Heather Barnett: What humans can learn from semi-intelligent slime

520,359 views ใƒป 2014-07-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Boaz Hovav ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
I'd like to introduce you to an organism:
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™:
00:15
a slime mold, Physarum polycephalum.
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ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ืจื™ืจื™ืช, ืคื™ืกืจื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืกืคืœื•ื.
00:19
It's a mold with an identity crisis, because it's not a mold,
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืฉ,
00:22
so let's get that straight to start with.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืžื™ื“.
00:23
It is one of 700 known slime molds
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ื–ื• ืื—ืช ืžืชื•ืš 700 ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช
00:26
belonging to the kingdom of the amoeba.
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ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืืžื‘ื•ืช.
00:28
It is a single-celled organism, a cell,
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ื–ื”ื• ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื“-ืชืื™,
ืชื ื‘ื•ื“ื“
00:31
that joins together with other cells
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืชืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
00:33
to form a mass super-cell
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ "ืกื•ืคืจ-ืชื" ืขื ืง
00:35
to maximize its resources.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืจืฉื•ืชื•.
00:37
So within a slime mold you might find thousands
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ืจื™ืจื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ืืœืคื™
00:40
or millions of nuclei,
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ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืชื,
00:42
all sharing a cell wall,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืชื,
00:44
all operating as one entity.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืช.
00:47
In its natural habitat,
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื”,
00:48
you might find the slime mold foraging in woodlands,
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ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืจื™ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช,
00:51
eating rotting vegetation,
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ืžื—ืคืฉืช ื•ืื•ื›ืœืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ื ืจืงื‘ืช,
00:55
but you might equally find it
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ืืš ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื
00:56
in research laboratories,
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ,
00:58
classrooms, and even artists' studios.
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ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืœืืžื ื•ืช.
01:02
I first came across the slime mold about five years ago.
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ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
01:05
A microbiologist friend of mine
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ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™, ืžื™ืงืจื•-ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’,
01:07
gave me a petri dish with a little yellow blob in it
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ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืฆืœื—ืช ืคื˜ืจื™ ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื‘ื•ืขื” ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื” ืงื˜ื ื”
01:10
and told me to go home and play with it.
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ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื”.
01:13
The only instructions I was given,
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ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืŸ
01:15
that it likes it dark and damp
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ืœื—ื•ืช
01:17
and its favorite food is porridge oats.
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ื•ื“ื™ื™ืกืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ.
01:21
I'm an artist who's worked for many years
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ืื ื™ ืืžื ื™ืช ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื
01:23
with biology, with scientific processes,
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ืขื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื,
01:26
so living material is not uncommon for me.
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ื›ืš ืฉื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœื™.
01:29
I've worked with plants, bacteria,
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขื ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื,
01:31
cuttlefish, fruit flies.
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ื“ื™ื•ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
01:32
So I was keen to get my new collaborator home
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ืื– ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืœืืจื— ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื™
01:35
to see what it could do.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
01:36
So I took it home and I watched.
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ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”.
01:40
I fed it a varied diet.
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ื”ืื›ืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ.
01:42
I observed as it networked.
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ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ืชื™ ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื” ืจืฉืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
01:44
It formed a connection between food sources.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื” ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
01:47
I watched it leave a trail behind it,
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื”,
01:49
indicating where it had been.
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ืฉืžืจืื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”.
01:51
And I noticed that when it was fed up with one petri dish,
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ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืืกื” ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ืคื˜ืจื™ ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช
01:54
it would escape and find a better home.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื” ื•ืžืฆืื” ื‘ื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:57
I captured my observations
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ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”
01:59
through time-lapse photography.
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ื“ืจืš ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืงื™ื˜ื•ืขื™ ื–ืžืŸ.
02:01
Slime mold grows at about one centimeter an hour,
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ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ืจื™ืจื™ืช ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืก"ืž ืื—ื“ ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”,
02:03
so it's not really ideal for live viewing
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ืœืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื—ื™ื”
02:06
unless there's some form of really extreme meditation,
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ืืœื ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช,
02:09
but through the time lapse,
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ืืš ื“ืจืš ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืงื™ื˜ื•ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
02:11
I could observe some really interesting behaviors.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
02:14
For instance, having fed on a nice pile of oats,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื–ื•ื ื” ืžืžื ื” ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ,
02:18
the slime mold goes off to explore new territories
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ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
02:22
in different directions simultaneously.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ.
02:25
When it meets itself,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”,
02:27
it knows it's already there,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื,
02:29
it recognizes it's there,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”,
02:31
and instead retreats back
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื ืกื•ื’ื” ืœืื—ื•ืจ
02:33
and grows in other directions.
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ื•ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:36
I was quite impressed by this feat,
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ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืชืจืฉืžืชื™ ืžื”ื”ื™ืฉื’,
02:39
at how what was essentially just a bag of cellular slime
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ืจื™ืจ
02:42
could somehow map its territory,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื•,
02:45
know itself, and move with seeming intention.
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ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ.
02:49
I found countless scientific studies,
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื,
02:53
research papers, journal articles,
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ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื™ื,
02:55
all citing incredible work with this one organism,
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ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
02:59
and I'm going to share a few of those with you.
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ืื ื™ ืืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช.
03:01
For example, a team in Hokkaido University in Japan
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ื•ืงืื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืคืŸ
03:04
filled a maze with slime mold.
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ืžื™ืœืื” ืžื‘ื•ืš ื‘ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ืช.
03:06
It joined together and formed a mass cell.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืชื ืขื ืง.
03:08
They introduced food at two points,
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ื”ื ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืœื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช,
03:10
oats of course,
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ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
03:11
and it formed a connection
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื” ืงืฉืจ
03:13
between the food.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช.
03:15
It retracted from empty areas and dead ends.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืกื•ื’ื” ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื—ืกื•ืžื™ื.
03:17
There are four possible routes through this maze,
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ื™ืฉื ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœืฆืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืš,
03:20
yet time and time again,
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ืืš ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื,
03:22
the slime mold established the shortest
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ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืงืฆืจ
03:24
and the most efficient route.
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ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:27
Quite clever.
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ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื”.
03:28
The conclusion from their experiment
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ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ื•
03:30
was that the slime mold had a primitive form of intelligence.
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ืฉืœืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”.
03:33
Another study exposed cold air at regular intervals to the slime mold.
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
03:36
It didn't like it. It doesn't like it cold.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืงื•ืจ.
03:39
It doesn't like it dry.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ.
03:40
They did this at repeat intervals,
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื,
03:42
and each time, the slime mold
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ื•ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื”
03:44
slowed down its growth in response.
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ื”ืื˜ื” ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
03:47
However, at the next interval,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื,
03:49
the researchers didn't put the cold air on,
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ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืงืจ,
03:52
yet the slime mold slowed down in anticipation
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ืืš ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืื˜ื”
ื‘ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื›ืŸ ื™ืงืจื”.
03:55
of it happening.
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03:56
It somehow knew that it was about the time
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื ื™ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ
03:59
for the cold air that it didn't like.
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ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืงืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช.
04:01
The conclusion from their experiment
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ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ื•
04:02
was that the slime mold was able to learn.
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ืฉืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืœืžื•ื“.
04:06
A third experiment:
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ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™:
04:07
the slime mold was invited
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ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื— ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ.
04:09
to explore a territory covered in oats.
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04:13
It fans out in a branching pattern.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ืช-ืขื ืคื™ื,
04:16
As it goes, each food node it finds,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืžืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืืช,
04:18
it forms a network, a connection to,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืจืฉืช, ืงืฉืจื™ื,
04:21
and keeps foraging.
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ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜.
04:23
After 26 hours, it established
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ืื—ืจื™ 26 ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆืจื”
04:25
quite a firm network
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ืจืฉืช ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”
04:27
between the different oats.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื’ืจื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
04:29
Now there's nothing remarkable in this
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ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืจืฉื™ื,
04:31
until you learn that the center oat that it started from
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ืขื“ ืฉืืชื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช
04:33
represents the city of Tokyo,
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ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•
04:35
and the surrounding oats are suburban railway stations.
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ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื•ืช.
04:39
The slime mold had replicated
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ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ืฉื™ืขืชืงื”
04:42
the Tokyo transport network
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ืืช ืจืฉืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืงื™ื•.
04:44
โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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-- (ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
04:46
a complex system developed over time
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ
04:49
by community dwellings, civil engineering, urban planning.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื™ืœืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื.
04:53
What had taken us well over 100 years
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ืžื” ืฉืœืงื— ืœื ื• ืžืขืœ 100 ืฉื ื”
04:55
took the slime mold just over a day.
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ืœืงื— ืœืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื•ื.
04:58
The conclusion from their experiment
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ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื™ื•
05:00
was that the slime mold can form efficient networks
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ืฉื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
05:02
and solve the traveling salesman problem.
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ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกืข.
05:05
It is a biological computer.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืงื“ืช ื›ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
05:07
As such, it has been mathematically modeled,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืชื”,
05:10
algorithmically analyzed.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื.
05:11
It's been sonified, replicated, simulated.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืกืื•ื ื“, ืฉื•ื›ืคืœื”, ื•ื—ื•ืงืชื”.
05:14
World over, teams of researchers
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื
05:17
are decoding its biological principles
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ืžืคืขื ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”
05:20
to understand its computational rules
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ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”
05:22
and applying that learning to the fields of electronics,
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ื•ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื”,
05:24
programming and robotics.
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ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
05:27
So the question is,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื,
05:29
how does this thing work?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช?
05:31
It doesn't have a central nervous system.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช.
05:33
It doesn't have a brain,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžื•ื—,
05:35
yet it can perform behaviors
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช
05:36
that we associate with brain function.
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ืื•ืชืŸ ืื ื• ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช.
05:38
It can learn, it can remember,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ,
05:40
it can solve problems, it can make decisions.
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ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
05:43
So where does that intelligence lie?
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ืื– ืื™ืคื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช?
05:46
So this is a microscopy, a video I shot,
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™, ืกืจื˜ ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™,
05:48
and it's about 100 times magnification,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ 100
05:51
sped up about 20 times,
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ืžื•ืืฅ ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ 20
05:54
and inside the slime mold,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ,
05:56
there is a rhythmic pulsing flow,
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ื™ืฉ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืคื•ืขืžืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘,
05:59
a vein-like structure carrying
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ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ืžื•ื™ ื•ืจื™ื“ ืฉื ื•ืฉื
06:01
cellular material, nutrients and chemical information
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ื—ื•ืžืจ ืชืื™, ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ืžื™
06:05
through the cell,
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื
06:07
streaming first in one direction and then back in another.
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ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืจื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื•ืื– ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™.
06:10
And it is this continuous, synchronous oscillation
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชื ื•ื“ื” ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ืช
06:14
within the cell that allows it to form
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื•
06:17
quite a complex understanding of its environment,
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ืœืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
06:20
but without any large-scale control center.
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ืœืœื ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืงืจื” ืขื™ืงืจื™.
06:23
This is where its intelligence lies.
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ื›ืืŸ ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”.
06:25
So it's not just academic researchers
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ืœื ืจืง ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช
06:29
in universities that are interested in this organism.
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ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
06:31
A few years ago, I set up SliMoCo,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืงืžืชื™ ืืช "ืกืœื™ื™ืžื•ืงื•",
06:34
the Slime Mould Collective.
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ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช.
06:37
It's an online, open, democratic network
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ืจืฉืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช, ืคืชื•ื—ื”, ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช
06:40
for slime mold researchers and enthusiasts
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ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื”
06:42
to share knowledge and experimentation
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื™ื“ืข ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื
06:45
across disciplinary divides
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื•ืช
06:48
and across academic divides.
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ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช.
06:51
The Slime Mould Collective membership is self-selecting.
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ื”ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ืกืœื™ื™ืžื•ืงื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช.
06:55
People have found the collective
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื
06:58
as the slime mold finds the oats.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืขืœ.
07:01
And it comprises of scientists
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžื“ืขื ื™ื
07:03
and computer scientists and researchers
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ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื
07:04
but also artists like me,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืžื ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
07:07
architects, designers, writers, activists, you name it.
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ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื, ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ืชืจืฆื•.
07:12
It's a very interesting, eclectic membership.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื•ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช.
07:16
Just a few examples:
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ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:
07:17
an artist who paints with fluorescent Physarum;
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ืืžืŸ ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืขื ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ืคื™ืกืจื•ื ื–ื•ื”ืจืช:
07:20
a collaborative team
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช
07:22
who are combining biological and electronic design
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ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™
07:26
with 3D printing technologies in a workshop;
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ืขื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืคืกื” ื‘ืชืœืช ืžืžื“ ื‘ืกื“ื ื”;
07:29
another artist who is using the slime mold
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ืืžืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ืช
07:31
as a way of engaging a community
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
07:33
to map their area.
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ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
07:36
Here, the slime mold is being used directly
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ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช
07:38
as a biological tool, but metaphorically
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ื›ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื™
07:41
as a symbol for ways of talking
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ื›ืกืžืœ ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื—ื—
07:43
about social cohesion, communication
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ืขืœ ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
07:47
and cooperation.
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ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
07:49
Other public engagement activities,
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ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
07:51
I run lots of slime mold workshops,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ืช,
07:53
a creative way of engaging with the organism.
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ื“ืจืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื.
07:56
So people are invited to come and learn
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“
07:58
about what amazing things it can do,
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
08:00
and they design their own petri dish experiment,
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ื•ื”ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืคื˜ืจื™,
08:02
an environment for the slime mold to navigate
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื•ื•ื˜
08:04
so they can test its properties.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”.
08:06
Everybody takes home a new pet
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื•ืงื— ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” 'ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืžื“' ื—ื“ืฉื”
08:09
and is invited to post their results
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ื•ื”ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช
08:12
on the Slime Mould Collective.
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ.
08:14
And the collective has enabled me
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืœื™
08:15
to form collaborations
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”
08:18
with a whole array of interesting people.
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ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
08:20
I've been working with filmmakers
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ื
08:22
on a feature-length slime mold documentary,
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ืขืœ ืกืจื˜ ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืžืœื.
08:25
and I stress feature-length,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืžืœื
08:28
which is in the final stages of edit
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
08:30
and will be hitting your cinema screens very soon.
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ื•ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
08:33
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:34
It's also enabled me to conduct what I think is
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ื”ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ื’ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™
08:38
the world's first human slime mold experiment.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:40
This is part of an exhibition in Rotterdam last year.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžื™ืฆื’ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืจื“ื ืžื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
08:43
We invited people to become slime mold for half an hour.
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ื”ื–ืžื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”.
08:48
So we essentially tied people together
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืฉืจื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“
08:51
so they were a giant cell,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืชื ืขื ืง,
08:54
and invited them to follow slime mold rules.
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ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื”.
08:57
You have to communicate through oscillations,
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ืฆืžืชื™ื,
09:00
no speaking.
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
09:01
You have to operate as one entity, one mass cell,
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืช, ืชื ืขื ืง ืื—ื“,
09:06
no egos,
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ืœืœื ืื’ื•,
09:08
and the motivation for moving
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœื–ื•ื–
09:10
and then exploring the environment
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ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
09:12
is in search of food.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
09:14
So a chaotic shuffle ensued as this bunch of strangers
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืฉื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืืงืจืื™ ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš, ื›ืฉื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ื
09:18
tied together with yellow ropes wearing "Being Slime Mold" t-shirts
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ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืกืžืœ ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื”
09:22
wandered through the museum park.
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ื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืืจืง ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ.
09:25
When they met trees, they had to reshape
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืขืฆื™ื, ื”ื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
09:28
their connections and reform as a mass cell
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ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื ืขื ืง
09:31
through not speaking.
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ืœืœื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
09:35
This is a ludicrous experiment in many, many ways.
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช.
09:39
This isn't hypothesis-driven.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืขืจื”.
09:41
We're not trying to prove, demonstrate anything.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืื• ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:43
But what it did provide us was a way
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ืืš ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš
09:45
of engaging a broad section of the public
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ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื—ื‘
09:47
with ideas of intelligence, agency, autonomy,
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”, ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’, ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”,
09:52
and provide a playful platform
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืžืฉื—ืง
09:54
for discussions about
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ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช
09:58
the things that ensued.
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
10:00
One of the most exciting things
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื
10:03
about this experiment
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
10:06
was the conversation that happened afterwards.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื•.
10:08
An entirely spontaneous symposium happened in the park.
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ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืคืืจืง.
10:12
People talked about the human psychology,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
10:14
of how difficult it was to let go
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ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ
10:15
of their individual personalities and egos.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื’ื•.
10:19
Other people talked about bacterial communication.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื.
10:22
Each person brought in their own
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ
10:24
individual interpretation,
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ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื•,
10:27
and our conclusion from this experiment was that
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ื•ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
10:28
the people of Rotterdam were highly cooperative,
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจื•ื˜ืจื“ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
10:32
especially when given beer.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ืจื”.
10:35
We didn't just give them oats.
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ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ.
10:37
We gave them beer as well.
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ื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืจื”.
10:39
But they weren't as efficient as the slime mold,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ืช,
10:41
and the slime mold, for me,
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ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืจื™ืช, ืขื‘ื•ืจื™,
10:43
is a fascinating subject matter.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืจืชืง.
10:45
It's biologically fascinating,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจืชืงืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
10:47
it's computationally interesting,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืจืชืงืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช,
10:49
but it's also a symbol,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ืกืžืœ,
10:51
a way of engaging with ideas of community,
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ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
10:54
collective behavior, cooperation.
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ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
10:58
A lot of my work draws on the scientific research,
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ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืžื“ืข,
11:00
so this pays homage to the maze experiment
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืš
11:03
but in a different way.
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ืื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื•ื ื”.
11:05
And the slime mold is also my working material.
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ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™.
11:07
It's a coproducer of photographs, prints, animations,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื”ืคืงื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื, ื”ื“ืคืก, ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื”,
11:13
participatory events.
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ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืงื”ืœ.
11:14
Whilst the slime mold doesn't choose
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช
11:16
to work with me, exactly,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืชื™, ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง,
11:18
it is a collaboration of sorts.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
11:21
I can predict certain behaviors
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช
11:23
by understanding how it operates,
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ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”,
11:25
but I can't control it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”.
11:27
The slime mold has the final say
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
11:28
in the creative process.
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”.
11:31
And after all, it has its own internal aesthetics.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืฉืœื”.
11:34
These branching patterns that we see
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ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ืžื•ื™ ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื”
11:36
we see across all forms, scales of nature,
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ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข,
11:38
from river deltas to lightning strikes,
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ืžืืคื™ืงื™ ื ื”ืจ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืจืงื™ื,
11:41
from our own blood vessels to neural networks.
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ืžื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืขื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื.
11:45
There's clearly significant rules at play
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
11:48
in this simple yet complex organism,
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ืœืคื™ื”ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื”ื–ื”,
11:50
and no matter what our disciplinary perspective or our mode of inquiry,
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ,
11:54
there's a great deal that we can learn
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“
11:56
from observing and engaging
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ืžืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืฉื—ืง
11:57
with this beautiful, brainless blob.
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ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื”, ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื–ื”.
12:00
I give you Physarum polycephalum.
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ืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืช ืคื™ืกืจื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืฆืคืœื•ื.
12:04
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
12:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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