Elaine Morgan says we evolved from aquatic apes

445,604 views ・ 2009-07-31

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Prevoditelj: Janko Mihelić Recezent: Vedran Dizdarevic
00:12
Well, this is 2009.
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Godina je 2009.
00:17
And it's the Bicentenary of Charles Darwin.
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I dvjestota je godišnjica rođenja Charlesa Darwina.
00:22
And all over the world, eminent evolutionists
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I po cijelom svijetu, znameniti evolucionisti
00:25
are anxious to celebrate this.
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ju uzbuđeno obilježuju.
00:27
And what they're planning to do is to enlighten us
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I namjeravaju osvijetliti
00:31
on almost every aspect
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gotovo svaki aspekt
00:33
of Darwin and his life,
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Darwina i njegovog života
00:35
and how he changed our thinking.
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i kako je promijenio način na koji razmišljamo.
00:37
I say almost every aspect,
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Kažem gotovo svaki aspekt,
00:40
because there is one aspect of this story
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jer postoji jedan aspekt ove priče
00:43
which they have thrown no light on.
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koji nisu osvijetlili.
00:46
And they seem anxious to skirt around it and step over it
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I čini se da ga stalno preskaču i obilaze
00:49
and to talk about something else.
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kako bi pričali o nečem drugom.
00:51
So I'm going to talk about it.
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Zato ću ja pričati o tome.
00:53
It's the question of, why are we so different from the chimpanzees?
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Pitanje je, zašto smo toliko drukčiji od čimpanzi?
00:59
We get the geneticists keeping on telling us
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Genetičari nam stalno pričaju
01:01
how extremely closely we are related -- hardly any genes of difference,
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kako smo izuzetno bliski, skoro bez razlike u genima,
01:05
very, very closely related.
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vrlo vrlo blisko srodni.
01:08
And yet, when you look at the phenotypes,
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Opet, kad se pogledaju fenotipovi
01:11
there's a chimp, there's a man;
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imamo čimpanzu, imamo čovjeka,
01:13
they're astoundingly different,
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zapanjujuče su različiti,
01:15
no resemblance at all.
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bez ikakvih sličnosti.
01:17
I'm not talking about airy-fairy stuff
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Ne govorim o nevidljivim stvarima
01:19
about culture or psychology, or behavior.
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o kulturi, psihologiji ili ponašanju.
01:23
I'm talking about ground-base, nitty-gritty,
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Govorim o temeljnim, suštinskim,
01:26
measurable physical differences.
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mjerljivim fizičkim razlikama.
01:28
They, that one,
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Onaj je dlakav
01:30
is hairy and walking on four legs.
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i hoda na četiri noge.
01:32
That one is a naked biped. Why?
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Ovaj je goli dvonožac. Zašto?
01:36
I mean --
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Mislim --
01:38
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:39
if I'm a good Darwinist, I've got to believe
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Ako sam dobar darvinist, moram vjerovati
01:41
there's a reason for that.
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da za to postoji razlog.
01:43
If we changed so much, something must have happened.
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Ako smo se toliko promijenili, nešto se moralo dogoditi.
01:46
What happened?
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Što se dogodilo?
01:48
Now 50 years ago, that was a laughably simple question.
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Prije 50 godina, to je bilo smiješno jednostavno pitanje.
01:51
Everybody knew the answer.
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Svi su znali odgovor.
01:53
They knew what happened.
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Znali su što se dogodilo.
01:55
The ancestor of the apes stayed in the trees;
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Preci majmuna ostali su u drveću.
01:57
our ancestors went out onto the plain.
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Naši preci prešli su na ravnicu.
02:00
That explained everything.
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To je sve objašnjavalo.
02:03
We had to get up on our legs to peer over the tall grass,
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Morali smo se dići na noge da bi vidjeli preko visoke trave,
02:06
or to chase after animals,
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ili da bi hvatali životinje,
02:08
or to free our hands for weapons.
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ili da bi oslobodili ruke za oružje.
02:10
And we got so overheated in the chase
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I toliko bi se pregrijavali loveći
02:14
that we had to take off that fur coat and throw it away.
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da smo morali odbaciti svoje krzno.
02:18
Everybody knew that, for generations.
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To su svi znali, generacijama.
02:21
But then, in the '90s, something began to unravel.
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Ali onda, devedesetih, nešto se počelo otkrivati.
02:25
The paleontologists themselves looked a bit more closely
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Paleontolozi su malo pomnije pregledali
02:29
at the accompanying microfauna
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popratnu mikrofaunu
02:33
that lived in the same time and place as the hominids.
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koja je živjela u isto vrijeme i na istom mjestu kao i hominidi.
02:37
And they weren't savanna species.
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I to nisu bila bića savane.
02:40
And they looked at the herbivores. And they weren't savanna herbivores.
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I pregledali su biljojede. I to nisu bili biljojedi savane.
02:44
And then they were so clever, they found a way to analyze
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I bili su toliko pametni, da su našli način analiziranja
02:47
fossilized pollen.
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fosiliziranog peluda.
02:49
Shock, horror.
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Šok, nevjerica.
02:51
The fossilized pollen was not of savanna vegetation.
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Fosilizirani pelud nije dio vegetacije savane.
02:56
Some of it even came from lianas,
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Dio je čak bio od lijana,
02:58
those things that dangle in the middle of the jungle.
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onih koje vise svuda po džungli.
03:01
So we're left with a situation where
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I tako smo došli u situaciju
03:03
we know that our earliest ancestors
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da znamo kako su se naši najraniji preci
03:07
were moving around on four legs in the trees,
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kretali na četiri noge po drveću,
03:11
before the savanna ecosystem even came into existence.
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prije nego je ekosustav savane uopće nastao.
03:16
This is not something I've made up.
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Ovo nisam ja izmislila.
03:19
It's not a minority theory.
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Ovo nije manjinska teorija.
03:21
Everybody agrees with it.
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Sa time se svi slažu.
03:23
Professor Tobias came over from South Africa
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Profesor Tobias je došao iz Južne Afrike
03:27
and spoke to University College London.
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i govorio na University College-u u Londonu.
03:30
He said, "Everything I've been telling you for the last 20 years,
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Rekao je, sve što sam vam govorio zadnjih 20 godina,
03:33
forget about it. It was wrong.
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zanemarite. Bio sam u krivu.
03:36
We've got to go back to square one and start again."
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Moramo se vratiti na početak i početi isponova.
03:40
It made him very unpopular. They didn't want to go back to square one.
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To ga je učinilo nepopularnim. Nisu se htjeli vratiti na početak.
03:46
I mean, it's a terrible thing to happen.
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Mislim, to što se dogodilo je grozno.
03:48
You've got this beautiful paradigm.
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Imate jednu dobru paradigmu.
03:51
You've believed it through generations.
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Vjerujete u nju generacijama.
03:53
Nobody has questioned it.
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Nitko ju ne dovodi u pitanje.
03:55
You've been constructing fanciful things on top of it,
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Nadograđivao si ju zgodnim stvarima,
03:59
relying on it to be as solid as a rock.
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oslanjajući se na nju kao na stijenu.
04:01
And now it's whipped away from under you.
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I sad ju izvuku pod tobom.
04:04
What do you do? What does a scientist do in that case?
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I što napraviš? Što znanstvenik u tom slučaju napravi?
04:07
Well, we know the answer because
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Pa znamo odgovor, jer je
04:09
Thomas S. Kuhn
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Thomas S. Kuhn
04:12
wrote a seminal treatise
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napisao poticajnu tezu
04:16
about this back in 1962.
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o tome 1962.
04:18
He said what scientists do
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Rekao je da
04:20
when a paradigm fails
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kada paradigma propadne,
04:24
is, guess what -- they carry on as if nothing had happened.
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znanstvenici nastave kao da se ništa nije dogodilo.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:30
If they haven't got a paradigm they can't ask the question.
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Ako nemaju paradigmu ne mogu postavljati pitanja.
04:33
So they say, "Yes it's wrong,
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Pa kažu, "Da, paradigma je kriva,
04:35
but supposing it was right ..."
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ali da nije ..."
04:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:39
And the only other option open to them
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I jedini izbor koji imaju
04:43
is to stop asking the questions.
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jest da prestanu pitati pitanja.
04:45
So that is what they have done now.
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I to su i napravili i ovaj put.
04:49
That's why you don't hear them talking about it. It's yesterday's question.
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Zato ne pričaju o tome. To je prošlo pitanje.
04:52
Some of them have even elevated it into a principle.
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Neki su čak iz toga napravili i princip.
04:55
It's what we ought to be doing.
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Time se moramo baviti.
04:57
Aaron Filler from Harvard said,
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Aaron Filler sa Harvarda je rekao,
05:00
"Isn't it time we stopped talking about selective pressures?
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"Nije li vrijeme da prestanemo pričati o selekcijskom pritisku?
05:04
I mean, why don't we talk about, well, there's chromosomes, and there's genes.
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Zašto ne bismo pričali o kromosomima i genima.
05:07
And we just record what we see."
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Pa da bilježimo ono što vidimo."
05:10
Charles Darwin must be spinning in his grave!
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Charles Darwin se okreće u grobu!
05:13
He knew all about that kind of science.
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On je znao sve o takvoj vrsti znanosti.
05:16
And he called it hypothesis-free science.
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On ju je zvao znanost bez hipoteza.
05:19
And he despised it from the bottom of his heart.
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I prezirao ju je iz dna duše.
05:22
And if you're going to say,
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I ako kažete,
05:25
"I'm going to stop talking about selective pressures,"
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"Neću više pričati o selekcijskim pritiscima,"
05:27
you can take "The Origin of Species" and throw it out of the window,
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možete uzeti "Podrijetlo vrsta" i baciti ga kroz prozor.
05:31
for it's about nothing else but selective pressures.
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Jer u tome piše jedino o selektivnim pritiscima.
05:33
And the irony of it is,
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A ironija jest u tome,
05:35
that this is one occasion of a paradigm collapse
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da je ovo rijedak slučaj pada paradigme
05:38
where we didn't have to wait for a new paradigm to come up.
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kada ne trebamo čekati pojavu nove paradigme.
05:42
There was one waiting in the wings.
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Postoji jedna i čeka na svoj red.
05:44
It had been waiting there since 1960
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Čeka u pozadini od 1960.
05:46
when Alister Hardy, a marine biologist,
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kad je Alister Hardy, morski biolog,
05:49
said, "I think what happened,
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rekao, "Mislim da su možda,
05:51
perhaps our ancestors
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naši preci
05:53
had a more aquatic existence
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dio vremena
05:55
for some of the time."
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provodili u vodenom okolišu."
05:58
He kept it to himself for 30 years.
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Držao je to za sebe 30 godina.
06:00
But then the press got hold of it and all hell broke loose.
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Ali onda su to saznale novine i nastao je kaos.
06:03
All his colleagues said, "This is outrageous.
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Svi njegovi kolege rekli su, "Ovo je nečuveno.
06:06
You've exposed us to public ridicule!
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Izložio si nas javnom ismijavanju!
06:10
You must never do that again."
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Nikada više to ne smiješ uraditi."
06:12
And at that time, it became set in stone:
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I od tada je uklesano u kamenu
06:15
the aquatic theory should be dumped
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vodena teorija se mora odbaciti
06:18
with the UFOs and the yetis,
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zajedno sa NLO-ima i jetijima,
06:20
as part of the lunatic fringe of science.
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kao dio ludih teorija u znanosti.
06:24
Well I don't think that.
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Ja nisam tako mislila.
06:26
I think that Hardy had a lot going for him.
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Mislim da je puno išlo u prilog Hardyevoj tezi.
06:28
I'd like to talk about just a handful
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Željela bih vam pričati o nekoliko,
06:31
of what have been called the
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što bi se reklo,
06:33
hallmarks of mankind,
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znakova čovječanstva.
06:35
the things that made us different from everybody else,
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Stvari koje nas razlikuju od svih drugih,
06:37
and all our relatives.
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i od svih naših predaka.
06:39
Let's look at our naked skin.
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Pogledajmo našu golu kožu.
06:43
It's obvious that most of the things we think about
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Očito je da većina bića
06:47
that have lost their body hair, mammals without body hair,
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koja su izgubila dlake na tijelu, sisavci bez tjelesnih dlaka,
06:50
are aquatic ones, like the dugong, the walrus,
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su vodena bića, kao gugong, morž,
06:53
the dolphin, the hippopotamus, the manatee.
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delfin, vodenkonj, morska krava.
06:57
And a couple of wallowers-in-mud like the babirusa.
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I nekoliko onih koji se valjaju u blatu, kao babyrousa.
07:03
And you're tempted to think, well perhaps,
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I vuče vas da pomislite,
07:05
could that be why we are naked?
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možda su zato goli?
07:08
I suggested it and people said, "No no no.
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To bih predložila, i ljudi bi rekli, "Ne ne ne.
07:10
I mean, look at the elephant.
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Pogledaj slona.
07:12
You've forgotten all about the elephant haven't you?"
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Zaboravila si na slona, zar ne?"
07:14
So back in 1982 I said,
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Još 1982. sam rekla,
07:17
"Well perhaps the elephant had an aquatic ancestor."
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"Pa možda slon ima vodenog pretka."
07:20
Peals of merry laughter!
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Svi su se smijali!
07:23
"That crazy woman. She's off again. She'll say anything won't she?"
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"Ta luda žena. Opet ona po svome."
07:26
But by now, everybody agrees that the elephant had an aquatic ancestor.
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Ali sada se svi slažu da je slon imao vodenog pretka.
07:32
This has come 'round to be that all those naked pachyderms
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I sve se vratilo na to da svi goli debelokošci
07:35
have aquatic ancestors.
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imaju vodenog pretka.
07:37
The last exception was supposed to be the rhinoceros.
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Zadnji izuzetak je bio nosorog.
07:39
Last year in Florida they found extinct ancestor of a rhinoceros
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Lani su u Floridi našli izumrlog pretka nosoroga
07:43
and said, "Seems to have spent most of its time in the water."
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i rekli, "Čini se da je većinu vremena provodio u vodi."
07:47
So this is a close connection between nakedness and water.
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Znači postoji bliska veza između golosti i vode.
07:52
As an absolute connection, it only works one way.
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Ali kao apsolutna veza; radi samo u jednom smjeru.
07:55
You can't say all aquatic animals are naked,
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Nisu sve vodene životinje gole.
07:59
because look at the sea otter.
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Jer imamo morsku vidru.
08:01
But you can say
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Ali može se reći
08:03
that every animal that has become naked
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da je svaka životinja koja je postala gola
08:07
has been conditioned by water, in its own lifetime,
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bila uvjetovana vodom, u svojem životnom vijeku
08:10
or the lifetime of its ancestors. I think this is significant.
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ili životnom vjeku svojih predaka. Mislim da je ovo značajno.
08:14
The only exception is the naked Somalian mole-rat,
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Jedina iznimka je gola Somalijska krtica.
08:18
which never puts its nose above the surface of the ground.
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Koja nikad ne izlazi na površinu.
08:22
And take bipedality.
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Pogledajmo dvonožnost.
08:24
Here you can't find anybody to compare it with,
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To ne možemo usporediti sa kojom životinjom.
08:27
because we're the only animal that walks upright on two legs.
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Jer smo jedina životinja koja hoda uspravno na dvije noge.
08:32
But you can say this: all the apes and all the monkeys
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Ali možemo reći i ovo, svi majmuni
08:35
are capable of walking on two legs,
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imaju sposobnost hodati na dvije noge,
08:37
if they want to, for a short time.
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ako žele, na kratko vrijeme.
08:39
There is only one circumstance in which they
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Postoji samo jedan slučaj u kojem oni,
08:42
always, all of them, walk on two legs,
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uvijek, svi, hodaju na dvije noge,
08:45
and that is when they are wading through water.
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a to je kad gaze kroz vodu.
08:48
Do you think that's significant?
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Mislite li da je to značajno?
08:50
David Attenborough thinks it's significant,
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David Attenborough misli da je značajno.
08:52
as the possible beginning of our bipedalism.
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Kao moguć začetak dvonožnosti.
08:56
Look at the fat layer.
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Pogledajmo sloj sala.
08:58
We have got, under our skin, a layer of fat, all over:
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Pod kožom imamo sloj sala, posvuda.
09:02
nothing in the least like that in any other primate.
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Ništa kao bilo koji drugi primat.
09:06
Why should it be there?
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Zašto ga imamo?
09:08
Well they do know, that if you look at other aquatic mammals,
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Znaju, da ako pogledamo druge vodene sisavce,
09:11
the fat that in most land mammals
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salo koje je kod kopnenih sisavaca
09:13
is deposited inside the body wall,
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naslagano unutar tijela,
09:16
around the kidneys and the intestines and so on,
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oko bubrega i crijeva i slično,
09:20
has started to migrate to the outside,
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se počelo kretati prema van,
09:22
and spread out in a layer inside the skin.
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te se nataložilo u sloju pod kožom.
09:26
In the whale it's complete:
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Kod kita je prešlo do kraja.
09:28
no fat inside at all, all in blubber outside.
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Nema sala unutra, svo je vani pod kožom.
09:31
We cannot avoid the suspicion
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Ne možemo zaobići pretpostavku
09:34
that in our case it's started to happen.
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da se to kod nas počelo događati.
09:37
We have got skin lined with this layer.
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Imamo sloj koji leži pod kožom.
09:41
It's the only possible explanation of why humans,
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To je jedino moguće objašnjenje zašto ljudi,
09:44
if they're very unlucky,
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ako nemaju sreće,
09:47
can become grossly obese,
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mogu postati pretjerano gojazni,
09:50
in a way that would be totally impossible for any other primate, physically impossible.
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na način koji je fizički nemoguć kod bilo kojeg drugog primata.
09:54
Something very odd, matter-of-factly, never explained.
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To je nešto vrlo čudno, i nikad objašnjeno.
09:58
The question of why we can speak.
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Pitanje zašto mi možemo govoriti.
10:00
We can speak.
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Možemo govoriti.
10:02
And the gorilla can't speak. Why?
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A gorila ne može. Zašto?
10:05
Nothing to do with his teeth or his tongue or his lungs or anything like that --
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To nema veze sa njezinim zubima, jezikom, plućima ili tako nečim.
10:09
purely has to do with its conscious control of its breath.
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To ima veze sa svjesnim kontroliranjem disanja.
10:14
You can't even train a gorilla to say "Ah" on request.
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Gorilu se ne može naučiti ni da kaže "Ah" na komandu.
10:19
The only creatures that have got conscious control of their breath
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Jedina bića koja imaju svjesnu kontrolu disanja
10:24
are the diving animals and the diving birds.
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su životinje i ptice koje rone.
10:27
It was an absolute precondition for our being able to speak.
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To je apsolutni preduvjet za mogućnost govora.
10:32
And then again, there is the fact that we are streamlined.
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Postoji i činjenica da smo aerodinamični.
10:36
Trying to imagine a diver
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Pokušajte zamisliti skakača u vodi
10:38
diving into water -- hardly makes a splash.
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koji kod ulaska u vodu jedva zapljusne.
10:40
Try to imagine a gorilla
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Pokušajte zamisliti gorilu
10:43
performing the same maneuver,
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da to isto napravi.
10:46
and you can see that, compared with gorilla,
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Možete vidjeti da je naša građa, u usporedbi sa gorilom,
10:48
we are halfway to being shaped like a fish.
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na pola puta da smo građeni kao riba.
10:51
I am trying to suggest that, for 40-odd years,
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Pokušavam reći da je već 40tak godina,
10:54
this aquatic idea has been miscategorized as lunatic fringe,
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ova vodena teorija pogrešno kategorizirana kao luda ideja,
10:59
and it is not lunatic fringe.
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a nije luda ideja.
11:02
And the ironic thing about it is that
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A ironija je u tome da
11:05
they are not staving off the aquatic theory
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oni ne sprječavaju vodenu teoriju
11:08
to protect a theory of their own,
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da bi zaštitili svoju teoriju,
11:10
which they've all agreed on, and they love.
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s kojom se svi slažu i svi vole.
11:12
There is nothing there.
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Te teorije nema.
11:14
They are staving off the aquatic theory
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Oni sprječavaju vodenu teoriju
11:16
to protect a vacuum.
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kako bi zaštitili vakuum.
11:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
11:21
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
11:26
How do they react when I say these things?
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Kako reagiraju kad kažem ove stvari?
11:29
One very common reaction I've heard about 20 times
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Česta reakcija koju sam čula dvadesetak puta
11:33
is, "But it was investigated.
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je, "Ali to je istraženo.
11:35
They conducted a serious investigation of this at the beginning,
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Provodili su ozbiljne studije o ovome na početku,
11:39
when Hardy put forward his article."
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kad je Hardy izdao svoj članak."
11:43
I don't believe it.
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Ne vjerujem u to.
11:46
For 35 years I've been looking for any evidence
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35 godina sam tražila dokaze
11:49
of any incident of that kind,
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o takvom slučaju
11:51
and I've concluded that that's one of the urban myths.
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i zaključila sam, da je to urbani mit.
11:54
It's never been done.
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To se nikad nije dogodilo.
11:57
I ask people sometimes, and they say,
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Ponekad pitam ljude, i oni kažu,
11:59
"I like the aquatic theory!
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"Sviđa mi se vodena teorija!
12:01
Everybody likes the aquatic theory.
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Svima se sviđa vodena teorija.
12:03
Of course they don't believe it, but they like it."
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Naravno da ne vjeruju u nju, ali im se sviđa."
12:05
Well I say, "Why do you think it's rubbish?"
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Onda ih pitam, "Zašto misliš da je pogrešna?"
12:09
They say "Well ...
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Oni kažu "Pa ...
12:11
everybody I talk to says it's rubbish.
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svi sa kojima pričam kažu da je pogrešna.
12:14
And they can't all be wrong, can they?"
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A ne mogu svi biti u krivu, zar ne?"
12:16
The answer to that, loud and clear, is, "Yes! They can all be wrong."
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Odgovor na to, jasan i glasan, je, "Da! Mogu svi biti u krivu."
12:20
History is strewn with the cases when they've all got it wrong.
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Povijest je prepuna slučajeva kad su svi u krivu.
12:24
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
12:32
And if you've got a scientific problem like that,
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I kada imate znanstveni problem poput ovoga,
12:34
you can't solve it by holding a head count,
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ne možete ga riješiti brojeći glasove,
12:37
and saying, "More of us say yes than say no."
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i zaključivanjem, "Više nas kaže da nego ne."
12:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:41
Apart from that, some of the heads count more than others.
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Osim toga, neki glasovi znače više od drugih.
12:45
Some of them have come over.
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Neki su došli preko.
12:48
There was Professor Tobias. He's come over.
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Kao Profesor Tobias. On je došao prijeko.
12:51
Daniel Dennett, he's come over.
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Daniel Dennett, on je došao prijeko.
12:53
Sir David Attenborough, he's come over.
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Sir David Attenborough, on je došao prijeko.
12:57
Anybody else out there? Come on in.
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Još netko? Slobodno uđite.
12:59
The water is lovely.
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Voda je ugodna.
13:01
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
13:04
And now we've got to look to the future.
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Sad moramo pogledati prema budućnosti.
13:09
Ultimately one of three things is going to happen.
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Na kraju će se dogoditi jedna od tri stvari.
13:13
Either they will go on for the next 40 years, 50 years, 60 years.
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Nastaviti će ovako slijedećih 40, 50, 60 godina.
13:18
"Yeah well we don't talk about that. Let's talk about something interesting."
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"Nećemo pričati o tome. Pričajmo o nečemu zanimljivom."
13:22
That would be very sad.
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To bi bilo jako tužno.
13:24
The second thing that could happen
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Druga stvar koja bi se mogla dogoditi
13:26
is that some young genius will arrive,
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jest da dođe kakav mladi genij,
13:28
and say, "I've found it.
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i kaže, "Našao sam.
13:30
It was not the savanna, it was not the water, it was this!"
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Nije bila savana, nije bila voda, bilo je ovo!"
13:34
No sign of that happening either.
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Nema znakova da će se to dogoditi.
13:37
I don't think there is a third option.
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Mislim da nema treće opcije.
13:39
So the third thing that might happen is
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Pa bi treća stvar koja bi se dogodila mogla biti
13:42
a very beautiful thing.
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jedna jako lijepa stvar.
13:45
If you look back at the early years of the last century,
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Ako pogledamo unazad na rane godine prošlog stoljeća,
13:48
there was a stand-off, a lot of bickering and bad feeling
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imali smo svađe i nerazumjevanje
13:52
between the believers in Mendel,
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između pobornika Mendela,
13:54
and the believers in Darwin.
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i pobornika Darwina.
13:57
It ended with a new synthesis:
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Završilo je novom sintezom.
14:00
Darwin's ideas and Mendel's ideas
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Darwinove i Mendelove ideje
14:03
blending together.
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stopile su se u jednu.
14:05
And I think the same thing will happen here.
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I mislim da će se isto dogoditi ovdje.
14:08
You'll get a new synthesis.
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Dobit ćemo novu sintezu.
14:11
Hardy's ideas and Darwin's ideas
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Hardyeve i Darwinove ideje
14:13
will be blended together.
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stopit će se u jednu.
14:15
And we can move forward from there,
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I onda možemo krenuti dalje,
14:17
and really get somewhere.
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i stvarno doći nekuda.
14:19
That would be a beautiful thing.
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To bi bilo jako lijepo.
14:22
It would be very nice for me if it happened soon.
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Meni bi bilo drago da se to desi uskoro.
14:25
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:36
Because I'm older now than George Burns was when he said,
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Jer sam starija od George Burnsa kad je rekao,
14:41
"At my age, I don't even buy green bananas."
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"U mojim godinama, više ne kupujem ni zelene banane."
14:45
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
14:51
So if it's going to come and it's going to happen,
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Zato ako će se to desiti,
14:54
what's holding it up?
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što ga zadržava?
14:56
I can tell you that in three words.
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Mogu vam to reći u tri riječi.
14:59
Academia says no.
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Akademija kaže ne.
15:03
They decided in 1960,
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Odlučili su 1960.,
15:05
"That belongs with the UFOs and the yetis."
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"To spada sa NLO-ima i jetijima."
15:08
And it's not easy to change their minds.
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A nije lako promijeniti njihovo mišljenje.
15:12
The professional journals
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Znanstveni časopisi
15:14
won't touch it with a barge pole.
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neće to taknuti ni štapom.
15:16
The textbooks don't mention it.
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Udžbenici to ne spominju.
15:19
The syllabus doesn't mention even the fact that we're naked,
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U nastavnom planu se ne spominje niti to da smo goli,
15:22
let alone look for a reason to it.
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a kamoli da traže razlog za to.
15:25
"Horizon," which takes its cue from the academics,
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"Horizon", koji sluša samo akademiju,
15:28
won't touch it with a barge pole.
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to ne želi dirati ni štapom.
15:30
So we never hear the case put for it,
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Zato nikada ne čujemo za taj slučaj,
15:34
except in jocular references
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osim u šaljivim referencama
15:37
to people on the lunatic fringe.
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na račun ljudi na granici ludila.
15:39
I don't know quite where this diktat comes from.
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Ne znam otkuda dolazi ovaj diktat.
15:45
Somebody up there
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Netko odozgo
15:47
is issuing the commandment,
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daje naredbe,
15:51
"Thou shalt not believe in the aquatic theory.
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"Ne smiješ vjerovati u vodenu teoriju."
15:55
And if you hope to make progress in this profession,
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I ako se nadaš napretku u ovom zanimanju,
15:58
and you do believe it, you'd better keep it to yourself,
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i vjeruješ u to, bolje da držiš to za sebe.
16:02
because it will get in your way."
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Jer će ti to smetati u napretku.
16:04
So I get the impression that some parts
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Zato imam osjećaj da se neki dijelovi
16:07
of the scientific establishment
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znanstvenog establišmenta
16:10
are morphing into a kind of priesthood.
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pretvaraju u neku vrstu svećenstva.
16:14
But you know, that makes me feel good,
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Ali znate, to me čini sretnom.
16:18
because Richard Dawkins has told us
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Jer Richard Dawkins je rekao
16:21
how to treat a priesthood.
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kako se odnosi prema svećenstvu.
16:23
(Laughter)
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(Smjeh)
16:25
He says, "Firstly, you've got to refuse to give it
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Rekao je, "Prvo im moraš uskratiti
16:28
all the excessive awe and reverence
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svo strahopoštovanje
16:31
it's been trained to receive."
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na koje su naučeni."
16:33
Right. I'll go ahead with that.
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Dobro. To ću napraviti.
16:35
And secondly, he says,
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I drugo, kaže,
16:37
"You must never be afraid to rock the boat."
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"Nikada se ne smiješ bojati dići prašinu."
16:40
I'll go along with that too.
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I to ću napraviti.
16:42
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
16:44
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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