How the gut microbes you're born with affect your lifelong health | Henna-Maria Uusitupa

111,440 views ใƒป 2020-01-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
0
0
7000
ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:13
Now, I know it might be easy to think
1
13500
2434
ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืงืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
00:15
that microbes are bad,
2
15958
1893
ืฉืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืจืขื™ื
00:17
especially for infants,
3
17875
2393
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
00:20
but research has in fact proven the opposite.
4
20292
2833
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื”ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:24
And the truth might be a little bit more complex,
5
24375
3018
ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช,
00:27
but it's actually way more interesting.
6
27417
3125
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืฅ.
00:31
It seems that we need microbes
7
31500
2351
ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
00:33
to be programmed for good health,
8
33875
2125
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
00:37
but not just any microbes,
9
37083
1726
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืกืชื ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
00:38
we need the right combination.
10
38833
2393
ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:41
We succeed best with the little microbial bodies
11
41250
2684
ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
00:43
we have adapted to coexist with during evolution.
12
43958
3750
ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
00:48
And I guess it won't surprise you
13
48875
1643
ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื™ืคืชื™ืข ืืชื›ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
00:50
to learn that we start acquiring that right combination right at birth.
14
50542
4684
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืœื™ื“ื”.
00:55
Well, at least some of us do.
15
55250
2208
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื.
00:58
Babies born by C-section and babies born vaginally
16
58667
3017
ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™ ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืœื™ื“ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”
01:01
aren't the same
17
61708
1268
ืื™ื ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื,
01:03
when it comes to microbial start to life,
18
63000
3143
ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื,
01:06
and after birth there are countless different early life events
19
66167
4392
ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื™ืฉื ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื
01:10
and circumstances
20
70583
1310
ื•ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื™ื
01:11
that further modulate the way the gut microbiota is developing,
21
71917
4142
ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™ ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื,
01:16
such as the medications that might be prescribed for the infant or the mother,
22
76083
5101
ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ืื• ืœืื,
01:21
number of pets and siblings in the family,
23
81208
3143
ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
01:24
as well as level of hygiene at home,
24
84375
1809
ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืจืžืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
01:26
and, in this case, it's actually better
25
86208
1976
ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:28
if it's not that perfectly clean all the time.
26
88208
2875
ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ื ืงื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
01:32
And also nutrition, both mothers and infants.
27
92542
3267
ื•ื’ื ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
01:35
All of these events and circumstances play a huge role
28
95833
4935
ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื’ืœืžื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืขืฆื•ื
01:40
in the gut microbial development
29
100792
2476
ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™
01:43
and that has a huge impact on the lifelong health of that baby.
30
103292
4541
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
01:49
And I'm not talking about small health implications here.
31
109167
3517
ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
01:52
I'm talking about the big stuff.
32
112708
2435
ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
01:55
Microbes we acquire or do not acquire
33
115167
3059
ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืื• ืœื,
01:58
affect our likelihood of developing diseases like obesity, diabetes
34
118250
5018
ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืคืชื— ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ, ืกื•ื›ืจืช
02:03
and even some cancers.
35
123292
1541
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
02:06
Since many of these early life events I just listed
36
126000
3101
ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”
02:09
are such that we cannot affect them,
37
129125
2351
ื”ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื ื•,
02:11
they are inevitable,
38
131500
1434
ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขื™ื,
02:12
for example C-sections have been invented to save lives,
39
132958
3310
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืงื™ืกืจื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืžืฆืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:16
and they do that daily,
40
136292
2059
ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™,
02:18
and most medications are prescribed for a valid reason,
41
138375
3768
ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช,
02:22
especially for infants, and so on.
42
142167
2851
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
02:25
That is why we have to learn
43
145042
3101
ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“
02:28
how to protect the health of these babies
44
148167
2517
ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
02:30
after the occurrence of such early life events
45
150708
3435
ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื›ืืœื”
02:34
that might disrupt their gut microbiota development.
46
154167
2875
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
02:38
I work as a researcher
47
158542
1351
ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื›ื—ื•ืงืจืช
02:39
and as a technical lead of an infant health platform,
48
159917
3351
ื•ืžื ื”ืœืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
02:43
and the question I'm trying to find a solution to every day at work,
49
163292
4226
ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™,
02:47
and the same question I'm aiming to answer in this talk,
50
167542
3767
ื•ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ื•,
02:51
is how can we make sure
51
171333
2476
ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ื•ื“ื
02:53
that all babies get the same shot at lifelong health,
52
173833
3268
ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:57
no matter how they're born or what early life events they encounter.
53
177125
5083
ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืš ื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืื• ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืขื‘ืจื•.
03:03
Seems like a noble cause, right?
54
183375
1958
ื–ืืช ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื˜ืจื” ื ืขืœื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:06
Great.
55
186125
1268
ืžืขื•ืœื”.
03:07
So let's figure this out.
56
187417
1684
ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
03:09
To begin, remember how I said that we need the right combination of microbes?
57
189125
5375
ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื?
03:16
Well, to get that combination right,
58
196333
2101
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
03:18
we need to receive those microbes that inhabit our bodies
59
198458
3476
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•
03:21
in a certain order.
60
201958
1625
ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
03:24
You can think of it like a colonization march.
61
204875
3476
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฆืขื“ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
03:28
The very early microbes that inhabit our bodies first
62
208375
4726
ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื• ืชื—ื™ืœื”
03:33
change the environment in the infant's gut
63
213125
3559
ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง
03:36
so that the next microbes are able to move in,
64
216708
4060
ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื ื—ืœ ื‘ื•,
03:40
kind of like the first invaders
65
220792
1892
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉืœื—ืช ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืช
03:42
come in first and set up the infrastructure
66
222708
2351
ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืžืงื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช
03:45
for the other settlers to build upon.
67
225083
2125
ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
03:48
Now, if babies are born via C-section,
68
228292
2767
ืื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™,
03:51
that early phase of colonization is greatly altered,
69
231083
4018
ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™,
03:55
because instead of vaginal, fecal and skin bacteria of the mother,
70
235125
4726
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื™ื™ื, ื”ืฆื•ืืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื,
03:59
mainly only skin bacteria enter the infant gut.
71
239875
3934
ืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžืขื™ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
04:03
And that sets that colonization march to a totally different tone,
72
243833
4893
ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฆืขื“ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
04:08
and simply because that's different to what we've adapted to during evolution,
73
248750
5851
ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืชืืžื ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”,
04:14
that might cause some health disadvantages for C-section-born babies later on.
74
254625
5601
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™.
04:20
We can take weight development as an example here.
75
260250
2934
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ.
04:23
It has been already shown in several studies
76
263208
2935
ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื
04:26
that gut microbiota composition
77
266167
2142
ื›ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™
04:28
is associated to weight
78
268333
1851
ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืงืœ
04:30
as well as the likelihood of developing diseases
79
270208
2310
ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช
04:32
like diabetes or cardiovascular diseases.
80
272542
3684
ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ืจื™ืื”.
04:36
But now there are some indications
81
276250
2434
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช
04:38
that you could already at infancy
82
278708
2518
ืœื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ืช
04:41
see from a fecal sample of a baby
83
281250
2476
ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง
04:43
some microbes missing from those individuals
84
283750
3018
ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ืœืื•ืชื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
04:46
who will later on develop to be obese or overweight.
85
286792
3458
ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ืขื•ื“ืฃ.
04:51
It has also been shown that those same microbes
86
291125
3976
ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ืื•ืชื ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
04:55
might be missing from babies who are born by C-section
87
295125
3226
ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™,
04:58
or who are predisposed to heavy loads of antibiotics in early life.
88
298375
4393
ืื• ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
05:02
And to kind of close this loop,
89
302792
1642
ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
05:04
it has also been shown in some research
90
304458
2351
ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื
05:06
that babies born by C-section
91
306833
2101
ืฉืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™
05:08
or are prescribed with many, many antibiotics early in life
92
308958
4060
ืื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
05:13
are more likely to be obese or overweight, even by 50 percent,
93
313042
4101
ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืื• ืžืฉืงืœ ืขื•ื“ืฃ, ืขื“ 50% ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:17
which is a lot.
94
317167
1250
ืฉื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
05:19
Now, I know you might be thinking at this point
95
319500
2268
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
05:21
that, oh no, I just had a C-section or I was born via C-section
96
321792
4476
ื”ื•, ืœื! ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื™ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™, ืื• ืฉื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื™ืกืจื™,
05:26
or my child had the antibiotics.
97
326292
2500
ืื• ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
05:29
But I want you to not worry.
98
329917
2934
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืื’ื•.
05:32
If these microbes are missing
99
332875
2934
ืื ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ืกืจื™ื
05:35
or are lost for any reason,
100
335833
2310
ืื• ื ืขืœืžื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
05:38
they can be acquired later,
101
338167
3142
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:41
but the baby just needs a little help with that.
102
341333
2459
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื–ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืš.
05:44
One thing that has already for some time been known to help is breastfeeding.
103
344708
4792
ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงื”.
05:50
Breast milk is kind of miraculous:
104
350417
2059
ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ ืžื•ืคืœื:
05:52
in addition to containing nutrients for the baby,
105
352500
3101
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง,
05:55
it seems to contain food for the good microbes as well.
106
355625
4792
ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
06:01
That's great for a breastfed baby,
107
361792
2851
ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื™ื•ื ืง,
06:04
but we all know that all babies are not breastfed.
108
364667
4017
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื—ืœื‘ ืื.
06:08
So what could we do to ensure that also those babies who are not breastfed
109
368708
5226
ืื– ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื’ื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื
06:13
could restore their microbiota development
110
373958
2435
ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:16
after encountering those disruptive early life events
111
376417
3726
ืœืื—ืจ ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืื•ืชื ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
06:20
that might disrupt their gut microbiota development?
112
380167
3726
ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขื™ ืฉืœื”ื?
06:23
And now we get to the actual solution part of this talk.
113
383917
4750
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ื–ื•.
06:29
The research in this field has been taking giant steps lately.
114
389375
4226
ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืขื ืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
06:33
First, it was understood that if there are some microbes missing,
115
393625
4059
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืฉื ื ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื,
06:37
they can be ingested.
116
397708
2268
ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื.
06:40
We call the good microbes, when they are ingested, probiotics,
117
400000
4059
ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืื›ืœื™ื, ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”,
06:44
and probiotics have been tested
118
404083
1560
ื•ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื ื—ืงืจื”
06:45
in several clinical trials during the years,
119
405667
2767
ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื,
06:48
also in infants, with great effects,
120
408458
2268
ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืขื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
06:50
such as reducing their risk of eczema later in life.
121
410750
3125
ื›ืžื• ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืืงื–ืžื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
06:55
Now, a second revolution was realized
122
415458
2518
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ
06:58
when the eyes of researchers were turned to breast milk.
123
418000
3101
ื›ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื•ืคื ื• ืœื—ืœื‘ ืื.
07:01
That was logical, as, like I mentioned,
124
421125
2309
ืžื”ืœืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™,
07:03
it was already known that breastfeeding is able to support the healthy development
125
423458
4851
ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื ืงื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”
07:08
of gut microbiota.
126
428333
1667
ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™.
07:11
There were these particles in breast milk
127
431750
3726
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
07:15
that were found already in the 1930s
128
435500
3559
ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”-30
07:19
called human milk oligosaccharides,
129
439083
2518
ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืื•ืœื™ื’ื•ืกื›ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ืื ื•ืฉื™,
07:21
but their function remained a mystery
130
441625
2934
ืื‘ืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ
07:24
for decades and decades after their initial discovery.
131
444583
4417
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.
07:29
They were really puzzling for researchers,
132
449833
2643
ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื,
07:32
as they are really abundant in human milk.
133
452500
3726
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืื.
07:36
They are actually the third-largest group of solids,
134
456250
3601
ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื”,
07:39
but they are not digestible by humans, not even infants.
135
459875
3768
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
07:43
So why would mothers synthesize something to breast milk,
136
463667
3684
ืื– ืœืžื” ืฉืืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืื,
07:47
use their resources to put something there
137
467375
2768
ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืฉื ืžืฉื”ื•
07:50
that is not utilizable by the infant?
138
470167
3017
ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืžื™ืฉ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง?
07:53
Usually nature does not work that way.
139
473208
2435
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื›ื”.
07:55
Right?
140
475667
1267
ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:56
So it was quite a revelation when it was finally understood
141
476958
3768
ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื‘ืŸ
08:00
what's the role of these particles,
142
480750
2184
ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
08:02
and that it is to selectively feed the microbes that are best for infants,
143
482958
5393
ื•ื–ื” ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
08:08
and that way to affect the infant health.
144
488375
3393
ื•ื›ืš ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
08:11
There are over a hundred of different HMO structures,
145
491792
4101
ื™ืฉื ื ืžืขืœ ืœืžืื” ืžื‘ื ื™ HMO (ืื•ืœื™ื’ื•ืกื›ืจื™ื“ื™ื) ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
08:15
and nowadays we are able to synthesize some of them also in the lab,
146
495917
4791
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืช ื—ืœืงื ื’ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
08:22
and that enables us to package them up
147
502000
2393
ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื
08:24
with probiotics for children and infants
148
504417
3226
ืœืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
08:27
who are not able to receive them from breast milk
149
507667
2726
ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžื—ืœื‘ ืื,
08:30
to restore their microbiota
150
510417
2142
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื,
08:32
after encountering disruptive early life events.
151
512583
3792
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
08:37
And that is the solution.
152
517417
2267
ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
08:39
As a researcher, I must say at this point
153
519708
3185
ื›ื—ื•ืงืจืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื•ืžืจ
08:42
that research in this field is still ongoing
154
522917
2934
ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉืš,
08:45
and a lot of work remains to be done.
155
525875
2934
ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื”.
08:48
That's a favorite sentence of us scientists.
156
528833
3393
ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื.
08:52
But we are taking steps towards understanding better and better
157
532250
5018
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืขื ืง ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:57
which are the key missing microbes in various situations
158
537292
3726
ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
09:01
and what HMOs we should package with which probiotics
159
541042
4559
ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื•ืœื™ื’ื•ืกื›ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืขื ืื™ื–ื• ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”
09:05
to help restore the microbiota of that particular baby in that particular case.
160
545625
5958
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ื.
09:13
What I wish you to remember from this talk
161
553458
2601
ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื• ืžืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื•
09:16
is that, yes, vaginally born breastfed baby has the microbiota
162
556083
4726
ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืŸ, ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ื™ื•ื ืง ื—ืœื‘ ืื, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
09:20
we have evolved to adapt to,
163
560833
1976
ืืœื™ื”ื ื ื‘ืจืจื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ,
09:22
but in cases where that is not possible,
164
562833
3435
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช,
09:26
there are means to reduce the negative health consequences.
165
566292
4333
ื™ืฉื ื ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช.
09:33
Lastly, I wish you to imagine a world for a while,
166
573083
4810
ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืจื’ืข ืงืฆืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•
09:37
a world where there would be such a health care system
167
577917
2767
ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื–ื•
09:40
that when you take your baby to a health care check,
168
580708
2768
ืฉื›ืฉืชืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉืœื›ื ืœื˜ื™ืคืช ื—ืœื‘,
09:43
they would routinely monitor the gut microbiota development of that baby,
169
583500
4309
ื”ื ื™ื ื˜ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
09:47
and if any disruptions would be noted,
170
587833
2643
ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื™ ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
09:50
a tailor-made product to restore the microbiota
171
590500
3684
ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืช ืœื• ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
09:54
would be prescribed.
172
594208
1292
09:56
I mean, how wonderful would that be,
173
596583
2935
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื ืคืœื,
09:59
if the onset of any chronic diseases would be extremely rare
174
599542
4559
ืื ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœื ื“ื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš
10:04
because of this preemptive health care system?
175
604125
2917
ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ื ืขืช ืฉื›ื–ื•?
10:08
Can you imagine such a world?
176
608458
1709
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื›ื–ื”?
10:11
Do you believe that that kind of future would be possible?
177
611458
3542
ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจื™?
10:17
I do.
178
617583
1476
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืŸ.
10:19
I believe in that future and I want to contribute
179
619083
2726
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืจื•ื
10:21
in the unfolding of that future,
180
621833
1917
ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ื–ื”,
10:25
a future in which each baby has an equal starting point for life
181
625250
4851
ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื
10:30
to be programmed for lifelong health.
182
630125
2125
ืฉืชื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
10:33
Thank you.
183
633208
1268
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
10:34
(Applause)
184
634500
2625
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7