How we talk about sexual assault online | Ione Wells

118,900 views ・ 2016-10-31

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:13
It was April, last year.
0
13097
2037
00:15
I was on an evening out with friends
1
15714
1747
00:17
to celebrate one of their birthdays.
2
17485
1753
00:19
We hadn't been all together for a couple of weeks;
3
19677
2393
00:22
it was a perfect evening, as we were all reunited.
4
22094
2396
00:25
At the end of the evening,
5
25220
1253
00:26
I caught the last underground train back to the other side of London.
6
26497
3685
00:30
The journey was smooth.
7
30663
1792
00:32
I got back to my local station
8
32479
1508
00:34
and I began the 10-minute walk home.
9
34011
2027
00:37
As I turned the corner onto my street,
10
37159
2364
00:39
my house in sight up ahead,
11
39547
1516
00:41
I heard footsteps behind me
12
41596
1384
00:43
that seemed to have approached out of nowhere
13
43004
2163
00:45
and were picking up pace.
14
45191
1400
00:47
Before I had time to process what was happening,
15
47778
2527
00:50
a hand was clapped around my mouth so that I could not breathe,
16
50329
3131
00:53
and the young man behind me dragged me to the ground,
17
53484
2700
00:56
beat my head repeatedly against the pavement
18
56208
2126
00:58
until my face began to bleed,
19
58358
1982
01:00
kicking me in the back and neck
20
60364
2208
01:02
while he began to assault me,
21
62596
1652
01:04
ripping off my clothes and telling me to "shut up,"
22
64272
2462
01:06
as I struggled to cry for help.
23
66758
1659
01:09
With each smack of my head to the concrete ground,
24
69423
2396
01:11
a question echoed through my mind that still haunts me today:
25
71843
2930
01:15
"Is this going to be how it all ends?"
26
75118
2209
01:18
Little could I have realized, I'd been followed the whole way
27
78828
2912
01:21
from the moment I left the station.
28
81764
1951
01:23
And hours later,
29
83739
1203
01:24
I was standing topless and barelegged in front of the police,
30
84966
3544
01:28
having the cuts and bruises on my naked body photographed
31
88534
2772
01:31
for forensic evidence.
32
91330
1522
01:33
Now, there are few words to describe the all-consuming feelings
33
93956
3239
01:37
of vulnerability, shame, upset and injustice that I was ridden with
34
97219
3205
01:40
in that moment and for the weeks to come.
35
100448
2056
01:43
But wanting to find a way to condense these feelings
36
103868
2624
01:46
into something ordered that I could work through,
37
106516
2322
01:48
I decided to do what felt most natural to me:
38
108862
2135
01:51
I wrote about it.
39
111322
1235
01:53
It started out as a cathartic exercise.
40
113149
2433
01:55
I wrote a letter to my assaulter,
41
115606
3058
01:58
humanizing him as "you,"
42
118688
2095
02:00
to identify him as part of the very community
43
120807
2877
02:03
that he had so violently abused that night.
44
123708
2148
02:06
Stressing the tidal-wave effect of his actions,
45
126991
2274
02:09
I wrote:
46
129289
1216
02:10
"Did you ever think of the people in your life?
47
130920
2330
02:13
I don't know who the people in your life are.
48
133841
2337
02:16
I don't know anything about you.
49
136202
1957
02:18
But I do know this:
50
138183
1632
02:19
you did not just attack me that night.
51
139839
2081
02:22
I'm a daughter, I'm a friend,
52
142323
1513
02:23
I'm a sister, I'm a pupil,
53
143860
1685
02:25
I'm a cousin, I'm a niece,
54
145569
1302
02:26
I'm a neighbor;
55
146895
1167
02:28
I'm the employee who served everyone coffee
56
148086
2049
02:30
in the café under the railway.
57
150159
1553
02:32
And all the people who form these relations to me
58
152362
2486
02:34
make up my community.
59
154872
1653
02:36
And you assaulted every single one of them.
60
156549
2135
02:39
You violated the truth that I will never cease to fight for,
61
159418
2836
02:42
and which all of these people represent:
62
162278
1937
02:44
that there are infinitely more good people in the world than bad."
63
164239
3270
02:48
But, determined not to let this one incident make me lose faith
64
168790
2999
02:51
in the solidarity in my community or humanity as a whole,
65
171813
2713
02:54
I recalled the 7/7 terrorist bombings in July 2005 on London transport,
66
174550
4478
02:59
and how the mayor of London at the time, and indeed my own parents,
67
179052
3400
03:02
had insisted that we all get back on the tubes the next day,
68
182476
2847
03:05
so we wouldn't be defined or changed
69
185347
1763
03:07
by those that had made us feel unsafe.
70
187134
1899
03:09
I told my attacker,
71
189490
1454
03:11
"You've carried out your attack,
72
191740
1549
03:13
but now I'm getting back on my tube.
73
193313
2140
03:16
My community will not feel we are unsafe walking home after dark.
74
196162
3267
03:19
We will get on the last tubes home,
75
199453
1703
03:21
and we will walk up our streets alone,
76
201180
1834
03:23
because we will not ingrain or submit to the idea
77
203038
2336
03:25
that we are putting ourselves in danger in doing so.
78
205398
2768
03:28
We will continue to come together, like an army,
79
208190
2600
03:30
when any member of our community is threatened.
80
210814
2947
03:33
And this is a fight you will not win."
81
213785
2110
03:37
At the time of writing this letter --
82
217621
1807
03:39
(Applause)
83
219452
1375
03:40
Thank you.
84
220851
1145
03:42
(Applause)
85
222020
2000
03:44
At the time of writing this letter,
86
224717
1720
03:46
I was studying for my exams in Oxford,
87
226461
1855
03:48
and I was working on the local student paper there.
88
228340
2384
03:50
Despite being lucky enough to have friends and family supporting me,
89
230748
3300
03:54
it was an isolating time.
90
234072
1208
03:55
I didn't know anyone who'd been through this before;
91
235304
2487
03:57
at least I didn't think I did.
92
237815
1444
03:59
I'd read news reports, statistics, and knew how common sexual assault was,
93
239283
3494
04:02
yet I couldn't actually name a single person
94
242801
2057
04:04
that I'd heard speak out about an experience of this kind before.
95
244882
3083
04:07
So in a somewhat spontaneous decision,
96
247989
1937
04:09
I decided that I would publish my letter in the student paper,
97
249950
2996
04:12
hoping to reach out to others in Oxford
98
252970
1908
04:14
that might have had a similar experience and be feeling the same way.
99
254902
3371
04:18
At the end of the letter,
100
258297
1226
04:19
I asked others to write in with their experiences
101
259547
2366
04:21
under the hashtag, "#NotGuilty,"
102
261937
1692
04:23
to emphasize that survivors of assault could express themselves
103
263653
3026
04:26
without feeling shame or guilt about what happened to them --
104
266703
2906
04:29
to show that we could all stand up to sexual assault.
105
269633
2576
04:32
What I never anticipated is that almost overnight,
106
272233
2832
04:35
this published letter would go viral.
107
275089
1918
04:37
Soon, we were receiving hundreds of stories
108
277619
2526
04:40
from men and women across the world,
109
280169
1783
04:41
which we began to publish on a website I set up.
110
281976
2672
04:44
And the hashtag became a campaign.
111
284672
2058
04:47
There was an Australian mother in her 40s who described how on an evening out,
112
287652
3690
04:51
she was followed to the bathroom
113
291366
1556
04:52
by a man who went to repeatedly grab her crotch.
114
292946
2326
04:55
There was a man in the Netherlands
115
295296
1622
04:56
who described how he was date-raped on a visit to London
116
296942
2692
04:59
and wasn't taken seriously by anyone he reported his case to.
117
299658
2882
05:02
I had personal Facebook messages from people in India and South America,
118
302564
3434
05:06
saying, how can we bring the message of the campaign there?
119
306022
3111
05:09
One of the first contributions we had was from a woman called Nikki,
120
309173
2798
05:11
who described growing up, being molested my her own father.
121
311995
2817
05:14
And I had friends open up to me
122
314836
1483
05:16
about experiences ranging from those that happened last week
123
316343
3093
05:19
to those that happened years ago, that I'd had no idea about.
124
319460
3127
05:23
And the more we started to receive these messages,
125
323326
2359
05:25
the more we also started to receive messages of hope --
126
325709
2584
05:28
people feeling empowered by this community of voices
127
328317
2475
05:30
standing up to sexual assault and victim-blaming.
128
330816
2504
05:33
One woman called Olivia,
129
333344
1299
05:34
after describing how she was attacked
130
334667
1785
05:36
by someone she had trusted and cared about for a long time,
131
336476
2826
05:39
said, "I've read many of the stories posted here,
132
339326
2398
05:41
and I feel hopeful that if so many women can move forward,
133
341748
2990
05:44
then I can, too.
134
344762
1182
05:45
I've been inspired by many,
135
345968
1307
05:47
and I hope I can be as strong as them someday.
136
347299
2193
05:49
I'm sure I will."
137
349516
1154
05:51
People around the world began tweeting under this hashtag,
138
351082
2726
05:53
and the letter was republished and covered by the national press,
139
353832
3077
05:56
as well as being translated into several other languages worldwide.
140
356933
3296
06:00
But something struck me about the media attention
141
360642
2374
06:03
that this letter was attracting.
142
363040
1611
06:04
For something to be front-page news,
143
364675
2078
06:06
given the word "news" itself,
144
366777
2967
06:09
we can assume it must be something new or something surprising.
145
369768
3380
06:13
And yet sexual assault is not something new.
146
373172
2226
06:15
Sexual assault, along with other kinds of injustices,
147
375870
2861
06:18
is reported in the media all the time.
148
378755
1888
06:21
But through the campaign,
149
381154
1198
06:22
these injustices were framed as not just news stories,
150
382376
2607
06:25
they were firsthand experiences that had affected real people,
151
385007
3318
06:28
who were creating, with the solidarity of others,
152
388349
2350
06:30
what they needed and had previously lacked:
153
390723
2091
06:32
a platform to speak out,
154
392838
1397
06:34
the reassurance they weren't alone or to blame for what happened to them
155
394259
3452
06:37
and open discussions that would help to reduce stigma around the issue.
156
397735
3629
06:41
The voices of those directly affected were at the forefront of the story --
157
401388
3668
06:45
not the voices of journalists or commentators on social media.
158
405080
3226
06:48
And that's why the story was news.
159
408733
2383
06:52
We live in an incredibly interconnected world
160
412239
2107
06:54
with the proliferation of social media,
161
414370
1900
06:56
which is of course a fantastic resource for igniting social change.
162
416294
3633
06:59
But it's also made us increasingly reactive,
163
419951
2727
07:02
from the smallest annoyances of, "Oh, my train's been delayed,"
164
422702
3387
07:06
to the greatest injustices of war, genocides, terrorist attacks.
165
426113
4371
07:10
Our default response has become to leap to react to any kind of grievance
166
430508
3498
07:14
by tweeting, Facebooking, hastagging --
167
434030
2148
07:16
anything to show others that we, too, have reacted.
168
436202
2652
07:19
The problem with reacting in this manner en masse
169
439798
2313
07:22
is it can sometimes mean that we don't actually react at all,
170
442135
2921
07:25
not in the sense of actually doing anything, anyway.
171
445080
2449
07:27
It might make ourselves feel better,
172
447553
1738
07:29
like we've contributed to a group mourning or outrage,
173
449315
2551
07:31
but it doesn't actually change anything.
174
451890
1962
07:33
And what's more,
175
453876
1164
07:35
it can sometimes drown out the voices
176
455064
1804
07:36
of those directly affected by the injustice,
177
456892
2098
07:39
whose needs must be heard.
178
459014
1579
07:41
Worrying, too, is the tendency for some reactions to injustice
179
461780
3853
07:45
to build even more walls,
180
465657
1597
07:47
being quick to point fingers with the hope of providing easy solutions
181
467278
3362
07:50
to complex problems.
182
470664
1193
07:52
One British tabloid, on the publication of my letter,
183
472328
2539
07:54
branded a headline stating,
184
474891
1529
07:56
"Oxford Student Launches Online Campaign to Shame Attacker."
185
476444
3657
08:01
But the campaign never meant to shame anyone.
186
481567
2267
08:04
It meant to let people speak and to make others listen.
187
484237
3147
08:08
Divisive Twitter trolls were quick to create even more injustice,
188
488186
3414
08:11
commenting on my attacker's ethnicity or class
189
491624
2950
08:14
to push their own prejudiced agendas.
190
494598
2237
08:17
And some even accused me of feigning the whole thing
191
497381
3461
08:20
to push, and I quote,
192
500866
2106
08:22
my "feminist agenda of man-hating."
193
502996
3814
08:26
(Laughter)
194
506834
1062
08:27
I know, right?
195
507920
1160
08:29
As if I'm going to be like, "Hey guys! Sorry I can't make it,
196
509104
2865
08:31
I'm busy trying to hate the entire male population
197
511993
2365
08:34
by the time I'm 30."
198
514382
1385
08:35
(Laughter)
199
515791
1138
08:36
Now, I'm almost sure
200
516953
2048
08:39
that these people wouldn't say the things they say in person.
201
519025
2972
08:42
But it's as if because they might be behind a screen,
202
522021
2762
08:44
in the comfort in their own home
203
524807
1559
08:46
when on social media,
204
526390
1151
08:47
people forget that what they're doing is a public act --
205
527565
2654
08:50
that other people will be reading it and be affected by it.
206
530243
2776
08:53
Returning to my analogy of getting back on our trains,
207
533043
2729
08:56
another main concern I have about this noise that escalates
208
536640
2833
08:59
from our online responses to injustice
209
539497
1876
09:01
is that it can very easily slip into portraying us as the affected party,
210
541397
3475
09:04
which can lead to a sense of defeatism,
211
544896
2020
09:06
a kind of mental barrier to seeing any opportunity for positivity or change
212
546940
3719
09:10
after a negative situation.
213
550683
1575
09:13
A couple of months before the campaign started
214
553092
2235
09:15
or any of this happened to me,
215
555351
1441
09:16
I went to a TEDx event in Oxford,
216
556816
1746
09:18
and I saw Zelda la Grange speak,
217
558586
1935
09:20
the former private secretary to Nelson Mandela.
218
560545
2261
09:22
One of the stories she told really struck me.
219
562830
2145
09:25
She spoke of when Mandela was taken to court
220
565755
2069
09:27
by the South African Rugby Union
221
567848
1590
09:29
after he commissioned an inquiry into sports affairs.
222
569462
2551
09:32
In the courtroom,
223
572037
1151
09:33
he went up to the South African Rugby Union's lawyers,
224
573212
2991
09:36
shook them by the hand
225
576227
1160
09:37
and conversed with them, each in their own language.
226
577411
2443
09:39
And Zelda wanted to protest,
227
579878
1340
09:41
saying they had no right to his respect
228
581242
1907
09:43
after this injustice they had caused him.
229
583173
2275
09:45
He turned to her and said,
230
585837
1712
09:48
"You must never allow the enemy to determine the grounds for battle."
231
588324
4129
09:53
At the time of hearing these words,
232
593900
1710
09:55
I didn't really know why they were so important,
233
595634
2268
09:57
but I felt they were, and I wrote them down in a notebook I had on me.
234
597926
3361
10:01
But I've thought about this line a lot ever since.
235
601311
2497
10:04
Revenge, or the expression of hatred
236
604198
2517
10:06
towards those who have done us injustice
237
606739
1936
10:08
may feel like a human instinct in the face of wrong,
238
608699
3014
10:11
but we need to break out of these cycles
239
611737
1914
10:13
if we are to hope to transform negative events of injustice
240
613675
3108
10:16
into positive social change.
241
616807
1703
10:18
To do otherwise
242
618906
1173
10:20
continues to let the enemy determine the grounds for battle,
243
620103
3279
10:23
creates a binary,
244
623406
1186
10:24
where we who have suffered become the affected,
245
624616
2504
10:27
pitted against them, the perpetrators.
246
627144
2380
10:30
And just like we got back on our tubes,
247
630143
1870
10:32
we can't let our platforms for interconnectivity and community
248
632037
3036
10:35
be the places that we settle for defeat.
249
635097
2072
10:39
But I don't want to discourage a social media response,
250
639072
3516
10:42
because I owe the development of the #NotGuilty campaign
251
642612
2667
10:45
almost entirely to social media.
252
645303
1544
10:46
But I do want to encourage a more considered approach
253
646871
2525
10:49
to the way we use it to respond to injustice.
254
649420
2123
10:51
The start, I think, is to ask ourselves two things.
255
651567
2451
10:54
Firstly: Why do I feel this injustice?
256
654042
2532
10:56
In my case, there were several answers to this.
257
656598
2306
10:58
Someone had hurt me and those who I loved,
258
658928
2233
11:01
under the assumption they wouldn't have to be held to account
259
661185
2900
11:04
or recognize the damage they had caused.
260
664109
1913
11:06
Not only that, but thousands of men and women suffer every day
261
666046
2908
11:08
from sexual abuse, often in silence,
262
668978
1718
11:10
yet it's still a problem we don't give the same airtime to as other issues.
263
670720
3552
11:14
It's still an issue many people blame victims for.
264
674296
2520
11:16
Next, ask yourself: How, in recognizing these reasons,
265
676840
3282
11:20
could I go about reversing them?
266
680146
1676
11:22
With us, this was holding my attacker to account -- and many others.
267
682183
3588
11:25
It was calling them out on the effect they had caused.
268
685795
2606
11:28
It was giving airtime to the issue of sexual assault,
269
688425
2734
11:31
opening up discussions amongst friends, amongst families, in the media
270
691183
3361
11:34
that had been closed for too long,
271
694568
1641
11:36
and stressing that victims shouldn't feel to blame
272
696233
2357
11:38
for what happened to them.
273
698614
1271
11:39
We might still have a long way to go in solving this problem entirely.
274
699909
3318
11:43
But in this way,
275
703251
1151
11:44
we can begin to use social media as an active tool for social justice,
276
704426
3311
11:47
as a tool to educate, to stimulate dialogues,
277
707761
2098
11:49
to make those in positions of authority aware of an issue
278
709883
2685
11:52
by listening to those directly affected by it.
279
712592
2521
11:56
Because sometimes these questions don't have easy answers.
280
716112
4470
12:00
In fact, they rarely do.
281
720606
1666
12:02
But this doesn't mean we still can't give them a considered response.
282
722715
3264
12:06
In situations where you can't go about thinking
283
726370
2204
12:08
how you'd reverse this feeling of injustice,
284
728598
2095
12:10
you can still think, maybe not what you can do,
285
730717
2654
12:13
but what you can not do.
286
733395
1549
12:15
You can not build further walls by fighting injustice with more prejudice,
287
735681
3692
12:19
more hatred.
288
739397
1162
12:20
You can not speak over those directly affected by an injustice.
289
740894
3842
12:25
And you can not react to injustice, only to forget about it the next day,
290
745121
3979
12:29
just because the rest of Twitter has moved on.
291
749124
2308
12:32
Sometimes not reacting instantly is, ironically,
292
752078
4187
12:36
the best immediate course of action we can take.
293
756289
2394
12:39
Because we might be angry, upset and energized by injustice,
294
759919
3810
12:44
but let's consider our responses.
295
764219
2303
12:47
Let us hold people to account, without descending into a culture
296
767413
3236
12:50
that thrives off shaming and injustice ourselves.
297
770673
2786
12:54
Let us remember that distinction,
298
774345
1647
12:56
so often forgotten by internet users,
299
776016
2198
12:58
between criticism and insult.
300
778238
2440
13:01
Let us not forget to think before we speak,
301
781330
2016
13:03
just because we might have a screen in front of us.
302
783370
2417
13:05
And when we create noise on social media,
303
785811
1971
13:07
let it not drown out the needs of those affected,
304
787806
2318
13:10
but instead let it amplify their voices,
305
790148
2441
13:12
so the internet becomes a place where you're not the exception
306
792613
2942
13:15
if you speak out about something that has actually happened to you.
307
795579
3168
13:18
All these considered approaches to injustice
308
798771
2053
13:20
evoke the very keystones on which the internet was built:
309
800848
2696
13:24
to network, to have signal, to connect --
310
804317
2255
13:26
all these terms that imply bringing people together,
311
806596
2492
13:29
not pushing people apart.
312
809112
1223
13:31
Because if you look up the word "justice" in the dictionary,
313
811443
3722
13:35
before punishment,
314
815977
1266
13:37
before administration of law or judicial authority,
315
817267
3276
13:41
you get:
316
821529
1246
13:42
"The maintenance of what is right."
317
822799
2112
13:45
And I think there are few things more "right" in this world
318
825794
3766
13:49
than bringing people together,
319
829584
1736
13:51
than unions.
320
831344
1302
13:53
And if we allow social media to deliver that,
321
833395
2497
13:55
then it can deliver a very powerful form of justice, indeed.
322
835916
3938
14:00
Thank you very much.
323
840477
1229
14:01
(Applause)
324
841730
6885
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7