Amy Smith: Simple designs that could save millions of childrens' lives

Prevoditelj: Martina Peraic Recezent: Sanda L

In terms of invention,

Kada govorimo o izumima,

I'd like to tell you the tale of one of my favorite projects.

ispričala bih vam priču o jednom od mojih najdražih projekata,

I think it's one of the most exciting that I'm working on,

jedan je od najuzbudljivijih na kojima radim,

but I think it's also the simplest.

ali mislim da je i najjednostavniji.

It's a project that has the potential to make a huge impact around the world.

Taj projekt mogao bi imati snažan učinak diljem svijeta.

It addresses one of the biggest health issues on the planet,

Rješava jedan od najvećih zdravstvenih problema na planetu,

the number one cause of death in children under five.

najbrojniji uzročnik smrti u djece ispod pet godina.

Which is ...?

Što bi to moglo biti?

Water-borne diseases? Diarrhea? Malnutrition?

Bolesti prenošene vodom? Proljev? Pothranjenost?

No.

Ne.

It's breathing the smoke from indoor cooking fires --

Radi se o udisanju dima uzrokovanog kuhanjem --

acute respiratory infections caused by this.

akutnim upalama dišnog sustava koje to udisanje uzrokuje.

Can you believe that?

Možete li vjerovati?

I find this shocking and somewhat appalling.

Mene ovo šokira i ostavlja bez riječi.

Zar ne možemo proizvesti čistije gorivo za sagorijevanje pri kuhanju?

Can't we make cleaner burning cooking fuels?

Can't we make better stoves?

Zar ne možemo proizvesti bolje štednjake?

How is it that this can lead to over two million deaths every year?

Kako je moguće da ovo dovede do preko 2 milijuna smrti svake godine?

I know Bill Joy was talking to you about the wonders of carbon nanotubes,

Znam da vam je Bill Joy govorio o čarima karbonskih nanocijevi,

so I'm going to talk to you about the wonders of carbon macro-tubes,

pa ću vam ja govoriti o čarima karbonskih makrocijevi,

which is charcoal.

što je zapravo ugljen.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So this is a picture of rural Haiti.

Ovo je slika ruralnog Haitija.

Haiti is now 98 percent deforested.

98 posto haićanskih šuma je posječeno.

You'll see scenes like this all over the island.

Ovakve prizore možete vidjeti po cijelom otoku.

It leads to all sorts of environmental problems

Dovode do raznoraznih problema u okolišu

and problems that affect people throughout the nation.

i problema koji utječu na ljude u cijeloj zemlji.

A couple years ago there was severe flooding

Prije nekoliko godina došlo je do teških poplava

that led to thousands of deaths --

koje su prouzročile tisuće smrti,

that's directly attributable to the fact

a te nesreće je moguće izravno povezati s činjenicom

that there are no trees on the hills to stabilize the soil.

da na brdima nema stabala koja bi stabilizirala tlo.

So the rains come --

I tako dođu kiše --

they go down the rivers and the flooding happens.

preliju se u rijeke i događaju se poplave.

Now one of the reasons why there are so few trees is this:

Jedan od razloga zašto je tako malo drveća je ovaj:

people need to cook,

ljudi moraju kuhati

and they harvest wood and they make charcoal in order to do it.

pa sijeku drvo kako bi napravili ugljen za kuhanje.

It's not that people are ignorant to the environmental damage.

Nije da ti ljudi nisu svjesni štete koju nanose prirodi.

They know perfectly well, but they have no other choice.

Njima je to sasvim jasno, ali nemaju drugog izbora.

Fossil fuels are not available,

Fosilna goriva im nisu dostupna,

and solar energy doesn't cook the way that they like their food prepared.

a solarna energija ne omogućuje kuhanje hrane na način koji oni vole.

And so this is what they do.

Pa onda rade sljedeće.

You'll find families like this who go out into the forest to find a tree,

Naići ćete na obitelji koje odlaze u šumu pronaći drvo,

cut it down and make charcoal out of it.

sasjeći ga i napraviti ugljen od njega.

So not surprisingly,

Ne iznenađuje

there's a lot of effort that's been done to look at alternative cooking fuels.

da se puno truda ulaže u potragu za drugim gorivima za kuhanje.

About four years ago, I took a team of students down to Haiti

Prije četiri godine odvela sam tim studenata na Haiti

and we worked with Peace Corps volunteers there.

i radili smo ondje s volonterima mirovnih snaga.

This is one such volunteer

Ovo je jedan takav volonter,

and this is a device that he had built in the village where he worked.

a ovo je naprava koju je sagradio u selu gdje je radio.

And the idea was that you could take waste paper;

Ideja je bila da se može koristiti stari papir;

you could compress it

isprešati ga

and make briquettes that could be used for fuel.

i napraviti brikete koje bi se koristilo kao gorivo.

But this device was very slow.

Ali ta naprava bila je vrlo spora.

So our engineering students went to work on it

Tako da su naši studenti strojarstva nastavili raditi na njoj

and with some very simple changes,

te s nekoliko vrlo jednostavnih izmjena

they were able to triple the throughput of this device.

uspjeli su utrostručiti količinu tvari koja može proći kroz napravu.

So you could imagine they were very excited about it.

Pa možete pretpostaviti da su bili vrlo uzbuđeni zbog toga.

And they took the briquettes back to MIT so that they could test them.

Ponijeli su brikete na MIT kako bi ih testirali.

And one of the things that they found was they didn't burn.

Otkrili su da briketi ne gore.

So it was a little discouraging to the students.

Pa je to bilo malo obeshrabrujuće.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And in fact, if you look closely,

A u biti, ako pažljivo promatrate,

right here you can see it says, "US Peace Corps."

ovdje vidite da piše "Američka mirovna misija".

As it turns out, there actually wasn't any waste paper in this village.

Ispostavilo se da u selu nije ni bilo zaliha starog papira.

And while it was a good use of government paperwork

Iako je to bio dobar način korištenja vladine papirologije,

for this volunteer to bring it back with him to his village,

za ovog volontera koji ga je donio u svoje selo,

it was 800 kilometers away.

to je bilo na 800 kilometara udaljenosti.

And so we thought perhaps there might be a better way

Pa smo mislili da možda postoji bolji način

to come up with an alternative cooking fuel.

da se dosjetimo zamjeni za ugljen za kuhanje.

What we wanted to do is we wanted to make a fuel

Željeli smo napraviti gorivo

that used something that was readily available on the local level.

koje koristi nešto što je rasprostranjeno i dostupno na lokalnoj razini.

You see these all over Haiti as well.

Ovo također možete vidjeti po cijelom Haitiju.

They're small-scale sugar mills.

To su mali mlinovi za šećer.

And the waste product from them

A njihov otpadni proizvod

after you extract the juice from the sugarcane

nakon što se iscijedi sok iz šećerne trske

is called "bagasse."

je "bagasse".

It has no other use.

Nema nikakvu namjenu.

It has no nutritional value, so they don't feed it to the animals.

Nema hranjivu vrijednost pa ga ne daju životinjama.

It just sits in a pile near the sugar mill until eventually they burn it.

Samo stoji u hrpama pored mlina dok ga konačno ne spale.

What we wanted to do was we wanted to find a way

Htjeli smo pronaći način

to harness this waste resource and turn it into a fuel

da ovladamo tim otpadnim izvorom energije te ga pretvorimo u gorivo

that would be something that people could easily cook with,

kojim bi ljudi lako mogli kuhati,

something like charcoal.

nešto poput ugljena.

So over the next couple of years,

I sljedećih nekoliko godina

students and I worked to develop a process.

radila sam sa studentima kako bismo razvili postupak.

So you start with the bagasse, and then you take a very simple kiln

Počinjete s bagasseom i uzmete vrlo jednostavnu peć

that you can make out of a waste fifty five-gallon oil drum.

koju možete napraviti od starog spremnika za naftu od 200 litara.

After some time, after setting it on fire,

Nakon nekog vremena, nakon što ga zapalite,

you seal it to restrict the oxygen that goes into the kiln,

zapečatite ga kako bi se zaustavio dotok kisika u peć,

and then you end up with this carbonized material here.

i dobijete ovu ovdje karboniziranu tvar.

However, you can't burn this.

Međutim, ovo ne može gorjeti.

It's too fine and it burns too quickly to be useful for cooking.

Presitno je i prebrzo gori da bi bilo od koristi za kuhanje.

So we had to try to find a way to form it into useful briquettes.

Pa smo morali pronaći način da je oblikujemo u upotrebljive brikete.

And conveniently, one of my students was from Ghana,

Prikladno, jedan od mojih studenata bio je porijeklom iz Gane

and he remembered a dish his mom used to make for him called "kokonte,"

i sjetio se jela koje mu je majka pripremala, zvano "kokonte",

which is a very sticky porridge made out of the cassava root.

vrlo ljepljive kaše od korijena kasave.

And so what we did was we looked,

A onda smo tražili

and we found that cassava is indeed grown in Haiti,

i otkrili da kasava doista raste na Haitiju,

under the name of "manioc."

pod nazivom "manioka".

In fact, it's grown all over the world --

Zapravo, raste po cijelom svijetu --

yucca, tapioca, manioc, cassava, it's all the same thing --

vrste kao juka, tapioka, manioka, kasava, sve je to ista stvar --

a very starchy root vegetable.

vrlo škrobasto korjenasto povrće.

And you can make a very thick, sticky porridge out of it,

Od njega možete napraviti vrlo gustu, ljepljivu kašu,

which you can use to bind together the charcoal briquettes.

koju možete iskoristiti da poveže brikete ugljena.

So we did this. We went down to Haiti.

To smo i učinili. Otišli smo na Haiti.

These are the graduates of the first Ecole de Charbon,

Ovo su diplomci prve "Ecole de Charbon",

or Charcoal Institute.

ili Instituta za ugljen.

And these --

A ovi --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

That's right. So I'm actually an instructor at MIT as well as CIT.

Tako je. Pa sam ja zapravo instruktorica na MIT-u kao i na IZG-u.

And these are the briquettes that we made.

A ovo su briketi koje smo napravili.

Now I'm going to take you to a different continent.

A sada ću vas odvesti na drugi kontinent.

This is India

Ovo je Indija,

and this is the most commonly used cooking fuel in India.

a ovo je najraširenije gorivo za kuhanje u Indiji.

It's cow dung.

Ovo je kravlja balega.

And more than in Haiti, this produces really smoky fires,

A više nego u Haitiju, ona proizvodi plamen koji se jako dimi

and this is where you see the health impacts

i ovdje možemo doista vidjeti utjecaj na zdravlje

of cooking with cow dung and biomass as a fuel.

kuhanja kravljom balegom i biomasom kao gorivom.

Kids and women are especially affected by it,

Osobito su zahvaćene žene i djeca,

because they're the ones who are around the cooking fires.

zato što se najviše nalaze uokolo plamena za kuhanje.

So we wanted to see

Željeli smo vidjeti

if we could introduce this charcoal-making technology there.

može li se ovdje uvesti tehnologija pravljenja ugljena.

Well, unfortunately, they didn't have sugarcane

Oni, nažalost, nisu imali šećernu trsku

and they didn't have cassava,

niti kasavu,

but that didn't stop us.

ali to nas nije omelo.

What we did was we found what were the locally available sources of biomass.

Pronašli smo lokalno dostupne izvore biomase.

And there was wheat straw and there was rice straw in this area.

Ovo područje obilovalo je žitnom i rižinom slamom.

And what we could use as a binder was actually small amounts of cow manure,

A kao vezivnu tvar mogli smo iskoristiti male količine balege,

which they used ordinarily for their fuel.

koju su uobičajeno koristili kao gorivo.

And we did side-by-side tests,

Proveli smo usporedne testove,

and here you can see the charcoal briquettes

ovdje možete vidjeti brikete ugljena,

and here the cow dung.

a ovdje balegu.

And you can see that it's a lot cleaner burning of a cooking fuel.

Vidite da je ovo mnogo čišći način sagorijevanja goriva za kuhanje.

And in fact, it heats the water a lot more quickly.

A čak i vodu brže zagrijava.

And so we were very happy, thus far.

Pa smo dotad bili vrlo sretni.

But one of the things that we found

Ali otkrili smo da,

was when we did side-by-side comparisons with wood charcoal,

kad smo obavljali usporedne testove s drvenim ugljenom,

it didn't burn as long.

nije gorjelo jednako dugo.

And the briquettes crumbled a little bit

I briketi su se malo razmrvili

and we lost energy as they fell apart as they were cooking.

pa smo gubili energiju njihovim raspadanjem tijekom kuhanja.

So we wanted to try to find a way to make a stronger briquette

Stoga smo htjeli naći način da izradimo izdržljivije brikete

so that we could compete with wood charcoal in the markets in Haiti.

kako bismo se mogli natjecati s drvenim ugljenom na tržnicama Haitija.

So we went back to MIT,

Pa smo se vratili na MIT,

we took out the Instron machine

uzeli smo Instron stroj

and we figured out what sort of forces you needed

i otkrili smo kakve sile su potrebne

in order to compress a briquette to the level

kako bi se stisnulo briket na takvu razinu

that you actually are getting improved performance out of it?

da zapravo iz njega dobijete poboljšan učinak.

And at the same time that we had students in the lab looking at this,

U isto vrijeme dok su studenti radili u labosima pročavajući to,

we also had community partners in Haiti working to develop the process,

naši suradnici iz zajednice na Haitiju su također radili na razvoju postupka,

to improve it and make it more accessible to people in the villages there.

da ga poboljšaju i učine pristupačnim ljudima u lokalnim selima.

And after some time,

Nakon nekog vremena,

we developed a low-cost press that allows you to produce charcoal,

razvili smo jeftinu prešu koja vam omogućuje da proizvedete ugljen,

which actually now burns not only --

koji sada gori ne samo --

actually, it burns longer, cleaner than wood charcoal.

zapravo gori duže i čišće od drvenog ugljena.

So now we're in a situation where we have a product,

I sada smo u situaciji da imamo proizvod

which is actually better than what you can buy in Haiti in the marketplace,

koji je zapravo bolji od onoga što možete kupiti na haićanskoj tržnici,

which is a very wonderful place to be.

a to je jedno prekrasno mjesto.

In Haiti alone, about 30 million trees are cut down every year.

Samo na Haitiju posiječe se oko 30 milijuna stabala na godinu.

There's a possibility of this being implemented

Postoji mogućnost da se naš postupak uvede u lokalne prakse

and saving a good portion of those.

i tako sačuva razmjerno velika količina drva.

In addition, the revenue generated from that charcoal is 260 million dollars.

Osim toga, prihod ostvaren od takvog ugljena je 260 milijuna dolara.

That's an awful lot for a country like Haiti --

To je užasno puno za zemlju poput Haitija --

with a population of eight million

s populacijom od 8 milijuna ljudi

and an average income of less than 400 dollars.

i prosječnim prihodom od manje od 400 dolara.

So this is where we're also moving ahead with our charcoal project.

I to je područje u kojem također grabimo naprijed našim projektom ugljena.

And one of the things that I think is also interesting,

Evo što mi se čini zanimljivim.

is I have a friend up at UC Berkeley who's been doing risk analysis.

Imam prijatelja na UC Berkeleyu koji se bavi procjenom rizika.

And he's looked at the problem of the health impacts

Proučavao je problem zdravstvenih učinaka

of burning wood versus charcoal.

gorenja drva nasuprot gorenju ugljena.

And he's found that worldwide, you could prevent a million deaths

Otkrio je da se u cijelom svijetu može spriječiti milijun smrti

switching from wood to charcoal as a cooking fuel.

zamjenom drva ugljenom kao gorivom za kuhanje.

That's remarkable,

To je impresivno.

but up until now, there weren't ways to do it without cutting down trees.

Ali sve do sad nije postojao način da to činimo bez sječe drva.

But now we have a way

Sada imamo način

that's using an agricultural waste material to create a cooking fuel.

koji koristi poljoprivredne otpadne tvari za proizvodnju goriva za kuhanje.

One of the really exciting things, though,

Zaista uzbudljiva stvar, naime,

is something that came out of the trip that I took to Ghana just last month.

je nešto što je proizašlo iz puta u Ganu gdje sam bila prošli mjesec.

And I think it's the coolest thing,

Ovo je stvarno cool stvar,

a zahtijeva još manje tehnologije nego što ste dosad vidjeli,

and it's even lower tech than what you just saw,

if you can imagine such a thing.

ako to uopće možete zamisliti.

Here it is.

Evo ga.

So what is this?

Pa što je to?

This is corncobs turned into charcoal.

To su klipovi kukuruza pretvoreni u ugljen.

And the beauty of this is that you don't need to form briquettes --

Ljepota u ovome je što ni ne morate oblikovati briket --

it comes ready made.

već je oblikovan.

This is my $100 laptop, right here.

Ovo je moj laptop od 100 dolara.

And actually, like Nick, I brought samples.

A kao i Nick, donijela sam uzorke.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So we can pass these around.

Pa ih možete poslati dalje.

They're fully functional, field-tested, ready to roll out.

Potpuno su funkcionalni, ispitani na terenu, spremni da se pokrenu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And I think one of the things

Mislim da jedna od stvari

which is also remarkable about this technology,

koja je također zapanjujuća kod ove tehnologije

is that the technology transfer is so easy.

jest da je prijenos tehnologije tako jednostavan.

Compared to the sugarcane charcoal,

U usporedbi s ugljenom od šećerne trske,

where we have to teach people how to form it into briquettes

gdje smo morali podučiti ljude kako da oblikuju brikete

and you have the extra step of cooking the binder,

i postoji dodatni korak kuhanja vezivne tvari,

this comes pre-briquetted.

ovaj ugljen dolazi već briketiran.

And this is about the most exciting thing in my life right now,

Ovo je trenutno jedna od najuzbudljivijih stvari u mom životu,

which is perhaps a sad commentary on my life.

što je možda žalostan komentar na moj život.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But once you see it, like you guys in the front row --

Ali jednom kad shvatite, kao vi u prvom redu --

All right, yeah, OK.

Da, da.

So anyway --

Uglavnom --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Here it is.

Evo ga.

And this is, I think, a perfect example

Ovo je, smatram, savršen primjer

of what Robert Wright was talking about in those non-zero-sum things.

onoga o čemu je govorio Robert Wright, o onim stvarima koje se same poništavaju.

So not only do you have health benefits,

Ne samo da imamo zdravstvene dobrobiti,

you have environmental benefits.

nego i dobrobiti za okoliš.

But this is one of the incredibly rare situations

Ali ovo je jedna od nevjerojatno rijetkih situacija

where you also have economic benefits.

gdje postoje čak i ekonomske dobrobiti.

People can make their own cooking fuel from waste products.

Ljudi mogu sami proizvesti gorivo za kuhanje od otpadnih tvari.

They can generate income from this.

Mogu ostvariti prihod od toga.

They can save the money that they were going to spend on charcoal

Mogu uštedjeti novac koji bi potrošili na ugljen

and they can produce excess and sell it in the market

te proizvesti višak koji mogu prodati na tržnici

to people who aren't making their own.

ljudima koji sami ne proizvode ugljen.

It's really rare that you don't have trade-offs

Stvarno je rijetkost da nema neželjenih posljedica

between health and economics, or environment and economics.

u odnosu zdravlja i ekonomije ili okoliša i ekonomije.

So this is a project that I just find extremely exciting

Stoga ovaj projekt smatram izuzetno uzbudljivim

and I'm really looking forward to see where it takes us.

i stvarno se veselim vidjeti kamo će nas odvesti.

So when we talk about, now, the future we will create,

Kada govorimo o budućnosti koju ćemo stvoriti,

one of the things that I think is necessary

jedna od neophodnih stvari

is to have a very clear vision of the world that we live in.

jest imati jasnu sliku svijeta u kojem živimo.

And now, I don't actually mean the world that we live in.

Time ne mislim zaista svijet u kojem mi živimo.

I mean the world where women spend two to three hours everyday

Mislim na svijet u kojem žene provode 2-3 sata svakodnevno

grinding grain for their families to eat.

meljući žitarice za hranu svojoj obitelji.

I mean the world where advanced building materials

Mislim na svijet u kojem napredni gradivni materijal

means cement roofing tiles that are made by hand,

znači crijep od cementa napravljen ručno,

and where, when you work 10 hours a day,

i gdje, ako radite 10 sati dnevno,

you're still only earning 60 dollars in a month.

još uvijek uspijete zaraditi tek 60 dolara na mjesec.

I mean the world

Mislim na svijet

where women and children spend 40 billion hours a year fetching water.

gdje žene i djeca utroše 40 milijardi sati godišnje za donošenje vode.

That's as if the entire workforce of the state of California

To je kao da cjelokupna radna snaga države Kalifornije

worked full time for a year doing nothing but fetching water.

radi puno radno vrijeme cijelu godinu radeći samo na donošenju vode.

It's a place where, for example, if this were India,

To je mjesto gdje, primjerice, da smo sad u Indiji,

in this room, only three of us would have a car.

u ovoj prostoriji samo troje nas bi posjedovalo automobil.

If this were Afghanistan,

Da smo u Afganistanu,

only one person in this room would know how the use the Internet.

samo jedna osoba u ovoj prostoriji znala bi se služiti internetom.

If this were Zambia --

Da smo u Zambiji --

300 of you would be farmers,

tri stotine vas bili bi seljaci,

100 of you would have AIDS or HIV.

stotinu vas bi imalo AIDS ili HIV.

And more than half of you would be living on less than a dollar a day.

A više od polovice vas bi živjelo s manje od dolara na dan.

These are the issues that we need to come up with solutions for.

To su problemi za koje moramo pronaći rješenja.

These are the issues that we need to be training our engineers,

To su problemi za koje moramo obučiti naše inženjere,

our designers, our business people, our entrepreneurs to be facing.

naše dizajnere, poslovne ljude, s tim se moraju suočiti naši poduzetnici.

These are the solutions that we need to find.

Ovo su rješenja koja moramo pronaći.

I have a few areas that I believe are especially important that we address.

Izdvajam nekoliko područja jer vjerujem da ih je osobito važno riješiti.

One of them is creating technologies

Jedan je stvaranje tehnologija

to promote micro-finance and micro-enterprise,

za promicanje mikrofinanciranja i mikropoduzetništva,

so that people who are living below the poverty line

kako bi ljudi koji žive ispod granice siromaštva

can find a way to move out --

pronašli način da se izbave --

and that they're not doing it

a da to ne čine

using the same traditional basket making, poultry rearing, etc.

istim tradicionalnim pletenjem košara, uzgojem pilića itd.

But there are new technologies and new products

Postoje nove tehnologije i proizvodi

that they can make on a small scale.

koje mogu proizvesti na maloj razini.

The next thing I believe

Sljedeće u što vjerujem

is that we need to create technologies for poor farmers

jest da trebamo stvoriti tehnologije za siromašne seljake

to add value to their own crops.

kako bi dodali vrijednost svojim usjevima.

And we need to rethink our development strategies,

I trebamo ponovo osmisliti naše strategije razvoja,

so that we're not promoting educational campaigns

tako da ne promičemo edukacijske programe

to get them to stop being farmers,

kako bi ih odvratili od bivanja seljacima,

but rather to stop being poor farmers.

nego kako bi prestali biti siromašni seljaci.

And we need to think about how we can do that effectively.

Moramo razmisliti kako to učinkovito postići.

We need to work with the people in these communities

Moramo raditi s ljudima u tim zajednicama

and give them the resources and the tools that they need

i dati im sredstva i alate koje trebaju

to solve their own problems.

kako bi riješili svoje probleme.

That's the best way to do it.

To je najbolji način.

We shouldn't be doing it from outside.

Ne bismo to trebali činiti izvana.

So we need to create this future, and we need to start doing it now.

Tako da trebamo stvoriti tu budućnost i trebamo to početi činiti odmah.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Chris Anderson: Thank you, incredible.

Chris Anderson: Hvala, nevjerojatno.

Stay here.

Ostanite ovdje.

Tell us -- just while we see if someone has a question --

Recite nam -- samo dok vidimo ima li tko pitanje --

just tell us about one of the other things that you've worked on.

spomenite nam druge stvari na kojima ste radili.

Amy Smith: Some of the other things we're working on

Amy Smith: Neke od drugih stvari na kojima smo radili

su načini za jeftino testiranje kakvoće vode,

are ways to do low-cost water quality testing,

so that communities can maintain their own water systems,

tako da zajednice mogu održavati svoje vlastite vodne sustave,

know when they're working, know when they treat them, etc.

znati kada rade, znati kada ih popraviti, itd.

We're also looking at low-cost water-treatment systems.

Također proučavamo jeftine sustave tretiranja vode.

One of the really exciting things is looking at solar water disinfection

Stvarno uzbudljiva stvar je proučavanje solarnog načina dezinfekcije vode

and improving the ability to be able to do that.

i poboljšanja sposobnosti da se to učini.

CA: What's the bottleneck preventing this stuff getting from scale?

CA: Što sprječava ovakve stvari da prijeđu u masovnu upotrebu?

Do you need to find entrepreneurs, or venture capitalists,

Trebate li naći poduzetnike ili ulagače,

or what do you need to take what you've got and get it to scale?

što vam treba da svoja postignuća pretvorite u masovne proizvode?

AS: I think it's large numbers of people moving it forward.

AS: Potreban nam je velik broj ljudi koji bi to promicali.

It's a difficult thing --

To je zamršena stvar --

it's a marketplace which is very fragmented

tržište koje je veoma usitnjeno

and a consumer population with no income.

i potrošačka populacija bez prihoda.

So you can't use the same models that you use in the United States

Pa ne možete koristiti iste modele koje koristite u SAD-u

kako biste pomakli stvari naprijed.

for making things move forward.

And we're a pretty small staff,

I mi smo vrlo mala skupina,

which is me.

koja se sastoji od mene.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So, you know, I do what I can with the students.

Znate, činim što mogu uz studente.

We have 30 students a year go out into the field

Trideset studenata godišnje odlazi na teren

and try to implement this and move it forward.

i pokušavaju provesti i unaprijediti ove projekte.

The other thing is you have to do things with a long time frame,

Osim toga, morate raditi stvari s dugotrajnim vremenskim okvirom,

as, you know, you can't expect to get something done in a year or two years;

kao što znate, ne možete očekivati da ćete nešto obaviti u 1-2 godine;

you have to be looking five or 10 years ahead.

morate gledati 5 ili 10 godina naprijed.

But I think with the vision to do that, we can move forward.

Ali s takvom vizijom možemo napredovati.