Heather Barnett: What humans can learn from semi-intelligent slime

519,175 views ใƒป 2014-07-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gayoung Go
00:12
I'd like to introduce you to an organism:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
a slime mold, Physarum polycephalum.
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰๋ง์‚ฌ์ ๊ท ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
It's a mold with an identity crisis, because it's not a mold,
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด์ฃ . ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:22
so let's get that straight to start with.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
It is one of 700 known slime molds
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ” ์™•๊ตญ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š”
00:26
belonging to the kingdom of the amoeba.
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700๊ฐœ์˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
It is a single-celled organism, a cell,
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๋‹จ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋กœ์„œ
00:31
that joins together with other cells
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ
00:33
to form a mass super-cell
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์„ธํฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
00:35
to maximize its resources.
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์ž์›์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
So within a slime mold you might find thousands
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์ด ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š”
00:40
or millions of nuclei,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธํฌํ•ต์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:42
all sharing a cell wall,
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์ด ์„ธํฌ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
00:44
all operating as one entity.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
In its natural habitat,
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์„œ์‹์ง€์—๋Š”
00:48
you might find the slime mold foraging in woodlands,
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์‚ผ๋ฆผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:51
eating rotting vegetation,
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์ฉ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
but you might equally find it
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
00:56
in research laboratories,
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:58
classrooms, and even artists' studios.
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ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ธ์˜ ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์—๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
I first came across the slime mold about five years ago.
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์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ 5๋…„ ์ „์— ์ด ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
A microbiologist friend of mine
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์ธ ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
01:07
gave me a petri dish with a little yellow blob in it
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ญ‰์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋“  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ ‘์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ
01:10
and told me to go home and play with it.
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€์•„๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:13
The only instructions I was given,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š”
01:15
that it likes it dark and damp
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์Šตํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ข‹ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:17
and its favorite food is porridge oats.
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์ž˜ ๋จน๋Š” ๋จน์ด๋Š” ๊ท€๋ฆฌ์ฃฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
I'm an artist who's worked for many years
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ
01:23
with biology, with scientific processes,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด ์˜จ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
so living material is not uncommon for me.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„์š”.
01:29
I've worked with plants, bacteria,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„,
01:31
cuttlefish, fruit flies.
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๊ฐ‘์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋‚˜ ์ดˆํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
So I was keen to get my new collaborator home
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:35
to see what it could do.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
So I took it home and I watched.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
I fed it a varied diet.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
01:42
I observed as it networked.
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์ด๋“ค์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
It formed a connection between food sources.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋จน์ด ์ž์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
I watched it leave a trail behind it,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:49
indicating where it had been.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:51
And I noticed that when it was fed up with one petri dish,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ ‘์‹œ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฉด
01:54
it would escape and find a better home.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
I captured my observations
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์ €๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
01:59
through time-lapse photography.
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์ €์† ์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์ƒ์— ๋‹ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
Slime mold grows at about one centimeter an hour,
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์•ฝ 1์„ผํ‹ฐ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์”ฉ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:03
so it's not really ideal for live viewing
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์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
unless there's some form of really extreme meditation,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ์‹œ์•ฝ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:09
but through the time lapse,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์† ์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:11
I could observe some really interesting behaviors.
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
For instance, having fed on a nice pile of oats,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ท€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฉด
02:18
the slime mold goes off to explore new territories
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์—ญ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋„“ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
in different directions simultaneously.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ์›€์ง์˜€์ง€์š”.
02:25
When it meets itself,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ถ€์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด
02:27
it knows it's already there,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
02:29
it recognizes it's there,
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์•Œ์•„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:31
and instead retreats back
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๋’ค๋กœ ํ›„ํ‡ดํ•˜์—ฌ
02:33
and grows in other directions.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
I was quite impressed by this feat,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†œ์”จ์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
at how what was essentially just a bag of cellular slime
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ญ‰์น˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€
02:42
could somehow map its territory,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
02:45
know itself, and move with seeming intention.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๊ฒฌ์ƒ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
02:49
I found countless scientific studies,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์€
02:53
research papers, journal articles,
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์…€ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€
02:55
all citing incredible work with this one organism,
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๋…ผ๋ฌธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:59
and I'm going to share a few of those with you.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
For example, a team in Hokkaido University in Japan
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ผ๋ณธ ํ™‹์นด์ด๋„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํŒ€์€
03:04
filled a maze with slime mold.
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๋ฏธ๋กœ์— ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
It joined together and formed a mass cell.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์ด๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
They introduced food at two points,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:10
oats of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ท€๋ฆฌ์˜€์–ด์š”.
03:11
and it formed a connection
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์ด์—
03:13
between the food.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
It retracted from empty areas and dead ends.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์–ด ์น˜์šด ๊ณณ๊ณผ ๋์ด ๋ง‰ํžŒ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
There are four possible routes through this maze,
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์ด ๋ฏธ๋กœ์—๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:20
yet time and time again,
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๋งค๋ฒˆ
03:22
the slime mold established the shortest
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งง๊ณ 
03:24
and the most efficient route.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Quite clever.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ฃ .
03:28
The conclusion from their experiment
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์ด๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€
03:30
was that the slime mold had a primitive form of intelligence.
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์›์‹œ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Another study exposed cold air at regular intervals to the slime mold.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฌ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:36
It didn't like it. It doesn't like it cold.
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์ฐฌ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
It doesn't like it dry.
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๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:40
They did this at repeat intervals,
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์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ž
03:42
and each time, the slime mold
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋งค๋ฒˆ
03:44
slowed down its growth in response.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋Šฆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
However, at the next interval,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ
03:49
the researchers didn't put the cold air on,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์ฐฌ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
03:52
yet the slime mold slowed down in anticipation
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:55
of it happening.
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์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋Šฆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
It somehow knew that it was about the time
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฐฌ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
03:59
for the cold air that it didn't like.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
The conclusion from their experiment
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
04:02
was that the slime mold was able to learn.
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:06
A third experiment:
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
the slime mold was invited
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ท€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ
04:09
to explore a territory covered in oats.
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์˜์—ญ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
It fans out in a branching pattern.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
As it goes, each food node it finds,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ์ง€์ ์—
04:18
it forms a network, a connection to,
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:21
and keeps foraging.
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ํฌํš์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
After 26 hours, it established
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26์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜, ์ด๋“ค์€
04:25
quite a firm network
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ท€๋ฆฌ ๋ญ‰์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
04:27
between the different oats.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Now there's nothing remarkable in this
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ค‘์•™์˜ ๊ท€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
04:31
until you learn that the center oat that it started from
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๋™๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆด ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
04:33
represents the city of Tokyo,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•  ๊ฒŒ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:35
and the surrounding oats are suburban railway stations.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๋ถ€ ๊ท€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์™ธ์˜ ์ฒ ๋„์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆด ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”์š”.
04:39
The slime mold had replicated
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋™๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ตํ†ต ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ
04:42
the Tokyo transport network
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๋ณต์ œํ•ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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--(์›ƒ์Œ)--
04:46
a complex system developed over time
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
04:49
by community dwellings, civil engineering, urban planning.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„, ํ† ๋ชฉ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ค„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:53
What had taken us well over 100 years
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 100๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์„
04:55
took the slime mold just over a day.
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ •๋„ ๋งŒ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
The conclusion from their experiment
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
05:00
was that the slime mold can form efficient networks
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋„คํฌ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:02
and solve the traveling salesman problem.
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์™ธํŒ์› ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
It is a biological computer.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:07
As such, it has been mathematically modeled,
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์—„๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
05:10
algorithmically analyzed.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
It's been sonified, replicated, simulated.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ์กฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
World over, teams of researchers
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€๋“ค์ด
05:17
are decoding its biological principles
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:20
to understand its computational rules
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:22
and applying that learning to the fields of electronics,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์ž ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ
05:24
programming and robotics.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋กœ๋ณดํŠธํ•™์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
So the question is,
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์ด์ œ ์˜๋ฌธ์€
05:29
how does this thing work?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
It doesn't have a central nervous system.
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
It doesn't have a brain,
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๋‘๋‡Œ๋„ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
05:35
yet it can perform behaviors
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณผ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
05:36
that we associate with brain function.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
It can learn, it can remember,
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ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:40
it can solve problems, it can make decisions.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
So where does that intelligence lie?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:46
So this is a microscopy, a video I shot,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
and it's about 100 times magnification,
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100๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:51
sped up about 20 times,
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20๋ฐฐ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
and inside the slime mold,
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š”
05:56
there is a rhythmic pulsing flow,
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์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํŽ„์Šค์˜ ํ๋ฆ„,
05:59
a vein-like structure carrying
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์ฆ‰, ์ •๋งฅ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:01
cellular material, nutrients and chemical information
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์„ธํฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
06:05
through the cell,
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์„ธํฌ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
streaming first in one direction and then back in another.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ฃ .
06:10
And it is this continuous, synchronous oscillation
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์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ด๊ณ 
06:14
within the cell that allows it to form
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๋™์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ง„๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:17
quite a complex understanding of its environment,
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
but without any large-scale control center.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ†ต์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
This is where its intelligence lies.
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์ด๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
So it's not just academic researchers
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:29
in universities that are interested in this organism.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
A few years ago, I set up SliMoCo,
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๋ช‡ ํ•ด ์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์ฝ”(SliMoCo)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:34
the Slime Mould Collective.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
It's an online, open, democratic network
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ธ๋ฐ
06:40
for slime mold researchers and enthusiasts
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์™€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:42
to share knowledge and experimentation
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๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์— ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:45
across disciplinary divides
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์ „ ํ•™์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
06:48
and across academic divides.
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์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
The Slime Mould Collective membership is self-selecting.
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ํšŒ์›์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
People have found the collective
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ท€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋“ฏ
06:58
as the slime mold finds the oats.
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์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
And it comprises of scientists
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์ด ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž,
07:03
and computer scientists and researchers
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์ „์‚ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:04
but also artists like me,
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์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:07
architects, designers, writers, activists, you name it.
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€, ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ, ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
It's a very interesting, eclectic membership.
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์ด ๋ชจ์ž„์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:16
Just a few examples:
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฉด,
07:17
an artist who paints with fluorescent Physarum;
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์•ผ๊ด‘ ์ ๊ท ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:20
a collaborative team
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๊ณต๋™ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ€์ด
07:22
who are combining biological and electronic design
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์ž์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ์„
07:26
with 3D printing technologies in a workshop;
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3์ฐจ์› ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์œตํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
another artist who is using the slime mold
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:31
as a way of engaging a community
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜
07:33
to map their area.
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์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Here, the slime mold is being used directly
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ
07:38
as a biological tool, but metaphorically
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:41
as a symbol for ways of talking
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™”ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”
07:43
about social cohesion, communication
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์€์œ ์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ
07:47
and cooperation.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
Other public engagement activities,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ณต์  ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ
07:51
I run lots of slime mold workshops,
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์ €๋Š” ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์›Œํฌ์ƒต์„ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
a creative way of engaging with the organism.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์— ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:56
So people are invited to come and learn
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ์ฒญ๋˜์–ด
07:58
about what amazing things it can do,
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
and they design their own petri dish experiment,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ ‘์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:02
an environment for the slime mold to navigate
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
08:04
so they can test its properties.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Everybody takes home a new pet
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์• ์™„ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
08:09
and is invited to post their results
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๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—
08:12
on the Slime Mould Collective.
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์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
And the collective has enabled me
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์ด ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋Š”
08:15
to form collaborations
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
08:18
with a whole array of interesting people.
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
I've been working with filmmakers
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์ €๋Š” ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฅํŽธ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
08:22
on a feature-length slime mold documentary,
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์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ž์™€ ์ผํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
and I stress feature-length,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์žฅํŽธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”.
08:28
which is in the final stages of edit
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํŽธ์ง‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:30
and will be hitting your cinema screens very soon.
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๊ณง ์ƒ์˜๊ด€์— ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:34
It's also enabled me to conduct what I think is
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์ด ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
08:38
the world's first human slime mold experiment.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
This is part of an exhibition in Rotterdam last year.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋กœํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด์—์„œ ์ „์‹œ๋œ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
We invited people to become slime mold for half an hour.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ดˆ์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
So we essentially tied people together
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ฌถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
so they were a giant cell,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์ธ๋ฐ
08:54
and invited them to follow slime mold rules.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ† ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
You have to communicate through oscillations,
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์ง„๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋˜
09:00
no speaking.
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๋ง์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
You have to operate as one entity, one mass cell,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์ฒด๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
no egos,
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์ž์•„๋Š” ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
and the motivation for moving
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณง
09:10
and then exploring the environment
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์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํƒ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:12
is in search of food.
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๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
So a chaotic shuffle ensued as this bunch of strangers
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์„œ๋กœ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
09:18
tied together with yellow ropes wearing "Being Slime Mold" t-shirts
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"์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์ธ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐง์ค„์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌถ์—ฌ
09:22
wandered through the museum park.
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๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ๊ณต์›์„ ์–ด์Šฌ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
When they met trees, they had to reshape
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€
09:28
their connections and reform as a mass cell
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ์จ
09:31
through not speaking.
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์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
This is a ludicrous experiment in many, many ways.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:39
This isn't hypothesis-driven.
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๊ฐ€์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง„์ฒ™๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
We're not trying to prove, demonstrate anything.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
But what it did provide us was a way
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:45
of engaging a broad section of the public
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ,
09:47
with ideas of intelligence, agency, autonomy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:52
and provide a playful platform
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:54
for discussions about
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๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:58
the things that ensued.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
One of the most exciting things
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ
10:03
about this experiment
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
10:06
was the conversation that happened afterwards.
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์— ์ด์–ด์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜€์–ด์š”.
10:08
An entirely spontaneous symposium happened in the park.
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๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์‹ฌํฌ์ง€์—„์ด ์—ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
People talked about the human psychology,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
10:14
of how difficult it was to let go
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ž์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:15
of their individual personalities and egos.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด์ง€ ํ† ๋กœํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:19
Other people talked about bacterial communication.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Each person brought in their own
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜
10:24
individual interpretation,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:27
and our conclusion from this experiment was that
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
10:28
the people of Rotterdam were highly cooperative,
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๋กœํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ํ˜‘๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
especially when given beer.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๋•Œ๋Š”์š”.
10:35
We didn't just give them oats.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ท€๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
10:37
We gave them beer as well.
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๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:39
But they weren't as efficient as the slime mold,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
and the slime mold, for me,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
10:43
is a fascinating subject matter.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ์—์š”.
10:45
It's biologically fascinating,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„
10:47
it's computationally interesting,
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์ „์‚ฐํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:49
but it's also a symbol,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
a way of engaging with ideas of community,
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํ–‰๋™, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—
10:54
collective behavior, cooperation.
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๋ชฐ๋‘ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:58
A lot of my work draws on the scientific research,
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์ œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
so this pays homage to the maze experiment
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ฒฝ์˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:03
but in a different way.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
And the slime mold is also my working material.
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
It's a coproducer of photographs, prints, animations,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ์—๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—
11:13
participatory events.
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๊ณต๋™ ์ œ์ž‘์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
Whilst the slime mold doesn't choose
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ
11:16
to work with me, exactly,
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์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:18
it is a collaboration of sorts.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ˜‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
I can predict certain behaviors
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ 
11:23
by understanding how it operates,
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
but I can't control it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
11:27
The slime mold has the final say
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์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
11:28
in the creative process.
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์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
And after all, it has its own internal aesthetics.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋ฏธํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
These branching patterns that we see
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€์ง€์น˜๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
11:36
we see across all forms, scales of nature,
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ, ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
from river deltas to lightning strikes,
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๊ฐ•์˜ ์‚ผ๊ฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ,
11:41
from our own blood vessels to neural networks.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊นŒ์ง€์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:45
There's clearly significant rules at play
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด
11:48
in this simple yet complex organism,
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์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
and no matter what our disciplinary perspective or our mode of inquiry,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๋“ , ํ˜น์€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ด๋“ ,
11:54
there's a great deal that we can learn
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ
11:56
from observing and engaging
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
11:57
with this beautiful, brainless blob.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
I give you Physarum polycephalum.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜ ํ™ฉ์ƒ‰๋ง์‚ฌ์ ๊ท ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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