David Bolinsky: Visualizing the wonder of a living cell

Prevoditelj: Ivan Majstorovic Recezent: Dunja Vucenovic

I'm a medical illustrator,

Ja sam medicinski ilustrator,

and I come from a slightly different point of view.

i dolazim iz malo drugačije perspektive.

I've been watching, since I grew up,

Za vrijeme odrastanja, promatrao sam,

the expressions of truth and beauty in the arts

istinu i ljepotu u umjetnosti

and truth and beauty in the sciences.

i istinu i ljepotu u znanosti.

And while these are both wonderful things in their own right --

I dok su oboje čudesne same po sebi --

they both have very wonderful things going for them --

oboje sadrže i svoja čudesa --

truth and beauty as ideals that can be looked at by the sciences

istina i ljepota kao ideali koje možemo promatrati pomoću znanosti

and by math are almost like the ideal conjoined twins

i matematike su kao savršeni Sijamski blizanci

that a scientist would want to date.

s kojima bi znanstvenik želio izlaziti.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

These are expressions of truth as awe-full things,

Ovo su izrazi istine kroz čudesa,

by meaning they are things you can worship.

tj. stvari vrijedne štovanja.

They are ideals that are powerful. They are irreducible.

To su ideali koji su moćni, koji su nesvodljivi,

They are unique. They are useful --

koji su jedinstveni, koji su korisni --

sometimes, often a long time after the fact.

ponekad, često tek nakon mnogo vremena.

And you can actually roll some of the pictures now,

Možete pustiti neke od slika sad,

because I don't want to look at me on the screen.

jer ne želim da samo mene gledate na ekranu.

Truth and beauty are things

Istina i ljepota su stvari

that are often opaque to people who are not in the sciences.

koje su često zamućene ljudima izvan znanosti.

They are things that describe beauty in a way

To su stvari koje opisuju ljepotu na način

that is often only accessible if you understand the language

koji je često pristupačan samo ako razumijete jezik

and the syntax of the person

i sintaksu osobe koja proučava

who studies the subject in which truth and beauty is expressed.

temu u kojoj su istina i ljepota izražene.

If you look at the math, E=mc squared,

Ako pogledate matematiku, E=mc na kvadrat,

if you look at the cosmological constant,

ako pogledate kozmološku konstantu,

where there's an anthropic ideal, where you see that life had to evolve

tamo gdje je antropički ideal, gdje vidite da je život morao evoluirati

from the numbers that describe the universe --

iz brojeva koji opisuju svemir --

these are things that are really difficult to understand.

to su stvari koje je stvarno teško razumijeti.

And what I've tried to do

A ono što sam ja pokušao napraviti

since I had my training as a medical illustrator --

otkad sam izučio medicinsku ilustraciju --

since I was taught animation by my father,

otkad me otac koji je bio kipar i moj vizualni mentor,

who was a sculptor and my visual mentor --

naučio animaciji --

I wanted to figure out a way to help people

želio sam pronaći način da pomognem ljudima

understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences

da razumiju istinu i ljepotu u biološkim znanostima

by using animation, by using pictures, by telling stories

pomoću animacije, korištenjem slika i pričanjem priča.

so that the things that are not necessarily evident to people

Tako da se stvari koje nisu nužno ljudima očite

can be brought forth, and can be taught, and can be understood.

mogu prikazati, naučiti i razumijeti.

Students today are often immersed in an environment

Studenti su danas često uronjeni u okolinu

where what they learn is subjects that have truth and beauty

u kojoj uče teme koje imaju istinu i ljepotu

embedded in them, but the way they're taught is compartmentalized

sadržane u sebi, ali način na koje ih uče je segmentiran i

and it's drawn down to the point where the truth and beauty

toliko detaljan da istina i ljepota

are not always evident.

nisu uvijek očite.

It's almost like that old recipe for chicken soup

To je poput onog starog recepta za pileću juhu,

where you boil the chicken until the flavor is just gone.

u kojem kuhate pile sve dok okus ne nestane.

We don't want to do that to our students.

Mi to ne želimo učiniti svojim studentima.

So we have an opportunity to really open up education.

Zato imamo mogućnost stvarno otvoriti obrazovanje.

And I had a telephone call from Robert Lue at Harvard,

Primio sam telefonski poziv od Roberta Luea s Harvarda,

in the Molecular and Cellular Biology Department,

iz Zavoda za molekularnu i staničnu biologiju,

a couple of years ago. He asked me if my team and I

prije nekoliko godina. Pitao me da li bi moj tim i ja

would be interested and willing to really change

bili zainteresirani i voljni stvarno promjeniti

how medical and scientific education is done at Harvard.

način medicinskog i znanstvenog obrazovanja na Harvardu.

So we embarked on a project that would explore the cell --

Stoga, krenuli smo s projektom koji bi istražio stanicu,

that would explore the truth and beauty inherent

koji bi istražio istinu i ljepotu sadržanu

in molecular and cellular biology

u molekularnoj i staničnoj biologiji

so that students could understand a larger picture

tako da bi studenti mogli shvatiti veću sliku

that they could hang all of these facts on.

na koju bi mogli nadovezati sve te činjenice.

They could have a mental image of the cell

Mogli bi imati mentalnu sliku stanice

as a large, bustling, hugely complicated city

kao veliki, živi, strašno složeni grad

that's occupied by micro-machines.

kojeg nastanjuju mikro-strojevi.

And these micro-machines really are at the heart of life.

Ti mikro-strojevi su ti koji su u srcu života.

These micro-machines,

Ti mikro-strojevi,

which are the envy of nanotechnologists the world over,

koji su zavist nanotehnologa iz cijelog svijeta,

are self-directed, powerful, precise, accurate devices

su samo-upravljajući, moćni, precizni, točni uređaji

that are made out of strings of amino acids.

koji su napravljeni od lanaca aminokiselina.

And these micro-machines power how a cell moves.

Ti mikro-strojevi pogone kretanje stanice,

They power how a cell replicates. They power our hearts.

pogone replikaciju stanice, pogone naša srca,

They power our minds.

pogone naše umove.

And so what we wanted to do was to figure out

Zato, ono što smo željeli shvatiti jest

how we could make this story into an animation

kako pretvoriti ovu priču u animaciju

that would be the centerpiece of BioVisions at Harvard,

koja bi bila osnova za BioVisions na Harvardu,

which is a website that Harvard has

koji je web stranica na Harvardu

for its molecular and cellular biology students

namjenjena za studente molekularne i stanične biologije

that will -- in addition to all the textual information,

koja bi -- uz sve tekstualne informacije,

in addition to all the didactic stuff --

uz svu didaktiku --

put everything together visually, so that these students

spojila sve vizualno, tako da bi ovi studenti

would have an internalized view of what a cell really is

imali internu sliku onoga što stanica zapravo jest

in all of its truth and beauty, and be able to study

u svoj svojoj istini i ljepoti, te imali mogućnost učenja

with this view in mind, so that their imaginations would be sparked,

sa tom slikom u glavi, kako bi im potaknuli maštu,

so that their passions would be sparked

kako bi im potaknuli strasti

and so that they would be able to go on

i kako bi oni mogli nastaviti

and use these visions in their head to make new discoveries

i koristiti ove slike u svojim umovima za nova otkrića

and to be able to find out, really, how life works.

i kako bi mogli saznati kako život zapravo radi.

So we set out by looking at how these molecules are put together.

I tako smo započeli sa razmatranjem kako su sve ove molekule spojene.

We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages

Radili smo s temom, koja je u osnovi, imate te makrofage

that are streaming down a capillary,

koji putuju kapilarom,

and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall,

dodiruju površinu kapilarnog zida,

and they're picking up information from cells

dobijaju informacije od stanica

that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information

koje su na kapilarnom zidu, te informacije im govore

that there's an inflammation somewhere outside,

da postoji upala negdje vani,

where they can't see and sense.

gdje oni ne mogu vidjeti i osjetiti.

But they get the information that causes them to stop,

Ali dobiju informaciju koja uzrokuje da stanu,

causes them to internalize that they need to make

uzrokuju da shvate da moraju djelovati

all of the various parts that will cause them to change their shape,

na svoje pojedine dijelove kako bi promjenili svoj oblik,

and try to get out of this capillary and find out what's going on.

i pokušali izaći iz tih kapilara te shvatili što se događa.

So these molecular motors -- we had to work

Stoga, ovi molekularni motori -- morali smo raditi

with the Harvard scientists and databank models

sa znanstvenicima na Harvardu i podatkovnim modelima

of the atomically accurate molecules

atomski preciznih molekula

and figure out how they moved, and figure out what they did.

i saznati kako se one kreću i što zapravo rade.

And figure out how to do this in a way

I saznati kako to učiniti na način

that was truthful in that it imparted what was going on,

koji bi davao vjernu predodžbu stvarnih događaja,

but not so truthful that the compact crowding in a cell

ali ne tako preciznu predodžbu te kompaktne gužve u stanici

would prevent the vista from happening.

koja bi spriječila stvaranje te mentalne slike.

And so what I'm going to show you is a three-minute

I zato, ono što ću vam pokazati je trominutna,

Reader's Digest version of the first aspect of this film

sažeta verzija prvog dijela filma

that we produced. It's an ongoing project

koji smo napravili. To je projekt koji još traje

that's going to go another four or five years.

i koji će trajati još četiri ili pet godina.

And I want you to look at this

Želim da pogledate ovo

and see the paths that the cell manufactures --

i vidite puteve koje stanica proizvodi --

these little walking machines, they're called kinesins --

mali hodajući strojevi, zovu se kinezini --

that take these huge loads

uzimaju ogromne terete

that would challenge an ant in relative size.

koji bi bili izazov i mravu s obzirom na relativnu veličinu.

Run the movie, please.

Pokrenite film, molim.

But these machines that power the inside of the cells

Ali ovi strojevi koji napajaju unutrašnjost stanice

are really quite amazing, and they really are the basis of all life

su zapravo stvarno zadivljujući i oni su zapravo osnova svog života.

because all of these machines interact with each other.

Zato što svi ti strojevi interaktiraju međusobno.

They pass information to each other.

Prenose informacije jedan drugom,

They cause different things to happen inside the cell.

uzrokuju različite stvari da se dogode u stanici.

And the cell will actually manufacture the parts that it needs

I stanica će zapravo proizvesti one dijelove koje treba

on the fly, from information

u hodu, iz informacija

that's brought from the nucleus by molecules that read the genes.

koje dobiva iz nukleusa od molekula koje čitaju gene.

No life, from the smallest life to everybody here,

Niti jedan oblik života, od najmanjeg pa do svih nas ovdje,

would be possible without these little micro-machines.

ne bi bio moguć bez ovih malih mikro-strojeva.

In fact, it would really, in the absence of these machines,

Zapravo, bez ovih malih strojeva,

have made the attendance here, Chris, really quite sparse.

posjećenost konferencije, Chris, bila bi iznimno mala.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Music)

(Glazba)

This is the FedEx delivery guy of the cell.

Ovo je poštar dostavljač u stanici:

This little guy is called the kinesin,

ovaj malac se zove kinezin,

and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins

i on vuče vreću koja je puna novo napravljenih proteina

to wherever it's needed in the cell --

do mjesta gdje su potrebni u stanici --

whether it's to a membrane, whether it's to an organelle,

bilo da se radi o membrani ili organeli,

whether it's to build something or repair something.

bilo da se radi o gradnji nečega novog ili nekog popravka.

And each of us has about 100,000 of these things

I svatko od nas ima oko 100,000 ovih stvari

running around, right now,

trče naokolo, upravo sada,

inside each one of your 100 trillion cells.

u svakoj od naših 100 trilijuna stanica.

So no matter how lazy you feel,

Stoga, bez obzira koliko se lijeni osjećali,

you're not really intrinsically doing nothing.

zapravo uvijek radite nešto.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So what I want you to do when you go home

Stoga, ono što želim da učinite kad dođete doma

is think about this, and think about how powerful our cells are.

jest da razmislite o ovome, i razmislite koliko su naše stanice zapravo moćne,

And think about some of the things

i razmislite o nekim stvarima

that we're learning about cellular mechanics.

koje učimo o staničnoj mehanici.

Once we figure out all that's going on --

Jednom kad shvatimo sve što se događa --

and believe me, we know almost a percent of what's going on --

a vjerujte mi, znamo gotovo jedan posto od svega što se događa --

once we figure out what's going on,

jednom kad to shvatimo,

we're really going to be able to have a lot of control

stvarno ćemo imati znatnu kontrolu

over what we do with our health,

nad svojim zdravljem,

with what we do with future generations,

nad budućim generacijama,

and how long we're going to live.

nad životnim vijekom.

And hopefully we'll be able to use this

I nadam se da ćemo moći koristiti ovo

to discover more truth, and more beauty.

za otkrivanje još istina i još ljepote.

(Music)

(Glazba)

But it's really quite amazing that these cells, these micro-machines,

Ali zapravo je stvarno zadivljujuće da su ove stanice, ti mikro-strojevi,

are aware enough of what the cell needs that they do their bidding.

dovoljno svjesni potreba stanice da bi radili posao za njih.

They work together. They make the cell do what it needs to do.

Rade zajedno; čine stanicu da radi ono što treba raditi.

And their working together helps our bodies --

I njihov zajednički rad pomaže našim tijelima --

huge entities that they will never see -- function properly.

ogromnim jedinkama koje nikad neće vidjeti -- da rade pravilno.

Enjoy the rest of the show. Thank you.

Uživajte u ostatku konferencije. Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)