When we design for disability, we all benefit | Elise Roy

Prevoditelj: Viktorija Đuđik Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

I'll never forget the sound

Nikad neću zaboraviti zvuk

of laughing with my friends.

smijeha s prijateljima.

I'll never forget the sound

Nikad neću zaboraviti zvuk

of my mother's voice right before I fell asleep.

majčinog glasa prije nego što bih zaspala.

And I'll never forget the comforting sound of water

I nikad neću zaboraviti utješni zvuk

trickling down a stream.

rominjanja vode u potoku.

Imagine my fear, pure fear,

Zamislite moj strah, čisti strah,

when, at the age of 10,

kad su mi, u dobi od 10 godina,

I was told I was going to lose my hearing.

rekli da ću izgubiti sluh.

And over the next five years,

I sljedećih pet godina

it progressed until I was classified as profoundly deaf.

se pogoršavalo dok nisam proglašena potpuno gluhom.

But I believe that losing my hearing

Ali vjerujem da je gubitak sluha

was one of the greatest gifts I've ever received.

jedan od najvećih darova koje sam dobila.

You see, I get to experience the world in a unique way.

Naime, imam priliku iskusiti svijet na jedinstven način.

And I believe that these unique experiences

I vjerujem da će nam jedinstvena iskustva

that people with disabilities have

koja imaju osobe s invaliditetom

is what's going to help us make and design a better world

pomoći da napravimo i osmislimo bolji svijet

for everyone -- both for people with and without disabilities.

za sve -- za osobe sa i bez invaliditeta.

I used to be a disability rights lawyer,

Bila sam odvjetnica prava osoba s invaliditetom

and I spent a lot of my time focused on enforcing the law,

i puno vremena sam provela provodeći zakon,

ensuring that accommodations were made.

kako bi se provele prilagodbe.

And then I had to quickly learn international policy,

Zatim sam morala brzo naučiti međunarodnu politiku

because I was asked to work on the UN Convention

jer su me zamoliti da radim na Konvenciji UN-a

that protects people with disabilities.

koja štiti osobe s invaliditetom.

As the leader of the NGO there,

Kao vođa tamošnje nevladine organizacije

I spent most of my energy trying to convince people

većinu energije sam potrošila pokušavajući uvjeriti ljude

about the capabilities of people with disabilities.

u mogućnosti osoba s invaliditetom.

But somewhere along the way,

Ali negdje usput,

and after many career transitions

i nakon mnogih promjena karijera

that my parents weren't so happy about --

koje nisu veselile moje roditelje --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I stumbled upon a solution

nabasala sam na rješenje

that I believe may be an even more powerful tool

za koje vjerujem da je još snažniji alat

to solve some of the world's greatest problems,

za rješavanje nekih najvećih svjetskih problema,

disability or not.

vezanih i nevezanih za invalidnost.

And that tool is called design thinking.

Taj alat se zove stvaralačko mišljenje.

Design thinking is a process for innovation and problem solving.

Stvaralačko mišljenje je proces za inovacije i rješavanje problema.

There are five steps.

Sastoji se od 5 koraka.

The first is defining the problem

Prvi je definiranje problema

and understanding its constraints.

i razumijevanje njegovih ograničenja.

The second is observing people in real-life situations

Drugi je promatranje ljudi u okolnostima iz stvarnog života

and empathizing with them.

i suosjećanje s njima.

Third, throwing out hundreds of ideas -- the more the better,

Treće, izbacivanje stotina ideja -- što više to bolje,

the wilder the better.

što luđe to bolje.

Fourth, prototyping: gathering whatever you can,

Četvrto, stvaranje prototipa: skupite sve što možete,

whatever you can find,

što god možete pronaći,

to mimic your solution, to test it

kako biste oponašali svoje rješenje, testirali ga

and to refine it.

i usavršili.

And finally, implementation:

I na kraju implementacija:

ensuring that the solution you came up with is sustainable.

utvrđivanje da je rješenje koje ste smislili održivo.

Warren Berger says that design thinking teaches us to look sideways,

Warren Berger kaže da nas stvaralaško mišljenje uči gledati sa strane,

to reframe, to refine, to experiment

da prevladamo, usavršimo, eksperimentiramo

and, probably most importantly,

i vjerojatno najvažnije,

ask those stupid questions.

postavimo ta glupa pitanja.

Design thinkers believe that everyone is creative.

Stvaralački mislioci vjeruju da su svi kreativni.

They believe in bringing people from multiple disciplines together,

Vjeruju u okupljanje ljudi iz raznih disciplina

because they want to share multiple perspectives

jer žele podijeliti više perspektiva,

and bring them together and ultimately merge them

približiti ih i na kraju ih spojiti

to form something new.

kako bi stvorili nešto novo.

Design thinking is such a successful and versatile tool

Stvaralačko mišljenje je tako uspješan i svestran alat

that it has been applied in almost every industry.

da se primjenjuje u gotovo svakoj industriji

I saw the potential that it had for the issues I faced,

Vidjela sam njegov potencijal za probleme s kojima sam se susrela

so I decided to go back to school

stoga sam se odlučila vratiti u školu

and get my master's in social design.

i diplomirati društveni dizajn.

This looks at how to use design to create positive change in the world.

On razmatra kako kreireati pozitivne promjene u svijetu.

While I was there,

Dok sam bila tamo

I fell in love with woodworking.

zaljubila sam se u obradu drva.

But what I quickly realized

Ali brzo sam shvatila

was that I was missing out on something.

da nešto propuštam.

As you're working with a tool,

Dok radiš s alatom,

right before it's about to kick back at you --

točno prije nego što se trzne --

which means the piece or the tool jumps back at you --

što znači da se dio alata naglo pomakne prema vama --

it makes a sound.

on načini zvuk.

And I couldn't hear this sound.

A ja nisam mogla čuti taj zvuk.

So I decided,

Stoga sam odlučila,

why not try and solve it?

pokušati to popraviti.

My solution was a pair of safety glasses

Moje rješenje bile su sigurnosne naočale

that were engineered to visually alert the user

izrađene tako da vizualno upozore korisnika

to pitch changes in the tool,

na promjene zvuka alata

before the human ear could pick it up.

prije nego što ih ljudsko uho čuje.

Why hadn't tool designers thought of this before?

Zašto se dizajneri alata nisu toga sjetili?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Two reasons: one, I was a beginner.

Dva razloga: prvi, ja sam bila početnica.

I wasn't weighed down by expertise or conventional wisdom.

Nisu me sputavale stručnost i uvriježene mudrosti.

The second is: I was Deaf.

Drugi: ja sam gluha.

My unique experience of the world helped inform my solution.

Moj jedinstveni doživljaj svijeta pomogao mi je oblikovati rješenje.

And as I went on, I kept running into more and more solutions

I kako sam išla dalje, nailazila sam na sve više rješenja

that were originally made for people with disabilities,

koja su prvotno bila namijenjena ljudima s invaliditetom,

and that ended up being picked up,

a zatim su ih pokupili,

embraced and loved by the mainstream,

prihvatili i zavoljeli svi ostali,

disability or not.

s invaliditetom i bez.

This is an OXO potato peeler.

Ovo je OXO nož za guljenje krumpira.

It was originally designed for people with arthritis,

Dizajniran je za osobe s artritisom,

but it was so comfortable, everybody loved it.

ali je bio tako udoban da su ga svi zavoljeli.

Text messaging: that was originally designed for people who are Deaf.

Slanje tekstualnih poruka: zamišljeno je za Gluhe.

And as you know, everybody loves that, too.

I kao što znate, i to svi vole.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I started thinking:

Razmišljala sam:

What if we changed our mindset?

Što ako promijenimo način razmišljanja?

What if we started designing for disability first --

Što kad bismo dizajnirali za invaliditet --

not the norm?

umjesto za standard?

As you see, when we design for disability first,

Kao što vidite, kad dizajniramo za invalidnost,

we often stumble upon solutions that are not only inclusive,

često naiđemo na rješenja koja su ne samo inkluzivna

but also are often better than when we design for the norm.

nego su često i bolja od onih kad dizajniramo za normu.

And this excites me,

I to me uzbuđuje,

because this means that the energy it takes to accommodate someone

jer znači da se energija potrebna za prilagodbu

with a disability

osobe s invaliditetom

can be leveraged, molded and played with

može pomaknuti, oblikovati i preusmjeriti

as a force for creativity and innovation.

kao snaga za kreativnost i inovaciju.

This moves us from the mindset of trying to change the hearts

To nas odvodi od nastojanja da promijenimo mišljenja

and the deficiency mindset of tolerance,

i nedostatak tolerantnog razmišljanja,

to becoming an alchemist,

do toga da postajemo alkemisti,

the type of magician that this world so desperately needs

vrsta čarobnjaka kojeg ovaj svijet očajnički treba

to solve some of its greatest problems.

da riješi njegove najveće probleme.

Now, I also believe

Također vjerujem

that people with disabilities have great potential to be designers

da osobe s invaliditetom imaju veliki potencijal da postanu dizajneri

within this design-thinking process.

u ovom procesu stvaralačkog mišljenja.

Without knowing it, from a very early age,

Ne znajući, od vrlo rane dobi

I've been a design thinker, fine-tuning my skills.

sam razmišljala stvaralački, usavršavajući svoje vještine.

Design thinkers are, by nature, problem solvers.

Stvaralačkim misliocima je u prirodi da pronalaze rješenja.

So imagine listening to a conversation

Zamislite da slušate razgovor

and only understanding 50 percent of what is said.

i razumijete samo pola izgovorenog.

You can't ask them to repeat every single word.

Ne možete pitati da vam ponove svaku riječ.

They would just get frustrated with you.

Naljutili bi se na vas.

So without even realizing it,

Ne znajući sam,

my solution was to take the muffled sound I heard,

došla do rješenja tako da sam prigušeni zvuk koji sam čula,

that was the beat,

to su bili otkucaji,

and turn it into a rhythm and place it with the lips I read.

pretvorila u ritam i smjestila na usne s kojih sam čitala.

Years later, someone commented that my writing had a rhythm to it.

Nekoliko godina poslije, netko je rekao da moje pisanje ima ritma.

Well, this is because I experience conversations as rhythms.

Pa, to je zato što razgovore doživljavam kao ritam.

I also became really, really good at failing.

Postala sam dobra i u neuspjehu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Quite literally.

Posve doslovno.

My first semester in Spanish, I got a D.

Prvi semestar španjolskog, dobila sam 2.

But what I learned was that when I picked myself up

Ali sam naučila da ću, nakon što se oporavim od neuspjeha

and changed a few things around,

i promijenim neke stvari,

eventually, I succeeded.

na kraju i uspjeti.

Similarly, design thinking encourages people to fail

Slično tomu, stvaralačko mišljenje potiče ljude na neuspjeh,

and fail often,

i to često,

because eventually, you will succeed.

jer će na kraju uspjeti.

Very few great innovations in this world

Vrlo malo inovacija na svijetu

have come from someone succeeding on the first try.

je nastalo iz prvog pokušaja.

I also experienced this lesson in sports.

To sam doživjela i u sportu.

I'll never forget my coach saying to my mom,

Nikad neću zaboraviti kad je trener rekao mojoj mami

"If she just didn't have her hearing loss,

"Da samo nije izgubila sluh,

she would be on the national team."

bila bi u reprezentaciji."

But what my coach, and what I didn't even know at the time,

Ali moj trener, a ni ja nisam tada znala,

was that my hearing loss actually helped me excel at sports.

da će mi gubitak sluha pomoći u sportu.

You see, when you lose your hearing, not only do you adapt your behavior,

Vidite, kad izgubite sluh, ne samo da prilagodite ponašanje

but you also adapt your physical senses.

nego prilagodite i osjetila.

One example of this

Jedan primjer toga je

is that my visual attention span increased.

što mi se povećao raspon vizualne pažnje.

Imagine a soccer player, coming down the left flank.

Zamislite da nogometaš trči lijevom stranom igrališta.

Imagine being goalkeeper, like I was,

Zamislite da ste golman, kao ja,

and the ball is coming down the left flank.

i lopta vam dolazi s lijeve strane.

A person with normal hearing would have the visual perspective of this.

Osoba s normalnim sluhom imala bi ovoliku vizualnu percepciju.

I had the benefit of a spectrum this wide.

Ja sam imala ovako širok spektar.

So I picked up the players over here,

Stoga sam pokupila igračice ovdje,

that were moving about and coming down the field.

koje su se kretale i dolazile.

And I picked them up quicker, so that if the ball was passed,

Ja sam ih pokupila brže, i kako je lopta prolazila

I could reposition myself and be ready for that shot.

mogla sam se premjestiti i biti spremna na udarac.

So as you can see,

Kao što možete vidjeti,

I've been a design thinker for nearly all my life.

bila sam stvaralački mislilac gotovo cijeli život.

My observation skills have been honed so that I pick up on things

Moje vještine promatranja su se tako izbrusile da sam vidjela stvari

that others would never pick up on.

koje bi svi drugi propustili.

My constant need to adapt has made me a great ideator

Zbog stalne potrebe za prilagođavanjem imam velike ideje

and problem solver.

i rješavam probleme.

And I've often had to do this within limitations and constraints.

Često sam to morala činiti unutar granica i ograničenja.

This is something that designers also have to deal with frequently.

To je nešto s čim se kreatori često susreću.

My work most recently took me to Haiti.

Moj rad me nedavno odveo na Haiti.

Design thinkers often seek out extreme situations,

Stvaralački mislioci često traže ekstremne situacije,

because that often informs some of their best designs.

jer iz njih često nastaju najbolje konstrukcije.

And Haiti -- it was like a perfect storm.

A Haiti -- bio je poput savršene oluje.

I lived and worked with 300 Deaf individuals

Živjela sam i radila s 300 Gluhih osoba

that were relocated after the 2010 earthquake.

koje su bile preseljene nakon potresa 2010.

But five and a half years later,

Ali pet i pol godina poslije,

there still was no electricity;

još nisu imale električnu energiju,

there still was no safe drinking water;

još nije bilo sigurne pitke vode,

there were still no job opportunities;

još nije bilo poslovnih prilika,

there was still rampant crime, and it went unpunished.

još su bile visoke stope kriminala koje su prolazile nekažnjene.

International aid organizations came one by one.

Organizacije međunarodne pomoći dolazile su jedna za drugom.

But they came

Ali došle su

with pre-determined solutions.

s unaprijed određenim rješenjima.

They didn't come ready to observe and to adapt

Nisu došle spremne promatrati i prilagoditi se

based on the community's needs.

potrebama zajednice.

One organization gave them goats and chickens.

Jedna organizacija im je dala koze i kokoši.

But they didn't realize

Ali nije znala

that there was so much hunger in that community,

da je glad u toj zajednici bila tolika

that when the Deaf went to sleep at night and couldn't hear,

da kad su Gluhi noću otišli spavati i nisu čuli,

people broke into their yards and their homes

drugi su im provalili u dvorišta i domove

and stole these chickens and goats,

i ukrali te kokoši i koze

and eventually they were all gone.

i s vremenom su sve nestale.

Now, if that organization had taken the time

Da su te organizacije odvojile vrijeme

to observe Deaf people, to observe the community,

i promatrale Gluhe osobe, promatrale zajednicu,

they would have realized their problem

shvatile bi problem

and perhaps they would have come up with a solution,

i možda bi smislile rješenje,

something like a solar light,

nešto kao solarno svjetlo,

lighting up a secure pen to put them in at night

koje bi osvjetljavalo kavez u koji bi se životinje smjestile noću

to ensure their safety.

kako bi bile sigurne.

You don't have to be a design thinker

Ne morate biti stvaralački mislilac

to insert the ideas I've shared with you today.

da biste ubacili ideje koje sam danas podijelila s vama.

You are creative.

Vi ste kreativni.

You are a designer --

Vi ste stvaraoci --

everyone is.

svi su.

Let people like me help you.

Dopustite osobama poput mene da vam pomognu.

Let people with disabilities help you look sideways,

Dopustite osobama s invalidnošću da vam pomognu gledati sa strane,

and in the process,

i tada

solve some of the greatest problems.

riješe neke od najvećih problema.

That's it. Thank you.

To je to. Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)