What time is it on Mars? | Nagin Cox

Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

So many of you have probably seen the movie "The Martian."

Dakle, mnogi od vas su vjerojatno vidjeli film "Marsovac."

But for those of you who did not, it's a movie about an astronaut

No, za one od vas koji nisu, to je film o astronautu

who is stranded on Mars, and his efforts to stay alive

koji je nasukan na Marsu i njegova nastojanja da ostane živ

until the Earth can send a rescue mission to bring him back to Earth.

sve dok Zemlja ne pošalje misiju spašavanja da ga vrati na Zemlju.

Gladly, they do re-establish communication

Na sreću, oni uspostave komunikaciju

with the character, astronaut Watney, at some point

sa likom, astronautom Watney-em, u jednom trenutku

so that he's not as alone on Mars until he can be rescued.

tako da on nije tako sam na Marsu sve dok ne može biti spašen.

So while you're watching the movie, or even if you haven't,

Dakle, dok gledate film, ili čak i ako niste,

when you think about Mars,

kada razmišljate o Marsu,

you're probably thinking about how far away it is and how distant.

vjerojatno mislite o tome koliko je daleko i koliko je udaljen.

And, what might not have occurred to you is,

A, ono što vam možda ne bi palo na pamet je,

what are the logistics really like of working on another planet --

kakva je zapravo logistika rada na drugom planetu --

of living on two planets

živjeti na dva planeta

when there are people on the Earth and there are rovers or people on Mars?

kada postoje ljudi na Zemlji a tu su i roveri ili ljudi na Marsu?

So think about when you have friends, families and co-workers

Razmislite o tome kada imate prijatelje, obitelji i suradnike

in California, on the West Coast or in other parts of the world.

u Kaliforniji, na Zapadnoj obali, ili u drugim dijelovima svijeta.

When you're trying to communicate with them,

Kada pokušavate komunicirati s njima,

one of the things you probably first think about is:

jedna od stvari na koju vjerojatno prvo pomislite je:

wait, what time is it in California?

čekaj, koliko je sati u Kaliforniji?

Will I wake them up? Is it OK to call?

Hoću li ih probuditi? Je li u redu nazvati?

So even if you're interacting with colleagues who are in Europe,

Dakle, čak i ako ste u interakciji s kolegama koji su u Europi,

you're immediately thinking about:

odmah razmišljate o:

What does it take to coordinate communication when people are far away?

Što je potrebno da se uskladi komunikacija, kada su ljudi daleko?

So we don't have people on Mars right now, but we do have rovers.

Dakle, sada nemamo ljude na Marsu, ali imamo rovere.

And actually right now, on Curiosity, it is 6:10 in the morning.

I upravo sada, na Curiosity-u, je 6:10 ujutro.

So, 6:10 in the morning on Mars.

Dakle, 6:10 ujutro na Marsu.

We have four rovers on Mars.

Imamo četiri rovera na Marsu.

The United States has put four rovers on Mars since the mid-1990s,

Sjedinjene Države su postavile četiri rovera na Marsu od sredine 1990-ih,

and I have been privileged enough to work on three of them.

a ja sam imala privilegiju raditi sa njih tri.

So, I am a spacecraft engineer, a spacecraft operations engineer,

Dakle, ja sam inženjerka svemirskih letjelica, inženjerka operacijaletjelica,

at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Los Angeles, California.

u NASA-inom Laboratoriju za Mlazni Pogon u Los Angeles-u, Kaliforniji.

And these rovers are our robotic emissaries.

I ovi roveri su naši robotski izaslanici.

So, they are our eyes and our ears, and they see the planet for us

Dakle, oni su naše oči i naše uši, i oni posmatraju planet za nas

until we can send people.

sve dok ne možemo poslati ljude.

So we learn how to operate on other planets through these rovers.

Tako smo naučili kako raditi na drugim planetima kroz te rovere.

So before we send people, we send robots.

Dakle, prije nego što pošaljemo ljude, šaljemo robote.

So the reason there's a time difference on Mars right now,

Dakle, razlog zbog kojeg postoji vremenska razlika na Marsu sada,

from the time that we're at

u odnosu na vrijeme na kojem smo mi sada,

is because the Martian day is longer than the Earth day.

je zato jer je dan na Marsu duži od dana na Zemlji.

Our Earth day is 24 hours,

Naš Zemaljski dan traje 24 sata,

because that's how long it takes the Earth to rotate,

jer toliko je potrebno Zemlji da se okrene oko svoje osi,

how long it takes to go around once.

toliko dugo traje da se jednom okrene.

So our day is 24 hours.

Dakle, naš dan traje 24 sata.

It takes Mars 24 hours and approximately 40 minutes to rotate once.

Marsu je potrebno otprilike 24 sati i 40 minuta da se okrene jednom.

So that means that the Martian day is 40 minutes longer than the Earth day.

Dakle, to znači da je dan na Marsu 40 minuta duži od dana na Zemlji.

So teams of people who are operating the rovers on Mars, like this one,

Dakle timovi ljudi koji upravljaju roverima na Marsu, kao što je ovaj jedan,

what we are doing is we are living on Earth, but working on Mars.

ono što radimo je da živimo na Zemlji, ali radimo na Marsu.

So we have to think as if we are actually on Mars with the rover.

Dakle, mi moramo razmišljati kao da smo zapravo na Marsu s roverom.

Our job, the job of this team, of which I'm a part of,

Naš posao je, posao tog tima, kojeg sam ja dio,

is to send commands to the rover to tell it what to do the next day.

slanje naredbi roveru i reći joj što učiniti sljedeći dan.

To tell it to drive or drill or tell her whatever she's supposed to do.

Reći joj da se vozi ili buši ili joj reći što god da je potrebno učiniti.

So while she's sleeping -- and the rover does sleep at night

Dakle, dok ona spava -- a rover spava noću

because she needs to recharge her batteries

jer treba napuniti svoje baterije

and she needs to weather the cold Martian night.

i treba prebroditi hladne Marsovske noći.

And so she sleeps.

I tako ona spava.

So while she sleeps, we work on her program for the next day.

Dakle, dok ona spava, radimo na njenom programu za sljedeći dan.

So I work the Martian night shift.

Dakle, ja radim noćnu smjenu na Marsu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So in order to come to work on the Earth at the same time every day on Mars --

Dakle, da bi došli na posao na Zemlji u isto vrijeme svaki dan na Marsu --

like, let's say I need to be at work at 5:00 p.m.,

kao, recimo moram biti na poslu u 5:00 sati popodne,

this team needs to be at work at 5:00 p.m. Mars time every day,

ovaj tim treba biti na poslu u 5:00 popodne po Marsovom vremenu svaki dan,

then we have to come to work on the Earth 40 minutes later every day,

onda moramo doći na posao na Zemlji 40 minuta kasnije svaki dan,

in order to stay in sync with Mars.

kako bi ostali sinkronizirani sa Marsom.

That's like moving a time zone every day.

To je poput pomicanja vremenske zone svaki dan.

So one day you come in at 8:00, the next day 40 minutes later at 8:40,

Dakle, jednog dana dođete u u 8:00, sutradan 40 minuta kasnije u 8:40,

the next day 40 minutes later at 9:20,

Idući dan 40 minuta kasnije u 9:20,

the next day at 10:00.

dan nakon toga u 10:00.

So you keep moving 40 minutes every day,

Znači, pomičete 40 minuta svaki dan,

until soon you're coming to work in the middle of the night --

sve dok ne dolazite na posao u sred noći --

the middle of the Earth night.

u sred Zemaljske noći.

Right? So you can imagine how confusing that is.

Jel'da? Možete zamisliti kako je to zbunjujuće.

Hence, the Mars watch.

Stoga, sat za Mars.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

This weights in this watch have been mechanically adjusted

Ovi utezi u ovom satu su mehanički podešeni

so that it runs more slowly.

da rade sporije.

Right? And we didn't start out --

Jel'da? I nismo počeli --

I got this watch in 2004

Dobila sam ovaj sat 2004. godine

when Spirit and Opportunity, the rovers back then.

tada sa roverima Spirit i Opportunity.

We didn't start out thinking

Nismo krenuli sa razmišljanjem

that we were going to need Mars watches.

kako ćemo trebati Marsovske satove.

Right? We thought, OK, we'll just have the time on our computers

Jel'da? Mislili smo, u redu, samo ćemo imati vrijeme na našim računalima

and on the mission control screens, and that would be enough.

i na kontrolnim zaslonima misije, i to će biti dovoljno.

Yeah, not so much.

Da, i ne baš.

Because we weren't just working on Mars time,

Jer nismo samo radili po Marsovskom vremenu,

we were actually living on Mars time.

mi smo zapravo živjeli po Marsovskom vremenu.

And we got just instantaneously confused about what time it was.

I odmah smo postali zbunjeni koliko je sati.

So you really needed something on your wrist to tell you:

Tako da ste stvarno trebali nešto na zapešću što će ti reći:

What time is it on the Earth? What time is it on Mars?

Koliko je sati na Zemlji? Koliko je sati na Marsu?

And it wasn't just the time on Mars that was confusing;

I nije samo vrijeme to što je bilo zbunjujuće;

we also needed to be able to talk to each other about it.

morali smo biti u mogućnosti razgovarati jedni s drugima o tome.

So a "sol" is a Martian day -- again, 24 hours and 40 minutes.

Dakle, "sol" je dan na Marsu -- ponovno, 24 sati i 40 minuta.

So when we're talking about something that's happening on the Earth,

Dakle, kada govorimo o nečemu što se događa na Zemlji,

we will say, today.

reći ćemo danas.

So, for Mars, we say, "tosol."

Dakle, za Mars, možemo reći: "dasol."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Yesterday became "yestersol" for Mars.

Jučer je postalo "jusol" za Mars.

Again, we didn't start out thinking, "Oh, let's invent a language."

Opet, nismo počeli sa razmišljanjem, "Oh, izmislimo jezik."

It was just very confusing.

Jednostavno je bilo vrlo zbunjujuće.

I remember somebody walked up to me and said,

Sjećam se netko mi je prišao i rekao,

"I would like to do this activity on the vehicle tomorrow, on the rover."

"Želio bih napraviti ovu aktivnost na vozilu sutra, na roveru."

And I said, "Tomorrow, tomorrow, or Mars, tomorrow?"

I rekla sam, "Sutra, sutra, ili Mars, sutra?"

We started this terminology because we needed a way to talk to each other.

Počeli smo sa tom terminologijom, jer smo morali imati način da razgovaramo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Tomorrow became "nextersol" or "solorrow."

Sutra je postalo "idusol" ili "soltra."

Because people have different preferences for the words they use.

Jer ljudi imaju različite preferencije za riječi koje koriste.

Some of you might say "soda" and some of you might say "pop."

Neki od vas bi mogli reći "piće" a neki od vas bi mogli reći "napitak."

So we have people who say "nextersol" or "solorrow."

Dakle, imamo ljude koji kažu "idusol" ili "soltra."

And then something that I noticed after a few years of working on these missions,

A onda nešto što sam primijetila nakon nekoliko godina rada na tim misijama,

was that the people who work on the rovers, we say "tosol."

je da mi koji radimo sa roverima, kažemo "susol."

The people who work on the landed missions that don't rove around,

Ljudi koji rade na misijama na tlu kojima cilj nije lutati okolo,

they say "tosoul."

kažu "susoul."

So I could actually tell what mission you worked on from your Martian accent.

Tako da mogu reći na kojoj ste misiji radili po vašem Marsovskom naglasku.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So we have the watches and the language, and you're detecting a theme here, right?

Dakle, imamo satove i jezik, i nazirete temu ovdje, zar ne?

So that we don't get confused.

Tako da nismo zbunjeni.

But even the Earth daylight could confuse us.

No, čak i Zemljino dnevno svjetlo nas može zbuniti.

If you think that right now, you've come to work

Ako pomislite da ste upravo sada, došli na posao

and it's the middle of the Martian night

sredina je Marsovske noći

and there's light streaming in from the windows

a svjetlo ulazi kroz prozore,

that's going to be confusing as well.

to će isto tako biti zbunjujuće.

So you can see from this image of the control room

Dakle, na ovoj slici kontrolne sobe možete vidjeti

that all of the blinds are down.

da su sve rolete spuštene.

So that there's no light to distract us.

Tako da nema svjetla koje nam odvraća pažnju.

The blinds went down all over the building about a week before landing,

Rolete su bile spuštene po cijeloj zgradi oko tjedan dana prije slijetanja,

and they didn't go up until we went off Mars time.

i nisu se podigle sve dok nismo prešli sa Marsovskog vremena.

So this also works for the house, for at home.

Dakle, to također vrijedi i za kuću, po doma.

I've been on Mars time three times, and my husband is like,

Bila sam na Marsovskom vremena tri puta, i moj muž je rekao,

OK, we're getting ready for Mars time.

OK, spremamo se za Marsovsko vrijeme.

And so he'll put foil all over the windows and dark curtains and shades

I tako će on staviti foliju preko prozora i tamne zavjese i zastore

because it also affects your families.

jer ujedno djeluje i na tvoj obitelji.

And so here I was living in kind of this darkened environment, but so was he.

I tako sam živjela u zatamnjenom okolišu, ali isto tako je i on.

And he'd gotten used to it.

I priviknuo se.

But then I would get these plaintive emails from him when he was at work.

Ali onda bih dobila tugaljive e-mailove od njega dok je bio na poslu.

Should I come home? Are you awake?

Trebam li doći kući? Jesi li budna?

What time is it on Mars?

Koliko je sati na Marsu?

And I decided, OK, so he needs a Mars watch.

I odlučila sam, u redu, potreban mu je Marsovski sat.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But of course, it's 2016, so there's an app for that.

Ali, naravno, to je 2016. godina, pa postoji aplikacija za to.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So now instead of the watches, we can also use our phones.

Tako sada umjesto satova, možemo koristiti naše telefone.

But the impact on families was just across the board;

No, utjecaj na obitelj je bio potpun;

it wasn't just those of us who were working on the rovers

nije bio samo na nama koji smo radili sa roverima,

but our families as well.

već i na našim obiteljima.

This is David Oh, one of our flight directors,

Ovo je David Oh, jedan od naših direktora leta,

and he's at the beach in Los Angeles with his family at 1:00 in the morning.

i on je na plaži u Los Angeles-u sa svojom obitelji u 1:00 ujutro.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So because we landed in August

Jer smo sletjeli u kolovozu,

and his kids didn't have to go back to school until September,

a njegova se djeca ne moraju vratiti u školu sve do rujna,

they actually went on to Mars time with him for one month.

oni su se prebacili s njime na Marsovsko vrijeme za cijeli jedan mjesec.

They got up 40 minutes later every day.

Ustali su 40 minuta kasnije svakog dana.

And they were on dad's work schedule.

I bili su na tatinom rasporedu.

So they lived on Mars time for a month and had these great adventures,

Tako da su živjeli na Marsovskom vremenu mjesec dana i doživjeli su avanture;

like going bowling in the middle of the night

poput kuglanja usred noći

or going to the beach.

ili odlaska na plažu.

And one of the things that we all discovered

I jedna od stvari koju smo svi otkrili

is you can get anywhere in Los Angeles

je da možete ići bilo gdje u Los Angeles-u

at 3:00 in the morning when there's no traffic.

u 3:00 ujutro kada nema prometa.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So we would get off work,

Tako da bismo završili s poslom,

and we didn't want to go home and bother our families,

i nismo htjeli ići kući i uznemiravati naše obitelji,

and we were hungry, so instead of going locally to eat something,

a bili smo gladni, i umjesto da odemo pojesti nešto blizu,

we'd go, "Wait, there's this great all-night deli in Long Beach,

rekli bismo, "Čekaj, ima odličan restoran koji radi cijelu noć u Long Beachu,

and we can get there in 10 minutes!"

i možemo doći tamo za 10 minuta! "

So we would drive down -- it was like the 60s, no traffic.

Tako da bismo se vozili tamo -- bilo je poput 60-ih, bez prometa.

We would drive down there, and the restaurant owners would go,

Vozili bi do tamo, a vlasnici restorana bi pitali,

"Who are you people?

"Tko ste vi ljudi?

And why are you at my restaurant at 3:00 in the morning?"

I zašto ste u mom restoranu u 3:00 ujutro?"

So they came to realize that there were these packs of Martians,

Spoznali su da postoje horde Marsovaca.

roaming the LA freeways, in the middle of the night --

lutajući autocestama LA-a usred noći --

in the middle of the Earth night.

usred Zemaljske noći.

And we did actually start calling ourselves Martians.

I počeli smo se zapravo nazivati Marsovcima.

So those of us who were on Mars time would refer to ourselves as Martians,

Dakle, mi koji bismo bili na Marsovskom vremenu bi se nazivali Marsovcima,

and everyone else as Earthlings.

a sve ostale bi zvali Zemljanima.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And that's because when you're moving a time-zone every day,

A to je zato kada pomičete vremensku zonu svaki dan,

you start to really feel separated from everyone else.

počinjete se osjećati odvojeno od svih ostalih.

You're literally in your own world.

Doslovno ste u svom svijetu.

So I have this button on that says, "I survived Mars time. Sol 0-90."

Dakle, imam ovaj gumb na kojem piše "Preživjela Marsovsko vrijeme. Sol 0-90."

And there's a picture of it up on the screen.

A gore na zaslonu je slika tog gumba.

So the reason we got these buttons is because we work on Mars time

Razlog zašto smo dobili te gumbove je jer radimo po Marsovskom vremenu

in order to be as efficient as possible with the rover on Mars,

kako bi bili što učinkovitiji sa roverima na Marsu,

to make the best use of our time.

kako bi najbolje upotrijebili naše vrijeme.

But we don't stay on Mars time for more than three to four months.

Ali ne ostajemo na Marsovskom vremenu duže od tri do četiri mjeseca.

Eventually, we'll move to a modified Mars time, which is what we're working now.

Na kraju, prebacit ćemo se na modificirano Marsovsko vrijeme, kako sad radimo.

And that's because it's hard on your bodies, it's hard on your families.

A to je zato jer uzima danak na vaše tijelo, na vaše obitelji.

In fact, there were sleep researchers who actually were studying us

Zapravo, bili su znanstvenici iz polja spavanja, koji su nas proučavali

because it was so unusual for humans to try to extend their day.

jer je bilo toliko neobično za ljude nastojati produžiti svoj dan.

And they had about 30 of us

I imali su nas oko 30

that they would do sleep deprivation experiments on.

nad kojima će provoditi eksperimente nedostatka sna.

So I would come in and take the test and I fell asleep in each one.

Tako bih došla i uzela test i zaspala bih u svakom od njih.

And that was because, again, this eventually becomes hard on your body.

A to je zato jer, ponovno, to postane teško za vaše tijelo.

Even though it was a blast.

Iako je bilo potpuno fora.

It was a huge bonding experience with the other members on the team,

To je bilo veliko iskustvo povezivanja s drugim članovima u timu,

but it is difficult to sustain.

ali je to teško održati.

So these rover missions are our first steps out into the solar system.

Tako su te misije roverima naši prvi koraci u Sunčevom sustavu.

We are learning how to live on more than one planet.

Učimo kako živjeti na više od jednog planeta.

We are changing our perspective to become multi-planetary.

Mijenjamo našu perspektivu kako bismo postali multi-planetarni.

So the next time you see a Star Wars movie,

Dakle, sljedeći put kada vidite Star Wars film,

and there are people going from the Dagobah system to Tatooine,

i postoje ljudi koji idu od Dagobah sustava do Tatooine,

think about what it really means to have people spread out so far.

razmislite što to zapravo znači imati ljudi proširene toliko daleko.

What it means in terms of the distances between them,

Što to znači u smislu udaljenosti između njih,

how they will start to feel separate from each other

kako će se početi osjećati udaljenima jedni od drugih

and just the logistics of the time.

i o samoj logistici vremena.

We have not sent people to Mars yet, but we hope to.

Još uvijek nismo poslali ljude na Mars, ali se nadamo da hoćemo.

And between companies like SpaceX and NASA

A između tvrtki poput SpaceX-a i NASA-e

and all of the international space agencies of the world,

i svih međunarodnih svemirskih agencija na svijetu,

we hope to do that in the next few decades.

nadamo se da ćemo to učiniti u sljedećih nekoliko desetljeća.

So soon we will have people on Mars, and we truly will be multi-planetary.

Dakle, uskoro ćemo imati ljude na Marsu, i doista ćemo biti multi-planetarni.

And the young boy or the young girl

A mladi momak ili mlada djevojka

who will be going to Mars could be in this audience or listening today.

koji će ići na Mars bi mogli biti u ovoj publici ili slušati danas ovaj govor.

I have wanted to work at JPL on these missions since I was 14 years old

Htjela sam raditi u Laboratoriju za Mlazni Pogon na tim misijama otkad sam imala 14

and I am privileged to be a part of it.

i imam privilegiju biti dio toga.

And this is a remarkable time in the space program,

I ovo je izvanredno vrijeme u svemirskom programu,

and we are all in this journey together.

i svi smo na tom putovanju zajedno.

So the next time you think you don't have enough time in your day,

Zato sljedeći put kada mislite kako nemate dovoljno vremena u svom danu,

just remember, it's all a matter of your Earthly perspective.

sjetite se, to je samo stvar vaše Zemaljske perspektive.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)