Depressed dogs, cats with OCD -- what animal madness means for us humans | Laurel Braitman

262,822 views

2014-08-21 ใƒป TED


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Depressed dogs, cats with OCD -- what animal madness means for us humans | Laurel Braitman

262,822 views ใƒป 2014-08-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunice Nam ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:13
Oliver was an extremely dashing,
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์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ 
00:17
handsome, charming and largely unstable male
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์ž˜์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ
00:21
that I completely lost my heart to.
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์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ›”์ณ๊ฐ„ ๋‚จ์ž์˜€์ฃ .
00:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:28
He was a Bernese mountain dog,
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์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ ๋งˆ์šดํ‹ด ๋… ํ’ˆ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐœ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
and my ex-husband and I adopted him,
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์ €์˜ ์ „ ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์ž…์–‘ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
and about six months in,
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6๊ฐœ์›” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„,
00:34
we realized that he was a mess.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ ์—‰๋ง์ง„์ฐฝ์ด๋ž€๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
He had such paralyzing separation anxiety
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ„์ถ•์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
00:39
that we couldn't leave him alone.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ์ž ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Once, he jumped out of our third floor apartment.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ 3์ธต ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฐ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
00:44
He ate fabric. He ate things, recyclables.
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์ฒœ๋„ ๋œฏ์–ด๋จน๊ณ , ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ’ˆ๋„ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:49
He hunted flies that didn't exist.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์œผ๋ ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:50
He suffered from hallucinations.
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์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฐ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
He was diagnosed with a canine compulsive disorder
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:55
and that's really just the tip of the iceberg.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ๊ฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
But like with humans,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:03
sometimes it's six months in
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ
01:06
before you realize that
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๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:08
the person that you love has some issues.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
01:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:12
And most of us do not take the person we're dating
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ๊ท€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„
01:16
back to the bar where we met them
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ˆ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
01:19
or give them back to the friend that introduced us,
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๊ทธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด์ค€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
01:23
or sign them back up on Match.com.
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Match.com ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์†Œ๊ฐœํŒ… ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€์ž…์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:28
We love them anyway,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์• ์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:30
and we stick to it,
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์• ์ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:32
and that is what I did with my dog.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์™€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
And I was a โ€” I'd studied biology.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”, ์Œ... ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ „๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
01:40
I have a Ph.D. in history of science
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:43
from MIT,
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MIT ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:44
and had you asked me 10 years ago
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด 10๋…„์ „์— ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
01:46
if a dog I loved, or just dogs generally,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐœ, ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
01:48
had emotions, I would have said yes,
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
but I'm not sure that I would have told you
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
that they can also wind up with an anxiety disorder,
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๊ฐœ๋„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์žฅ์• ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:54
a Prozac prescription and a therapist.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ž‘ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
But then, I fell in love, and I realized that they can,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹จ ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
02:02
and actually trying to help my own dog
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์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„์˜ ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„
02:05
overcome his panic and his anxiety,
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๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:07
it just changed my life.
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
It cracked open my world.
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์ œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋œจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And I spent the last seven years, actually,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 7๋…„๋™์•ˆ
02:15
looking into this topic of mental illness in other animals.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Can they be mentally ill like people,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:19
and if so, what does it mean about us?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:22
And what I discovered is that I do believe
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
02:24
they can suffer from mental illness,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
and actually looking and trying to identify mental illness in them
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:31
often helps us be better friends to them
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ,
02:33
and also can help us better understand ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋„์›€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
So let's talk about diagnosis for a minute.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ป˜์š”.
02:40
Many of us think that we can't know
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
02:43
what another animal is thinking,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
and that is true,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
but any of you in relationships โ€”
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฐ์• ์ค‘์ด์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฉด,
02:49
at least this is my case โ€”
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ €์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”,
02:51
just because you ask someone that you're with
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๋‹น์‹  ๊ณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜ ํ˜น์€ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:53
or your parent or your child how they feel
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ ,
02:55
doesn't mean that they can tell you.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
They may not have words to explain
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง๋กœ๋„
02:59
what it is that they're feeling,
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
and they may not know.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
It's actually a pretty recent phenomenon
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„
03:04
that we feel that we have to talk to someone
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:06
to understand their emotional distress.
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๊ฝค ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Before the early 20th century,
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”,
03:11
physicians often diagnosed emotional distress
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
03:13
in their patients just by observation.
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์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณค ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
It also turns out that thinking about
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
03:18
mental illness in other animals
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:20
isn't actually that much of a stretch.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Most mental disorders in the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด์ƒ์€
03:24
are fear and anxiety disorders,
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๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋ฐ,
03:27
and when you think about it, fear and anxiety
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€
03:29
are actually really extremely helpful animal emotions.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Usually we feel fear and anxiety in situations that are dangerous,
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋Š๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:36
and once we feel them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉด,
03:37
we then are motivated to move away
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๋ชจ๋“  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:39
from whatever is dangerous.
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๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
The problem is when we begin to feel fear and anxiety in situations that don't call for it.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋Š๋‚„๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Mood disorders, too, may actually just be
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์žฅ์• ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ์ €
03:49
the unfortunate downside of being a feeling animal,
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ์ด๋ฉด์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
03:53
and obsessive compulsive disorders also
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์žฅ์•  ๋˜ํ•œ
03:56
are often manifestations of a really healthy animal thing
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋“ฌ๋Š”
03:59
which is keeping yourself clean and groomed.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ํ‘œ์ถœ์ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
This tips into the territory of mental illness
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:04
when you do things like
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
compulsively over-wash your hands or paws,
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์†์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์”ผ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:08
or you develop a ritual that's so extreme
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์‹์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ด๋ผ
04:10
that you can't sit down to a bowl of food
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๊ทธ ์˜์‹์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”
04:12
unless you engage in that ritual.
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์Œ์‹ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
So for humans, we have the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual,"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ "์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ํŽธ๋žŒ"
04:19
which is basically an atlas
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์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ณต์ธ๋ฐ›์€
04:21
of the currently agreed-upon mental disorders.
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์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
In other animals, we have YouTube.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:29
This is just one search I did for "OCD dog"
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์ด๊ฑด "๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์žฅ์•  ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€" ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:32
but I encourage all of you
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"๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์žฅ์•  ๊ณ ์–‘์ด"๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
04:33
to look at "OCD cat."
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
You will be shocked by what you see.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
I'm going to show you just a couple examples.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”.
04:44
This is an example of shadow-chasing.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž ๋†€์ด ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
I know, and it's funny and in some ways it's cute.
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์ €๋„ ์•Œ์•„์š”. ์šฐ์Šต๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ท€์—ฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:50
The issue, though, is that dogs can develop compulsions like this
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒํ•˜๋Š”
04:54
that they then engage in all day.
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๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ฆ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
So they won't go for a walk,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ตฌ์š”.
04:58
they won't hang out with their friends,
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด๋ž‘ ๋†€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
they won't eat.
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๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
They'll develop fixations
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ซ“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
05:03
like chasing their tails compulsively.
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๊ณ ์ฐฉ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Here's an example of a cat named Gizmo.
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๊ธฐ์ฆˆ๋ชจ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:09
He looks like he's on a stakeout
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๊ธฐ์ฆˆ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž ๋ณต๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
05:12
but he does this for many, many, many hours a day.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์† ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
He just sits there and he will paw and paw and paw
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์•‰์•„์„œ ๊ณ„์† ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ๋กœ
05:19
at the screen.
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์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์„ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
This is another example of what's considered
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:23
a stereotypic behavior.
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์ƒ๋™์ฆ‰์  ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
This is a sun bear at the Oakland Zoo named Ting Ting.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜คํด๋žœ๋“œ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ํŒ…ํŒ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ง๋ ˆ์ด๊ณฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
And if you just sort of happened upon this scene,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:29
you might think that Ting Ting
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํŒ…ํŒ…์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
05:30
is just playing with a stick,
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๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
but Ting Ting does this all day,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŒ…ํŒ…์ด๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
and if you pay close attention
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,
05:36
and if I showed you guys the full half-hour of this clip,
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ 30๋ถ„๋งŒ ๋” ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:39
you'd see that he does the exact same thing
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ํŒ…ํŒ…์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰๋™์„
05:41
in the exact same order, and he spins the stick
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
in the exact same way every time.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
Other super common behaviors that you may see,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์€,
05:48
particularly in captive animals,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:50
are pacing stereotypies or swaying stereotypies,
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์„œ์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชธ์„ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋™์ฆ(ๅธธๅŒ็—‡) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
and actually, humans do this too,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
and in us, we'll sway,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค๋„ ์Šต๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”๋“ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
we'll move from side to side.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ขŒ์šฐ๋กœ ๋ง‰ ํ”๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:00
Many of us do this, and sometimes
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:02
it's an effort to soothe ourselves,
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๊ฐ€๋” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ง„์ •์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
and I think in other animals that is often the case too.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
06:06
But it's not just stereotypic behaviors
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”
06:08
that other animals engage in.
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์ƒ๋™์ฆ์  ํ–‰๋™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
This is Gigi. She's a gorilla that lives
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
at the Franklin Park Zoo in Boston.
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ๊ณต์› ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
She actually has a Harvard psychiatrist,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
06:16
and she's been treated for a mood disorder
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์žฅ์•  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
among other things.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
06:19
Many animals develop mood disorders.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Lots of creatures โ€”
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๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์ด
06:23
this horse is just one example โ€”
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
06:25
develop self-destructive behaviors.
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์ž๊ธฐํŒŒ๊ดด์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
They'll gnaw on things
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ง‰ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋œฏ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
06:28
or do other things that may also soothe them,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ž˜์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
even if they're self-destructive,
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๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:32
which could be considered similar
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์€
06:33
to the ways that some humans cut themselves.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์žํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
Plucking.
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ํ„ธ๋ฝ‘๊ธฐ.
06:38
Turns out, if you have fur or feathers or skin,
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ํ„ธ, ๊นƒํ„ธ, ํ˜น์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
06:42
you can pluck yourself compulsively,
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๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฝ‘์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
and some parrots actually have been studied
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์•ต๋ฌด์ƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
to better understand trichotillomania, or compulsive plucking in humans,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ชจ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜€์ฃ .
06:49
something that affects
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๋ฐœ๋ชจ๋ฒฝ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ
06:51
20 million Americans right now.
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2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Lab rats pluck themselves too.
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์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ฅ๋“ค๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฐœ๋ชจ๋ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
In them, it's called barbering.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฐœ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Canine veterans of conflicts of Iraq and Afghanistan
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์ด๋ผํฌ-์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„ ๋ถ„์Ÿ๋•Œ ์ฐธ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋“ค์€
07:00
are coming back with what's considered canine PTSD,
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์™ธ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
and they're having a hard time reentering civilian life
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐธ์ „ ํ›„ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ
07:06
when they come back from deployments.
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์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
They can be too scared to approach men with beards
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ์„œ ์ˆ˜์—ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:10
or to hop into cars.
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์ฐจ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
I want to be careful and be clear, though.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€,
07:15
I do not think that canine PTSD
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๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์™ธ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€
07:18
is the same as human PTSD.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
But I also do not think that my PTSD
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์™ธ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€
07:23
is like your PTSD,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
or that my anxiety or that my sadness is like yours.
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์ €์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์Šฌํ””์ด ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
We are all different.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
We also all have very different susceptibilities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
So two dogs, raised in the same household,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋Š”
07:36
exposed to the very same things,
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๋™์ผํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:39
one may develop, say, a debilitating fear of motorcycles,
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ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์‡ ์•ฝ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์žฅ์• ๋‚˜
07:43
or a phobia of the beep of the microwave,
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์ „์ž๋ Œ์ง€์˜ ์‚ ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
and another one is going to be just fine.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๊ตฌ์š”.
07:47
So one thing that people ask me pretty frequently:
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
07:50
Is this just an instance of humans
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
07:52
driving other animals crazy?
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์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Or, is animal mental illness just a result of mistreatment or abuse?
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์€ ํ˜น์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:58
And it turns out we're actually
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”
07:59
so much more complicated than that.
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
So one great thing that has happened to me
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์€
08:06
is recently I published a book on this,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ถœํŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
and every day now that I open my email
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:13
or when I go to a reading
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๋…์„œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
08:14
or even when I go to a cocktail party,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์นตํ…Œ์ผ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐˆ๋•Œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
08:16
people tell me their stories
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜
08:18
of the animals that they have met.
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๋™๋ฌผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
And recently, I did a reading in California,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์—, ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์ถœํŒํšŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:23
and a woman raised her hand after the talk and she said,
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ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ์†์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
"Dr. Braitman, I think my cat has PTSD."
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"๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋งŒ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜, ์ œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์™ธ์ƒํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜๋ด์š”.
08:29
And I said, "Well, why? Tell me a little bit about it."
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์ €๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์Œ, ์™œ์š”? ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”?"
08:32
So, Ping is her cat. She was a rescue,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ํ•‘ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
08:35
and she used to live with an elderly man,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์‚ด์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
and one day the man was vacuuming
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์–ด๋Š๋‚ , ๊ทธ ๋…ธ์ธ์€ ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:40
and he suffered a heart attack, and he died.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„๋กœ, ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
A week later, Ping was discovered in the apartment
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„, ํ•‘์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
alongside the body of her owner,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฃผ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ฒด ์˜†์—์„œ์š”.
08:48
and the vacuum had been running the entire time.
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์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ž‘๋™๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
For many months, up to I think two years after that incident,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ดํ›„ 2๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋„,
08:57
she was so scared she couldn't be in the house when anyone was cleaning.
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ํ•‘์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฒ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์—๋Š” ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
She was quite literally a scaredy cat.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆœ๊ฒ์Ÿ์ด ์•ผ์˜น์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
She would hide in the closet.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ท์žฅ์†์— ์ˆจ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:04
She was un-self-confident and shaky,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณค ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์ด ๋ถ€๋“ค๋ถ€๋“ค ๋–จ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:05
but with the loving support of her family,
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๊ทธ๋…€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ, ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
09:08
a lot of a time, and their patience,
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๋ณด๋‚ด์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์ง€์ง€๋กœ,
09:10
now, three years later,
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3๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€,
09:11
she's actually a happy, confident cat.
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น๋‹นํ•œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
Another story of trauma and recovery that I came across
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ ๊ทน๋ณต ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:18
was actually a few years ago.
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๋ช‡๋…„์ „์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
I was in Thailand to do some research.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š๋ผ ํƒœ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:21
I met a monkey named Boonlua,
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๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„ ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์›์ˆญ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:25
and when Boonlua was a baby,
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๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ ์›์ˆญ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:27
he was attacked by a pack of dogs,
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๊ฐœ๋–ผ์˜ ์Šต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ,
09:29
and they ripped off both of his legs and one arm,
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ํ•œ์ชฝ ํŒ”๊ณผ ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐข๊ฒจ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
09:34
and Boonlua dragged himself to a monastery,
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๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„์›๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์–ด์„œ ์™”๊ตฌ์š”.
09:37
where the monks took him in.
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์ˆ˜๋„์Šน๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
09:38
They called in a veterinarian, who treated his wounds.
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์ˆ˜์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
Eventually, Boonlua wound up
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š”
09:43
at an elephant facility,
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์„ค์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
and the keepers really decided to take him under their wing,
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์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
and they figured out what he liked,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:49
which, it turned out, was mint Mentos
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ๋ฏผํŠธ๋ง› ๋ฉ˜ํ† ์Šค๋ž‘
09:51
and Rhinoceros beetles and eggs.
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์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ’๋Ž…์ด์™€ ๊ณ„๋ž€์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
But they worried, because he was social, that he was lonely,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ต์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์™ธ๋กœ์› ๊ณ ,
09:58
and they didn't want to put him in with another monkey,
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์‚ฌ์œก์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ˆญ์ด์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:00
because they thought with just one arm,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ์ชฝํŒ”๋งŒ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:01
he wouldn't be able to defend himself or even play.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋†€์ด๋„ ์•„๋งˆ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:04
And so they gave him a rabbit,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
and Boonlua was immediately a different monkey.
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๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ˆญ์ด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
He was extremely happy to be with this rabbit.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ† ๋ผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
They groomed each other, they become close friends,
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๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
and then the rabbit had bunnies,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ† ๋ผ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:16
and Boonlua was even happier than he was before,
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๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
10:19
and it had in a way given him
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์•„๊ธฐ ํ† ๋ผ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๊ฐ€
10:21
a reason to wake up in the morning,
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์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
and in fact it gave him such a reason to wake up
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ์–ด์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:25
that he decided not to sleep.
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๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ์ž ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
He became extremely protective of these bunnies,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
10:30
and he stopped sleeping,
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์ž ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
and he would sort of nod off
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๋ถ„์šฐ๋ผ๋Š” ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ๋•Œ
10:33
while trying to take care of them.
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๊พธ๋ฒ…๊พธ๋ฒ… ์กธ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
In fact, he was so protective and so affectionate
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณผ์ž‰๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์• ์ •์„ ์Ÿ์•„์„œ
10:37
with these babies that the sanctuary
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์•„๊ธฐ ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์„
10:39
eventually had to take them away from him
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
because he was so protective, he was worried
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
10:43
that their mother might hurt them.
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์—„๋งˆ ํ† ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•  ์ •๋„์˜€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:45
So after they were taken away, the sanctuary staff
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์•„๊ธฐ ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ„ ํ›„, ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์˜ ์ง์›์€
10:47
worried that he would fall into a depression,
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๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๋น ์งˆ๊นŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
and so to avoid that,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด,
10:50
they gave him another rabbit friend.
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๋ถ„๋ฃจ์•„์—๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ† ๋ผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:56
My official opinion is that he does not look depressed.
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์ €์˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
10:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:01
So one thing that I would really like people to feel
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
11:05
is that you really should feel empowered
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
11:08
to make some assumptions
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„
11:11
about the creatures that you know well.
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๋Š๊ปด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
So when it comes to your dog
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์ฆ‰, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๊ฐ€
11:14
or your cat or maybe your one-armed monkey
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ํ˜น์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ‚ค์šธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
11:17
that you happen to know,
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ํ•œ์ชฝํŒ”๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ˆญ์ด๊ฐ€.
11:18
if you think that they are traumatized or depressed,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ๋•Œ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:22
you're probably right.
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ์ด ๋งž์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
This is extremely anthropomorphic,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์˜์ธํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
11:27
or the assignation of human characteristics
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์—
11:30
onto non-human animals or things.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
I don't think, though, that that's a problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
I don't think that we can not anthropomorphize.
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์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์˜์ธํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
It's not as if you can take your human brain out of your head
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ
11:41
and put it in a jar and then use it
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์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
11:43
to think about another animal thinking.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
We will always be one animal wondering
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
about the emotional experience of another animal.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:50
So then the choice becomes, how do you anthropomorphize well?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์„ ํƒ์€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์ธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ
11:53
Or do you anthropomorphize poorly?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์˜์ธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†์ด ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
And anthropomorphizing poorly
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ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ์˜์ธํ™”๊ฐ€
11:58
is all too common.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:02
It may include dressing your corgis up and throwing them a wedding,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฝ”๊ธฐ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋ณต์„ ์ž…ํ˜€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜
12:04
or getting too close to exotic wildlife because
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ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:07
you believe that you had a spiritual connection.
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์ด๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์•ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
There's all manner of things.
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์•„๋งˆ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜์ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:11
Anthropomorphizing well, however, I believe is based
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ž˜๋œ ์˜์ธํ™”์˜ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์€
12:15
on accepting our animal similarities with other species
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๊ณผ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์  ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
12:17
and using them to make assumptions
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜
12:20
that are informed about other animals' minds and experiences,
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๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
and there's actually an entire industry
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€
12:26
that is in some ways based on anthropomorphizing well,
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜์ธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:29
and that is the psychopharmaceutical industry.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์ œ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
One in five Americans is currently taking a psychopharmaceutical drug,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ 5๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช… ๊ผด๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์ œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณต์šฉ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
from the antidepressants and antianxiety medications
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๊ทธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ, ํ•ญ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ œ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
12:40
to the antipsychotics.
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ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘์•ฝ๋ฌผ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
It turns out that we owe this
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๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
12:43
entire psychopharmaceutical arsenal
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ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์ œ์•ฝ์ œ์กฐ์—…์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐœ์ „์€
12:46
to other animals.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
These drugs were tested in non-human animals first,
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ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™๋ฌผ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฑฐ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ,
12:50
and not just for toxicity but for behavioral effects.
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๋…์„ฑ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
The very popular antipsychotic Thorazine
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ์ œ์ธ ์˜๋ผ์ง„์€
12:57
first relaxed rats before it relaxed people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ง„์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋จผ์ € ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ •์ œ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
The antianxiety medication Librium
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ํ•ญ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์›€์€
13:03
was given to cats selected for their meanness in the 1950s
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1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‚ฌ๋‚˜์šด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
13:07
and made them into peaceable felines.
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ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
And even antidepressants were first tested in rabbits.
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ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ํ† ๋ผ๋กœ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
Today, however, we are not just giving these drugs
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„
13:17
to other animals as test subjects,
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
13:19
but they're giving them these drugs as patients,
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ํ™˜์ž์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
both in ethical and much less ethical ways.
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์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋˜ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๋œ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์š”.
13:26
SeaWorld gives mother orcas antianxiety medications
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์”จ์›”๋“œ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ ๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋–ผ์–ด๋†“์„ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋ฏธ ๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜์—๊ฒŒ
13:30
when their calves are taken away.
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ํ•ญ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
Many zoo gorillas have been given antipsychotics
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ์ œ๋‚˜
13:35
and antianxiety medications.
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ํ•ญ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
But dogs like my own Oliver
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ๋“ค์€
13:40
are given antidepressants and some antianxiety medications
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ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•ญ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ
13:43
to keep them from jumping out of buildings
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๋†’์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋„๋กœ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
13:45
or jumping into traffic.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
Just recently, actually, a study came out in "Science"
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ตœ๊ทผ, ์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šค์ง€์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
13:50
that showed that even crawdads
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฌ๋“ค๋„ ํ•ญ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์—
13:52
responded to antianxiety medication.
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๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
It made them braver, less skittish,
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์•ฝ๊ธฐ์šด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฌ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์šฉ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๊ณ ,
13:56
and more likely to explore their environment.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋” ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
It's hard to know how many animals are on these drugs,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋ณต์šฉ์ค‘์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
14:04
but I can tell you that the animal pharmaceutical industry
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์ œ์•ฝ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด
14:07
is immense and growing,
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
from seven billion dollars in 2011
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2011๋…„ 7์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ
14:12
to a projected 9.25 billion by the year 2015.
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2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 92์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
Some animals are on these drugs indefinitely.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณต์šฉ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Others, like one bonobo who lives in Milwaukee
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๋ฐ€์›Œํ‚ค ๋™๋ฌผ์›์—์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๋„
14:25
at the zoo there was on them
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์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ณต์šฉ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:27
until he started to save his Paxil prescription
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ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ ํŒ์‹ค ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
14:29
and then distribute it among the other bonobos.
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์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:31
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:36
More than psychopharmaceuticals, though,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„
14:39
there are many, many, many other
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
14:42
therapeutic interventions that help other creatures.
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๋™๋ฌผ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
And here is a place where I think actually
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€
14:47
that veterinary medicine can teach something
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์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ํ•™์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ
14:49
to human medicine,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
which is, if you take your dog, who is, say,
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์Œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ
14:53
compulsively chasing his tail,
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์ž๊ธฐ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ซ“๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ
14:55
into the veterinary behaviorist,
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๋™๋ฌผํ–‰๋™ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
14:56
their first action isn't to reach for the prescription pad;
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
14:59
it's to ask you about your dog's life.
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๋‹น์‹  ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
15:02
They want to know how often your dog gets outside.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ–์— ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€,
15:05
They want to know how much exercise your dog is getting.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€
15:08
They want to know how much social time
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๋˜ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์นœํ•ด์งˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
15:09
with other dogs and other humans.
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์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
They want to talk to you about what sorts of therapies,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•,
15:14
largely behavior therapies,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„
15:16
you've tried with that animal.
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์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
Those are the things that often tend to help the most,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
15:21
especially when combined with psychopharmaceuticals.
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ–ฅ์ •์‹ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ์„๋•Œ์š”.
15:24
The thing, though, I believe, that helps the most,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
15:27
particularly with social animals,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š”,
15:29
is time with other social animals.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
In many ways, I feel like I became a service animal
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์• ์™„๊ฒฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ง์› ๊ฐ™์€
15:36
to my own dog,
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์กด์žฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:38
and I have seen parrots do it for people
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ์•ต๋ฌด์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ,
15:42
and people do it for parrots
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•ต๋ฌด์ƒˆ์—๊ฒŒ,
15:44
and dogs do it for elephants
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๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
15:46
and elephants do it for other elephants.
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
I don't know about you;
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
15:50
I get a lot of Internet forwards
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์ €๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ์˜ ์šฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
15:53
of unlikely animal friendships.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
I also think it's a huge part of Facebook,
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๋˜ํ•œ, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—์„œ๋„ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
15:58
the monkey that adopts the cat
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ˆญ์ด๋‚˜,
16:01
or the great dane who adopted the orphaned fawn,
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๊ณ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์•„๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์Šด์„ ์ž…์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ๋ฐ์ธ(๋ด๋งˆํฌ ๊ฐœ) ํ˜น์€
16:06
or the cow that makes friends with the pig,
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๋ผ์ง€์™€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์†Œ, ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ
16:09
and had you asked me eight, nine years ago, about these,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด 8-9๋…„ ์ „์— ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
16:13
I would have told you that they were hopelessly sentimental
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋ง์—†์ด ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ 
16:15
and maybe too anthropomorphic in the wrong way
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์˜์ธํ™”์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
and maybe even staged, and what I can tell you now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
16:21
is that there is actually something to this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
This is legit. In fact, some interesting studies
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๋„ค, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”,
16:28
have pointed to oxytocin levels,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•„๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:30
which are a kind of bonding hormone
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
16:32
that we release when we're having sex or nursing
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
16:35
or around someone that we care for extremely,
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์—„์ฒญ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
16:37
oxytocin levels raising in both humans and dogs
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๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ธ
16:40
who care about each other
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์˜ฅ์‹œํ† ์‹  ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์—
16:41
or who enjoy each other's company,
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
and beyond that, other studies show that oxytocin
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์˜ฅ์‹œํ† ์‹  ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€
16:45
raised even in other pairs of animals,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
so, say, in goats and dogs who were friends and played with each other,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์„œ๋กœ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ธ๋Š” ์—ผ์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„
16:51
their levels spiked afterwards.
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์˜ฅ์‹œํ† ์‹  ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
I have a friend who really showed me that
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
16:58
mental health is in fact a two-way street.
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์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
His name is Lonnie Hodge, and he's a veteran of Vietnam.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋กœ๋‹ˆ ํ•ซ์ง€์ด๊ณ , ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ „ ์ฐธ์ „ ์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
When he returned, he started working
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€๊ตญํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์‚ด์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์ƒ์กด์ž์™€
17:07
with survivors of genocide and a lot of people
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์ „์Ÿ์˜ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
17:10
who had gone through war trauma.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
And he had PTSD and also a fear of heights,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ „์—์„œ ์ „ํˆฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์•…ํ™”๋กœ
17:14
because in Vietnam, he had been
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ํ—ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฝฅํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๊ณต์ค‘๋‚™ํ•˜ ํ•œ ํ›„
17:16
rappelling backwards out of helicopters
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์™ธ์ƒํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ณ ์†Œ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
17:18
over the skids,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
17:19
and he was givena service dog named Gander, a labradoodle,
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๊ฐ ๋”๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„
17:22
to help him with PTSD and his fear of heights.
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๋ž˜๋ธŒ๋ผ๋‘๋“ค ์ข… ๊ฐœํ˜ธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
This is them actually on the first day that they met,
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๋กœ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ ๋”๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ฒซ๋‚ ์ด์—์š”.
17:28
which is amazing, and since then,
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ,
17:31
they've spent a lot of time together
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋žœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
17:33
visiting with other veterans suffering from similar issues.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐธ์ „์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
But what's so interesting to me about Lonnie and Gander's relationship
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ ๋”์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€๊ฑด
17:40
is about a few months in,
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์•ฝ ๋ช‡๋‹ฌ์ „์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
17:42
Gander actually developed a fear of heights,
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๊ฐ€๋“œ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์†Œ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
probably because he was watching Lonnie so closely.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋กœ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜ ๊ณ์—์„œ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
17:49
What's pretty great about this, though, is that he's still a fantastic service dog,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€ ๊ฐ ๋”๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜ธ๊ฒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
because now, when they're both at a great height,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด์ œ ๋‘˜๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
17:55
Lonnie is so concerned with Gander's well-being
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๋กœ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋”๊ฐ€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€์ง€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋˜์„œ
17:59
that he forgets to be scared of the heights himself.
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๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๊ณ ์†Œ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นŒ๋จน์„ ์ •๋„๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
18:05
Since I've spent so much time with these stories,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
18:08
digging into archives,
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์•„์นด์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ…์ƒ…์ด ์บ ์ฝ์—ˆ๊ณ 
18:10
I literally spent years doing this research,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธ€์ž๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ช‡๋…„์”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
and it's changed me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
I no longer look at animals at the species level.
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์ €๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:18
I look at them as individuals,
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์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ ,
18:20
and I think about them as creatures
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•  ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž ๊ณ ์œ ์˜
18:22
with their own individual weather systems
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18:25
guiding their behavior and informing
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๊ธฐ์ƒ์˜ˆ๋ณด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
how they respond to the world.
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18:29
And I really believe that this has made me
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๋˜ ์ „ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ๊ณต๊ฐ๋„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
18:32
a more curious and a more empathetic person,
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๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
18:34
both to the animals that share my bed
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์นจ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋” ์ œ ์ ‘์‹œ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
18:37
and occasionally wind up on my plate,
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18:40
but also to the people that I know
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
18:42
who are suffering from anxiety
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18:45
and from phobias and all manner of other things,
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18:48
and I really do believe that
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”.
18:50
even though you can't know exactly
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๋ผ์ง€๋‚˜, ํผ๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€๋‚˜, ํ˜น์€ ์• ์ธ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
18:52
what's going on in the mind of a pig
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18:56
or your pug or your partner,
435
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18:58
that that shouldn't stop you from empathizing with them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์ด์ž… ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
19:02
The best thing that we could do for our loved ones
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์•„๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์˜์ธํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
is, perhaps, to anthropomorphize them.
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19:08
Charles Darwin's father once told him
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์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:12
that everybody could lose their mind at some point.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
Thankfully, we can often find them again,
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
19:20
but only with each other's help.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜ค์ง ์„œ๋กœ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์„๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
19:22
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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