How the gut microbes you're born with affect your lifelong health | Henna-Maria Uusitupa

111,530 views ・ 2020-01-14

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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λ²ˆμ—­: Kim Sang woo κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Now, I know it might be easy to think
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€, 우린 미생물이
00:15
that microbes are bad,
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00:17
especially for infants,
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μ‹ μƒμ•„μ—κ²Œ 쒋지 μ•Šλ‹€κ³  μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
연ꡬ에 μ˜ν•˜λ©΄
00:20
but research has in fact proven the opposite.
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싀은 κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 μ΄λŠ” μ•½κ°„ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
00:24
And the truth might be a little bit more complex,
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00:27
but it's actually way more interesting.
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생각보닀 μ•„μ£Ό ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
It seems that we need microbes
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 쒋은 건강을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
00:33
to be programmed for good health,
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미생물이 ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
00:37
but not just any microbes,
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아무 미생물이 μ•„λ‹Œ
00:38
we need the right combination.
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ 것이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
We succeed best with the little microbial bodies
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 진화 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μž‘μ€ 미생물듀과
00:43
we have adapted to coexist with during evolution.
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κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ μ‘ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:48
And I guess it won't surprise you
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그리고 νƒœμ–΄λ‚  λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ§„ν™”λ˜λ„λ‘ μ„€κ³„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 건
00:50
to learn that we start acquiring that right combination right at birth.
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그리 λ†€λž„ 일이 아닐 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Well, at least some of us do.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, λͺ‡ 뢄은 놀라셨겠죠.
00:58
Babies born by C-section and babies born vaginally
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μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 아이와 μžμ—°λΆ„λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ μ•„μ΄λŠ”
01:01
aren't the same
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01:03
when it comes to microbial start to life,
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μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— 가진 λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ 차이가 있고,
01:06
and after birth there are countless different early life events
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νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 후에도 끝없이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 인생 초기의 사건과
01:10
and circumstances
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ν™˜κ²½μ—λ„ 영ν–₯을 끼치고
01:11
that further modulate the way the gut microbiota is developing,
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μΆ”ν›„μ—λŠ” μœ„μž₯의 미생물이 μžλΌλ‚¨μ— 따라
01:16
such as the medications that might be prescribed for the infant or the mother,
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μ‹ μƒμ•„λ‚˜ μ—„λ§ˆμ—κ²Œ μ²˜λ°©λ˜λŠ” μ•½μ΄λ‚˜
01:21
number of pets and siblings in the family,
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μ• μ™„λ™λ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜ ν˜•μ œμ˜ 수,
01:24
as well as level of hygiene at home,
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κ°€λ‚΄ μœ„μƒ μˆ˜μ€€μ— 따라 λ‹€λ₯΄κ³ 
01:26
and, in this case, it's actually better
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그리고 이 상황에선 μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ”
01:28
if it's not that perfectly clean all the time.
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항상 μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ²Œ κΉ¨λ—ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것이 더 λ‚«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
And also nutrition, both mothers and infants.
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λ˜ν•œ μ—„λ§ˆμ™€ μ•„μ΄μ˜ μ˜μ–‘ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλ„ 말이죠.
01:35
All of these events and circumstances play a huge role
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이 λͺ¨λ“  사건과 ν™˜κ²½μ€ μž₯λ‚΄ 미생물 λ°œμƒμ—
01:40
in the gut microbial development
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큰 역할을 ν•˜κ³ 
01:43
and that has a huge impact on the lifelong health of that baby.
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μ΄λŠ” μ•„μ΄μ˜ μΌμƒλ™μ•ˆμ˜ 건강에 큰 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:49
And I'm not talking about small health implications here.
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μ €λŠ” μ†Œμ†Œν•˜κ²Œ 건강에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 문제λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜λ € λ‚˜μ˜¨ 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:52
I'm talking about the big stuff.
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그것보닀 λ”μš± 큰 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Microbes we acquire or do not acquire
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미생물듀은 우리의 μ˜μ‚¬μ™€ 상관없이
01:58
affect our likelihood of developing diseases like obesity, diabetes
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„λ§Œμ΄λ‚˜ 당뇨병, 심지어 암에 걸리게
02:03
and even some cancers.
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영ν–₯을 끼칠 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Since many of these early life events I just listed
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μ œκ°€ 미리 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ 이 λ§Žμ€ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ‚¬κ±΄λ“€μ€
02:09
are such that we cannot affect them,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΄€μ—¬ν•  수 없기에
02:11
they are inevitable,
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이듀은 ν”Όν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
for example C-sections have been invented to save lives,
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예λ₯Όλ“€μ–΄ μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œλŠ” 생λͺ…을 κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 발λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
02:16
and they do that daily,
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맀일 행해지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:18
and most medications are prescribed for a valid reason,
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λ˜ν•œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 약물듀은 μœ μ•„λ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 특히 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œ 이유둜
02:22
especially for infants, and so on.
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처방되고 있고 계속 그러고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
That is why we have to learn
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이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 아이듀이 νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 후에
02:28
how to protect the health of these babies
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μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄ˆκΈ°μ‚¬κ±΄λ“€μ˜ 영ν–₯ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:30
after the occurrence of such early life events
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μœ„μž₯λ‚΄ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όλ°œλ‹¬λ‘œ 인해 λ°œμƒν•  κ±΄κ°•λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό λ§‰κΈ°μœ„ν•΄
02:34
that might disrupt their gut microbiota development.
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
I work as a researcher
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μ €λŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μžμΈ λ™μ‹œμ—
02:39
and as a technical lead of an infant health platform,
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μœ μ•„ 보건 λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ§€λ„μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
and the question I'm trying to find a solution to every day at work,
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그리고 μ œκ°€ 맀일 해결책을 μ°ΎκΈ°μœ„ν•΄ νž˜μ“°κ³  있고
02:47
and the same question I'm aiming to answer in this talk,
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이 κ°•μ—°μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό 닡을 μ°ΎκΈΈ μ›ν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
is how can we make sure
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λͺ¨λ“  아기듀이 νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  κ·Έ 후에
02:53
that all babies get the same shot at lifelong health,
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μ–΄λ–€ 초기 μƒν™œ 사건에 λΆ€λ”ͺνžˆλ“ μ§€
02:57
no matter how they're born or what early life events they encounter.
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ν‰μƒμ˜ 건강을 μœ„ν•΄ 같은 주사λ₯Ό λ§žλ„λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Seems like a noble cause, right?
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정말 κ³ κ·€ν•œ μ΄μœ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
03:06
Great.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
So let's figure this out.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λ„λ‘ ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
03:09
To begin, remember how I said that we need the right combination of microbes?
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λ¨Όμ €, μ œκ°€ 미생물듀이 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ κ²°ν•©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Όν•œλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ—ˆμ£ ?
03:16
Well, to get that combination right,
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일단 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ κ²°ν•©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ,
03:18
we need to receive those microbes that inhabit our bodies
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κ·Έ 미생물듀이 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μˆœμ„œλŒ€λ‘œ
03:21
in a certain order.
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μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μœ„μΉ˜μ— 있게 λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
You can think of it like a colonization march.
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마치 μ‹λ―Όμ§€μ—μ„œμ˜ ν–‰κ΅°κ³Ό 같이 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
The very early microbes that inhabit our bodies first
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신체에 κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ˜λŠ” 극초기의 미생물듀은
03:33
change the environment in the infant's gut
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μ‹ μƒμ•„μ˜ μœ„μž₯λ‚΄μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ°”κΏ”μ„œ
03:36
so that the next microbes are able to move in,
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μ²˜μŒμ— λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨ 미생물과 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ
03:40
kind of like the first invaders
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λ‹€μŒ 미생물이 λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬ 수 있게 ν•˜κ³ 
03:42
come in first and set up the infrastructure
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λ¨Όμ € λ“€μ–΄μ™€μ„œ λ‹€μŒ μ •μ°©μžλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ
03:45
for the other settlers to build upon.
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κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ„ ꡬ좕해 μ‚΄μˆ˜ 있게 λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:48
Now, if babies are born via C-section,
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λ§Œμ•½ 아이가 μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λ‹€λ©΄,
03:51
that early phase of colonization is greatly altered,
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질 λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ μ‚°λͺ¨μ˜ λ°°μ„€λ¬Ό 및 ν”ΌλΆ€μ„Έκ·  λŒ€μ‹ μ—
03:55
because instead of vaginal, fecal and skin bacteria of the mother,
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주둜 ν”ΌλΆ€μ„Έκ· λ§Œμ΄ μ‹ μƒμ•„μ˜ μœ„μž₯에 영ν–₯을 쀄 것이고
03:59
mainly only skin bacteria enter the infant gut.
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초기 μœ„μž₯의 ꡰ체 ν˜•μ„±μ— 큰 격변이 μžˆμ„κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
And that sets that colonization march to a totally different tone,
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그리고 이 ꡰ체의 행ꡰ은 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³ 
04:08
and simply because that's different to what we've adapted to during evolution,
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그리고 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κ·Έ μ§„ν™”κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–»μ—ˆλ˜ 차이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:14
that might cause some health disadvantages for C-section-born babies later on.
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μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 아이듀은 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— κ±΄κ°•μ˜ 뢈이읡이 μ•½κ°„ μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
We can take weight development as an example here.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ²΄μ€‘μ˜ μ¦κ°€λŸ‰μ„ λ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
It has been already shown in several studies
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이미 μ—¬λŸ¬ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν™•μΈλœλ°” λŒ€λ‘œ
04:26
that gut microbiota composition
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μœ„μž₯의 미생물 ꡬ성은
04:28
is associated to weight
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λ‹Ήλ‡¨λ³‘μ΄λ‚˜ μ‹¬ν˜ˆκ΄€ μ§ˆν™˜κ³Ό
04:30
as well as the likelihood of developing diseases
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같은 μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ λ°œλ³‘ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
04:32
like diabetes or cardiovascular diseases.
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체쀑과도 관련이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 게 μž…μ¦λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
But now there are some indications
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λΉ„λ§Œμ΄λ‚˜
04:38
that you could already at infancy
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과체쀑이 될 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜
04:41
see from a fecal sample of a baby
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μœ μ•„κΈ° μ‹œμ ˆμ˜ λ°°μ„€λ¬Ό μƒ˜ν”Œμ—μ„œ
04:43
some microbes missing from those individuals
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이미 λͺ‡λͺ‡ 미생물듀이 없어진 것을
04:46
who will later on develop to be obese or overweight.
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κ΄€μ°°ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
It has also been shown that those same microbes
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ 싀쒅은
04:55
might be missing from babies who are born by C-section
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μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ μ•„μ΄λ‚˜
04:58
or who are predisposed to heavy loads of antibiotics in early life.
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어릴 λ•Œ ν•­μƒμ œλ₯Ό 많이 λ³΅μš©ν•œ μ•„μ΄μ—κ²Œμ„œ κ΄€μ°°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
And to kind of close this loop,
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그리고 μœ„ 상황과 μœ μ‚¬μ„±μ„ 가진
05:04
it has also been shown in some research
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ•Œλ €μ‘Œλ“―μ΄
05:06
that babies born by C-section
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μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ μ•„μ΄λ‚˜
05:08
or are prescribed with many, many antibiotics early in life
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어릴 λ•Œ ν•­μƒμ œλ₯Ό 많이 μ²˜λ°©λ°›μ€ μ•„μ΄λŠ”
05:13
are more likely to be obese or overweight, even by 50 percent,
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λΉ„λ§Œμ΄λ‚˜ 과체쀑이 될 ν™•λ₯ μ΄
50% μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
which is a lot.
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05:19
Now, I know you might be thinking at this point
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이 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보고
05:21
that, oh no, I just had a C-section or I was born via C-section
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이런, μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œλ‘œ 아이λ₯Ό λ‚³μ•˜λŠ”λ° λ˜λŠ” λ‚œ μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λŠ”λ°,
05:26
or my child had the antibiotics.
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아이가 ν•­μƒμ œλ₯Ό λ³΅μš©ν–ˆλŠ”λ° ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ£ .
05:29
But I want you to not worry.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ κ±±μ •ν•  ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μœΌμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
If these microbes are missing
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λ§Œμ•½ 이 미생물듀이 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜
05:35
or are lost for any reason,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ†μ‹€λ˜λ”λΌλ„
05:38
they can be acquired later,
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ“ μ§€ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 얻을 수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
05:41
but the baby just needs a little help with that.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„κΈ°λŠ” 그러기 μœ„ν•΄μ„  도움이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
05:44
One thing that has already for some time been known to help is breastfeeding.
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λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ λŠ” μ•„μ΄μ—κ²Œ 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ§„ 것 쀑에 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
Breast milk is kind of miraculous:
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λͺ¨μœ λŠ” 맀우 경이둜운 μŒμ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
in addition to containing nutrients for the baby,
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μ•„μ΄μ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ˜μ–‘μ†Œλ‘œ 가득할 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:55
it seems to contain food for the good microbes as well.
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μ•„μ΄μ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ λ―Έμƒλ¬ΌκΉŒμ§€ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
That's great for a breastfed baby,
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λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ λ₯Ό 받은 μ•„μ΄λŠ” λ‹€ν–‰μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:04
but we all know that all babies are not breastfed.
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μ•„μ‰½κ²Œλ„ λͺ¨λ“  아이가 λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ λ₯Ό 받진 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
So what could we do to ensure that also those babies who are not breastfed
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λͺ¨μœ λ₯Ό 먹지 λͺ»ν•œ 아이듀이 μž₯λ‚΄ 미생물 λ°œλ‹¬μ— λ°©ν•΄κ°€ λ˜λŠ”
06:13
could restore their microbiota development
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초기 μƒν™œ 사건에 λ…ΈμΆœλ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
06:16
after encountering those disruptive early life events
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μž₯λ‚΄ λ―Έμƒλ¬ΌνšŒλ³΅μ„ μœ„ν•΄
06:20
that might disrupt their gut microbiota development?
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무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:23
And now we get to the actual solution part of this talk.
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이제 이 λŒ€ν™”μ˜ μ§„μ •ν•œ 해결책을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•  μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
The research in this field has been taking giant steps lately.
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이 뢄야에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μš”μƒˆλ“€μ–΄ 큰 진보λ₯Ό κ²ͺκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
First, it was understood that if there are some microbes missing,
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λ¨Όμ € μ–΄λ–€ 미생물이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것이 μΈμ§€λ˜λ©΄,
06:37
they can be ingested.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 보좩할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
We call the good microbes, when they are ingested, probiotics,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν™œμƒκ· μ΄λΌλŠ” 쒋은 미생물을 μ„­μ·¨ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆκ³ ,
06:44
and probiotics have been tested
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이 미생물듀은 μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
06:45
in several clinical trials during the years,
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μœ μ•„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‹œν–‰λœ μ—¬λŸ¬λ²ˆμ˜ μž„μƒμ‹œν—˜μ—μ„œ
06:48
also in infants, with great effects,
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 아이듀이 μŠ΅μ§„μ— 걸릴 μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ€„μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ”
06:50
such as reducing their risk of eczema later in life.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
Now, a second revolution was realized
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이제, μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨μœ λ₯Ό μ£Όλͺ©ν•¨μ— 따라
06:58
when the eyes of researchers were turned to breast milk.
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두 번째 혁λͺ…이 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
That was logical, as, like I mentioned,
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이 μ£Όλͺ©μ€ 맀우 ν•©λ‹Ήν•œ κ²°κ³Όμ˜€κ³ ,
07:03
it was already known that breastfeeding is able to support the healthy development
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λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ κ°€ μž₯λ‚΄ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λ°œλ‹¬μ— 도움이 λœλ‹€λŠ” 것은
07:08
of gut microbiota.
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이미 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
There were these particles in breast milk
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λͺ¨μœ μ—λŠ” 이미 1930λ…„λŒ€μ—
07:15
that were found already in the 1930s
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λͺ¨μœ μ˜¬λ¦¬κ³ λ‹Ήμ΄λΌλŠ” 성뢄이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:19
called human milk oligosaccharides,
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 효λŠ₯은 처음 발견된 μ΄ν›„λ‘œλ„
07:21
but their function remained a mystery
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μˆ˜μ‹­λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ—¬μ „νžˆ
07:24
for decades and decades after their initial discovery.
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λΆˆκ°€μ‚¬μ˜λ‘œ 남아 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
They were really puzzling for researchers,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 이 μ˜¬λ¦¬κ³ λ‹Ήμ€ λͺ¨μœ μ— μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ§Žμ•˜κΈ°μ—
07:32
as they are really abundant in human milk.
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ λ”μš± κ³€ν˜ΉμŠ€λŸ¬μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
They are actually the third-largest group of solids,
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μ˜¬λ¦¬κ³ λ‹Ήμ€ λͺ¨μœ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ„Έ 번째둜 λ§Žμ€ μ„±λΆ„μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
07:39
but they are not digestible by humans, not even infants.
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μ•„μ΄λ‚˜ 성인 λͺ¨λ‘ μ†Œν™”λ₯Ό 잘 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
So why would mothers synthesize something to breast milk,
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 아이가 μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μ—†λŠ”
07:47
use their resources to put something there
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성뢄이 μ–΄μ§Έμ„œ μ—„λ§ˆλ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ μ˜μ–‘μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄μ„œκΉŒμ§€
07:50
that is not utilizable by the infant?
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λͺ¨μœ  속에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
07:53
Usually nature does not work that way.
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일반적으둜 κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό ν•  μ΄μœ κ°€ μ—†λŠ”λ° 말이죠.
07:55
Right?
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
07:56
So it was quite a revelation when it was finally understood
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έ μ„±λΆ„μ˜ 효λŠ₯이 μ΄ν•΄λ˜κ³  λ‚œ ν›„,
08:00
what's the role of these particles,
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κ·Έ 사싀은 맀우 큰 λ³€ν˜μ„ 일으켰고
08:02
and that it is to selectively feed the microbes that are best for infants,
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μœ μ•„μ—κ²Œ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 미생물을 μ„ λ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ¨Ήμ—¬
08:08
and that way to affect the infant health.
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μœ μ•„μ˜ 건강에 영ν–₯을 주기에 이λ₯΄λ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
There are over a hundred of different HMO structures,
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수백 가지 μ΄μƒμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ¨μœ μ˜¬λ¦¬κ³ λ‹Ήμ˜ ꡬ쑰가 있고,
08:15
and nowadays we are able to synthesize some of them also in the lab,
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이 ꡬ쑰듀 쀑 일뢀λ₯Ό μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ 합성이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œλ°,
08:22
and that enables us to package them up
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 λͺ¨μœ λ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ·Έ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 받을 수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜
08:24
with probiotics for children and infants
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어린이와 μœ μ•„λ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ ν™œμƒκ· μ„ μƒν’ˆν™”ν•΄
08:27
who are not able to receive them from breast milk
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미생물 λ°œμ „μ— λ°©ν•΄λ˜λŠ”
08:30
to restore their microbiota
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초기 μƒν™œ 사건듀을 κ²ͺ은 μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜
08:32
after encountering disruptive early life events.
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λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ νšŒλ³΅μ„ λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
And that is the solution.
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그리고 이것이 ν•΄κ²°μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:39
As a researcher, I must say at this point
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μ—°κ΅¬μžμ„œ 아직 이 λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ”
08:42
that research in this field is still ongoing
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진행쀑이고 아직도 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일이 λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” 것을
08:45
and a lot of work remains to be done.
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μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌœ λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
That's a favorite sentence of us scientists.
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 많이 ν•˜λŠ” 말이죠.
08:52
But we are taking steps towards understanding better and better
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μ–΄λ–€ 것이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 초기 μƒν™œ 사건 μ•„λž˜
08:57
which are the key missing microbes in various situations
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μƒμ„±λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ μ£Όμš” 미생물인지λ₯Ό κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜κ³ 
09:01
and what HMOs we should package with which probiotics
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μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨μœ μ˜¬λ¦¬κ³ λ‹Ήμ„ μ–΄λ–€ ν™œμƒκ· κ³Ό 같이 μ„­μ·¨ν•΄μ•Ό νŠΉμ •ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ
09:05
to help restore the microbiota of that particular baby in that particular case.
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ•„μ΄μ˜ 미생물 볡원을 더 잘 되게 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ³Όμ •μ˜ 쀑간에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
What I wish you to remember from this talk
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이 강연을 톡해 μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 건
09:16
is that, yes, vaginally born breastfed baby has the microbiota
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μžμ—°λΆ„λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ λ₯Ό ν•œ μ•„μ΄λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ μ‘ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ μ§„ν™”ν•œ
09:20
we have evolved to adapt to,
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μž₯내미생물을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
09:22
but in cases where that is not possible,
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그것이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•  λ•ŒλΌλ„
09:26
there are means to reduce the negative health consequences.
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건강에 μƒκΈ°λŠ” 문제λ₯Ό κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
Lastly, I wish you to imagine a world for a while,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 이런 세상을 상상해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
09:37
a world where there would be such a health care system
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžλ…€μ˜ 건강검진을 ν•˜λŸ¬ 갈 λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
09:40
that when you take your baby to a health care check,
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주기적으둜 μ•„μ΄μ˜ μž₯λ‚΄ 미생물 성뢄을 κ²€μ‚¬ν•˜κ³ 
09:43
they would routinely monitor the gut microbiota development of that baby,
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λ§Œμ•½ 이상이 λ°œκ²¬λœλ‹€λ©΄
09:47
and if any disruptions would be noted,
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μž₯λ‚΄ 미생물 νšŒλ³΅μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ§žμΆ€μ œμž‘λœ
09:50
a tailor-made product to restore the microbiota
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ν™œμƒκ·  처방이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ”
09:54
would be prescribed.
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세상은 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”.
09:56
I mean, how wonderful would that be,
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λ§Œμ„±μ  μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ λ°œλ³‘λ₯ μ΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ
09:59
if the onset of any chronic diseases would be extremely rare
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초기 건강관리 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— μ˜ν•΄ κ΄€λ¦¬λ˜μ–΄ λ°œλ³‘μ΄ 극히 λ“œλ¬Όμ–΄ 진닀면
10:04
because of this preemptive health care system?
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그런 세상은 정말 아름닡지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:08
Can you imagine such a world?
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그런 λ―Έλž˜κ°€ μ˜ˆμƒλ˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:11
Do you believe that that kind of future would be possible?
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그런 λ―Έλž˜κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
10:17
I do.
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μ „ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
I believe in that future and I want to contribute
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ 미래λ₯Ό λ―Ώκ³  있으며, 각각의 아이가
10:21
in the unfolding of that future,
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ν‰μƒμ˜ 건강을 μœ„ν•΄ μ„€κ³„λœ
10:25
a future in which each baby has an equal starting point for life
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λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ μ²˜λ°©μ„ 톡해 μΈμƒμ˜ 좜발점이 κ°™μ•„μ§ˆ 미래λ₯Ό
10:30
to be programmed for lifelong health.
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νŽΌμ³λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” 데 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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