Amy Smith: Simple designs that could save millions of childrens' lives

39,747 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: mona kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Julie Park
00:25
In terms of invention,
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด
00:26
I'd like to tell you the tale of one of my favorite projects.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
00:29
I think it's one of the most exciting that I'm working on,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:33
but I think it's also the simplest.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
00:35
It's a project that has the potential to make a huge impact around the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:39
It addresses one of the biggest health issues on the planet,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:43
the number one cause of death in children under five.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง ์›์ธ 1์œ„๊ฐ€
00:46
Which is ...?
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๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”...? ์ˆ˜์ธ์„ฑ ์งˆ๋ณ‘. ์„ค์‚ฌ. ์˜์–‘์‹ค์กฐ?
00:48
Water-borne diseases? Diarrhea? Malnutrition?
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์•„๋…œ์š”. ๋‹ต์€ ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ ํ”ผ์šด ๋ถˆ์—์„œ ๋‚œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:52
No.
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00:53
It's breathing the smoke from indoor cooking fires --
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00:57
acute respiratory infections caused by this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ฃ . ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง€์„ธ์š”?
01:01
Can you believe that?
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01:02
I find this shocking and somewhat appalling.
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์†Œ๋ฆ„์ด ๋‹์„ ์ •๋„์˜€์–ด์š”.
์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:06
Can't we make cleaner burning cooking fuels?
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01:08
Can't we make better stoves?
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์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ™”๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:10
How is it that this can lead to over two million deaths every year?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งค๋…„ 200๋งŒ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
01:14
I know Bill Joy was talking to you about the wonders of carbon nanotubes,
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๋นŒ ์กฐ์ด๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‚˜๋…ธํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„ํ•จ์—
์‹ ๋น„ํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ „ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋งˆํฌ๋กœํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„ํ•จ์—
01:19
so I'm going to talk to you about the wonders of carbon macro-tubes,
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒํ•ด์š”. ์ˆฏ ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
01:23
which is charcoal.
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01:24
(Laughter)
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01:26
So this is a picture of rural Haiti.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ ๋†์ดŒ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์˜ˆ์š”. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋Š” 98%์˜ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์ฑ„๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Haiti is now 98 percent deforested.
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01:31
You'll see scenes like this all over the island.
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์„ฌ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:34
It leads to all sorts of environmental problems
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ ,
01:37
and problems that affect people throughout the nation.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜์ฃ .
01:41
A couple years ago there was severe flooding
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „ ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํฐ ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:44
that led to thousands of deaths --
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:45
that's directly attributable to the fact
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ† ์–‘์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•ด์ค„
01:47
that there are no trees on the hills to stabilize the soil.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:50
So the rains come --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ณ , ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:51
they go down the rivers and the flooding happens.
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01:55
Now one of the reasons why there are so few trees is this:
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:58
people need to cook,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ธ ์ˆฏ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:00
and they harvest wood and they make charcoal in order to do it.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
It's not that people are ignorant to the environmental damage.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ”ผํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:07
They know perfectly well, but they have no other choice.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:10
Fossil fuels are not available,
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์„์œ ๋‚˜ ์„ํƒ„์€ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:12
and solar energy doesn't cook the way that they like their food prepared.
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ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
02:16
And so this is what they do.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:19
You'll find families like this who go out into the forest to find a tree,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆฒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
02:23
cut it down and make charcoal out of it.
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๋ฒ ์–ด๋‚ธ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ˆฏ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
02:27
So not surprisingly,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ 
02:28
there's a lot of effort that's been done to look at alternative cooking fuels.
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์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
02:34
About four years ago, I took a team of students down to Haiti
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ํ•œ 4๋…„ ์ „์— ํ•™์ƒ ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:37
and we worked with Peace Corps volunteers there.
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๊ทธ ์ชฝ์˜ Peace Corps ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋ž‘ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:39
This is one such volunteer
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž์ด๊ณ ,
02:41
and this is a device that he had built in the village where he worked.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ์žฅ์น˜์—์š”.
02:44
And the idea was that you could take waste paper;
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ํ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ ์••์ถ•ํ•ด์„œ
02:47
you could compress it
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐํƒ„๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
02:48
and make briquettes that could be used for fuel.
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02:51
But this device was very slow.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋Š๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
02:53
So our engineering students went to work on it
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:56
and with some very simple changes,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งŒ์ ธ์„œ
02:58
they were able to triple the throughput of this device.
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์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์ฃ .
03:01
So you could imagine they were very excited about it.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ ๋‚ฌ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:04
And they took the briquettes back to MIT so that they could test them.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์—ฐํƒ„์„ MIT๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”. ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ์š”.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ ์—ฐํƒ„์ด ์•ˆ ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:09
And one of the things that they found was they didn't burn.
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03:13
So it was a little discouraging to the students.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:16
(Laughter)
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03:17
And in fact, if you look closely,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
03:20
right here you can see it says, "US Peace Corps."
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U.S. Peace Corps ๋ผ๊ณ  ์จ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:23
As it turns out, there actually wasn't any waste paper in this village.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์ด ๋งˆ์„์—๋Š” ํ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:27
And while it was a good use of government paperwork
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์ด ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
03:30
for this volunteer to bring it back with him to his village,
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์“ธ๋ชจ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:33
it was 800 kilometers away.
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800ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:35
And so we thought perhaps there might be a better way
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค
03:38
to come up with an alternative cooking fuel.
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์„๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:41
What we wanted to do is we wanted to make a fuel
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฐ์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
03:43
that used something that was readily available on the local level.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:47
You see these all over Haiti as well.
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ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์„คํƒ• ๊ฐ€๊ณต ๊ณต์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
They're small-scale sugar mills.
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03:50
And the waste product from them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ฆ™์„ ๋บ€ ํ›„์—
03:52
after you extract the juice from the sugarcane
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๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ bagasse(์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ฐŒ๊บผ๊ธฐ)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
is called "bagasse."
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03:56
It has no other use.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”. ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ
03:57
It has no nutritional value, so they don't feed it to the animals.
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๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
04:00
It just sits in a pile near the sugar mill until eventually they burn it.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํƒœ์šธ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„คํƒ• ๊ณต์žฅ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์Œ“์•„ ๋†“์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:06
What we wanted to do was we wanted to find a way
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04:08
to harness this waste resource and turn it into a fuel
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์ด ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:11
that would be something that people could easily cook with,
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์ˆฏ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ๋•Œ
04:14
something like charcoal.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
04:16
So over the next couple of years,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ํ›„ ๋ช‡๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณต์ • ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
students and I worked to develop a process.
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04:21
So you start with the bagasse, and then you take a very simple kiln
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์šฐ์„  ์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ฐŒ๊บผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ,
04:25
that you can make out of a waste fifty five-gallon oil drum.
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55 ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋“œ๋Ÿผํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋งˆ์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด์š”.
04:28
After some time, after setting it on fire,
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๋ถˆ์„ ๋ถ™์ธ ํ›„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:31
you seal it to restrict the oxygen that goes into the kiln,
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๊ฐ€๋งˆ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
and then you end up with this carbonized material here.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํƒ„ํ™”๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:39
However, you can't burn this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํƒœ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณฑ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:40
It's too fine and it burns too quickly to be useful for cooking.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํƒ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉํ•ด์š”.
04:45
So we had to try to find a way to form it into useful briquettes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐํƒ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:49
And conveniently, one of my students was from Ghana,
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๋งˆ์นจ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋˜ Kokonte ๋ผ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
04:53
and he remembered a dish his mom used to make for him called "kokonte,"
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04:56
which is a very sticky porridge made out of the cassava root.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์นด์‚ฌ๋ฐ” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ˆ์ ํ•œ ์ฃฝ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
04:59
And so what we did was we looked,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์นด์‚ฌ๋ฐ”๋Š”
05:01
and we found that cassava is indeed grown in Haiti,
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Manioc ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๋ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:04
under the name of "manioc."
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05:06
In fact, it's grown all over the world --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
yucca, tapioca, manioc, cassava, it's all the same thing --
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์‹ค๋‚œ์ดˆ (yucca), ํƒ€ํ”ผ์˜ค์นด, ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•…, ์นด์‚ฌ๋ฐ”, ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
a very starchy root vegetable.
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๋…น๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
05:14
And you can make a very thick, sticky porridge out of it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ์ ํ•œ ์ฃฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:17
which you can use to bind together the charcoal briquettes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ˆฏ ์—ฐํƒ„์„ ๋ญ‰์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:21
So we did this. We went down to Haiti.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
These are the graduates of the first Ecole de Charbon,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—๊ผด ๋“œ ์ƒค๋ด‰,
05:27
or Charcoal Institute.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ˆฏ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์กธ์—…์ƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด--
05:29
And these --
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:30
(Laughter)
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05:31
That's right. So I'm actually an instructor at MIT as well as CIT.
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๋งž์•„์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” MIT์™€ ์ˆฏ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒธ์ž„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์—ฐํƒ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
And these are the briquettes that we made.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Now I'm going to take you to a different continent.
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05:44
This is India
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05:45
and this is the most commonly used cooking fuel in India.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์ด์ฃ .
05:48
It's cow dung.
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05:50
And more than in Haiti, this produces really smoky fires,
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์†Œ๋˜ฅ์€ ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
and this is where you see the health impacts
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ
05:56
of cooking with cow dung and biomass as a fuel.
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์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:01
Kids and women are especially affected by it,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„์š”.
06:03
because they're the ones who are around the cooking fires.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆฏ ๊ฐ€๊ณต ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
06:07
So we wanted to see
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06:08
if we could introduce this charcoal-making technology there.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:11
Well, unfortunately, they didn't have sugarcane
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:14
and they didn't have cassava,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นด์‚ฌ๋ฐ”๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
but that didn't stop us.
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06:17
What we did was we found what were the locally available sources of biomass.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
And there was wheat straw and there was rice straw in this area.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—” ๋ฐ€์งš๊ณผ ๋ณ์งš์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:24
And what we could use as a binder was actually small amounts of cow manure,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์„
์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:28
which they used ordinarily for their fuel.
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์„ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:31
And we did side-by-side tests,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋˜ฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ 
06:34
and here you can see the charcoal briquettes
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์ˆฏ ์—ฐํƒ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:36
and here the cow dung.
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06:38
And you can see that it's a lot cleaner burning of a cooking fuel.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:41
And in fact, it heats the water a lot more quickly.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋“์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
And so we were very happy, thus far.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŒ์กฑํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:46
But one of the things that we found
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ˆฏ๊ณผ
06:47
was when we did side-by-side comparisons with wood charcoal,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ˆฏ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
06:50
it didn't burn as long.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ˆฏ ๋งŒํผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ์—ฐํƒ„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
06:52
And the briquettes crumbled a little bit
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06:54
and we lost energy as they fell apart as they were cooking.
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ์ค‘์— ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์ด ์†Œ๋ชจ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:57
So we wanted to try to find a way to make a stronger briquette
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์—ฐํƒ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:00
so that we could compete with wood charcoal in the markets in Haiti.
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ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ๋ชฉํƒ„๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
07:05
So we went back to MIT,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” MIT๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ Instron ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
07:07
we took out the Instron machine
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07:09
and we figured out what sort of forces you needed
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์—ฐํƒ„์„
07:12
in order to compress a briquette to the level
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์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ
07:14
that you actually are getting improved performance out of it?
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์••์ถ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
And at the same time that we had students in the lab looking at this,
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ํ•œํŽธ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
07:21
we also had community partners in Haiti working to develop the process,
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ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
์ด ์ˆฏ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์†์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์–ป๊ณ , ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ•๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
to improve it and make it more accessible to people in the villages there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ›„์—,
07:34
And after some time,
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07:35
we developed a low-cost press that allows you to produce charcoal,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉํƒ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ํƒ€๋Š”
07:40
which actually now burns not only --
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์ˆฏ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์••์ฐฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋ฐœํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:43
actually, it burns longer, cleaner than wood charcoal.
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07:47
So now we're in a situation where we have a product,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ
07:49
which is actually better than what you can buy in Haiti in the marketplace,
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๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:54
which is a very wonderful place to be.
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ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
07:58
In Haiti alone, about 30 million trees are cut down every year.
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ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋งค๋…„ 3์ฒœ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
There's a possibility of this being implemented
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:06
and saving a good portion of those.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:08
In addition, the revenue generated from that charcoal is 260 million dollars.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์ˆฏ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 26์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋‚˜์™€์š”.
๊ทธ๊ฑด 8๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์™€
08:15
That's an awful lot for a country like Haiti --
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08:17
with a population of eight million
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1์ธ ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“ 400๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜
08:19
and an average income of less than 400 dollars.
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ํ•˜์ดํ‹ฐ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
So this is where we're also moving ahead with our charcoal project.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
08:27
And one of the things that I think is also interesting,
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
08:30
is I have a friend up at UC Berkeley who's been doing risk analysis.
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UC Berkeley์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:34
And he's looked at the problem of the health impacts
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๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šธ ๋•Œ์™€ ์ˆฏ์„ ํƒœ์šธ ๋•Œ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š”
08:37
of burning wood versus charcoal.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ดค์ฃ .
08:39
And he's found that worldwide, you could prevent a million deaths
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋Œ€์‹ 
๋‚˜๋ฌด์žฅ์ž‘ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ˆฏ์„ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฑ ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋ฅผ
08:43
switching from wood to charcoal as a cooking fuel.
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08:46
That's remarkable,
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์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ . ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
08:48
but up until now, there weren't ways to do it without cutting down trees.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:51
But now we have a way
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:52
that's using an agricultural waste material to create a cooking fuel.
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:56
One of the really exciting things, though,
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ
08:59
is something that came out of the trip that I took to Ghana just last month.
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๊ฐ€๋‚˜์— ๋‹ค๋…€์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
09:02
And I think it's the coolest thing,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ •๋ง, ์ด ์ค‘ ์ œ์ผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„
์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
and it's even lower tech than what you just saw,
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09:08
if you can imagine such a thing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:10
Here it is.
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09:11
So what is this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ž๋ฃจ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ˆฏ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
09:13
This is corncobs turned into charcoal.
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09:16
And the beauty of this is that you don't need to form briquettes --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ ์€ ์—ฐํƒ„ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตณํž ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:19
it comes ready made.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €๋งŒ์˜ 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
09:20
This is my $100 laptop, right here.
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09:23
And actually, like Nick, I brought samples.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‹‰์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €๋„ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์–ด์š”.
09:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:28
So we can pass these around.
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๋ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
09:32
They're fully functional, field-tested, ready to roll out.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด ์‹œํŒ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
(Laughter)
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09:40
And I think one of the things
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
09:42
which is also remarkable about this technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:46
is that the technology transfer is so easy.
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09:49
Compared to the sugarcane charcoal,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐํƒ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
09:51
where we have to teach people how to form it into briquettes
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
09:54
and you have the extra step of cooking the binder,
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์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์ˆฏ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ž๋ฃจ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ˆฏ์€
09:56
this comes pre-briquetted.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฐํƒ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
And this is about the most exciting thing in my life right now,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
10:01
which is perhaps a sad commentary on my life.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ œ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์Šฌํ”ˆ ํšŒ๊ณ ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:06
But once you see it, like you guys in the front row --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋งจ ์•ž์ค„์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:09
All right, yeah, OK.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ์–ด์จŒ๋“ -
10:10
So anyway --
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10:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:13
Here it is.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋กธ์ž‡์ด
10:14
And this is, I think, a perfect example
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10:17
of what Robert Wright was talking about in those non-zero-sum things.
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ด๋“์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ (non-zero sum theory)์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
So not only do you have health benefits,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ด๋กœ์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:25
you have environmental benefits.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:27
But this is one of the incredibly rare situations
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”
์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
where you also have economic benefits.
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10:33
People can make their own cooking fuel from waste products.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ์šฉ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:36
They can generate income from this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:38
They can save the money that they were going to spend on charcoal
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆฏ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋ ค๋˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์•„๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:41
and they can produce excess and sell it in the market
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์—ฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
10:44
to people who aren't making their own.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:46
It's really rare that you don't have trade-offs
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
10:48
between health and economics, or environment and economics.
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๋งž๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
So this is a project that I just find extremely exciting
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์›Œํ•˜๊ณ 
10:55
and I'm really looking forward to see where it takes us.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐˆ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
11:03
So when we talk about, now, the future we will create,
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11:06
one of the things that I think is necessary
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”,
11:08
is to have a very clear vision of the world that we live in.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:13
And now, I don't actually mean the world that we live in.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋…œ์š”.
11:16
I mean the world where women spend two to three hours everyday
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๋จน์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:21
grinding grain for their families to eat.
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๋งค์ผ 2-3 ์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ๊ณก์‹์„ ๊ฐˆ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:24
I mean the world where advanced building materials
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๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ž์ œ๊ฐ€
11:27
means cement roofing tiles that are made by hand,
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์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์™€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ง€๋ถ• ํƒ€์ผ์ธ ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ ,
11:30
and where, when you work 10 hours a day,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 10์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ์ผํ•ด๋„
11:32
you're still only earning 60 dollars in a month.
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ํ•œ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ณ ์ž‘ 60๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
11:37
I mean the world
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๊ฐ€ 1๋…„์— 400์–ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธท๋Š”๋ฐ ์จ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ ๋ง์˜ˆ์š”.
11:38
where women and children spend 40 billion hours a year fetching water.
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11:45
That's as if the entire workforce of the state of California
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
11:49
worked full time for a year doing nothing but fetching water.
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1๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ •๊ทœ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ ๊ธท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
11:53
It's a place where, for example, if this were India,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๊ณณ์ด ์ธ๋„๋ผ๋ฉด
11:58
in this room, only three of us would have a car.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ 3๋ช…๋งŒ์ด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:01
If this were Afghanistan,
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์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
12:02
only one person in this room would know how the use the Internet.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋งŒ์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ,
12:06
If this were Zambia --
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์ž ๋น„์•„๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ 300๋ช…์ด ๋†๋ถ€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
12:08
300 of you would be farmers,
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12:11
100 of you would have AIDS or HIV.
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์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ 100๋ช…์€ ์—์ด์ฆˆ ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ท ์ž ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
12:14
And more than half of you would be living on less than a dollar a day.
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๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋‚ด ๋†“์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
12:19
These are the issues that we need to come up with solutions for.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค, ๊ฒฝ์˜์ธ๋“ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
12:24
These are the issues that we need to be training our engineers,
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12:27
our designers, our business people, our entrepreneurs to be facing.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ต์œก์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:32
These are the solutions that we need to find.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
12:35
I have a few areas that I believe are especially important that we address.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ์ „๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ์•ก ๊ธˆ์œต์ง€์›๊ณผ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ฆ์ง„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ณ„๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:41
One of them is creating technologies
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12:43
to promote micro-finance and micro-enterprise,
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12:46
so that people who are living below the poverty line
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๋นˆ๊ณค์„  ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์˜ˆ์š”.
12:49
can find a way to move out --
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12:50
and that they're not doing it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋‚˜
12:52
using the same traditional basket making, poultry rearing, etc.
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๋‹ญ ์‚ฌ์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:55
But there are new technologies and new products
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ œํ’ˆ์„
12:58
that they can make on a small scale.
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์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:00
The next thing I believe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์—
13:02
is that we need to create technologies for poor farmers
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13:06
to add value to their own crops.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
13:09
And we need to rethink our development strategies,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋†๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
13:12
so that we're not promoting educational campaigns
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๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
13:15
to get them to stop being farmers,
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก
13:17
but rather to stop being poor farmers.
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๊ณ„๋ฐœ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:20
And we need to think about how we can do that effectively.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ์ฃ .
13:24
We need to work with the people in these communities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
13:27
and give them the resources and the tools that they need
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
13:30
to solve their own problems.
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๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ์ž์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
That's the best way to do it.
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13:33
We shouldn't be doing it from outside.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋ ค ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
13:35
So we need to create this future, and we need to start doing it now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
(Applause)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘์ด ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์นœ๋‹ค.)
13:46
Chris Anderson: Thank you, incredible.
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13:49
Stay here.
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13:51
Tell us -- just while we see if someone has a question --
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ์ „์— ํ•œ ๋ง์”€๋งŒ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
just tell us about one of the other things that you've worked on.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:57
Amy Smith: Some of the other things we're working on
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์—์ด๋ฏธ ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค: ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
14:00
are ways to do low-cost water quality testing,
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14:02
so that communities can maintain their own water systems,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:05
know when they're working, know when they treat them, etc.
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์–ธ์ œ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ธ์ œ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:07
We're also looking at low-cost water-treatment systems.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๊ฐ€์˜ ์ •์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:10
One of the really exciting things is looking at solar water disinfection
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์—ด๋กœ ์ •์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:14
and improving the ability to be able to do that.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
CA: What's the bottleneck preventing this stuff getting from scale?
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
14:21
Do you need to find entrepreneurs, or venture capitalists,
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
14:24
or what do you need to take what you've got and get it to scale?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
14:29
AS: I think it's large numbers of people moving it forward.
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์—์ด๋ฏธ: ๋„ค, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
14:32
It's a difficult thing --
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ž€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
14:33
it's a marketplace which is very fragmented
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14:35
and a consumer population with no income.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ์—†๊ณ ์š”.
14:37
So you can't use the same models that you use in the United States
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
14:41
for making things move forward.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
14:42
And we're a pretty small staff,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์ ์€ ์ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ € ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
14:44
which is me.
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14:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:47
So, you know, I do what I can with the students.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:50
We have 30 students a year go out into the field
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1๋…„์— 30๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
14:52
and try to implement this and move it forward.
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์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
14:54
The other thing is you have to do things with a long time frame,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
14:58
as, you know, you can't expect to get something done in a year or two years;
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1๋…„์ด๋‚˜ 2๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
15:02
you have to be looking five or 10 years ahead.
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5๋…„์ด๋‚˜ 10๋…„ ํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
15:04
But I think with the vision to do that, we can move forward.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ƒ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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