered in the apartment
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ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”
08:46
alongside the body of her owner,
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ืœืฆื“ ื’ื•ืคืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื”,
08:48
and the vacuum had been running the entire time.
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ื•ืฉื•ืื‘ ื”ืื‘ืง ืคืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
08:52
For many months, up to I think two years after that incident,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืขื“, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืข,
08:57
she was so scared she couldn't be in the house when anyone was cleaning.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืคื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื ืงื”.
08:59
She was quite literally a scaredy cat.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื—ืชื•ืœื” ืžืคื•ื—ื“ืช.
09:01
She would hide in the closet.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืกืชืชืจืช ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ.
09:04
She was un-self-confident and shaky,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืจื•ืขื“ืช,
09:05
but with the loving support of her family,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”
09:08
a lot of a time, and their patience,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ื‘ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช,
09:10
now, three years later,
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ื›ืขืช, 3 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:11
she's actually a happy, confident cat.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืชื•ืœื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”.
09:15
Another story of trauma and recovery that I came across
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื•ื”ื—ืœืžื” ืฉื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื•
09:18
was actually a few years ago.
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ืงืจื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
09:19
I was in Thailand to do some research.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
09:21
I met a monkey named Boonlua,
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื•ื ืœื•ืื”,
09:25
and when Boonlua was a baby,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื ืœื•ืื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
09:27
he was attacked by a pack of dogs,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืชืงืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืช ื›ืœื‘ื™ื,
09:29
and they ripped off both of his legs and one arm,
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ื•ื”ื ืชืœืฉื• ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ื–ืจื•ืข ืื—ืช,
09:34
and Boonlua dragged himself to a monastery,
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ื•ื‘ื•ื ืœื•ืื” ื’ืจืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžื™ื ื–ืจ,
09:37
where the monks took him in.
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ืฉื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืกืคื• ืื•ืชื• ืืœื™ื•.
09:38
They called in a veterinarian, who treated his wounds.
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ื”ื ืงืจืื• ืœื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืคืฆืขื™ื•.
09:41
Eventually, Boonlua wound up
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื ืœื•ืื” ืžืฆื ืขืฆืžื•
09:43
at an elephant facility,
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ื‘ืžื™ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื,
09:45
and the keepers really decided to take him under their wing,
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ืช ื—ืกื•ืชื
09:48
and they figured out what he liked,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืื”ื‘,
09:49
which, it turned out, was mint Mentos
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ืฉื”ื™ื”, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื ื˜ื”
09:51
and Rhinoceros beetles and eggs.
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ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืงืจื ืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื.
09:55
But they worried, because he was social, that he was lonely,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“,
09:58
and they didn't want to put him in with another monkey,
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ืฃ,
10:00
because they thought with just one arm,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืขื ื™ื“ ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
10:01
he wouldn't be able to defend himself or even play.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉื—ืง.
10:04
And so they gave him a rabbit,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืืจื ื‘,
10:06
and Boonlua was immediately a different monkey.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื ืœื•ืื” ื”ืคืš ืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ.
10:09
He was extremely happy to be with this rabbit.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืืจื ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
10:11
They groomed each other, they become close friends,
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ื”ื ื˜ื™ืคื—ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
10:13
and then the rabbit had bunnies,
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ื•ืื– ืœืืจื ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื,
10:16
and Boonlua was even happier than he was before,
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ื•ื‘ื•ื ืœื•ืื” ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืงื•ื“ื,
10:19
and it had in a way given him
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื•
10:21
a reason to wake up in the morning,
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ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
10:23
and in fact it gave him such a reason to wake up
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ
10:25
that he decided not to sleep.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
10:27
He became extremely protective of these bunnies,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžืื“ ืขืœ ื”ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื,
10:30
and he stopped sleeping,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ,
10:32
and he would sort of nod off
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื ืžื ื
10:33
while trying to take care of them.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื.
10:35
In fact, he was so protective and so affectionate
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื’ื•ื ืŸ ื•ืžืœื ื—ื™ื‘ื”
10:37
with these babies that the sanctuary
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ืขื ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื”ืžืงืœื˜
10:39
eventually had to take them away from him
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืืœืฅ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืžืžื ื•
10:41
because he was so protective, he was worried
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื’ื•ื ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“
10:43
that their mother might hurt them.
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ืฉืื™ืžื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื
10:45
So after they were taken away, the sanctuary staff
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ืื– ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ื ืœืงื—ื• ืžืžื ื•, ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ
10:47
worried that he would fall into a depression,
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ื“ืื’ ืฉืžื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืงืข ื‘ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ,
10:49
and so to avoid that,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื–ืืช,
10:50
they gave him another rabbit friend.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจ ืืจื ื‘ ืื—ืจ.
10:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:56
My official opinion is that he does not look depressed.
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ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืžื“ื•ื›ื.
10:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:01
So one thing that I would really like people to feel
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ืื– ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื•
11:05
is that you really should feel empowered
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ืฉืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื
11:08
to make some assumptions
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ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืช
11:11
about the creatures that you know well.
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
11:13
So when it comes to your dog
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ืื– ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื
11:14
or your cat or maybe your one-armed monkey
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ืื• ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืงื•ืฃ ืขื ื™ื“ ืื—ืช
11:17
that you happen to know,
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ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื,
11:18
if you think that they are traumatized or depressed,
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.
11:22
you're probably right.
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ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื.
11:24
This is extremely anthropomorphic,
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ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืžื•ืจืคื™,
11:27
or the assignation of human characteristics
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืื“ ื”ืฉืื” ืฉืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
11:30
onto non-human animals or things.
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ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
11:34
I don't think, though, that that's a problem.
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ืื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื”.
11:36
I don't think that we can not anthropomorphize.
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ืื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื”
11:38
It's not as if you can take your human brain out of your head
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืืช ืžื•ื—ื›ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžืจืืฉื›ื
11:41
and put it in a jar and then use it
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช ื•ืื– ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•
11:43
to think about another animal thinking.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘.
11:45
We will always be one animal wondering
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ืื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืชื•ื”ื”
11:48
about the emotional experience of another animal.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ.
11:50
So then the choice becomes, how do you anthropomorphize well?
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืชื ืžืื ื™ืฉื™ื?
11:53
Or do you anthropomorphize poorly?
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ืื• ืฉืžื ืืชื ืžืื ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืจื•ืข?
11:55
And anthropomorphizing poorly
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”
11:58
is all too common.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืื“ ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
12:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:02
It may include dressing your corgis up and throwing them a wedding,
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืœื‘ืฉืช ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื’ื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืชื•ื ื”,
12:04
or getting too close to exotic wildlife because
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ืื• ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
12:07
you believe that you had a spiritual connection.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ืงืฉืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
12:09
There's all manner of things.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
12:11
Anthropomorphizing well, however, I believe is based
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ื”ืื ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช
12:15
on accepting our animal similarities with other species
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ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
12:17
and using them to make assumptions
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช
12:20
that are informed about other animals' minds and experiences,
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ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
12:24
and there's actually an entire industry
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืžื”
12:26
that is in some ways based on anthropomorphizing well,
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื”,
12:29
and that is the psychopharmaceutical industry.
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ื•ื–ื• ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืคืจืžืฆื‘ื˜ื™ืงื”.
12:32
One in five Americans is currently taking a psychopharmaceutical drug,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืคืจืžืฆื‘ื˜ื™ืช.
12:37
from the antidepressants and antianxiety medications
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื—ืจื“ื”
12:40
to the antipsychotics.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
12:41
It turns out that we owe this
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช
12:43
entire psychopharmaceutical arsenal
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ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืกื ืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืคืจืžืฆื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื”
12:46
to other animals.
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ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
12:47
These drugs were tested in non-human animals first,
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื•ืกื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื,
12:50
and not just for toxicity but for behavioral effects.
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืจืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
12:54
The very popular antipsychotic Thorazine
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ืชื•ืจื–ื™ืŸ, ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžืื“ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช
12:57
first relaxed rats before it relaxed people.
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ื”ืจื’ื™ืขื” ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
13:01
The antianxiety medication Librium
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื•ื
13:03
was given to cats selected for their meanness in the 1950s
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ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50
13:07
and made them into peaceable felines.
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ื.
13:09
And even antidepressants were first tested in rabbits.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืืจื ื‘ื™ื.
13:14
Today, however, we are not just giving these drugs
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื”
13:17
to other animals as test subjects,
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ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”,
13:19
but they're giving them these drugs as patients,
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ืืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื,
13:21
both in ethical and much less ethical ways.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืืชื™ื•ืช
13:26
SeaWorld gives mother orcas antianxiety medications
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ืกื™ ื•ื•ืจืœื“ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื•ืจืงื•ืช ืืžื”ื•ืช (ืกื•ื’ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ) ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื”
13:30
when their calves are taken away.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžื”ืŸ.
13:32
Many zoo gorillas have been given antipsychotics
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ื•ืจื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ื ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช
13:35
and antianxiety medications.
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ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื”.
13:37
But dogs like my own Oliver
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืื•ืœื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™
13:40
are given antidepressants and some antianxiety medications
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื
13:43
to keep them from jumping out of buildings
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ืงืคืฆื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื
13:45
or jumping into traffic.
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ืื• ื™ืงืคืฆื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.
13:47
Just recently, actually, a study came out in "Science"
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ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘"ืกื™ื™ืื ืก"
13:50
that showed that even crawdads
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ืฉื”ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ ื ื—ืœื™ื
13:52
responded to antianxiety medication.
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ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื”.
13:54
It made them braver, less skittish,
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœืืžื™ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ื,
13:56
and more likely to explore their environment.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
14:01
It's hard to know how many animals are on these drugs,
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ืงืฉื” ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื•,
14:04
but I can tell you that the animal pharmaceutical industry
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
14:07
is immense and growing,
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ื’ื“ืœื”,
14:09
from seven billion dollars in 2011
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ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011
14:12
to a projected 9.25 billion by the year 2015.
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ืœ 9.25 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืขื“ 2015.
14:17
Some animals are on these drugs indefinitely.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื–ืžืŸ.
14:21
Others, like one bonobo who lives in Milwaukee
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ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื•ืงื™
14:25
at the zoo there was on them
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ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ
14:27
until he started to save his Paxil prescription
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืžืจืฉื ื”ืคืงืกื™ืœ ืฉืœื•
14:29
and then distribute it among the other bonobos.
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ื•ืื– ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ื‘ื•ืื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
14:31
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:36
More than psychopharmaceuticals, though,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช,
14:39
there are many, many, many other
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”
14:42
therapeutic interventions that help other creatures.
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ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
14:44
And here is a place where I think actually
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื
14:47
that veterinary medicine can teach something
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ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœืžื“ ืžืฉื”ื•
14:49
to human medicine,
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ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
14:51
which is, if you take your dog, who is, say,
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ืฉื–ื”, ืื ืชืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืืฉืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ
14:53
compulsively chasing his tail,
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ืจื•ื“ืฃ ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื–ื ื‘ื•,
14:55
into the veterinary behaviorist,
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ืœื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช
14:56
their first action isn't to reach for the prescription pad;
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ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ืœืคื ืงืก ื”ืžืจืฉืžื™ื;
14:59
it's to ask you about your dog's life.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื›ืœื‘.
15:02
They want to know how often your dog gets outside.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
15:05
They want to know how much exercise your dog is getting.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืงื‘ืœ
15:08
They want to know how much social time
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืœื”
15:09
with other dogs and other humans.
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ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
15:12
They want to talk to you about what sorts of therapies,
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ืขืœ ืื™ืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื,
15:14
largely behavior therapies,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืจืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช
15:16
you've tried with that animal.
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืขื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื”.
15:19
Those are the things that often tend to help the most,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”,
15:21
especially when combined with psychopharmaceuticals.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืขื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช.
15:24
The thing, though, I believe, that helps the most,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืœื, ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”,
15:27
particularly with social animals,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
15:29
is time with other social animals.
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ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:32
In many ways, I feel like I became a service animal
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื•ืช
15:36
to my own dog,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™,
15:38
and I have seen parrots do it for people
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืชื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
15:42
and people do it for parrots
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ื™ื
15:44
and dogs do it for elephants
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ื•ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื™ืœื™ื
15:46
and elephants do it for other elephants.
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ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
15:49
I don't know about you;
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ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื›ื;
15:50
I get a lot of Internet forwards
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืกืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช
15:53
of unlikely animal friendships.
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ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
15:55
I also think it's a huge part of Facebook,
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
15:58
the monkey that adopts the cat
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ื”ืงื•ืฃ ืฉืžืืžืฅ ื—ืชื•ืœ
16:01
or the great dane who adopted the orphaned fawn,
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ืื• ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ื“ื ื™ ื”ืขื ืง ืฉืื™ืžืฅ ืขื•ืคืจ ืžื™ื•ืชื,
16:06
or the cow that makes friends with the pig,
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ืื• ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ,
16:09
and had you asked me eight, nine years ago, about these,
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ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ 8-9 ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš,
16:13
I would have told you that they were hopelessly sentimental
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ืฉื ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชืงื ื”
16:15
and maybe too anthropomorphic in the wrong way
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžืื ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื’ื•ื™ื”
16:18
and maybe even staged, and what I can tell you now
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื‘ื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ื›ืขืช
16:21
is that there is actually something to this.
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ื–ื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•
16:24
This is legit. In fact, some interesting studies
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ื–ื” ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื
16:28
have pointed to oxytocin levels,
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ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืŸ
16:30
which are a kind of bonding hormone
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ืฉื”ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ืžืงืฉืจ
16:32
that we release when we're having sex or nursing
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืงื”
16:35
or around someone that we care for extremely,
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ืื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืื“ ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžืžื ื•,
16:37
oxytocin levels raising in both humans and dogs
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ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœื‘ื™ื
16:40
who care about each other
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ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”
16:41
or who enjoy each other's company,
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ืื• ืฉื ื”ื ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™,
16:43
and beyond that, other studies show that oxytocin
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ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืŸ
16:45
raised even in other pairs of animals,
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ืขืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
16:47
so, say, in goats and dogs who were friends and played with each other,
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืขื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™,
16:51
their levels spiked afterwards.
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ื”ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื–ื™ื ืงื• ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
16:55
I have a friend who really showed me that
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ืจืื” ืœื™
16:58
mental health is in fact a two-way street.
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ืฉื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ืจืš ื“ื•-ืกื˜ืจื™ืช
17:00
His name is Lonnie Hodge, and he's a veteran of Vietnam.
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ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื’', ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื•ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื.
17:04
When he returned, he started working
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
17:07
with survivors of genocide and a lot of people
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ืขื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฆื—-ืขื ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื
17:10
who had gone through war trauma.
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ืฉื—ื•ื• ื˜ืจืื•ืžืช ืžืœื—ืžื”.
17:11
And he had PTSD and also a fear of heights,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื• PTSD ื•ื’ื ืกื‘ืœ ืžืคื—ื“ ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื,
17:14
because in Vietnam, he had been
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17:16
rappelling backwards out of helicopters
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ื ืฉืขืŸ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืœื™ืงื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื
17:18
over the skids,
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื™ืงื™ื™ื,
17:19
and he was givena service dog named Gander, a labradoodle,
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ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื’ืื ื“ืจ, ืœื‘ืจื“ื•ื“ืœ,
17:22
to help him with PTSD and his fear of heights.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ืขื ื” PTSD ื•ืคื—ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
17:26
This is them actually on the first day that they met,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ืคื’ืฉื•,
17:28
which is amazing, and since then,
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื•ืžืื–,
17:31
they've spent a lot of time together
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“
17:33
visiting with other veterans suffering from similar issues.
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ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช.
17:37
But what's so interesting to me about Lonnie and Gander's relationship
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื™ ื•ื’ืื ื“ืจ
17:40
is about a few months in,
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ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
17:42
Gander actually developed a fear of heights,
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ื’ืื ื“ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคื™ืชื— ืคื—ื“ ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื,
17:45
probably because he was watching Lonnie so closely.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืงืจื•ื‘
17:49
What's pretty great about this, though, is that he's still a fantastic service dog,
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ืžื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื” ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื‘ ืฉืจื•ืช ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™,
17:53
because now, when they're both at a great height,
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ื›ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื‘,
17:55
Lonnie is so concerned with Gander's well-being
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ืœื•ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื“ื•ืื’ ืœืฉืœื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื’ืื ื“ืจ
17:59
that he forgets to be scared of the heights himself.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ื— ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื”ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
18:05
Since I've spent so much time with these stories,
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ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
18:08
digging into archives,
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ื—ื•ืคืจืช ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื,
18:10
I literally spent years doing this research,
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ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื”,
18:12
and it's changed me.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™.
18:14
I no longer look at animals at the species level.
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ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื.
18:18
I look at them as individuals,
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื,
18:20
and I think about them as creatures
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืขืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื
18:22
with their own individual weather systems
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ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื’ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื”ื
18:25
guiding their behavior and informing
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ืฉืžื ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืข
18:26
how they respond to the world.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื.
18:29
And I really believe that this has made me
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื™
18:32
a more curious and a more empathetic person,
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ืœืื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกืงืจืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžืคื˜ื™,
18:34
both to the animals that share my bed
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ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ื˜ืชื™
18:37
and occasionally wind up on my plate,
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉืœื™
18:40
but also to the people that I know
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื”
18:42
who are suffering from anxiety
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ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ืจื“ื”
18:45
and from phobias and all manner of other things,
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ื•ืžืคื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
18:48
and I really do believe that
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื”
18:50
even though you can't know exactly
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
18:52
what's going on in the mind of a pig
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจ
18:56
or your pug or your partner,
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ืื• ื”ืคืื’ ืฉืœืš ืื• ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœืš,
18:58
that that shouldn't stop you from empathizing with them.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืžื‘ืขื“ื›ื ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื.
19:02
The best thing that we could do for our loved ones
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื ื•
19:04
is, perhaps, to anthropomorphize them.
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ื”ื•ื, ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื.
19:08
Charles Darwin's father once told him
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ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฆ'ืจืœืก ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืืžืจ ืœื•
19:12
that everybody could lose their mind at some point.
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ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
19:17
Thankfully, we can often find them again,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื“ืขืชื ื•,
19:20
but only with each other's help.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืขื ืขื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช.
19:22
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
19:24
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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