Helping humans and animals live together | Jane Goodall

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Good afternoon, good evening, whatever.

Dobar dan, dobra večer, kako god hoćete.

We can go, jambo, guten Abend, bonsoir,

Možemo početi sa jambo, guten abend, bonsoir,

but we can also ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh.

ali i sa – ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh.

That is the call that chimpanzees make

To je zvuk koji čimpanze ispuštaju

before they go to sleep in the evening.

prije nego što idu spavati navečer.

You hear it going from one side of the valley to the other,

Možete ga čuti kako se širi s jedne strane doline na drugu,

from one group of nests to the next.

od jedne grupe gnijezda do druge.

And I want to pick up with my talk this evening

Htjela bih nastaviti večeras

from where Zeray left off yesterday.

tamo gdje je Zeray stao jučer.

He was talking about this amazing, three-year-old Australopithecine child, Selam.

On je govorio o jednom čudesnom trogodišnjem djetetu australopiteka, Selamu.

And we've also been hearing about the history, the family tree, of mankind

Isto tako, slušali smo i o povijesti i obiteljskom stablu, o čovječanstvu

through DNA genetic profiling.

kroz analizu genetskoga koda.

And it was a paleontologist, the late Louis Leakey,

I zapravo je jedan paleontolog, pokojni Louis Leakey,

who actually set me on the path for studying chimpanzees.

bio taj koji me uputio ka proučavanju čimpanzi.

And it was pretty extraordinary, way back then.

Tada je to bilo prilično neobično.

It's kind of commonplace now,

Danas je to normalno,

but his argument was -- because he'd been searching

ali njegov argument tada je bio, jer je bio u potrazi

for the fossilized remains of early humans in Africa.

za fosiliziranim ostacima ranih ljudi u Africi –

And you can tell an awful lot

da se može jako puno reći

about what those beings looked like from the fossils,

o izgledu tih bića prema fosiliziranim ostacima

from the shape of the muscle attachments,

i prema obliku hvatišta mišića.

something about the way they lived

Možda nešto o njihovom načinu života

from the various artifacts found with them.

prema predmetima nađenima s njima.

But what about how they behaved? That's what he wanted to know.

Ali što je s njihovim ponašanjem? To je bilo ono što je on htio znati.

And of course, behavior doesn't fossilize.

A naravno, ponašanje se ne može fosilizirati.

He argued -- and it's now a fairly common theory --

On je tvrdio – a to je danas prihvaćena teorija –

that if we found behavior patterns similar or the same

da ako možemo pronaći ponavljajuće uzorke ponašanja slične ili iste

in our closest living relatives, the great apes, and humans today,

kod naših najbližih rođaka velikih čovjekolikih majmuna i današnjih ljudi,

then maybe those behaviors were present in the ape-like,

da su tada ti uzorci možda bili prisutni i kod majmunolikih,

human-like ancestor some seven million years ago.

čovjekolikih predaka prije nekih sedam milijuna godina.

And therefore, perhaps we had brought those characteristics with us

Dakle, možda smo mi te karakteristike prenosili sa sobom

from that ancient, ancient past.

iz davne, davne prošlosti.

Well, if you look in textbooks today that deal with human evolution,

Ako pogledate u današnje udžbenike koji se bave ljudskom evolucijom,

you very often find people speculating about how early humans

često možete naći nagađanja o tome kako su se prvi ljudi

may have behaved, based on the behavior of chimpanzees.

ponašali temeljeno na ponašanju čimpanzi.

They are more like us than any other living creature,

One su nam najsličnija živa bića,

and we've heard about that during this TED Conference.

kao što smo već čuli tijekom ove TED konferencije.

So it remains for me to comment on the ways in which chimpanzees

Ostaje mi, dakle, samo da komentiram sličnosti čimpanzi

are so like us, in certain aspects of their behavior.

i ljudi u određenim aspektima ponašanja.

Every chimpanzee has his or her own personality.

Svaka čimpanza ima svoju vlastitu osobnost.

Of course, I gave them names. They can live to be 60 years or more,

Ja im, naravno, dajem imena. Mogu doživjeti i preko 60 godina,

although we think most of them probably don't make it to 60 in the wild.

iako smatramo da većina njih ne doživi ni 60 u divljini.

Mr. Wurzel. The female has her first baby when she's 11 or 12.

Mr.Wurzel. Ženka ima svoje prvo mlado s 11 ili 12 godina.

Thereafter, she has one baby only every five or six years,

Nakon toga, ima mlado tek svakih pet ili šest godina

a long period of childhood dependency when the child is nursing,

jer postoji taj dugački period djetinjstva u kojemu ženka doji mlado,

sleeping with the mother at night, and riding on her back.

spava s njim noću i nosi ga na leđima.

And we believe that this long period of childhood

Vjerujemo da je taj dugački period djetinjstva

is important for chimpanzees, just as it is for us, in relation to learning.

važan za čimpanze isto toliko koliko je važan i za nas, barem što se tiče učenja.

As the brain becomes ever more complex

Što se više mozak razvija

during evolution in different forms of animals,

tijekom evolucije kod različitih životinja,

so we find that learning plays an ever more important role

to veću ulogu učenje ima

in an individual's life history.

u životu pojedinca.

And young chimpanzees spend a lot of time watching what their elders do.

A mlade čimpanze provode puno vremena promatrajući što odrasle čimpanze rade.

We know now that they're capable of imitating behaviors that they see.

Znamo i da su sposobni oponašati ta ponašanja koja vide.

And we believe that it's in this way

Zato smatramo da se

that the different tool-using behaviors -- that have now been seen

različite sposobnosti korištenja alata kojima svjedočimo

in all the different chimpanzee populations studied in Africa --

u svim populacijama čimpanzi proučavanima u Africi

how these are passed from one generation to the next,

zapravo prenose s jedne generacije na drugu

through observation, imitation and practice,

promatranjem, imitiranjem i vježbom,

so that we can describe these tool-using behaviors as primitive culture.

te stoga možemo te navike korištenja alata smatrati i primitivnom kulturom.

Chimpanzees don't have a spoken language. We've talked about that.

Čimpanze nemaju govorni jezik. O tome smo već pričali.

They do have a very rich repertoire of postures and gestures,

Međutim, imaju jako bogati repertoar poza, kretnji i gesta,

many of which are similar, or even identical, to ours

od kojih su mnoge slične, čak i identične našima

and formed in the same context. Greeting chimpanzees embracing.

i to u istom kontekstu. Čimpanze se pozdravljaju zagrljajima.

They also kiss, hold hands, pat one another on the back.

One se također i ljube, drže za ruke, tapšu jedni druge po leđima.

And they swagger and they throw rocks.

One se i šepire i bacaju kamenje.

In chimpanzee society, we find many, many examples of compassion,

U zajednici čimpanza možemo naći jako puno izražavanja sažaljenja,

precursors to love and true altruism.

što prethodi ljubavi i istinskom altruizmu.

Unfortunately, they, like us, have a dark side to their nature.

Nažalost, one, isto kao i mi, imaju i mračnu stranu.

They're capable of extreme brutality, even a kind of primitive war.

Sposobne su za strašne grubosti, čak i za neku vrstu primitivnog rata.

And these really aggressive behaviors, for the most part,

Takva agresivna ponašanja su većinom

are directed against individuals of the neighboring social group.

usmjerena protiv pripadnika susjedne zajednice.

They are very territorially aggressive.

Čimpanze su iznimno teritorijalno nastrojene.

Chimpanzees, I believe, more than any other living creature,

Vjerujem da su nam one, više od bilo kojih drugih bića,

have helped us to understand that, after all, there is no sharp line

pomogle da razumijemo da ipak ne postoji čvrsta granica

between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom.

između ljudi i ostatka životinjskog carstva.

It's a very blurry line, and it's getting more blurry all the time

To je vrlo nejasna granica, i postaje sve nejasnija

as we make even more observations.

kako provodimo daljnja istraživanja.

The study that I began in 1960 is still continuing to this day.

Istraživanje koje sam pokrenula 1960. traje do danas.

And these chimpanzees, living their complex social lives in the wild,

A čimpanze, koje vode svoje složene društvene živote u divljini,

have helped -- more than anything else --

pomogle su najviše od svih

to make us realize we are part of, and not separated from,

da shvatimo kako smo i mi dio, tj. da nismo odvojeni,

the amazing animals with whom we share the planet.

od ovih čudesnih životinja s kojima dijelimo planet.

So it's pretty sad to find that chimpanzees,

Zato je strašno vidjeti kako čimpanze,

like so many other creatures around the world, are losing their habitats.

kao i mnogo ostalih bića diljem svijeta, gube svoja staništa.

This is just one photograph from the air,

Ovo je samo jedna fotografija, slikana iz zraka,

and it shows you the forested highlands of Gombe.

i pokazuje šumovita brda Gombe.

And it was when I flew over the whole area, about 16 years ago,

Kada sam prije nekih 16 godina

and realized that outside the park, this forest,

letjela preko tog područja, te su se šume

which in 1960 had stretched almost unbroken

tada, 1960.godine još uvijek prostirale izvan

along the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika,

nacionalnog parka Gombe duž gotovo cijele

which is where the tiny, 30-square-mile Gombe National Park lies,

istočne obale jezera Tanganyika, gdje mali Gombe Nacionalni Park površine 30 četvornih milja leži,

that a question came to my mind.

i palo mi je jedno pitanje na pamet --

"How can we even try to save these famous chimpanzees,

„Kako se uopće možemo truditi spasiti te slavne čimpanze

when the people living around the National Park are struggling to survive?"

kad ljudi koji žive oko nacionalnog parka jedva preživljavaju?“

More people are living there than the land could possibly support.

Tamo živi više ljudi nego što zemlja može podnijeti.

The numbers increased by refugees pouring in from Burundi

Brojke se još više povećavaju dolaskom izbjeglica iz Burundija

and over the lake from Congo.

i preko jezera iz Konga.

And very poor people -- they couldn't afford to buy food from elsewhere.

I sve jako siromašni ljudi – nisu si mogli priuštiti kupovinu hrane negdje drugdje.

This led to a program, which we call TACARE.

To je dovelo do stvaranja programa kojeg nazivamo Take Care.

It's a very holistic way of improving the lives

U njemu na veoma holistički način pokušavamo poboljšati život

of the people living in the villages around the park.

stanovništva u selima oko nacionalnog parka.

It started small with 12 villages. It's now in 24.

Počeli smo s 12 sela. Danas djelujemo u njih 24.

There isn't time to go into it, but it's including things like tree nurseries,

Nemamo sada vremena da ulazim u detalje, ali neke od stvari kojima se bavimo su njega drveća i

methods of farming most suitable to this now very degraded,

poljoprivredne metode koje najbolje odgovaraju degradiranom,

almost desert-like land up in these mountains.

skoro pustinjskom tlu u ovim planinama,

Ways of controlling, preventing soil erosion.

zatim kontroliranje i sprječavanje erozije tla,

Ways of reclaiming overused farmland,

smišljanje načina na koje se tlo može obogatiti

so that within two years they can again be productive.

da za dvije godine bude ponovno spremno za iskorištavanje,

Working to help the villagers obtain fresh water from wells.

pomoć seljanima u dobavi pitke vode,

Perhaps build some schoolrooms.

možda čak i izgradnja ponekih učionica.

Most important of all, I believe,

I vjerujem da je možda najvažnije od svega

is working with small groups of women,

naš rad s malim grupama žena,

providing them with opportunities for micro-credit loans.

kojima dajemo mogućnost za dizanje mikro kredita.

And we've got, as is the case around the world,

I, kao što je slučaj i u ostatku svijeta,

about 95 percent of all loans returned.

oko 95 posto kredita bude otplaćeno.

Empowering women, working with education,

Potičemo žene na edukaciju,

providing scholarships for girls so they can finish secondary school,

dajemo stipendije djevojkama koje žele završiti srednju školu,

in the clear understanding that, all around the world,

i sve to jer je činjenica da što više edukacija žena u cijelom svijetu

as women's education improves, family size drops.

napreduje, to se veličina obitelji smanjuje.

We provide information about family planning and about HIV/AIDS.

Također, informiramo ih o planiranju obitelji i o HIV-u i AIDS-u.

And as a result of this program,

Kao rezultat ovog programa,

something's happening for conservation.

postižemo nešto i za očuvanje područja,

What's happening for conservation is that the farmers living in these 24 villages,

a to je da, sada, seljaci koji žive u ta 24 sela,

instead of looking on us as a bunch of white people

više ne gledaju na nas kao hrpu bijelaca

coming to study a whole bunch of monkeys --

koji su došli proučavati hrpu majmuna.

and by the way, many of the staff are now Tanzanian --

Usput, sada imamo i velik broj Tanzanijaca kao zaposlenika,

but when we began the TACARE program,

a kada smo počeli s Take Care programom,

it was a Tanzanian team going into the villages.

slali smo ekipe sastavljene od Tanzanijaca u sela

It was a Tanzanian team talking to the villagers,

i oni su bili ti koji su razgovarali sa seljanima

asking what they were interested in.

i ispitivali ih za što su zainteresirani –

Were they interested in conservation? Absolutely not.

Zanima li ih program zaštite životinja? Uopće ne.

They were interested in health; they were interested in education.

Zanimalo ih je zdravstvo, zanimalo ih je obrazovanje.

And as time went on, and as their situation began to improve,

A kako je vrijeme prolazilo i njihova se situacija počela poboljšavati,

they began to understand ever more about the need for conservation.

počeli su shvaćati zašto postoji potreba za očuvanjem područja.

They began to understand

Shvatili su da

that as the upper levels of the hills were denuded of trees,

deforestacija viših brda

so you've got this terrible soil erosion and mudslides.

izaziva pojavu erozije tla i klizišta.

Today, we are developing what we call the Greater Gombe Ecosystem.

Danas razvijamo i nešto što nazivamo velikim ekosistemom Gombea.

This is an area way outside the National Park,

To je područje dalje od nacionalnog parka

stretching out into all these very degraded lands.

koje se proteže kroz različita oštećena zemljišta.

And as these villages have a better standard of life,

A kako seljani sada imaju bolji životni standard,

they are actually agreeing to put

prihvatili su dati

between 10 percent and 20 percent of their land in the highlands aside,

10-20 posto svoje zemlje smještene na višim područjima

so that once again, as the trees grow back,

da bi se na tim područjima obnovile šume

the chimpanzees will have leafy corridors

i kako bi čimpanze imale koridore

through which they can travel to interact --

koji bi ih spajali s drugim zajednicama čimpanzi

as they must for genetic viability --

izvan nacionalnog parka,

with other remnant groups outside the National Park.

što je važno za genetsku održivost.

So TACARE is a success.

Program Take Care je, dakle, vrlo uspješan.

We're replicating it in other parts of Africa,

Provodimo ga i u drugim dijelovima Afrike,

around other wilderness areas

oko drugih divljih područja

which are faced with extreme population pressure.

koja su suočena s prevelikom naseljenošću.

The problems in Africa, however, as we've been discussing

Međutim, problemi su u Africi, kao što smo

for the whole of these first couple of days of TED,

ovih proteklih dana na ovoj TED konferenciji i govorili,

are major problems.

jako veliki problemi.

There is a great deal of poverty.

Govorimo o ogromnom broju siromašnih.

And when you get large numbers of people

A kad imate velik broj ljudi

living in land that is not that fertile,

koji žive na neplodnom tlu,

particularly when you cut down trees,

pogotovo nakon što posiječete drveće

and you leave the soil open to the wind for erosion,

i ostavite tlo otvoreno utjecajima vjetra koji stvaraju eroziju,

as desperate populations cut down more and more trees,

a očajno stanovništvo i dalje sječe sve više i više drveća

so that they can try and grow food for themselves and their families,

da bi poljoprivredom prehranili svoje obitelji,

what's going to happen? Something's got to give.

što će se dogoditi? Nešto mora patit.

And the other problems -- in not only Africa,

Postoje i drugi problemi – ne samo u Africi,

but the rest of the developing world and, indeed, everywhere --

nego i u ostalim zemljama u razvoju, zapravo svugdje.

what are we doing to our planet?

Što to radimo svom planetu?

You know, the famous scientist, E. O. Wilson

Znate, poznati znanstvenik E.O.Wilson

said that if every person on this planet

rekao je da ako svaka osoba na Zemlji

attains the standard of living of the average European or American,

dosegne životni standard prosječnog Europljanina ili Amerikanca,

we need three new planets.

trebat će nam tri nova planeta.

Today, they are saying four. But we don't have them. We've got one.

Danas kažu čak i četiri. Ali nemamo ih. Imamo samo jedan.

And what's happened? I mean, the question here is, here we are,

I što se dogodilo? Hoću reći, ono što je ovdje problem – evo nas,

arguably the most intelligent being that's ever walked planet Earth,

možda najinteligentnija stvorenja koja su ikad hodala Zemljom,

with this extraordinary brain,

imamo veličanstveni mozak

capable of the kind of technology

sposoban stvoriti tehnologiju

that is so well illustrated by these TED Conferences,

koju ove TED konferencije tako dobro prikazuju.

and yet we're destroying the only home we have.

A ipak uništavamo jedini dom koji imamo.

The indigenous people around the world,

Starosjedioci su diljem svijeta

before they made a major decision,

prije donosili odluke

used to sit around and ask themselves,

tako da su se upitali,

"How does this decision affect our people seven generations ahead?"

„Kako će ova odluka utjecati na život našeg naroda za sedam generacija?“

Today, major decisions -- and I'm not particularly talking about Africa here,

Danas se najvažnije odluke – ne govorim samo o Africi,

but the developed world --

nego i o razvijenom svijetu –

major decisions involving millions of dollars,

velike odluke koje uključuju milijune dolara

and millions of people, are often based on,

i milijune ljudi, donose temeljene na pitanjima tipa,

"How will this affect the next shareholders' meeting?"

„Kako će ovo utjecati na slijedeći sastanak dioničara?“

And these decisions affect Africa.

I takve odluke utječu na Afriku.

As I began traveling around Africa

Kada sam počela putovati Afrikom

talking about the problems faced by chimpanzees and their vanishing forests,

i govoriti o problemima s kojima se čimpanze suočavaju i njihovim šumama

I realized more and more how so many of Africa's problems

koje nestaju, shvatila sam da se za većinu problema u Africi

could be laid at the door of previous colonial exploitation.

može okriviti prijašnja kolonijalna eksploatacija.

So I began traveling outside Africa, talking in Europe,

Zato sam počela putovati i izvan Afrike, govoriti u Europi,

talking in the United States, going to Asia.

govoriti u Sjedinjenim Državama, u Aziji.

And everywhere there were these terrible problems.

I svugdje postoje ti užasni problemi.

And you know the kind I'm talking about. I'm talking about pollution.

Znate o kakvim problemima pričam. Mislim na zagađenje.

The air that we breathe that often poisons us.

Zrak koji dišemo nas truje.

The earth is poisoning our foods.

Zemlja truje našu hranu.

The water -- water is perhaps one of the most crucial issues

Voda – ona je vjerojatno jedan od najvažnijih problema

that we're going to face in this century --

s kojima ćemo se morati suočiti u ovom stoljeću.

and everywhere water is being polluted by agricultural,

Voda se svugdje zagađuje poljoprivrednim,

industrial and household chemicals

industrijskim i kemikalijama

that still are being sprayed around the world,

iz kućanstava, koje se još uvijek koriste svugdje u svijetu,

seemingly with the inability to profit from past experience.

bez obzira na prijašnja loša iskustva.

The mangroves are being cut down;

Šume mangrova se sijeku

the effects of things like the tsunami get worse.

i zbog toga su posljedice nepogoda kao što su tsunamiji još gore.

We've talked about the soil erosion.

Već smo pričali o eroziji tla.

We have the reckless burning of fossil fuels

Imamo i također nepromišljeno izgaranje fosilnih goriva koje,

along with other greenhouse gasses, so called,

zajedno s tzv. efektom staklenika,

leading to climate change.

utječe na promjenu klime.

Finally, all around the world, people have begun to believe

Napokon, diljem svijeta ljudi počinju vjerovati

that there is something going on very wrong with our climate.

da se događa nešto vrlo loše za našu klimu.

All around the world climates are mixed up.

Klima se mijenja u cijelom svijetu.

And it's the poor people who are affected worse.

A to najviše utječe na siromašne.

It's Africa that already is affected.

I Afrika je već pogođena.

In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the droughts are so much worse.

Suše su sve teže u mnogim dijelovima Afrike južno od Sahare.

And when the rain does come, it so often leads to flooding

A kada kiša napokon dođe, vrlo često dolazi do poplava,

and added distress, and the cycle of poverty and hunger and disease.

nepogoda i neizbježnog siromaštva, gladi i bolesti.

And the numbers of people living in an area that the land cannot support,

A na prekomjerno naseljenim područjima sve je više ljudi

who are too poor to buy food,

koji si ne mogu priuštiti kupovinu hrane,

who can't move away because the whole land is degraded.

a nemaju kuda odseliti.

And so you get desertification -- creeping, creeping, creeping --

I tako dolazi do dezertifikacije, problem se polako prikrada

as the last of the trees are cut down.

sve dok se ne posiječe i zadnje drvo.

And this kind of thing is not just in Africa. It's all over the world.

Ali to se ne događa samo u Africi. Događa se u cijelom svijetu.

So it wasn't surprising to me

Zato me i nije iznenadilo,

that as I was traveling around the world

tijekom mojih putovanja po cijelom svijetu,

I met so many young people who seemed to have lost hope.

sresti toliko mladih ljudi koji su izgubili svu nadu.

We seem to have lost wisdom, the wisdom of the indigenous people.

Izgleda da smo izgubili svu mudrost, mudrost starosjedioca.

I asked a question. "Why?"

Postavlja se pitanje: „Zašto?“

Well, do you think there could be some kind of disconnect

Mislite li da je možda veza

between this extraordinarily clever brain,

između našeg čudesnog pametnog mozga,

the kind of brain that the TED technologies exemplify,

što vidimo po ovoj TED tehnologiji,

and the human heart? Talking about it in the non-scientific term,

i ljudskog srca prekinuta? Naravno, ne govorim u znanstvenom smislu,

in terms of love and compassion. Is there some disconnect?

nego u smislu ljubavi i sućuti. Je li ta veza prekinuta?

And these young people, when I talk to them,

Kad sam pričala sa svim tim mladim ljudima,

basically they were either depressed or apathetic,

oni su svi bili ili depresivni i nezainteresirani

or bitter and angry. And they said more or less the same thing,

ili ogorčeni i ljuti. I svi su rekli više-manje istu stvar:

"We feel this way because we feel you've compromised our future

„Tako se osjećamo jer mislimo da ste ugrozili našu budućnost,

and there's nothing we can do about it."

a mi to nikako ne možemo spriječiti.“

We have compromised their future.

Ugrozili smo njihovu budućnost.

I've got three little grandchildren, and every time I look at them

Imam troje unučadi i obuzme me očaj svaki put

and I think how we've harmed this beautiful planet since I was their age,

kada pomislim koliko smo naudili ovom prekrasnom planetu

I feel this desperation.

otkada sam ja bila njihove dobi.

And that led to this program we call Roots and Shoots,

To je dovelo do osnivanja programa Roots and Shoots

which began right here in Tanzania

s kojim smo počeli u Tanzaniji,

and has now spread to 97 countries around the world.

a danas djeluje u 97 zemalja diljem svijeta.

It's symbolic. Roots make a firm foundation.

Naziv je simboličan – korijenje čini čvrste temelje,

Shoots seem tiny; to reach the sun they can break through a brick wall.

a mladice se čine krhkima, ali da bi doprle do sunca, mogu srušiti i betonske zidove,

See the brick wall as all these problems we've inflicted on the planet,

koji u našem slučaju predstavljaju sve društvene i ekološke probleme koje smo

environmental and social. It's a message of hope.

nametnuli svom planetu. Na taj način šaljemo poruku nade.

Hundreds and thousands of young people around the world

Stotine i tisuće mladih ljudi u cijelom svijetu

can break through and can make this a better world for all living things.

mogu srušiti te zidove i učiniti ovaj svijet boljim.

The most important message of Roots and Shoots:

Najvažnija poruka ovog programa je to

every single one of us makes a difference, every single day.

da je svaki pojedinac važan.

We have a choice. Every one of us in this room,

Svi mi imamo izbor. Svi mi ovdje u ovoj prostoriji

we have a choice as to what kind of difference we want to make.

možemo izabrati ono što želimo promijeniti.

The very poor have no choice. It's up to us to change things

Ali siromašni nemaju taj izbor. Na nama je

so that the poor have choice as well.

da i njima omogućimo izbor.

The Roots and Shoots groups all choose three projects.

Sve grupe u programu izabiru tri projekta.

It depends on how old they are, and which country,

To ovisi o njihovoj dobi, zemlji u kojoj se nalaze,

whether they're in a city or rural, as to what kinds of projects.

žive li u gradu ili na selu.

But basically, we have programs now from preschool right through university,

U osnovi, imamo programe i za vrtiće i za sveučilišta,

with more and more adults starting their own Roots and Shoots groups.

a sve više odraslih osniva vlastite Roots and Shoots grupe.

And every group chooses, between them,

Svaka od tih grupa odabire si

three different kinds of project to make this a better world,

tri projekta za poboljšanje situacije u svijetu,

recognizing that all these different problems are interconnected

imajući na umu da su svi ti problemi međusobno povezani

and impinge on each other.

i utječu jedni na druge.

So one of their projects will be to help their own human community.

Jedan od njihovih ciljeva je i pomoći vlastitoj društvenoj zajednici.

And then, if they're able, they may raise money to help communities

Poslije, ako su u mogućnosti, mogu skupljati novce za pomoć drugim zajednicama

in other parts of the world.

u svijetu.

One of their projects will be to help animals -- not just wildlife,

Jedan od ciljeva je i pomoći životinjama, ne samo u divljini,

domestic animals as well.

nego i domaćim životinjama.

And one of their projects will be to help the environment that we all share.

Također, cilj je i zaštititi okoliš koji svi mi dijelimo.

And woven throughout all of this is a message

A kroz sve je to protkana poruka

of learning to live in peace and harmony within ourselves,

svim ljudima da žive u miru i skladu sami sa sobom,

in our families, in our communities, between nations, between cultures,

sa svojim obiteljima, zajednicama, drugim narodima, kulturama,

between religions and between us and the natural world.

religijama i s prirodom oko sebe.

We need the natural world. We cannot go on destroying it at the rate we are.

Jer nama je priroda potrebna i ne možemo je nastaviti uništavati ovim tempom

We not do have more than this one planet.

jer je to jedini planet koji imamo.

Just picking one or two of the projects right here in Africa

Evo samo dva, tri primjera projekata programa Roots and Shoots koji

that the Roots and Shoots groups are doing,

se odvijaju u Africi –

one or two projects only -- in Tanzania, in Uganda, Kenya,

u Tanzaniji, Ugandi, Keniji,

South Africa, Congo-Brazzaville, Sierra Leone, Cameroon

Južnoafričkoj Republici, Kongu, Brazzavilleu, Sierri Leone, Kamerunu

and other groups. And as I say, it's in 97 countries around the world.

i dalje. Kao što sam rekla, sada se to isto događa u 97 zemalja diljem svijeta.

Of course, they're planting trees. They're growing organic vegetables.

Naravno, grupe sade drveće, uzgajaju organsko povrće,

They're working in the refugee camps, with chickens

rade u kampovima za izbjeglice, uzgajaju piliće

and selling the eggs for a little amount of money,

i prodaju jaja za male novce

or just using them to feed their families,

ili ih koriste za prehranu vlastitih obitelji

and feeling a sense of pride and empowerment,

i pri tome svemu imaju osjećaj ponosa i moći

because they're no longer helpless and depending on others

jer više nisu bespomoćni

with their vegetables and their chickens.

i ovisni o drugima.

It's being used in Uganda

To se primjenjuje u Ugandi

to give some psychological help to ex-child soldiers.

u svrhu pružanja psihološke pomoći bivšoj djeci-vojnicima.

Doing projects like this is bringing them out of themselves.

Radeći na ovim projektima, oni se udaljuju od svojih problema

Once again, they're useful members of society.

i ponovno postaju korisnim članovima društva.

We have this program in prisons as well.

Ovaj program provodimo i u zatvorima.

So, there's no time for more Roots and Shoots now.

Međutim, nemamo sad više vremena za priču o Roots and Shoots programu.

But -- oh, they're also working on HIV/AIDS.

Ali samo da napomenem kako se program bavi i HIV-om i AIDS-om.

That's a very important component of Roots and Shoots,

To je vrlo važna komponenta programa,

with older kids talking to younger ones.

gdje starija djeca informiraju mlađu.

And unwanted pregnancies and things like that,

Mladi radije slušaju svoje vršnjake nego odrasle

which young people listen to better from other youth, rather than adults.

kad se radi o neželjenim trudnoćama i sličnim stvarima.

Hope. That's the question I get asked as I'm going around the world:

Nada. To je pitanje koje mi postavljaju diljem svijeta.

"Jane, you've seen so many terrible things,

„Jane, vidjela si toliko strašnih stvari,

you've seen your chimpanzees decrease in number

vidjela si kako se broj tvojih čimpanzi smanjio

from about one million, at the turn of the century,

od jednog milijuna koliko ih je bilo na kraju stoljeća

to no more than 150,000 now, and the same with so many other animals.

do jedva 150.000 danas. A isto se događa i s drugim životinjama.

Forests disappearing, deserts where once there was forest.

Šume nestaju, pustinje preuzimaju njihova mjesta.

Do you really have hope?" Well, yes.

Zar stvarno imaš nade?“ Pa, da.

You can't come to a conference like TED and not have hope, can you?

Ne možete doći na konferenciju kao što je ova i ne imati nade, zar ne?

And of course, there's hope. One is this amazing human brain.

Naravno da ima nade. Jedna je ovaj čudesni ljudski mozak.

And I mean, think of the technologies.

Hoću reći, pomislite samo na svu tu tehnologiju.

And I've just been so thrilled, finally, to come to people talking about compost latrines.

Bila sam tako uzbuđena kad sam vidjela da ljudi govore o kompostnim nužnicima.

It's one of my hobbyhorses.

To je inače jedna od mojih najdražih tema.

We just flush all this water down the lavatory, it's terrible.

Zamislite samo koliko vode potrošimo u toaletima, užas.

And then talking about renewable energy -- desperately important.

Tu su i jako važne priče o obnovljivoj energiji.

Do we care about the planet for our children?

Marimo li uopće u kakvom će stanju ovaj planet biti za našu djecu?

How many of us have children or grandchildren, nieces, nephews?

Koliko nas ima djecu, unučad, nećake, nećakinje?

Do we care about their future?

Marimo li za njihovu budućnost?

And if we care about their future, we, as the elite around the world,

Ako marimo, tada mi kao elitne skupine u cijelom svijetu

we can do something about it. We can make choices as to how we live each day.

možemo nešto učiniti u vezi toga. Možemo izabrati kako ćemo živjeti.

What we buy. What we wear.

Što ćemo kupovati. Što nositi.

And choose to make these choices with the question,

I sve te odluke donijeti imajući na umu pitanje

how will this affect the environment around me?

kako će to utjecati na okoliš oko mene?

How will it affect the life of my child when he or she grows up?

Kako će to utjecati na život mog djeteta kad ono odraste?

Or my grandchild, or whatever it is.

Ili na život moje unučadi, nije važno.

So the human brain, coupled with the human heart,

Moramo spojiti ljudski mozak ponovno s ljudskim srcem

and we join hands around the world.

i pružiti si ruke diljem svijeta.

And that's what TED is helping so well with, and Google who help us,

Zato nam TED puno pomaže, kao i Google,

and Esri are helping us with mapping in Gombe National Park.

i ESRI koji nam pomaže u maipiranju Nacionalnog parka Gombe.

All of these technologies we can use.

To je sve korisna tehnologija.

Now let's link them, and it's beginning to happen, isn't it?

Sve što trebamo je povezati ih međusobno i promjene se počinju događati, zar ne?

You've heard about it this afternoon. It's beginning to happen.

Čuli ste o tome ovo popodne. Ove promjene,

This change, this change. To see change

ove promjene koje se

that we must have if we care about the future.

moraju dogoditi ako nam je stalo do budućnosti.

And the next reason for hope -- nature is amazingly resilient.

Tu je i slijedeći razlog za nadu – činjenica da je priroda nevjerojatno elastična.

You can take an area that's absolutely destroyed,

Čak se i u potpunosti uništeno područje

with time and perhaps some help it can regenerate.

može s vremenom i malom pomoći regenerirati.

And an example is the TACARE program.

Jedan od primjera je i Take Care program.

I told you, where a seemingly dead tree stump --

Prividno odumrli panjevi,

if you stop hacking them for firewood,

ako ih prestanete cijepati za loženje vatre,

which you don't need to because you have wood lots,

što ionako ne trebate jer imate dosta drva,

then in five years you can have a 30-foot tree.

mogu u pet godina izrasti u oko 10 metara visoko drvo.

And animals, almost on the brink of extinction,

I životinjama na rubu izumiranja

can be given a second chance. That's my next book.

se može dati druga šansa. To je moja slijedeća knjiga.

It's inspiring. And it brings me to my last category of hope,

I to nadahnjuje. I dovodi me do zadnje kategorije nade –

and we've heard about this so much in the last two days:

o tome smo jako puno čuli u ova zadnja dva dana:

this indomitable human spirit. This determination of people,

nesavladivi ljudski duh. Ljudska odlučnost,

the resilience of the human spirit,

otpornost ljudskog duha

So that people who you would think would be battered by poverty,

koja pomaže ljudima koji bi možda trebali biti shrvani siromaštvom,

or disease, or whatever, can pull themselves up out of it,

bolešću ili nečime drugim da nadiđu svoje probleme,

sometimes with a helping hand, and take their part in society,

nekad uz malu pomoć, i da zauzmu svoje mjesto u društvu

and take their part in changing the world.

i svoju ulogu u mijenjanju svijeta.

And just to think of one or two people out of Africa who are just really inspiring.

Htjela bih samo spomenuti jedno-dvoje ljudi iz Afrike koji zaista nadahnjuju.

We could make a very long list,

Mogli bismo napraviti veoma dugačak popis,

but obviously Nelson Mandela, emerging from 17 years

ali očito treba spomenuti Nelsona Mandelu, koji je nakon 17 godina

of hard physical labor, 23 years of imprisonment,

teškog fizičkog rada i 23 godine zatvora

with this amazing ability to forgive, so that he could lead his nation

sačuvao čudesnu sposobnost praštanja i to sve kako bi izveo svoj narod

out the evil regime of apartheid without a bloodbath.

iz zla apartheida bez krvoprolića.

Ken Saro-Wiwa, in Nigeria, who took on the giant oil companies,

Zatim Ken Saro-Wiwa iz Nigerije koji je ustao protiv velikih naftnih kompanija

and although people around the world tried their best, was executed.

i, unatoč nastojanjima ljudi iz cijelog svijeta, bio pogubljen.

People like this are so inspirational.

Ljudi kao oni veliko su nadahnuće.

People like this are the role models we need for young Africans.

Oni su uzori kakve trebamo za mlade Afrikance.

And we need some environmental role models as well,

A trebamo i ekološke uzore također,

and I've been hearing some of them today.

o nekima danas i čujem.

So I'm really grateful for this opportunity to share this message

Baš zato sam i uistinu zahvalna što mogu podijeliti ovu poruku

again, with everyone at TED.

ovdje sa svima na TED-u.

And I hope that some of us can get together and talk about some of these things,

Nadam se da se možemo naći i popričati o nekim od ovih stvari,

especially the Roots and Shoots program.

pogotovo o Roots and Shoots programu.

And just a last word on that --

I još posljednja riječ o tome –

the young woman who's running this entire conference center,

danas sam srela djevojku koja vodi ovaj čitav konferencijski centar.

I met her today.

Upoznala sam je danas.

She came up so excited, with her certificate. She was [in] Roots and Shoots.

Prišla mi je, sva uzbuđena, sa svojom diplomom. Ona je sudjelovala u Roots and Shoots programu.

She was in the leadership in Dar es Salaam.

Radila je u vodstvu u Dar Es Salaamu

She said it's helped her to do what she's doing.

i rekla mi je da joj je to pomoglo u onome što sada radi.

And it was very, very exciting for me to meet her

Susresti ju za mene je bilo vrlo uzbudljivo

and see just one example of how young people,

jer to je samo jedan od primjera kako mladi ljudi,

when they are empowered, given the opportunity to take action,

kada im se podari moć, mogućnost da djeluju,

to make the world a better place,

da učine svijet boljim mjestom,

truly are our hope for tomorrow.

zaista jesu naša nada za sutrašnjicu.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)