How we talk about sexual assault online | Ione Wells

119,084 views ใƒป 2016-10-31

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: hila scherba ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
It was April, last year.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืคืจื™ืœ, ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
00:15
I was on an evening out with friends
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
00:17
to celebrate one of their birthdays.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ.
00:19
We hadn't been all together for a couple of weeks;
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืจื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืชืื—ื“ื ื•.
00:22
it was a perfect evening, as we were all reunited.
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00:25
At the end of the evening,
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขืจื‘,
00:26
I caught the last underground train back to the other side of London.
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ืชืคืกืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
00:30
The journey was smooth.
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ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืœืงื”.
00:32
I got back to my local station
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื—ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื™
00:34
and I began the 10-minute walk home.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
00:37
As I turned the corner onto my street,
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ื›ืฉืคื ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื” ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื™,
00:39
my house in sight up ahead,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืœืคื ื™ื,
00:41
I heard footsteps behind me
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ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื™
ืฉื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื
00:43
that seemed to have approached out of nowhere
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ื•ืฆื‘ืจื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
00:45
and were picking up pace.
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00:47
Before I had time to process what was happening,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”,
00:50
a hand was clapped around my mouth so that I could not breathe,
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ื™ื“ ื—ืกืžื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืคื” ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื ืฉื•ื,
00:53
and the young man behind me dragged me to the ground,
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ ืžืฉืš ืื•ืชื™ ืœืงืจืงืข,
00:56
beat my head repeatedly against the pavement
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ื”ื›ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ืจื›ื”
00:58
until my face began to bleed,
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื“ืžื,
01:00
kicking me in the back and neck
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ื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ ื‘ื’ื‘ ื•ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืจ
01:02
while he began to assault me,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื™,
01:04
ripping off my clothes and telling me to "shut up,"
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ืœืงืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ "ืกืชืžื™ ืืช ื”ืคื”",
01:06
as I struggled to cry for help.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืื‘ืงืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืขื–ืจื”.
01:09
With each smack of my head to the concrete ground,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,
01:11
a question echoed through my mind that still haunts me today:
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ื”ื™ื“ื”ื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืืœื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื“ืคืช ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื:
01:15
"Is this going to be how it all ends?"
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"ื”ืื ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื’ืžืจ?"
01:18
Little could I have realized, I'd been followed the whole way
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš
01:21
from the moment I left the station.
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ืžืจื’ืข ืฉืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื ื”.
01:23
And hours later,
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ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
01:24
I was standing topless and barelegged in front of the police,
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ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื•ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”,
01:28
having the cuts and bruises on my naked body photographed
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ื›ืฉืžืฆืœืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืชื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื
ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช.
01:31
for forensic evidence.
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01:33
Now, there are few words to describe the all-consuming feelings
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื
01:37
of vulnerability, shame, upset and injustice that I was ridden with
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ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ื“ืื’ื” ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืœืื” ื‘ื”ืŸ
01:40
in that moment and for the weeks to come.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
01:43
But wanting to find a way to condense these feelings
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
01:46
into something ordered that I could work through,
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื•,
01:48
I decided to do what felt most natural to me:
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™:
01:51
I wrote about it.
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ืื ื™ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
01:53
It started out as a cathartic exercise.
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ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืงืชืจื˜ื™.
01:55
I wrote a letter to my assaulter,
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœื™,
01:58
humanizing him as "you,"
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ื”ืื ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘-"ืืชื”",
02:00
to identify him as part of the very community
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื”
02:03
that he had so violently abused that night.
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ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขืœืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืืœื™ืžื”.
02:06
Stressing the tidal-wave effect of his actions,
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ื‘ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื’ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”,
02:09
I wrote:
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™:
02:10
"Did you ever think of the people in your life?
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"ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš?
02:13
I don't know who the people in your life are.
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš.
02:16
I don't know anything about you.
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืขืœื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจ.
02:18
But I do know this:
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"ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื–ื”:
02:19
you did not just attack me that night.
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"ืืชื” ืœื ืจืง ืชืงืคืช ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื”.
02:22
I'm a daughter, I'm a friend,
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"ืื ื™ ื‘ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื”,
02:23
I'm a sister, I'm a pupil,
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"ืื ื™ ืื—ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื”,
02:25
I'm a cousin, I'm a niece,
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"ืื ื™ ื‘ืช ื“ื•ื“ื”, ืื ื™ ืื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืช,
02:26
I'm a neighbor;
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"ืื ื™ ืฉื›ื ื”;
02:28
I'm the employee who served everyone coffee
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"ืื ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ืงืคื”
02:30
in the cafรฉ under the railway.
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"ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžืกื™ืœื”.
02:32
And all the people who form these relations to me
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"ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™
02:34
make up my community.
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"ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™.
02:36
And you assaulted every single one of them.
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"ื•ืืชื” ืชืงืคืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ื.
02:39
You violated the truth that I will never cease to fight for,
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"ืืชื” ื—ื™ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื”,
02:42
and which all of these people represent:
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"ื•ืฉืื•ืชื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื:
02:44
that there are infinitely more good people in the world than bad."
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"ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืืฉืจ ืจืขื™ื."
02:48
But, determined not to let this one incident make me lose faith
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื ืœืชืช ืœืžืงืจื” ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืžื•ื ื”
02:51
in the solidarity in my community or humanity as a whole,
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ื‘ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืื• ื‘ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”,
02:54
I recalled the 7/7 terrorist bombings in July 2005 on London transport,
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ื ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืœ ืžืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ ื”-7/7 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2005 ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
02:59
and how the mayor of London at the time, and indeed my own parents,
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ื•ืื™ืš ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื’ื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
ื”ืชืขืงืฉื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืžื—ืจืช,
03:02
had insisted that we all get back on the tubes the next day,
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03:05
so we wouldn't be defined or changed
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืื• ื ืฉืชื ื”
03:07
by those that had made us feel unsafe.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื• ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
03:09
I told my attacker,
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ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœื™,
03:11
"You've carried out your attack,
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"ืืชื” ื‘ื™ืฆืขืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืคื” ืฉืœืš,
03:13
but now I'm getting back on my tube.
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"ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
03:16
My community will not feel we are unsafe walking home after dark.
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"ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš,
03:19
We will get on the last tubes home,
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
03:21
and we will walk up our streets alone,
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"ื•ื ืœืš ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื‘ื“,
"ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืฉืจื™ืฉ ืื• ื ื™ื›ื ืข ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
03:23
because we will not ingrain or submit to the idea
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"ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
03:25
that we are putting ourselves in danger in doing so.
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03:28
We will continue to come together, like an army,
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื—ื“, ื›ืžื• ืฆื‘ื,
03:30
when any member of our community is threatened.
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"ื›ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืื•ื™ื™ื.
03:33
And this is a fight you will not win."
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"ื•ื–ื” ืงืจื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืœื ืชื ืฆื—."
03:37
At the time of writing this letter --
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื” โ€“
03:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:40
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
03:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:44
At the time of writing this letter,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
03:46
I was studying for my exams in Oxford,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“,
03:48
and I was working on the local student paper there.
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ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉื.
03:50
Despite being lucky enough to have friends and family supporting me,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช ืžื–ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื™,
ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื”.
03:54
it was an isolating time.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™;
03:55
I didn't know anyone who'd been through this before;
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™.
03:57
at least I didn't think I did.
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ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช, ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช,
03:59
I'd read news reports, statistics, and knew how common sexual assault was,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™.
04:02
yet I couldn't actually name a single person
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04:04
that I'd heard speak out about an experience of this kind before.
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04:07
So in a somewhat spontaneous decision,
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ืื– ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื”ื•,
04:09
I decided that I would publish my letter in the student paper,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื,
04:12
hoping to reach out to others in Oxford
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“
04:14
that might have had a similar experience and be feeling the same way.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
04:18
At the end of the letter,
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ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžื›ืชื‘,
04:19
I asked others to write in with their experiences
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืชื—ืช ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ #ืœื_ืืฉืž/ื”".
04:21
under the hashtag, "#NotGuilty,"
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04:23
to emphasize that survivors of assault could express themselves
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืจื“ื• ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื
04:26
without feeling shame or guilt about what happened to them --
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ื‘ืœื™ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืื• ื”ืืฉืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื”ื -
ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
04:29
to show that we could all stand up to sexual assault.
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04:32
What I never anticipated is that almost overnight,
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”,
04:35
this published letter would go viral.
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ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืคื™ืจืกืžืชื™ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืจืืœื™.
04:37
Soon, we were receiving hundreds of stories
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ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
04:40
from men and women across the world,
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ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:41
which we began to publish on a website I set up.
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ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืคืจืกื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉื”ืงืžืชื™.
04:44
And the hashtag became a campaign.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื” ื”ืคืš ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ.
04:47
There was an Australian mother in her 40s who described how on an evening out,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืžื ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœื” ืฉืชื™ืืจื” ืื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘,
04:51
she was followed to the bathroom
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ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืกื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืคืฉืขื”.
04:52
by a man who went to repeatedly grab her crotch.
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04:55
There was a man in the Netherlands
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ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ืฉืชื™ืืจ ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืื ืก ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ
04:56
who described how he was date-raped on a visit to London
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ื•ืœื ื ืœืงื— ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื”.
04:59
and wasn't taken seriously by anyone he reported his case to.
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05:02
I had personal Facebook messages from people in India and South America,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
ืฉืืžืจื•, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื?
05:06
saying, how can we bring the message of the campaign there?
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื ื™ืงื™,
05:09
One of the first contributions we had was from a woman called Nikki,
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05:11
who described growing up, being molested my her own father.
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ืฉืชื™ืืจื” ืื™ืš ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ืื‘ื™ื”.
05:14
And I had friends open up to me
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื™
05:16
about experiences ranging from those that happened last week
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงืจื• ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ
05:19
to those that happened years ago, that I'd had no idea about.
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ื•ืขื“ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืงืจื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ.
05:23
And the more we started to receive these messages,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื•, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื” -
05:25
the more we also started to receive messages of hope --
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05:28
people feeling empowered by this community of voices
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ื–ืงื™ื ืžืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช
05:30
standing up to sexual assault and victim-blaming.
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ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืฉืžืช ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
05:33
One woman called Olivia,
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ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”,
05:34
after describing how she was attacked
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื™ืืจื” ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืชืงืคื”
05:36
by someone she had trusted and cared about for a long time,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืกืžื›ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื” ืžืžื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
ืืžืจื”, "ืื ื™ ืงืจืืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื›ืืŸ,
05:39
said, "I've read many of the stories posted here,
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05:41
and I feel hopeful that if so many women can move forward,
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"ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื” ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืื”,
05:44
then I can, too.
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"ืื– ื’ื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื”.
05:45
I've been inspired by many,
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"ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”,
"ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืžื•ื”ืŸ.
05:47
and I hope I can be as strong as them someday.
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"ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื”."
05:49
I'm sure I will."
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05:51
People around the world began tweeting under this hashtag,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืฅ ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ืืฉื˜ืื’ ื”ื–ื”,
05:53
and the letter was republished and covered by the national press,
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ื•ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืคื•ืจืกื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื ืกืงืจ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช,
05:56
as well as being translated into several other languages worldwide.
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ื•ื’ื ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
06:00
But something struck me about the media attention
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™ ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ืช
ืฉื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืš ืืœื™ื•.
06:03
that this letter was attracting.
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06:04
For something to be front-page news,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
06:06
given the word "news" itself,
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ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช" ืขืฆืžื”,
06:09
we can assume it must be something new or something surprising.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืคืชื™ืข.
06:13
And yet sexual assault is not something new.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:15
Sexual assault, along with other kinds of injustices,
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ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
06:18
is reported in the media all the time.
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ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
06:21
But through the campaign,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ,
06:22
these injustices were framed as not just news stories,
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื’ ืœื ืจืง ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืชื™,
06:25
they were firsthand experiences that had affected real people,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
06:28
who were creating, with the solidarity of others,
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ืฉื™ืฆืจื•, ืขื ื”ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื,
06:30
what they needed and had previously lacked:
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ืœื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื”:
06:32
a platform to speak out,
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ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
06:34
the reassurance they weren't alone or to blame for what happened to them
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ื”ื”ืจื’ืขื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืฉื”ื ืœื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื”ื
06:37
and open discussions that would help to reduce stigma around the issue.
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ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื’ืžื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
06:41
The voices of those directly affected were at the forefront of the story --
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ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ -
06:45
not the voices of journalists or commentators on social media.
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ืœื ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืื• ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
06:48
And that's why the story was news.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
06:52
We live in an incredibly interconnected world
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
06:54
with the proliferation of social media,
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ืขื ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
06:56
which is of course a fantastic resource for igniting social change.
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœื”ื ืขืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
06:59
But it's also made us increasingly reactive,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื™ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื,
07:02
from the smallest annoyances of, "Oh, my train's been delayed,"
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ืžื”ืžื˜ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ - "ื”ื•, ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ืžืชืขื›ื‘ืช,"
07:06
to the greatest injustices of war, genocides, terrorist attacks.
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ืœืขื•ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืจืฆื— ืขื, ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
07:10
Our default response has become to leap to react to any kind of grievance
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ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ื ื”
07:14
by tweeting, Facebooking, hastagging --
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ, ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ืื• ืชื’ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื” -
07:16
anything to show others that we, too, have reacted.
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื ื•.
07:19
The problem with reacting in this manner en masse
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•
ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื ื• ื›ืœืœ,
07:22
is it can sometimes mean that we don't actually react at all,
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ืœื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”.
07:25
not in the sense of actually doing anything, anyway.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืชืจืžื ื• ืœืื‘ืœ ืื• ื–ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™,
07:27
It might make ourselves feel better,
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07:29
like we've contributed to a group mourning or outrage,
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07:31
but it doesn't actually change anything.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉื ื” ืžืฉื”ื•.
07:33
And what's more,
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ,
ื–ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช
07:35
it can sometimes drown out the voices
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07:36
of those directly affected by the injustice,
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ืฉืœ ืืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ื•ืœ,
07:39
whose needs must be heard.
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ืืœื• ืฉื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข.
07:41
Worrying, too, is the tendency for some reactions to injustice
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ืžื“ืื™ื’ ื’ื ืฉื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง
07:45
to build even more walls,
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช,
07:47
being quick to point fingers with the hope of providing easy solutions
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ืœืžื”ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ืืฆื‘ืข ืžืืฉื™ืžื” ืขื ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืกืคืง ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงืœื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื•ืช.
07:50
to complex problems.
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07:52
One British tabloid, on the publication of my letter,
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ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื™,
07:54
branded a headline stating,
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ืคื™ืจืกื ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช,
07:56
"Oxford Student Launches Online Campaign to Shame Attacker."
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"ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืžืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืžืฉื™ืงื” ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ."
08:01
But the campaign never meant to shame anyone.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
08:04
It meant to let people speak and to make others listen.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
08:08
Divisive Twitter trolls were quick to create even more injustice,
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ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื ืžืคืœื’ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืžื™ื”ืจื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง,
08:11
commenting on my attacker's ethnicity or class
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ื‘ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืื• ื”ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœื™
08:14
to push their own prejudiced agendas.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
08:17
And some even accused me of feigning the whole thing
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
08:20
to push, and I quote,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื“ื, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื˜ืช,
08:22
my "feminist agenda of man-hating."
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ืืช "ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœื™ ืœืฉื ืืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื."
08:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:27
I know, right?
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื”, "ื”ื™ ื—ื‘ืจ'ื”, ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข,
08:29
As if I'm going to be like, "Hey guys! Sorry I can't make it,
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08:31
I'm busy trying to hate the entire male population
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"ืื ื™ ืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
"ืขื“ ืฉืื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ 30."
08:34
by the time I'm 30."
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08:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:36
Now, I'm almost sure
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”
08:39
that these people wouldn't say the things they say in person.
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ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื.
08:42
But it's as if because they might be behind a screen,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžืกืš,
08:44
in the comfort in their own home
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ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
08:46
when on social media,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
08:47
people forget that what they're doing is a public act --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ -
ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืงืจืื• ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฉืคืขื• ืžื–ื”.
08:50
that other people will be reading it and be affected by it.
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08:53
Returning to my analogy of getting back on our trains,
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ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
08:56
another main concern I have about this noise that escalates
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ืขื•ื“ ื“ืื’ื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžืชื’ื‘ืจ
08:59
from our online responses to injustice
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ืžื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง
09:01
is that it can very easily slip into portraying us as the affected party,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ืชืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืฆื“ ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืข,
09:04
which can lead to a sense of defeatism,
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื ื•ืช,
09:06
a kind of mental barrier to seeing any opportunity for positivity or change
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ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื—ืกื•ื ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืื• ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™
09:10
after a negative situation.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
09:13
A couple of months before the campaign started
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
ืื• ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืงืจื” ืœื™,
09:15
or any of this happened to me,
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09:16
I went to a TEDx event in Oxford,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข TEDx ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“,
09:18
and I saw Zelda la Grange speak,
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ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ืœื“ื” ืœื” ื—ืจืื ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจืช,
09:20
the former private secretary to Nelson Mandela.
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ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื”.
09:22
One of the stories she told really struck me.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื” ืžืžืฉ ื ื’ืข ื‘ื™.
09:25
She spoke of when Mandela was taken to court
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื ื“ืœื” ื ืชื‘ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ื• ืžืฉืคื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ื-ืืคืจื™ืงืื™
09:27
by the South African Rugby Union
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09:29
after he commissioned an inquiry into sports affairs.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜.
09:32
In the courtroom,
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ื‘ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืœืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ื-ืืคืจื™ืงืื™,
09:33
he went up to the South African Rugby Union's lawyers,
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09:36
shook them by the hand
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ืœื—ืฅ ืืช ื™ื“ื ื•ืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื™ืžื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉืœื•.
09:37
and conversed with them, each in their own language.
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09:39
And Zelda wanted to protest,
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ื•ื–ืœื“ื” ืจืฆืชื” ืœืžื—ื•ืช,
ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื•
09:41
saying they had no right to his respect
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09:43
after this injustice they had caused him.
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ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ืฉื”ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื•.
09:45
He turned to her and said,
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ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื” ื•ืืžืจ,
09:48
"You must never allow the enemy to determine the grounds for battle."
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"ืืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืงืจื‘."
09:53
At the time of hearing these words,
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ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
09:55
I didn't really know why they were so important,
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
09:57
but I felt they were, and I wrote them down in a notebook I had on me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืืœื”, ื•ืจืฉืžืชื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืชื™.
10:01
But I've thought about this line a lot ever since.
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื–.
10:04
Revenge, or the expression of hatred
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ื ืงืžื”, ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืื”,
10:06
towards those who have done us injustice
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ื›ืœืคื™ ืืœื• ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื ื• ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง
10:08
may feel like a human instinct in the face of wrong,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ืžื• ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื›ืฉื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื•ืœ,
10:11
but we need to break out of these cycles
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื–ื”
10:13
if we are to hope to transform negative events of injustice
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง
10:16
into positive social change.
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
10:18
To do otherwise
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืš,
10:20
continues to let the enemy determine the grounds for battle,
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืงืจื‘,
10:23
creates a binary,
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ื•ืช,
10:24
where we who have suffered become the affected,
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ืฉื‘ื” ืืœื• ืฉืกื‘ืœื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื,
10:27
pitted against them, the perpetrators.
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ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื•ืจ ื ื’ื“ื, ืืœื• ืฉืคืฉืขื• ื‘ื ื•.
10:30
And just like we got back on our tubes,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
10:32
we can't let our platforms for interconnectivity and community
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืชืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื•ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื•ืช
10:35
be the places that we settle for defeat.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขืœ ืชื‘ื•ืกื”.
10:39
But I don't want to discourage a social media response,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
10:42
because I owe the development of the #NotGuilty campaign
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ #ืœื_ืืฉืžื”
ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
10:45
almost entirely to social media.
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10:46
But I do want to encourage a more considered approach
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ืช
ืœื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง.
10:49
to the way we use it to respond to injustice.
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ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:51
The start, I think, is to ask ourselves two things.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื–ื”?
10:54
Firstly: Why do I feel this injustice?
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10:56
In my case, there were several answers to this.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื™, ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื–ื”.
10:58
Someone had hurt me and those who I loved,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคื’ืข ื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ืืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช,
11:01
under the assumption they wouldn't have to be held to account
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ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืงื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื–ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืจื.
11:04
or recognize the damage they had caused.
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ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืฉืืœืคื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื
11:06
Not only that, but thousands of men and women suffer every day
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11:08
from sexual abuse, often in silence,
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ืžื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื”,
11:10
yet it's still a problem we don't give the same airtime to as other issues.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
11:14
It's still an issue many people blame victims for.
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11:16
Next, ask yourself: How, in recognizing these reasons,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื, ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื: ืื™ืš, ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
11:20
could I go about reversing them?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื?
11:22
With us, this was holding my attacker to account -- and many others.
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ืืฆืœื ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœื™ - ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
11:25
It was calling them out on the effect they had caused.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉื”ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”.
11:28
It was giving airtime to the issue of sexual assault,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืช ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช,
11:31
opening up discussions amongst friends, amongst families, in the media
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ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
11:34
that had been closed for too long,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ,
ื•ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื”ื.
11:36
and stressing that victims shouldn't feel to blame
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11:38
for what happened to them.
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11:39
We might still have a long way to go in solving this problem entirely.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืคืชื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื›ื›ืœื™ ืคืขื™ืœ ืœืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
11:43
But in this way,
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11:44
we can begin to use social media as an active tool for social justice,
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ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื—,
11:47
as a tool to educate, to stimulate dialogues,
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11:49
to make those in positions of authority aware of an issue
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื
11:52
by listening to those directly affected by it.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืœืืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ.
11:56
Because sometimes these questions don't have easy answers.
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ื›ื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงืœื™ื.
12:00
In fact, they rarely do.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื.
12:02
But this doesn't mean we still can't give them a considered response.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืงื•ืœื”.
12:06
In situations where you can't go about thinking
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
12:08
how you'd reverse this feeling of injustice,
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆื“ืง,
12:10
you can still think, maybe not what you can do,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
12:13
but what you can not do.
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ืืœื ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
12:15
You can not build further walls by fighting injustice with more prejudice,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช,
12:19
more hatred.
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ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืื”.
12:20
You can not speak over those directly affected by an injustice.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœ ืืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง.
12:25
And you can not react to injustice, only to forget about it the next day,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง, ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื—ืจืช,
12:29
just because the rest of Twitter has moved on.
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืฉืืจ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื”.
12:32
Sometimes not reacting instantly is, ironically,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™,
ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช.
12:36
the best immediate course of action we can take.
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12:39
Because we might be angry, upset and energized by injustice,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืขืกื™ื, ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ ืžืจืฅ ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง,
12:44
but let's consider our responses.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:47
Let us hold people to account, without descending into a culture
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื“ืจื“ืจ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช
12:50
that thrives off shaming and injustice ourselves.
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ืฉืžืฉื’ืฉื’ืช ืžื‘ื™ื•ืฉ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
12:54
Let us remember that distinction,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
ืฉื ืฉื›ื—ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
12:56
so often forgotten by internet users,
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12:58
between criticism and insult.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ.
13:01
Let us not forget to think before we speak,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื ื ืฉื›ื— ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
13:03
just because we might have a screen in front of us.
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืกืš ืžื•ืœื ื•.
13:05
And when we create noise on social media,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืจืขืฉ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
13:07
let it not drown out the needs of those affected,
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื• ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื,
13:10
but instead let it amplify their voices,
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ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
13:12
so the internet becomes a place where you're not the exception
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืœื ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ
ืื ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืงืจื” ืœืš.
13:15
if you speak out about something that has actually happened to you.
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13:18
All these considered approaches to injustice
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ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง
13:20
evoke the very keystones on which the internet was built:
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ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ื ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜:
13:24
to network, to have signal, to connect --
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจื™ื, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื, ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ -
13:26
all these terms that imply bringing people together,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ืœืงืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื,
ืœื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
13:29
not pushing people apart.
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13:31
Because if you look up the word "justice" in the dictionary,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืชื—ืคืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืฆื“ืง" ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ,
13:35
before punishment,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืขื•ื ืฉ,
13:37
before administration of law or judicial authority,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ืื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช,
13:41
you get:
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ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื:
13:42
"The maintenance of what is right."
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"ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ."
13:45
And I think there are few things more "right" in this world
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ "ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื" ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”
13:49
than bringing people together,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืงืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื,
13:51
than unions.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืชืื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช.
13:53
And if we allow social media to deliver that,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื–ื”,
13:55
then it can deliver a very powerful form of justice, indeed.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง.
14:00
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
14:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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