How climate change affects your mental health | Britt Wray

112,290 views ・ 2019-09-20

TED


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Prevoditelj: Martina Peraic Recezent: Sanda L
00:13
For all that's ever been said about climate change,
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Pored svega što je izrečeno o klimatskim promjenama,
00:16
we haven't heard nearly enough about the psychological impacts
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nismo čuli ni približno dovoljno o psihološkim učincima
00:20
of living in a warming world.
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života u svijetu koji se zagrijava.
00:22
If you've heard the grim climate research
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Ako ste čuli za suhoparna klimatska istraživanja
00:24
that science communicators like me weave into our books and documentaries,
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koja publicisti znanosti poput mene upliću u naše knjige i dokumentarce,
00:28
you've probably felt bouts of fear, fatalism or hopelessness.
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vjerojatno ste osjetili nalete straha, fatalnosti i beznađa.
00:32
If you've been impacted by climate disaster,
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Ako ste bili zahvaćeni klimatskom katastrofom,
00:34
these feelings can set in much deeper,
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ovi osjećaji mogu se uvući mnogo dublje,
00:36
leading to shock, trauma,
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što može dovesti do šoka, traume,
00:39
strained relationships, substance abuse
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ugroženih odnosa, zloupotrebe opojnih tvari
00:41
and the loss of personal identity and control.
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i gubitka osobnog identiteta i kontrole.
00:44
Vital political and technological work is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
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Odvija se važan politički i tehnološki posao ublažavanja našeg klimatskog kaosa,
00:48
but I'm here to evoke a feeling in you
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ali danas sam ovdje kako bih u vama izazvala osjećaj
00:51
for why we also need our actions and policies
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zašto je potrebno da naše akcije i politike
00:54
to reflect an understanding of how our changing environments
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odražavaju razumijevanje kako naš okoliš koji prolazi promjenu
00:57
threaten our mental, social and spiritual well-being.
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prijeti našem mentalnom, društvenom i duhovnom blagostanju.
01:00
The anxiety, grief and depression of climate scientists and activists
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Tjeskoba, tuga i depresija klimatskih znanstvenika i aktivista
01:04
have been reported on for years.
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prepoznata je već godinama.
01:06
Trends we've seen after extreme weather events
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Nakon ekstremnih vremenskih događaja,
01:08
like hurricane Sandy or Katrina
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poput uragana Sandy ili Katrine,
01:10
for increased PTSD and suicidality.
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dolazi do većeg broja PTSP-a i nagona za samoubojstvom.
01:13
And there are rich mental-health data from northern communities
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Postoje brojni podaci o mentalnom zdravlju iz zajednica sjevernog podneblja
01:16
where warming is the fastest,
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gdje je zagrijavanje najbrže,
01:18
like the Inuit in Labrador,
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naprimjer Inuiti u Labradoru,
01:20
who face existential distress as they witness the ice,
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koji su suočeni s egzistencijalnim užasom dok gledaju kako led,
01:23
a big part of their identity,
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velik dio njihovog identiteta,
01:24
vanishing before their eyes.
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nestaje pred njihovim očima.
01:27
Now if that weren't enough,
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Kao da to nije dovoljno,
01:28
the American Psychological Association
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Američko udruženje psihologa
01:30
says that our psychological responses to climate change,
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kaže kako su u porastu psihološke reakcije na klimatske promjene,
01:33
like conflict avoidance, helplessness and resignation, are growing.
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poput izbjegavanje sukoba, bespomoćnost i pomirenost sa sudbinom.
01:38
This means that our conscious and unconscious mental processes
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To znači da nas naši svjesni i nesvjesni mentalni procesi
01:41
are holding us back
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sprječavaju
01:42
from identifying the causes of the problem for what they are,
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u identificiranju uzroka problema samih po sebi,
01:45
working on solutions and fostering our own psychological resilience,
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radu na rješenjima i njegovanju naše vlastite psihološke otpornosti,
01:48
but we need all those things to take on what we've created.
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ali sve te stvari su nam potrebne za suočavanje s onim što smo stvorili.
01:52
Lately, I've been studying a phenomenon
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U zadnje vrijeme proučavam fenomen
01:54
that's just one example of the emotional hardships
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koji je tek jedan primjer emocionalnih poteškoća
01:57
that we're seeing.
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kojima svjedočimo.
01:58
And it comes in the form of a question
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On dolazi u obliku pitanja
02:00
that a significant amount of people in my generation are struggling to answer.
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za koje se mnogi ljudi moga naraštaja pate pronaći odgovor.
02:04
That being:
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A to je:
02:06
Should I have a child in the age of climate change?
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trebam li imati dijete u dobu klimatskih promjena?
02:09
After all, any child born today
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Naposljetku, svako dijete rođeno danas
02:11
will have to live in a world where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires --
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morat će živjeti u svijetu u kojem će uragani, poplave, šumski požari --
02:14
what we used to call natural disasters --
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sve što smo nekada nazivali prirodnim katastrofama --
02:16
have become commonplace.
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postati uobičajeni.
02:18
The hottest 20 years on record occurred within the last 22.
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Najtoplijih 20 godina ikada zabilježenih dogodile su se u posljednje 22 godine.
02:23
The UN expects that two-thirds of the global population
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Ujedinjeni narodi očekuju da će se dvije trećine svjetske populacije
02:25
may face water shortages only six years from now.
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susresti s nedostatkom vode za samo šest godina.
02:29
The World Bank predicts that by 2050,
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Svjetska banka predviđa da će do 2050. godine
02:31
there's going to be 140 million climate refugees
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biti 140 milijuna klimatskih izbjeglica
02:34
in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and South Asia.
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u supsaharskoj Africi, Latinskoj Americi i južnoj Aziji.
02:37
And other estimates put that number at over one billion.
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Druge procjene povećavaju tu brojku na milijardu.
02:41
Mass migrations and resource scarcity
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Masovne seobe i manjak resursa
02:43
increase the risk for violence, war and political instability.
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povećavaju rizik od nasilja, rata i političke nestabilnosti.
02:48
The UN just reported that we are pushing up to a million species to extinction,
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UN je upravo izvijestio da guramo oko milijun vrsta u izumiranje,
02:52
many within decades,
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mnoge u roku nekoliko desetljeća,
02:54
and our emissions are still increasing, even after the Paris Agreement.
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a štetne emisije se i dalje povećavaju, čak i nakon Pariškog dogovora o klimi.
02:59
Over the last year and a half,
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U zadnjih godinu i pol
03:00
I've been conducting workshops and interviews
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provodila sam radionice i razgovore
03:03
with hundreds of people
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sa stotinama ljudi
03:04
about parenting in the climate crisis.
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o roditeljstvu u doba klimatske krize.
03:06
And I can tell you
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I mogu vam reći
03:07
that people who are worried about having kids because of climate change
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da ljudi zabrinuti oko imanja djece zbog klimatskih promjena,
nisu motivirani nekakvim samotnjačkim ponosom.
03:11
are not motivated by an ascetic pride.
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03:13
They're nerve-racked.
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Oni su izbezumljeni.
03:14
There's even a movement called BirthStrike,
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Postoji čak i pokret imena BirthStrike (Porodni štrajk),
03:16
whose members have declared they're not going to have kids
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čiji članovi su se obavezali da neće imati djecu
zbog trenutnog stanja ekološke krize
03:19
because of the state of the ecological crisis
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te inertnosti vlada da se pozabave ovom egzistencijalnom prijetnjom.
03:21
and inaction from governments to address this existential threat.
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03:24
And yes, other generations have also faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
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Drugi naraštaji su se također susreli s vlastitim apokaliptičnim opasnostima,
03:28
but that is no reason to disregard the very real threat to our survival now.
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ali to nije razlog da odbacimo ovu vrlo stvarnu prijetnju našem opstanku sada.
03:32
Some feel that it's better to adopt children.
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Neki osjećaju da je bolje posvojiti djecu.
03:35
Or that it's unethical to have more than one,
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Ili da je neetično imati više od jednog djeteta,
03:37
especially three, four or more,
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posebno tri, četiri ili više,
03:39
because kids increase greenhouse gas emissions.
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jer djeca povećavaju emisije stakleničkih plinova.
03:42
Now, it is a really unfortunate state of affairs
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To je zaista nesretno stanje stvari
03:45
when people who want kids sacrifice their right to
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ako ljudi koji žele djecu žrtvuju svoje pravo na to
03:48
because, somehow, they have been told that their lifestyle choices are to blame
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jer im je nekako dano do znanja da su njihovi životni izbori krivci,
03:52
when the fault is far more systemic,
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dok je krivnja zapravo sustavna,
03:54
but let's just unpack the logic here.
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ali razložimo logiku iza toga.
03:57
So an oft-cited study shows that, on average,
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Jedna vrlo citirana studija pokazuje da u prosjeku
03:59
having one less child in an industrialized nation
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imati jedno dijete manje u industrijskoj zemlji
04:02
can save about 59 tons of carbon dioxide per year.
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može uštedjeti oko 59 tona ugljičnog dioksida godišnje.
04:06
While in comparison,
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Za usporedbu,
04:08
living car-free saves nearly 2.5 tons,
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život bez automobila uštedi oko 2,5 tone,
04:11
avoiding a transatlantic flight -- and this is just one --
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izbjegavanje prekooceanskog leta -- samo jednog --
04:14
saves about 1.5 tons,
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štedi oko 1,5 tonu,
04:16
and eating a plant-based diet can save almost one ton per year.
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a biljna prehrana može uštedjeti gotovo 1 tonu godišnje.
04:20
And consider that a Bangladeshi child
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Uzmite u obzir da dijete u Bangladešu
04:23
only adds 56 metric tons of carbon to their parents' carbon legacy
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dodaje tek 56 tona ugljičnog dioksida na ugljičnu ostavštinu svojih roditelja
04:27
over their lifetime,
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tijekom cijelog svog života,
04:28
while an American child, in comparison, adds 9,441 to theirs.
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dok dijete u Americi dodaje 9,441 tona.
04:34
So this is why some people argue
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Zato mnogi ljudi zastupaju tvrdnju
04:35
that it's parents from nations with huge carbon footprints
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da bi roditelji iz zemalja s velikim ugljičnim otiskom
04:38
who should think the hardest about how many kids they have.
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morali najozbiljnije razmišljati o tome koliko djece imati.
04:41
But the decision to have a child and one's feelings about the future
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Ali odluka o imanju djeteta i osjećaji pojedinca o budućnosti
04:45
are deeply personal,
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su duboko osobne stvari,
04:46
and wrapped up in all sorts of cultural norms,
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i upletene su u različite kulturne norme,
04:48
religious beliefs, socioeconomic status, education levels and more.
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religijska vjerovanja, socioekonomski status, razinu obrazovanja i tako dalje.
04:53
And so to some, this debate about kids in the climate crisis
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A nekima se ova rasprava o imanju djece u klimatskoj krizi
04:56
can seem like it came from another planet.
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čini kao da dolazi s drugog planeta.
04:58
Many have more immediate threats to their survival to think about,
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Mnogi imaju mnogo neposrednije prijetnje opstanku na koje moraju misliti,
05:01
like, how they're going to put food on the table,
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kako se prehraniti
ako su samohrane majke koje rade tri posla,
05:04
when they're a single mom working three jobs,
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ili ako su HIV pozitivni, ili ako su u kamionu punom migranata.
05:06
or they're HIV positive or on the move in a migrant caravan.
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05:09
Tragically, though, climate change is really great at intersectionality.
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Tragično je što su klimatske promjene jako uspješne u miješanju uzroka.
05:13
It multiplies the stresses marginalized communities already face.
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One umnožavaju stres s kojim se rubne skupine već suočavaju.
05:18
A political scientist once said to me that a leading indicator
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Politički znanstvenik mi je jednom rekao kako bi vodeći pokazatelj
05:21
that climate change is starting to hit home, psychologically,
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da su klimatske promjene zaživjele, psihološki,
05:24
would be an increase in the rate of informed women
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mogao biti povećani udio informiranih žena
05:26
deciding to not have children.
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koje odlučuju ne imati djecu.
05:29
Interesting.
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Zanimljivo.
05:31
Is it hitting home with you, psychologically?
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Je li to i kod vas zaživjelo, psihološki?
05:34
Are you perhaps someone with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
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Imate li vi možda predtraumatski stres povezan s klimom?
05:38
A climate psychiatrist coined that term,
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Taj pojam izumio je klimatski psihijatar,
05:40
and that's a profession now, by the way, shrinks for climate woes.
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a to je zanimanje koje je sada, usput, u padu zbog klimatskih boljki.
05:44
They're getting work at a time when some high schoolers
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Rade u doba kada neki srednjoškolci
05:46
don't want to apply to university any longer,
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ne žele više ići na fakultete,
05:48
because they can't foresee a future for themselves.
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zato što ne mogu vidjeti budućnost za sebe.
05:51
And this brings me back to my main point.
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A to me dovodi do glavne tvrdnje.
05:54
The growing concern about having kids in the climate crisis
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Rastuća zabrinutost oko imanja djece u klimatskoj krizi
05:57
is an urgent indicator of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
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je hitan pokazatelj toga pod kakvim se pritiskom ljudi osjećaju.
06:03
Right now, students around the world are screaming for change
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Trenutno studenti diljem svijeta vrište za promjenom
06:06
in the piercing voice of despair.
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prodornim glasom očaja.
06:09
And the fact that we can see how we contribute to this problem
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A činjenica da možemo vidjeti kako doprinosimo tom problemu
06:12
that makes us feel unsafe
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koji nas čini nesigurnima
06:14
is crazy-making in itself.
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je ludilo samo po sebi.
06:16
Climate change is all-encompassing
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Klimatske promjene su sveobuhvatne,
06:18
and so are the ways that it messes with our minds.
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baš kao i načini kako to remeti naše umove.
06:22
Many activists will tell you
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Mnogi aktivisti će vam reći
06:24
that the best antidote to grief is activism.
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kako je najbolji lijek za tugu baviti se aktivizmom.
06:26
And some psychologists will tell you the answer can be found in therapy.
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A neki psiholozi će vam reći kako je odgovor moguće naći u terapiji.
06:30
Others believe the key is to imagine you're on your deathbed,
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Drugi vjeruju da je bitno zamisliti se na smrtnoj postelji,
06:33
reflecting back on what's mattered the most in your life,
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razmišljajući o tome što je bilo najvažnije u vašem životu,
06:35
so you can identify what you should do more of now,
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kako biste identificirali što je to što morate više činiti sada,
s vremenom koje vam je preostalo.
06:38
with the time that you have left.
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Potrebne su nam sve te ideje, i još više,
06:40
We need all these ideas, and more,
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06:41
to take care of our innermost selves
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kako bismo se pobrinuli za naše unutarnje "ja",
06:43
as the environments we've known become more punishing towards us.
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jer naš okoliš kakav poznajemo nas sve više kažnjava.
06:47
And whether you have children or not,
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Imate li djecu ili nemate,
06:49
we need to be honest about what is happening,
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moramo biti iskreni oko toga što se događa
06:52
and what we owe one another.
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i što dugujemo jedni drugima.
06:55
We cannot afford to treat
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Ne možemo si priuštiti
06:56
the psychological impacts of climate change
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da psihološki učinci klimatskih promjena
06:58
as some afterthought,
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budu samo u dalekoj primisli,
07:00
because the other issues, of science, technology and the politics and economy,
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zato što se drugi problemi, znanstveni, tehnološki, politički, ekonomski,
07:04
feel hard, while this somehow feels soft.
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čine teškima, dok se ovo nekako čini laganim.
07:08
Mental health needs to be an integral part
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Mentalno zdravlje mora biti sastavnim dijelom
07:11
of any climate change survival strategy,
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svake strategije opstanka u klimatskim promjenana,
07:13
requiring funding, and ethics of equity and care,
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zahtijeva ulaganja i etiku jednakosti i njege
07:16
and widespread awareness.
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te raširenu svjesnost.
07:18
Because even if you're the most emotionally avoidant person on the planet,
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Jer čak i da ste emocionalno najotpornija osoba na planetu,
07:22
there's no rug in the world that's big enough to sweep this up under.
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nema tepiha dovoljno velikog pod koji biste to mogli pomesti.
07:25
Thank you.
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Hvala.
07:26
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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