A lesson on looking | Amy Herman

Prevoditelj: Ines Rad Recezent: Sanda L

Take a look at this work of art.

Pogledajte ovo umjetničko djelo.

What is it that you see?

Što vidite?

At first glance, it looks to be a grandfather clock

Na prvi pogled izgleda kao stojeći sat

with a sheet thrown over it

prekriven plahtom,

and a rope tied around the center.

užetom svezanim po sredini.

But a first look always warrants a second.

Ali prvi pogled nije dovoljan.

Look again.

Pogledajte ponovno.

What do you see now?

Što sada vidite?

If you look more closely,

Ako pogledate pažljivije,

you'll realize that this entire work of art

shvatit ćete da je ovo umjetničko djelo

is made from one piece of sculpture.

izrađeno iz jednog komada.

There is no clock,

Nema sata,

there is no rope,

nema užeta,

and there is no sheet.

nema plahte.

It is one piece of bleached Honduras mahogany.

Jedan je komad izbijeljenog honduraškog mahagonija.

Now let me be clear:

Da pojasnim:

this exercise was not about looking at sculpture.

poanta ove vježbe nije u promatranju skulpture.

It's about looking

Poanta je u promatranju

and understanding that looking closely can save a life,

i spoznaji da pozorno promatranje može spasiti život,

change your company

promijeniti vašu tvrtku,

and even help you understand why your children behave the way they do.

čak i pomoći da razumijete određena ponašanja vaše djece.

It's a skill that I call visual intelligence,

To je vještina koju zovem vizualna inteligencija.

and I use works of art to teach everybody,

Koristim umjetnička djela da poučim svakoga,

from everyday people to those for whom looking is the job,

od običnih ljudi do onih kojima je promatranje posao,

like Navy SEALs and homicide detectives and trauma nurses.

poput mornaričkih specijalnih postrojbi, detektiva i medicinskih sestara.

The fact is that no matter how skilled you might be at looking,

Bez obzira na razvijenost vaše sposobnosti promatranja,

you still have so much to learn about seeing.

i dalje imate toliko toga za naučiti o uočavanju.

Because we all think we get it in a first glance and a sudden flash,

Jer svi mislimo da smo sve shvatili prvim letimičnim pogledom,

but the real skill is in understanding how to look slowly

ali prava vještina krije se u sposobnosti pozornog

and how to look more carefully.

i pažljivog promatranja.

The talent is in remembering --

Talent je sjetiti se,

in the crush of the daily urgencies that demand our attention --

u stisci svakodnevnih sitnica koje zahtijevaju našu pažnju,

to step back and look through those lenses to help us see

da zastanemo i pogledamo iz druge perspektive i vidimo

what we've been missing all along.

što nam je dotad promicalo.

So how can looking at painting and sculpture help?

Kako nam promatranje slika i skulptura može u tome pomoći?

Because art is a powerful tool.

Jer umjetnost je koristan alat.

It's a powerful tool that engages both sight and insight

Koristan je alat koji uključuje i gledanje i shvaćanje

and reframes our understanding of where we are and what we see.

te produbljuje naše shvaćanje samih sebe i onoga što vidimo.

Here's an example of a work of art

Ovo je primjer umjetničkog djela

that reminded me that visual intelligence --

koje me podsjetilo da je vizualna inteligencija

it's an ongoing learning process

proces neprestanog učenja

and one that really is never mastered.

i nikad nije u potpunosti usvojena.

I came across this quiet, seemingly abstract painting,

Nabasala sam na ovu mirnu, naizgled apstraktnu sliku

and I had to step up to it twice,

i morala sam joj pristupiti dvaput,

even three times,

čak triput,

to understand why it resonated so deeply.

da shvatim zašto ostavlja tako dubok dojam.

Now, I've seen the Washington Monument in person thousands of times,

Tisuću sam puta iz prve ruke vidjela spomenik Georgeu Washingtonu,

well aware of the change in the color of marble a third of the way up,

svjesna da je na gornjoj trećini boja mramora drugačija,

but I had never really looked at it out of context

ali nikad ga nisam promotrila izvan konteksta

or truly as a work of art.

ili kao umjetničko djelo.

And here, Georgia O'Keeffe's painting of this architectural icon made me realize

A zbog ove slike Georgie O'Keeffe s prikazom tog arhitektonskog čuda,

shvatila sam da je, ako se potrudimo,

that if we put our mind to it,

it's possible to see everyday things

moguće svakodnevne stvari vidjeti

in a wholly new and eye-opening perspective.

iz potpuno nove i iznenađujuće perspektive.

Now, there are some skeptics that believe that art just belongs in an art museum.

Naravno, postoje i skeptici koji vjeruju da je umjetnosti mjesto samo u muzejima.

They believe that it has no practical use beyond its aesthetic value.

Vjeruju da, osim estetske, nema nikakvu praktičnu vrijednost.

I know who they are in every audience I teach.

Znam tko su u svakoj publici koju poučavam.

Their arms are crossed, their legs are crossed,

Sjede prekriženih ruku, prekriženih nogu,

their body language is saying,

njihov govor tijela kaže:

"What am I going to learn from this lady who talks fast

"Što ja imam za naučiti od ove gospođe koja brblja

about painting and sculpture?"

o slikama i skulpturama?"

So how do I make it relevant for them?

Na koji način njima dokazujem važnost umjetnosti?

I ask them to look at this work of art,

Zamolim ih da pogledaju umjetničko djelo,

like this portrait by Kumi Yamashita.

kao što je ovaj portret Kumija Yamashitae.

And I ask them to step in close,

I zamolim ih da priđu bliže,

and even closer still,

još bliže,

and while they're looking at the work of art,

i da promatrajući umjetničko djelo

they need to be asking questions about what they see.

preispituju ono što vide.

And if they ask the right questions,

A ako postave prava pitanja, kao:

like, "What is this work of art?

"Što je ovo umjetničko djelo?"

Is it a painting? Is it a sculpture?

"Je li slika? Skulptura?"

What is it made of?" ...

"Od čega je načinjeno?"

they will find out that this entire work of art

otkrit će da je ovo umjetničko djelo

is made of a wooden board,

načinjeno od drvene daske,

10,000 nails

10 000 čavala

and one unbroken piece of sewing thread.

i jedne neprekinute šivaće niti.

Now that might be interesting to some of you,

To će nekima od vas možda biti zanimljivo,

but what does it have to do with the work that these people do?

ali kakve to veze ima s poslovima koje ti ljudi obavljaju?

And the answer is everything.

Ima, itekakve.

Because we all interact with people multiple times on a daily basis,

Jer svi mi više puta u danu dolazimo u kontakt s ljudima

and we need to get better at asking questions

i ključno je da naučimo propitivati

about what it is that we see.

što to točno vidimo.

Learning to frame the question in such a way

Sposobnost postavljanja pitanja

as to elicit the information that we need to do our jobs,

kojima ćemo doći do informacija ključnih za obavljanje posla,

is a critical life skill.

temeljna je životna vještina.

Like the radiologist who told me

Poput radiologinje koja mi je rekla

that looking at the negative spaces in a painting

da joj je promatranje negativnih prostora na slikama

helped her discern more discreet abnormalities in an MRI.

pomoglo razaznati teže uočljive nepravilnosti na MR snimkama.

Or the police officer who said that understanding the emotional dynamic

Ili policajca koji je rekao mu je razumijevanje emocionalnih odnosa

between people in a painting

ljudi na slikama

helped him to read body language at a domestic violence crime scene,

pomoglo u čitanju govora tijela u slučajevima obiteljskog nasilja

and it enabled him to think twice before drawing and firing his weapon.

i potaklo ga da dvaput promisli prije potezanja obarača.

And even parents can look to see absences of color in paintings

I roditelji mogu, proučavajući odsutnost boja na slikama,

to understand that what their children say to them

shvatiti da je ono što im djeca govore

is as important as what they don't say.

jednako važno kao i ono što ne govore.

So how do I --

Dakle, kako...

how do I train to be more visually intelligent?

kako uvježbati vizualnu inteligenciju?

It comes down to four As.

Svodi se na četiri stavke.

Every new situation, every new problem --

U svakoj novoj situaciji, kod svakog novog problema,

we practice four As.

primjenjujemo te četiri stavke.

First, we assess our situation.

Prvo, procijenimo situaciju.

We ask, "What do we have in front of us?"

Zapitamo se: "Što se nalazi ispred nas?"

Then, we analyze it.

Zatim je analiziramo.

We say, "What's important?

Pitamo: "Što je važno?"

What do I need? What don't I need?"

"Što mi treba? Što mi ne treba?"

Then, we articulate it in a conversation, in a memo, in a text, in an email.

Zatim to artikuliramo, u razgovoru, dopisu, tekstu, e-mailu.

And then, we act: we make a decision.

Konačno, djelujemo: donesemo odluku.

We all do this multiple times a day,

Svi ovo činimo više puta u danu,

but we don't realize what a role seeing and looking plays

ali ne shvaćamo ulogu promatranja i viđenja

in all of those actions,

u svim tim koracima,

and how visual intelligence can really improve everything.

niti kako vizualna inteligencija može sve poboljšati.

So recently, I had a group of counterterrorism officials

Nedavno sam dovela grupu protuterorističkih službenika

at a museum in front of this painting.

u muzej pred ovu sliku.

El Greco's painting, "The Purification of the Temple,"

El Grecovu sliku "Krist tjera trgovce iz hrama",

in which Christ, in the center, in a sweeping and violent gesture,

na kojoj Krist, u središtu, žestokim potezom ruke

is expelling the sinners from the temple of prayer.

izbacuje grešnike iz hrama.

The group of counterterrorism officials had five minutes with that painting,

Protuteroristički službenici imali su samo pet minuta

and in that short amount of time, they had to assess the situation,

da na slici procijene situaciju,

analyze the details,

analiziraju detalje,

articulate what, if anything,

artikuliraju što bi, ako išta,

they would do if they were in that painting.

učinili da se nalaze ondje.

As you can imagine, observations and insights differed.

Kao što možete zamisliti, zaključci i mišljenja razlikovali su se.

Who would they talk to?

Kome bi se obratili?

Who would be the best witness?

Tko bi bio najbolji svjedok?

Who was a good potential witness?

Dobri potencijalni svjedoci?

Who was lurking?

Tko se kreće sumnjivo?

Who had the most information?

Tko ima najviše informacija?

But my favorite comment came from a seasoned cop

Meni najdraži komentar dao je iskusan policajac

who looked at the central figure and said,

koji je pogledao središnji lik i rekao:

"You see that guy in the pink?" --

"Vidite onoga u ružičastom?"

referring to Christ --

misleći na Krista,

he said, "I'd collar him, he's causing all the trouble."

"Njega bih priveo, on je sve zakuhao."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So looking at art gives us a perfect vehicle to rethink how we solve problems

Dakle, promatranjem umjetničkih djela otkrivamo nove načine rješavanja problema

without the aid of technology.

bez pomoći tehnologije.

Looking at the work of Felix Gonzalez-Torres,

Ako pogledate djelo Felixa Gonzaleza-Torresa,

you see two clocks in perfect synchronicity.

vidjet ćete dva savršeno usklađena sata.

The hour, minute and second hand perfectly aligned.

Kazaljke sata, minute i sekunde savršeno usklađene.

They are installed side by side and they're touching,

Postavljeni su jedan pored drugoga i dodiruju se.

and they are entitled "'Untitled' (Perfect Lovers)."

Naziv djela je "Bez naslova (Savršeni ljubavnici)".

But closer analysis makes you realize

Ali dubljom analizom shvatimo

that these are two battery-operated clocks,

da ovi satovi rade na baterije,

which in turn makes you understand --

što nas vodi do spoznaje:

"Hey, wait a minute ...

"Čekaj, samo malo,

One of those batteries is going to stop before the other.

jedna od baterija potrošit će se prije druge.

One of those clocks is going to slow down and die before the other

Jedan od satova usporit će i stati prije drugoga,

and it's going to alter the symmetry of the artwork."

nakon čega djelo više neće biti simetrično.

Just articulating that thought process

Sama artikulacija tog toka misli

includes the necessity of a contingency plan.

vodi do potrebe za pričuvnim planom.

You need to have contingencies for the unforeseen,

Moramo imati pričuvne planove za nepredviđeno,

the unexpected and the unknown,

neočekivano i nepoznato,

whenever and however they may happen.

kad god i kako god se takvo što dogodi.

Now, using art to increase our visual intelligence

Stoga, korištenje umjetničkih djela za poboljšanje vizualne inteligencije

involves planning for contingencies,

uključuje planiranje za neočekivano,

understanding the big picture and the small details

shvaćanje šire slike i najsitnijih detalja,

and noticing what's not there.

i uočavanje onoga što nedostaje.

So in this painting by Magritte,

Na ovoj Magritteovoj slici,

noticing that there are no tracks under the train,

uočivši da ispod vlaka nema tračnica,

there is no fire in the fireplace

da nema vatre u kaminu,

and there are no candles in the candlesticks

niti svijeća u svijećnjaku,

actually more accurately describes the painting

točnije ćemo opisati sliku

than if you were to say, "Well, there's a train coming out of a fireplace,

neko kao: "Na slici je vlak koji izlazi iz kamina

i svijećnjaci iznad njega."

and there are candlesticks on the mantle."

It may sound counterintuitive to say what isn't there,

Isticanje onoga čega nema možda nije naš prvi instinkt,

but it's really a very valuable tool.

ali je jako koristan alat.

When a detective who had learned about visual intelligence

Kad je detektiv obučen o vizualnoj inteligenciji

pozvan na mjesto događaja

in North Carolina

was called to the crime scene,

u Sjevernoj Karolini,

it was a boating fatality,

na mjesto pomorske nesreće,

and the eyewitness told this detective that the boat had flipped over

svjedoci su mu ispričali da se brod prevrnuo,

and the occupant had drowned underneath.

a putnici se utopili ispod njega.

Now, instinctively, crime scene investigators look for what is apparent,

Instinktivno, istražitelji traže vidljive tragove,

but this detective did something different.

ali ovaj je detektiv postupio drugačije.

He looked for what wasn't there, which is harder to do.

Tražio je ono čega nema, što nije lako učiniti.

And he raised the question:

Zapitao se:

if the boat had really tipped flipped over --

ako se brod doista prevrnuo,

as the eyewitness said that it did --

kako tvrde svjedoci,

how come the papers that were kept at one end of the boat

kako su onda papiri spremljeni na kraju broda

were completely dry?

potpuno suhi?

Based on that one small but critical observation,

Na temelju tog malog, ali ključnog detalja,

the investigation shifted from accidental death to homicide.

tijek istrage je promijenjen iz nesretnog slučaja na ubojstvo.

Now, equally important to saying what isn't there

Nadalje, jednako je važna i sposobnost

is the ability to find visual connections where they may not be apparent.

pronalaska vizualnih poveznica koje nisu očite na prvi pogled.

Like Marie Watt's totem pole of blankets.

Poput totemskog stupa od prekrivača Marie Watt.

It illustrates that finding hidden connections in everyday objects

Dokaz je to da pronalazak skrivenih veza u svakodnevnim predmetima

can resonate so deeply.

može ostaviti dubok dojam.

The artist collected blankets from all different people

Umjetnica je prikupila prekrivače od različitih ljudi

in her community,

u svojoj zajednici

and she had the owners of the blankets write, on a tag,

i zamolila vlasnike da na papiriće zapišu

the significance of the blanket to the family.

značaj tog prekrivača za njihovu obitelj.

Some of the blankets had been used for baby blankets,

Nekima od njih prekrivale su se bebe,

some of them had been used as picnic blankets,

neki su korišteni za piknike,

some of them had been used for the dog.

neki za pse.

We all have blankets in our homes

Svi u svojim kućama imamo prekrivače

and understand the significance that they play.

i shvaćamo njihovu važnost.

But similarly, I instruct new doctors:

Na isti način upućujem mlade liječnike

when they walk into a patient's room,

da, ušavši u pacijentovu sobu,

before they pick up that medical chart,

prije nego u ruke uzmu pacijentov karton,

just look around the room.

pogledaju oko sebe.

Are there balloons or cards,

Ima li balona ili čestitki?

or that special blanket on the bed?

Posebnog prekrivača na krevetu?

That tells the doctor there's a connection to the outside world.

To liječniku ukazuje na poveznicu s vanjskim svijetom.

If that patient has someone in the outside world

Ako pacijent ima nekoga izvan bolnice

to assist them and help them,

tko će mu pripomoći i pružiti ruku,

the doctor can implement the best care with that connection in mind.

s tim u vidu, liječnik može pripisati najprikladniju terapiju.

In medicine, people are connected as humans

U medicini pojedinci stupaju u kontakt kao ljudi,

before they're identified as doctor and patient.

prije nego što su obilježeni kao liječnik i pacijent.

But this method of enhancing perception --

Ali ova metoda poboljšavanja percepcije

it need not be disruptive,

ne mora biti smetnja

and it doesn't necessitate an overhaul in looking.

i ne podrazumijeva potpunu promjenu načina gledanja.

Like Jorge Méndez Blake's sculpture of building a brick wall

Skulptura Jorgea Méndeza Blakea,

zid od opeke podignut nad Kafkinom knjigom "Dvorac",

above Kafka's book "El Castillo"

shows that more astute observation can be subtle and yet invaluable.

dokazuje da pronicljivo opažanje može biti suptilno, ali neprocjenjivo.

You can discern the book,

Vidi se knjiga

and you can see how it disrupted the symmetry

i vidi se narušena simetrija opeka

of the bricks directly above it,

točno iznad nje,

but by the time you get to the end of the sculpture,

ali kad dođete do kraja skulpture,

you can no longer see the book.

više ne vidite knjigu.

But looking at the work of art in its entirety,

Ali kad pogledom u cijelosti obuhvatite umjetničko djelo,

you see that the impact of the work's disruption on the bricks

vidite da je utjecaj narušenog niza opeka

is nuanced and unmistakable.

suptilan, ali bjelodan.

One thought,

Jedna misao,

one idea,

jedna ideja,

one innovation can alter an approach,

jedna inovacija, može promijeniti pristup,

change a process

izmijeniti proces

and even save lives.

pa i spasiti život.

I've been teaching visual intelligence for over 15 years,

Već više od 15 godina poučavam o vizualnoj inteligenciji

and to my great amazement and astonishment --

i na moje veliko iznenađenje i čuđenje,

to my never-ending astonishment and amazement,

na moje beskrajno čuđenje i iznenađenje,

I have seen that looking at art with a critical eye

uvjerila sam se da kritički pogled na umjetnička djela

can help to anchor us in our world of uncharted waters,

pomaže nam u pronalasku oslonca u našem nepredvidljivom svijetu,

whether you are a paramilitary trooper,

bilo da ste vojnik u paravojnim postrojbama,

a caregiver, a doctor or a mother.

njegovatelj, liječnica ili majka.

Because let's face it, things go wrong.

Jer, budimo iskreni, stvari znaju poći po krivu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Things go wrong.

Stvari pođu po krivu.

And don't misunderstand me,

Nemojte me krivo shvatiti,

I'd eat that doughnut in a minute.

pojela bih tu krafnu bez oklijevanja,

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But we need to understand the consequences of what it is that we observe,

ali moramo razumjeti posljedice primijećenog

and we need to convert observable details into actionable knowledge.

i primijećene detalje pretvoriti u primjenjivo znanje.

Like Jennifer Odem's sculpture of tables standing sentinel

Poput skulptura Jennifer Odem, stolova koji poput stražara

on the banks of the Mississippi River

stoje na obali rijeke Mississippi

in New Orleans,

u New Orleansu,

guarding against the threat of post-Katrina floodwaters

podignuti nakon uragana Katrina, štite od opasnih poplavnih voda

and rising up against adversity,

i odupiru se nedaćama,

we too have the ability to act affirmatively

i mi imamo mogućnost afirmativno djelovati

and affect positive change.

i potaknuti pozitivne promjene.

I have been mining the world of art

U svijetu umjetnosti tražim materijal

to help people across the professional spectrum

da pomognem ljudima svih zanimanja

to see the extraordinary in the everyday,

da vide neobično u svakodnevnom,

to articulate what is absent

artikuliraju što nedostaje

and to be able to inspire creativity and innovation,

te potiču kreativnost i inovaciju,

no matter how small.

koliko god neznatne bile.

And most importantly,

I najvažnije,

to forge human connections where they may not be apparent,

da grade međuljudske odnose koji možda nisu na prvi pogled očiti,

empowering us all to see our work and the world writ large

potičući sve nas da gledamo na svoj posao i na svijet općenito

with a new set of eyes.

iz nove perspektive.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)