David Bolinsky: Visualizing the wonder of a living cell

206,561 views ・ 2007-07-24

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Myunggi Moon κ²€ν† : Jungsoo Kim
00:25
I'm a medical illustrator,
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μ €λŠ” μ˜ν•™ μ „λ¬Έ μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄ν„°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
and I come from a slightly different point of view.
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 쑰금 λ‹€λ₯Έ 관점을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž λ‚˜μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
I've been watching, since I grew up,
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μ €λŠ” μ–΄λ €μ„œλΆ€ν„° 예술이 μ „ν•˜λŠ” 진리와 아름닀움,
00:34
the expressions of truth and beauty in the arts
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그리고 과학이 μ „ν•˜λŠ” 진리와 아름닀움을
00:38
and truth and beauty in the sciences.
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λˆˆμ—¬κ²¨ λ΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
And while these are both wonderful things in their own right --
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예술과 κ³Όν•™ 각각은 κ·Έ 자체둜 κ²½μ΄λ‘­μ§€λ§Œ,
00:43
they both have very wonderful things going for them --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄μ„œλ„ μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ 큰 영ν–₯을 μ£Όκ³  λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
truth and beauty as ideals that can be looked at by the sciences
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과학적인 사싀을
00:52
and by math are almost like the ideal conjoined twins
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예술적으둜 μ΄μƒν™”ν•œ 진리와 아름닀움은
00:57
that a scientist would want to date.
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λ™μ „μ˜ μ–‘λ©΄μ²˜λŸΌ ν™˜μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬λŠ” ν•œ μŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:02
These are expressions of truth as awe-full things,
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μ΄μƒν™”λœ ν‘œν˜„μ€ λ†€λΌμš΄ κ²ƒμ΄μ–΄μ„œ
01:07
by meaning they are things you can worship.
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κ·Έ 자체둜 μˆ­λ°°λ°›μ„ 자격이 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
They are ideals that are powerful. They are irreducible.
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μ•„μ£Ό κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³ , κ³Όν•™μ˜ 근간을 이루고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
They are unique. They are useful --
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λ…νŠΉν•˜λ©°, μœ μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
sometimes, often a long time after the fact.
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그것듀이 μœ μš©ν•΄μ§€λŠ” μ‹œμ μ€ ν•œμ°Έ λ’€μΌμ§€λΌλ„μš”.
01:20
And you can actually roll some of the pictures now,
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이제 λ™μ˜μƒμ„ ν‹€μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
01:22
because I don't want to look at me on the screen.
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화면이 얼꡴이 λΉ„μΉ˜λ‹ˆ λ―Όλ§ν•˜λ„€μš”.
01:26
Truth and beauty are things
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κ³Όν•™μ˜ 진싀과 아름닀움은
01:28
that are often opaque to people who are not in the sciences.
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ν•΄λ‹Ή μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“  κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
They are things that describe beauty in a way
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κ³Όν•™μ˜ 진싀과 아름닀움은
01:39
that is often only accessible if you understand the language
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μ „λ¬Έ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ 
01:44
and the syntax of the person
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κ·Έ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ
01:46
who studies the subject in which truth and beauty is expressed.
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그것을 이해할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
If you look at the math, E=mc squared,
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μˆ˜ν•™μ˜ 경우λ₯Ό 예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄ E=mc2μ΄λΌλŠ” 곡식이 있고
01:52
if you look at the cosmological constant,
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우주 μƒμˆ˜μ˜ κ²½μš°λ„ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
where there's an anthropic ideal, where you see that life had to evolve
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우주의 κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 μž…μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
02:00
from the numbers that describe the universe --
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생λͺ…이 μ§„ν™”ν•œ 과정을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 이둠을 보더라도
02:03
these are things that are really difficult to understand.
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이런 것은 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° ꡉμž₯히 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
And what I've tried to do
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μ €λŠ” μ˜ν•™ μ „λ¬Έ μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄ν„°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
since I had my training as a medical illustrator --
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저희 μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” μ‘°κ°κ°€μ΄μž 제 μ „κ³΅μ˜ μ‘°μ–Έμžμ˜€μœΌλ©°
02:09
since I was taught animation by my father,
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μ €μ—κ²Œ μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ£Όμ‹  λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
who was a sculptor and my visual mentor --
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μ œκ°€ μ‹œλ„ν•˜λŠ” 것은
02:16
I wanted to figure out a way to help people
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μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜μ„ 톡해 κ·Έλ¦Όκ³Ό 이야기λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ—¬
02:20
understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences
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일반인이 생λͺ… κ³Όν•™μ˜ 진리와 아름닀움을
02:24
by using animation, by using pictures, by telling stories
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μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
so that the things that are not necessarily evident to people
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그럼으둜써 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λͺ…백해보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 사싀듀도
02:32
can be brought forth, and can be taught, and can be understood.
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ν•¨κ»˜ λ…Όμ˜ν•  수 있고, κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  수 있고, 이해할 수 있기λ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
Students today are often immersed in an environment
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μ–΄λ¦° 학생듀이 λ°°μš°λŠ” ν•™λ¬Έμ—λŠ” λΆ„λͺ… 진리와 아름닀움이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:42
where what they learn is subjects that have truth and beauty
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  그런 학문을 배울 λ•Œμ—λŠ” 학문을 κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ 배우기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:47
embedded in them, but the way they're taught is compartmentalized
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  그런 학문을 배울 λ•Œμ—λŠ” 학문을 κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ 배우기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:52
and it's drawn down to the point where the truth and beauty
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ꡐ윑 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·Έ ν•™λ¬Έμ˜ 진리와 아름닀움이
02:57
are not always evident.
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항상 λͺ…λ°±νžˆ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
It's almost like that old recipe for chicken soup
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κ³Όμœ λΆˆκΈ‰μ΄λž€ 말이 μžˆλ“―μ΄
03:01
where you boil the chicken until the flavor is just gone.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”ν•˜λ‹€ λ³΄λ‹ˆκΉŒ ν₯미둭지 μ•Šμ•„λ³΄μ΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
We don't want to do that to our students.
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μ–΄λ¦° ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό μ£Όκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
So we have an opportunity to really open up education.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이런 κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό λͺ¨μƒ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
And I had a telephone call from Robert Lue at Harvard,
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μˆ˜λ…„ μ „, ν•˜λ²„λ“œ λŒ€ν•™ λΆ„μž 세포 μƒλ¬Όν•™κ³Όμ˜
03:15
in the Molecular and Cellular Biology Department,
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 루 κ΅μˆ˜λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ „ν™”λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
a couple of years ago. He asked me if my team and I
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저와 μ €μ˜ λ™λ£Œλ“€μ—κ²Œ
03:21
would be interested and willing to really change
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ν•˜λ²„λ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ˜ μ˜ν•™κ³Ό κ³Όν•™ ꡐ윑 방식을
03:25
how medical and scientific education is done at Harvard.
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바꿔보지 μ•Šκ² λƒκ³  μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
So we embarked on a project that would explore the cell --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €ν¬λŠ”, 학생듀이 세포λ₯Ό νƒμ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£Όκ³ 
03:33
that would explore the truth and beauty inherent
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λΆ„μž 세포 생물학 고유의 진리와 아름닀움을 κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ”
03:36
in molecular and cellular biology
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ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
so that students could understand a larger picture
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이것을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ, 그듀이 λ°°μš°λŠ” 사싀듀을 μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
03:41
that they could hang all of these facts on.
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큰 그림을 κ·Έλ €μ£Όκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
They could have a mental image of the cell
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세포에 λŒ€ν•œ 마음 μ†μ˜ 이미지λ₯Ό,
03:47
as a large, bustling, hugely complicated city
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λ―Έμ„Έν•œ κΈ°κ³„λ‘œ 가득찬 κ±°λŒ€ν•˜κ³  λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λ„μ‹œλΌλŠ”
03:55
that's occupied by micro-machines.
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κ°œλ… μ •λ„λ‘œ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 말이죠.
03:57
And these micro-machines really are at the heart of life.
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이 λ―Έμ„Έν•œ κΈ°κ³„λŠ” 생λͺ…μ˜ 근원이라고 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
These micro-machines,
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ‚˜λ…Έ κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€μ˜ μ£Ό 탐ꡬ λŒ€μƒμΈ
04:01
which are the envy of nanotechnologists the world over,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ―Έμ„Έ 기계듀은
04:05
are self-directed, powerful, precise, accurate devices
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μ•„λ―Έλ…Έμ‚° μ‚¬μŠ¬λ‘œ 이루어져 있으며
04:12
that are made out of strings of amino acids.
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자발적이며, κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³ , μ •ν™•ν•œ μž₯μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
And these micro-machines power how a cell moves.
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이 λ―Έμ„Έ 기계듀은,
04:19
They power how a cell replicates. They power our hearts.
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세포가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 움직이며, 세포가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λΆ„μ—΄ν•˜λŠ” κ°€λ₯Ό μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λ©°,
04:24
They power our minds.
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심μž₯을 λ›°κ²Œλ„ ν•˜λ©°, 우리의 정신이 μž‘λ™ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
And so what we wanted to do was to figure out
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³ λ―Όν–ˆλ˜ 것은
04:30
how we could make this story into an animation
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이 이야기λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
that would be the centerpiece of BioVisions at Harvard,
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이 μ• λ‹ˆλ©”μ΄μ…˜μ— 기쑴의 κ΅κ³Όμ„œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ”ν•œ μžλ£ŒλŠ”
04:37
which is a website that Harvard has
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ν•˜λ²„λ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ˜ λΆ„μž 세포 생물학 학생듀이 μ—΄λžŒν•˜λŠ”
04:41
for its molecular and cellular biology students
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μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμΈ λ°”μ΄μ˜€ λΉ„μ Όμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 쀑심을 이루게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
that will -- in addition to all the textual information,
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이λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 학생듀이 λͺ¨λ“  정보λ₯Ό μ‹œκ°μ μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬
04:48
in addition to all the didactic stuff --
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세포가 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨μŠ΅μΌ 지에 λŒ€ν•œ
04:50
put everything together visually, so that these students
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마음 μ†μ˜ 이미지λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
would have an internalized view of what a cell really is
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세포가 λ‹΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 진리와 아름닀움을
04:57
in all of its truth and beauty, and be able to study
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λΉ„λ‘œμ†Œ 이해할 수 있게 λ˜λŠ” 것이죠.
05:01
with this view in mind, so that their imaginations would be sparked,
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이 이미지λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ, ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 상상λ ₯이 μ΄‰λ°œλ  것이며
05:05
so that their passions would be sparked
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ—΄μ • λ˜ν•œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
and so that they would be able to go on
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κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°œκ²¬μ„ μ΄λ£©ν•˜λŠ” 데 이 이미지가 큰 도움이 될 것이며.
05:10
and use these visions in their head to make new discoveries
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λΉ„λ‘œμ†Œ, κ³Όμ—° 생λͺ…이 무엇인지λ₯Ό
05:14
and to be able to find out, really, how life works.
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λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
So we set out by looking at how these molecules are put together.
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세포 λ‚΄μ˜ λ―Έμ„Έ 기계듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‘°λ¦½λ˜λŠ” 지가 ν•΅μ‹¬μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages
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κ°€μƒμ˜ 상황을 μ •ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
05:30
that are streaming down a capillary,
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λŒ€μ‹μ„Έν¬κ°€ λͺ¨μ„Έν˜ˆκ΄€ μ•ˆμ„ λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©΄μ„œ
05:32
and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall,
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λͺ¨μ„Έν˜ˆκ΄€λ²½κ³Ό μ ‘μ΄‰ν•˜λ©° λͺ¨μ„Έν˜ˆκ΄€ λ‚΄ν”Όμ„Έν¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 정보λ₯Ό λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
and they're picking up information from cells
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λŒ€μ‹μ„Έν¬κ°€ 직접 보지 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:37
that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information
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λŒ€μ‹μ„Έν¬κ°€ 직접 보지 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:41
that there's an inflammation somewhere outside,
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ν˜ˆκ΄€ λ°– μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— 염증이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 정보λ₯Όμš”.
05:44
where they can't see and sense.
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ν˜ˆκ΄€ λ°– μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— 염증이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 정보λ₯Όμš”.
05:46
But they get the information that causes them to stop,
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이 정보λ₯Ό λ°›μœΌλ©΄ λŒ€μ‹μ„Έν¬λŠ” 멈μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
causes them to internalize that they need to make
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그리고 세포 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λ³€ν˜•μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
05:53
all of the various parts that will cause them to change their shape,
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μ„Έν¬λŠ” 정보λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬ 세포 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬ μž‘μš©μ„ μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
and try to get out of this capillary and find out what's going on.
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μ„Έν¬μ˜ ν˜•νƒœκ°€ λ³€ν•˜λ©΄ μ„Έν¬λŠ” 염증 λΆ€μœ„λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ ν˜ˆκ΄€ λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
So these molecular motors -- we had to work
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이 기계듀이 μ›μž μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ
06:05
with the Harvard scientists and databank models
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 움직이고 μ–΄λ–€ κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
06:11
of the atomically accurate molecules
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ν•˜λ²„λ“œ λŒ€ν•™ κ³Όν•™μžμ™€ λ…Όμ˜λ„ ν•˜κ³ 
06:14
and figure out how they moved, and figure out what they did.
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λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€μ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ°Έκ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
And figure out how to do this in a way
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이것을 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄μ„œ,
06:20
that was truthful in that it imparted what was going on,
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세포 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 기계듀이 무슨 일을 ν•˜λŠ” μ§€λŠ” λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ •ν™•νžˆ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λ˜,
06:26
but not so truthful that the compact crowding in a cell
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저희가 κ·Έλ¦° 기계에 집쀑할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
06:31
would prevent the vista from happening.
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세포 λ‚΄μ˜ λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ„ λ‹€μ†Œ μƒλž΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
And so what I'm going to show you is a three-minute
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μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° 저희가 λ§Œλ“  λ™μ˜μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ
06:38
Reader's Digest version of the first aspect of this film
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μ‚ΌλΆ„μ§œλ¦¬ μ˜ˆκ³ νŽΈμ„ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
that we produced. It's an ongoing project
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ 진행쀑인 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ‘œ,
06:44
that's going to go another four or five years.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 4-5년은 더 걸릴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
And I want you to look at this
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λ™μ˜μƒμ„ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄μ„œ
06:49
and see the paths that the cell manufactures --
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kinesin이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” κ±Έμ–΄λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ 기계듀을 λ΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
06:53
these little walking machines, they're called kinesins --
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κ°œλ―Έκ°€ μžκΈ°λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 큰 물건을 μš΄λ°˜ν•˜λ“―μ΄,
06:57
that take these huge loads
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kinesin도 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 큰 짐을 μš΄λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
that would challenge an ant in relative size.
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kinesin도 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 큰 짐을 μš΄λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
Run the movie, please.
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λ™μ˜μƒμ„ ν‹€μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
07:06
But these machines that power the inside of the cells
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세포 λ‚΄λΆ€λ₯Ό μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 이와같은 κΈ°κ³„λŠ”
07:09
are really quite amazing, and they really are the basis of all life
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μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ ν₯미둜우며, λͺ¨λ“  생λͺ…μ˜ 기초라고 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
because all of these machines interact with each other.
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이것은 기계듀이 μ„œλ‘œ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:18
They pass information to each other.
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μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ 정보λ₯Ό μ£Όκ³ λ°›μœΌλ©΄μ„œ
07:20
They cause different things to happen inside the cell.
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세포 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
And the cell will actually manufacture the parts that it needs
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세포 ν•΅μ˜ μœ μ „μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 정보λ₯Ό 읽기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
07:26
on the fly, from information
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전달 λΆ„μžλ“€μ΄ κ·Έ 정보λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜€κ³ ,
07:28
that's brought from the nucleus by molecules that read the genes.
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μ„Έν¬λŠ” ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€ν’ˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
No life, from the smallest life to everybody here,
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κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 생λͺ… ν˜•νƒœμ„œλΆ€ν„° μ—¬κΈ°κ³„μ‹œλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€κΉŒμ§€
07:38
would be possible without these little micro-machines.
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이런 λ―Έμ„Έ 기계 μ—†μ΄λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
In fact, it would really, in the absence of these machines,
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이런 기계가 μ—†μ—ˆλ”λΌλ©΄
07:45
have made the attendance here, Chris, really quite sparse.
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μ§€κΈˆ 이런 λͺ¨μž„ μžμ²΄κ°€ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆκ² μ£ .
07:47
(Laughter)
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β™«
07:51
(Music)
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08:03
This is the FedEx delivery guy of the cell.
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이것은 kinesin이라 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
This little guy is called the kinesin,
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이것이 세포 λ‚΄μ˜ ν€΅μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins
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μƒˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ 가득 μ°¬ 보따리λ₯Ό
08:13
to wherever it's needed in the cell --
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μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 곳으둜 μš΄λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
whether it's to a membrane, whether it's to an organelle,
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그것은 세포막이 될 μˆ˜λ„ 있고 세포 μ†ŒκΈ°κ΄€μ΄ 될 μˆ˜λ„ 있으며
08:18
whether it's to build something or repair something.
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λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό 쑰립할 λ•Œ, λ˜λŠ” λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
And each of us has about 100,000 of these things
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μΈκ°„μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 100μ‘° 개의 세포가 있으며
08:24
running around, right now,
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각 μ„Έν¬μ—λŠ” kinesin이
08:26
inside each one of your 100 trillion cells.
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무렀 10만 κ°œκ°€ λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
So no matter how lazy you feel,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 아무리 게으λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ„,
08:32
you're not really intrinsically doing nothing.
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λΆ„μž μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ©΄,
08:34
(Laughter)
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아무 것도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
So what I want you to do when you go home
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였늘 집에 κ°€μ‹œλ©΄μ„œ,
08:40
is think about this, and think about how powerful our cells are.
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우리 세포가 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ°•λ ₯ν•˜λ©°
08:44
And think about some of the things
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세포 μ—­ν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ°œκ²¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄
08:45
that we're learning about cellular mechanics.
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ν•œλ²ˆ μ”©λ§Œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:49
Once we figure out all that's going on --
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세포 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 지 μ•Œκ²Œλ˜λ©΄,
08:52
and believe me, we know almost a percent of what's going on --
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λ¬Όλ‘  무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 지에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 1 ν”„λ‘œλ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
08:56
once we figure out what's going on,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ•Œκ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄,
08:57
we're really going to be able to have a lot of control
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 건강,
09:00
over what we do with our health,
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우리의 후손듀,
09:02
with what we do with future generations,
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그리고 우리의 수λͺ…을
09:05
and how long we're going to live.
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관리할 수 있게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
And hopefully we'll be able to use this
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그리고 이것을 톡해
09:09
to discover more truth, and more beauty.
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더 λ§Žμ€ 진리와 아름닀움을 깨달을 수 있게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
(Music)
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β™«
09:26
But it's really quite amazing that these cells, these micro-machines,
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ꡉμž₯히 ν₯미둜운 것은, 세포가 무언가λ₯Ό ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•  λ•Œ
09:31
are aware enough of what the cell needs that they do their bidding.
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이 λ―Έμ„Έ 기계듀은 무엇을 ν•΄μ•Όν•  지 μ •ν™•νžˆ μ•ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
They work together. They make the cell do what it needs to do.
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기계듀 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ©΄ 세포가 κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν•˜κ²Œ 되고
09:40
And their working together helps our bodies --
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λ―Έμ„Έ 기계듀은 κ±°μ‹œ 세계λ₯Ό ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ 보지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
09:46
huge entities that they will never see -- function properly.
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κ·Έλ“€λ‘œ 인해 우리 λͺΈ 전체가 κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
Enjoy the rest of the show. Thank you.
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μ½μ–΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
(Applause)
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쒋은 ν•˜λ£¨ λ˜μ„Έμš”^^
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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