What's at the bottom of the ocean -- and how we're getting there | Victor Vescovo

347,065 views ใƒป 2019-08-02

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Hasan Mothaffar ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Amany Allam
00:12
David Biello: So Victor, what have you been up to?
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ ุจูŠู„ูˆ: ุฅุฐุงู‹ ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุชูŽ ุชุนู…ู„ุŸ
00:17
Victor Vescovo: That's the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean,
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ ููŠุณูƒูˆููˆ: ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทู ุงู„ุฃุทู„ู†ุทูŠุŒ
00:19
and I guess I read too much Jules Verne as a young boy,
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ู‚ุฑุฃุชู ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑูŽ ู…ู† ุฃุนู…ุงู„ู ุฌูˆู„ุฒ ููŠุฑู† ููŠ ุทููˆู„ุชูŠุŒ
00:22
and so for the last four years I've led a team to design and build
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ุฏุชู ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนู ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ูุฑูŠู‚ุงู‹ ู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ู ูˆุจู†ุงุก
00:26
what is now the most advanced and deepest diving submersible on the planet,
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ุฃูƒุซุฑูŽ ุบูˆู‘ุงุตุฉู ู…ุชุทูˆู‘ุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุถ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจุŒ
ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‘ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉู ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุฏุชู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณูŠ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹.
00:30
and I have the ability to personally pilot it too.
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00:32
So this was us in December of last year,
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุบุตู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ ููŠ ุฏูŠุณู…ุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
00:35
for the first time -- the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
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ู„ุฃูˆู‘ู„ ู…ุฑู‘ุฉุŒ ููŠ ู‚ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทู ุงู„ุฃุทู„ู†ุทูŠ.
00:37
DB: And nobody's seen that before right?
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ูˆู„ู… ูŠุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
00:39
That's just you. VV: No.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุตุญูŠุญ.
00:41
Well, now everybody else.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‚ุฏ ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡.
00:42
DB: Who does that?
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ู…ู† ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนู ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุนู„ุŸ
00:45
Like --
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ...
00:46
VV: Well, I think everyone has seen the developments in the last 10, 15 years.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏู ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุนูŽ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุงูŠุฉู ุจุชุทูˆู‘ุฑุงุชู ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ุงู„10-15 ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
00:50
You have a bunch of people that have the means to explore outer space,
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ููŠูˆุฌุฏู ุฃู†ุงุณูŒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏู ูˆุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ู„ุงุณุชูƒุดุงูู ุงู„ูุถุงุกู ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠู‘ -
00:53
like SpaceX or Blue Origin --
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ู…ุซู„ ุณุจูŠุณ ุฅูƒุณ ูˆุจู„ูˆ ุฃูˆุฑูŠุฌูŠู† -
ูˆู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต -
00:56
those guys --
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุณุชูƒุดู ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชู‘ุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ.
00:57
and we're going the other direction.
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ูู‡ูŠ ุญู‚ุจุฉูŒ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุญู‚ู‘ุงู‹
00:59
So it's a wonderful era
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01:00
of private individuals spending their resources
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ุจุญูŠุซู ูŠู†ูู‚ู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุตูุชู‡ู… ุฃูุฑุงุฏุงู‹ ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตู‘ุฉ
01:02
to develop technologies that can take us to places
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ู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑู ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุชู ุชุณุชุทูŠุนู ุฃู† ุชุฃุฎูุฐู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู„ู… ุชุณุชูƒุดู ุจุนุฏ.
01:05
that have never been explored before,
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ูˆุฅู†ู‘ ู…ุญูŠุทุงุชู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
01:07
and the oceans of the world is --
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01:09
it's almost a clichรฉ to say it's 70 percent of our entire planet,
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ุชุดูƒู‘ู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ 70 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ูƒูˆูƒุจู†ุงุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆู„ุฉู ู…ุจุชุฐู„ุฉุŒ
01:12
and of that, 95 percent is unexplored.
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ูˆ95 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูƒุชุดูุฉู ุจุนุฏ.
01:15
So what we're trying to do with our expedition
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ุฏูู†ุง ู…ู† ุจุนุซุชู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
01:17
is to build and prove out a submersible
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ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุงุกู ุบูˆู‘ุงุตุฉู ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠู‘ ู†ู‚ุทุฉู ู…ู† ู‚ุงุนู ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ
01:19
that can go to any point on the bottom of the planet
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01:22
to explore the 60 percent of this planet that is still unexplored.
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ู„ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุกู ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุดูุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุซู‘ู„ู 60 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ูƒูˆูƒุจู†ุง.
01:27
DB: You need a pretty cool tool to do that, right?
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุฃู„ุณุชูŽ ุจุญุงุฌุฉู ุฅู„ู‰ ุขู„ุฉู ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉู ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŸ
01:29
VV: Right.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุจู„ู‰.
01:30
Now the tool is the submarine, the Limiting Factor.
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ุฃุฏุงุชู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุบูˆู‘ุงุตู‘ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏุนู‰ (ุงู„ุญุฏู‘ ุงู„ูุงุตู„)
01:33
It's a state-of-the-art vessel
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุญุฏุซู ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุณูู†.
01:35
supported by the support ship, the Pressure Drop.
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ูˆุชุฏุนู…ู‡ุง ุณููŠู†ุฉูŒ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชุฏุนู‰ (ู‡ุจูˆุท ุงู„ุถุบุท)
01:37
It has a two-person titanium sphere, 90 millimeters-thick,
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ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุญุฌุฑุฉูŒ ุชุชู‘ุณุน ู„ุดุฎุตูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุซุฎู†ู‡ุง 90 ู…ูŠู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
01:40
that keeps it at one atmosphere,
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ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑุงู‹.
01:41
and it has the ability to dive repeatedly
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉูŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบูˆุต ู…ุฑุงุฑุงู‹ ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑุงู‹
01:44
down to the very deepest point of the ocean.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนู…ู‚ู ู†ู‚ุทุฉู ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท.
01:47
DB: So like the SpaceX of ocean exploration?
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ูŠ ุชูƒุงูุฆู ุชู‚ู†ูŠู‘ุงุช (ุณุจูŠุณ ุฅูƒุณ) ู„ูƒู†ู‘ ุงู„ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŸ
01:51
VV: Yeah, it's kind of the SpaceX of ocean exploration,
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุชุดุจู‡ู‡ุงุŒ
ู„ูƒู†ู‘ู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆุฏู ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุตู…ู‘ู…ู‡ุง.
01:54
but I pilot my own vehicles.
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01:55
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:57
DB: Are you going to take Elon or...?
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ู‡ู„ ุณุชุตุทุญุจู ุฅูŠู„ูˆู† ุฃูˆ...ุŸ
02:00
VV: Yeah, I could take someone down there.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงุตุทุญุงุจู ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ู…ุนูŠุŒ
02:02
So, Elon, if you're listening,
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ูู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชูŽ ุชุณู…ุนู†ูŠุŒ ุฅูŠู„ูˆู†
02:04
I'll give you a ride in mine if you give me a ride in yours.
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ุณุฃุตุทุญุจูƒูŽ ู…ุนูŠ ุดุฑุทูŽ ุฃู† ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ูŠ ุจุฃู† ุฃุตุนุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุชูƒ.
02:07
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:10
DB: So tell us what it's like down there.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุฃุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ูˆุถุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ุŒ
02:12
I mean, we're talking about a place where the pressure is so intense
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ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู†ุญู†ู ู†ุชุญุฏู‘ุซู ุนู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู ุถุบุทู‡ู ุดุฏูŠุฏูŒ
02:16
that it's like putting an Eiffel Tower on your toe.
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ูุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูŠุดุจู‡ู ูˆุถุน ุจุฑุฌ ุฅูŠูู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุตุจุน ู‚ุฏู…ูƒ!
02:18
VV: It's more than that.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ู ุฃุดุฏู‘ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู†ุญูˆ 16000 ุจุงูˆู†ุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุด ู…ุฑุจุน
02:20
It's about 16,000 psi.
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02:21
So the issue is that we have this titanium sphere
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ูุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉู ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ ุญุฌุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฐู‡
02:23
that allows us to go down to these extreme depths
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ุญู ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุบูˆุตู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู‚
02:26
and come up repeatedly.
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ูˆุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌูŽ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑู‘ุงุชู ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ
02:28
That's never been done before.
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ู„ู… ุชุฌุฑู‘ุจ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุท.
02:29
The Challenger Deep has been dived twice,
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ุชู… ุงู„ุบูˆุตู ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนู…ู‚ ู†ู‚ุทุฉู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ุฑู‘ุชูŠู†ุŒ
02:31
once in 1960 and once in 2012 by James Cameron,
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ู…ุฑู‘ุฉู‹ ููŠ ุนุงู… 1960ุŒ ูˆุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนุงู… 2012ุŒ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฌูŠู…ุณ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑูˆู†.
02:34
and they went down and came back up and those were experimental craft.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุบุงุตูˆุง ูˆุนุงุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู‘ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉู‹ ู…ุฎุตู‘ุตุฉ ู„ู„ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ.
02:38
This is the first commercially certified submersible
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ู„ูƒู†ู‘ ู…ุฑูƒุชุจูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉู ู…ุตู‘ุฑุญูŒ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…
02:40
that can go up and down thousands of times with two people,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุบูˆุต ูˆุชุตุนุฏูŽ ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุชุŒ ูˆุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุดุฎุตูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง
02:44
including a scientist.
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉู ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู….
02:45
We're very proud that we took down
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ูˆู†ุญู† ูุฎูˆุฑูˆู† ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹ ุจุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ุงุตุทุญุจู†ุง ุตุงุญุจูŽ ุฃุนู…ู‚ ุฑุญู„ุฉู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ุŒ
02:47
the deepest-diving British citizen in history
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02:49
just three weeks ago, Dr. Alan Jamieson of Newcastle University
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ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุขู„ุงู† ุฌูŠู…ูŠุณูˆู† ู…ู† ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู†ูŠูˆูƒุงุณู„ ู‚ุจู„ูŽ ุซู„ุงุซุฉู ุฃุณุงุจูŠุนุŒ
02:52
who was down with us on the Java Trench.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุบุงุตูŽ ู…ุนู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู†ุฏู‚ ุฌุงูุง.
02:55
DB: So, not too much freaks you out, is what I'm guessing.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏู ุฃู† ุฑุญู„ุงุช ุงู„ุบูˆุต ู„ุง ุชุฎูŠููƒูŽ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุŸ
02:59
VV: Well, it's a lot different to go diving.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŽ ู…ุฎุชู„ููŒ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุบูˆุต.
03:02
If you're claustrophobic, you do not want to be in the submarine.
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ูุงู„ุบูˆู‘ุงุตุฉู ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ุชุฎุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉุŒ
03:05
We go down quite a distance
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ูู†ุญู†ู ู†ุฎูˆุถู ู…ุณุงูุฉู‹ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ
03:06
and the missions typically last eight to nine hours in a confined space.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ุฉู ุชุณุชุบุฑู‚ 8 ุฅู„ู‰ 9 ุณุงุนุงุชู ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉุŒ ููŠ ุญุฌุฑุฉู ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ.
ูุงู„ุฃู…ุฑู ู…ุฎุชู„ููŒ ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹ ุนู† ู…ู‡ู†ุชูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุณู„ู‘ู‚ ุงู„ุฌุจุงู„
03:10
It's very different from the career I had previously
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03:12
which was mountain climbing where you're in open spaces,
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ุญูŠุซู ุชุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†ู ูˆุงุณุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ุชู‡ุจู‘
03:15
the wind is whipping, it's very cold.
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ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆูู‘ ุจุงุฑุฏูŒ ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹ุŒ
ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ูู†ูŠู‘ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
03:17
This is the opposite. It's much more technical.
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03:19
It's much more about precision in using the instruments
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ูˆุชุนุชู…ุฏู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู‘ู‚ุฉู ููŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู‘ุงุช
03:21
and troubleshooting anything that can go wrong.
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ูˆุฅุตู„ุงุญู ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุกู ุฅู† ูˆูุฌุฏุช.
ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนู ุฅู† ุญุฏุซูŽ ุฎุทุฃูŒ ู…ุงุŒ ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุบูˆู‘ุงุตุฉ.
03:24
But if something really goes wrong in the submersible,
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03:26
you're not going to know it.
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(ุถุญูƒ)
03:28
(Laughter)
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03:29
DB: So you're afraid of leaks is what you're saying.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฎุดู‰ ุชุณุฑูŠุจูŽ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ุŒ ุฃู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุชู‚ุตุฏู‡ุŸ
03:32
VV: Leaks are not good, but if it's a leak that's happening,
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุงู„ุชุณุฑูŠุจุงุชู ู„ูŠุณุช ุฃู…ุฑุงู‹ ุฌูŠู‘ุฏุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุญุฏุซุช ูุนู„ุงู‹
03:34
it's not that bad because if it was really bad
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ูู„ู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูŠู‘ุฆุฉุŒ ูˆุญุชู‰ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุดุนุฑ ุจู‡ุง
03:37
you wouldn't know it, again, but --
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(ุถุญูƒ)
03:38
you know, fire in the capsule, that wouldn't be good either,
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ุงู†ุฏู„ุงุนู ุงู„ู†ุงุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑุฉ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุณูŠุฆุงู‹ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
ู„ูƒู†ู‘ ุงู„ุบูˆู‘ุงุตุฉูŽ ุขู…ู†ุฉูŒ ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹.
03:41
but it's actually a very safe submersible.
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03:43
I like to say I don't trust a lot of things in life,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุดุฌู‘ุน ุงู„ูˆุซูˆู‚ ุจุนุฏูŠุฏู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ
03:46
but I do trust titanium, I trust math
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ู„ูƒู†ู‘ู†ูŠ ุฃุซู‚ู ุจุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุชุŒ
03:48
and I trust finite element analysis,
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ูˆุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠุฉ
03:50
which is how you figure out
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุฑูู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุทูŠุนู ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุชุญู…ู‘ู„ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„
03:51
whether or not things like this can survive
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03:53
these extraordinary pressures and conditions.
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ูˆุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„ุตุนุจุฉ.
03:55
DB: And that sphere is so perfectly machined, right?
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑุฉ ู…ุตู†ูˆุนุฉ ุขู„ูŠู‘ุงู‹ ุจุฏู‚ู‘ุฉู ู…ุชู†ุงู‡ูŠุฉุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
03:58
This is a truly unique craft.
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ุฃุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุญู‚ู‘ุงู‹ ุชุญูุฉูŒ ู…ู…ูŠู‘ุฒุฉ.
04:00
VV: That was the real trick --
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุกู ุงู„ุฃุตุนุจู ุญู‚ู‘ุงู‹ - ุจู†ุงุกู ุญุฌุฑุฉู ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู…
04:02
is actually building a titanium sphere
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04:04
that was accurate to within .1 percent of machine.
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ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ุชุจู„ุบ 0,1 ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ.
04:07
Titanium is a hard metal to work
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ุงู„ุนู…ู„ู ุตุนุจูŒ ู…ุน ู…ุนุฏู† ุงู„ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ููƒุซูŠุฑูŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู†ู ุขู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„
04:09
and a lot of people haven't figured it out,
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ุญุธูˆุธูˆู† ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹. ู„ู‚ุฏ ุนู…ู„ุชู ู…ุน ูุฑูŠู‚ู ู…ุฐู‡ู„
04:11
but we were very fortunate.
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04:12
Our extraordinary team was able to make an almost perfect sphere,
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ุงุณุชุทุงุนูŽ ุฅู†ุดุงุกูŽ ุญุฌุฑุฉู ู…ุซุงู„ูŠู‘ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
04:15
which when you're subjecting something to pressure,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุซู‘ู„ู ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŽ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู„ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุชุนุฑู‘ุถ ู„ู‡.
04:18
that's the strongest geometry you can have.
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ูุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃู†ุฒู„ู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบูˆู‘ุงุตุฉ ูˆุชูุบู„ู‚ ูุชุญุชู‡ุงุŒ
04:20
When I'm in the submersible and that hatch closes,
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04:22
I'm confident that I'm going to go down and come back up.
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ุฃุดุนุฑู ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู ุจุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ูˆุงุซู‚ูŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุฒูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌุฏู‘ุฏุงู‹.
04:25
DB: And that's the thing you double-check --
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ูˆูŠุฌุจู ุฃู† ุชุชุฃูƒู‘ุฏ ู…ู† ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ู ุงู„ูุชุญุฉุŸ
04:27
that the hatch is closed?
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู‚ุงุนุฏุชุงู† ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ุบูˆุงุตุฉ -
04:28
VV: There are only two rules in diving a submarine.
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ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹: ุฃุบู„ู‚ ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ ุจุฅุญูƒุงู…
04:31
Number one is close the hatch securely.
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ุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹: ุนุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰.
04:33
Number two is go back to rule number one.
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:35
DB: Alright so, Atlantic Ocean: check.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุฃุทู„ู†ุทูŠุŒ
04:38
Southern Ocean: check.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุจูŠู‘ -
04:40
VV: No one has ever dived the Southern Ocean before.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ู„ู… ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุฃุญุฏูŒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ู‚ุทุŒ
04:42
I know why.
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ูˆุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ุณุจุจ:
04:44
It's really, really hostile.
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ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉู ู‚ุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ
04:45
The weather is awful.
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ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆู‘ ุณูŠุกูŒ ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹ุŒ
04:47
The word collision comes to mind.
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ูˆุชูƒุซุฑู ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุตุงุฏู…ุงุชุŒ
04:49
But we did that one, yes.
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชู…ูƒู†ู‘ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุบูˆุตุŒ ู†ุนู…
04:51
Glad that's over -- DB: Yeah --
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ูˆุณุนูŠุฏูŒ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง.
04:52
VV: Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
(ุชุตููŠู‚)
04:54
(Applause)
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04:55
DB: It's like you're racing through it.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุฃู†ุช ุชุนู…ู„ู ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‘ูƒ ููŠ ุณุจุงู‚.
04:57
And now the Indian Ocean, as Kelly mentioned.
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑุช ูƒูŠู„ูŠุŒ ู†ุฒู„ุชู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ.
04:59
VV: Yeah, that was three weeks ago.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ู†ุนู… ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ุจู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน.
05:01
We were fortunate enough to actually solve the mystery.
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ูƒู†ู‘ุง ู…ุญุธูˆุธูŠู† ู„ุญู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุฒุŒ ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ.
05:03
If someone had asked me three weeks ago,
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ุฅู† ุณุฃู„ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ู‚ุจู„ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน:
05:05
"What is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean?" --
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"ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉู ุงู„ุฃุนู…ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠุŸ"
05:08
no one really knew.
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู†ูŒ ุฃุญุฏูŒ ู„ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ.
05:09
There were two candidates,
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงู†:
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉูŒ ุบุฑุจ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุฎู†ุฏู‚ ุฌุงูุง.
05:11
one off of Western Australia and one in the Java Trench.
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05:13
We have this wonderful ship with a brilliant sonar.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุณููŠู†ุฉูŒ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ ู…ุฒูˆู‘ุฏุฉูŒ ุจุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ุณูˆู†ุงุฑุŒ
ุฑุณู…ู†ุง ุฎุฑูŠุทุชู‡ู…ุงุŒ
05:16
We mapped both of them.
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ูˆุฃุฑุณู„ู†ุง ู…ุณุงุจูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
05:17
We sent landers down to the bottom and verified.
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ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุชุญู‚ู‚ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ ุฃุนู…ู‚ ู†ู‚ุทุฉู ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒู ุฎู†ุฏู‚ ุฌุงูุงุŒ
05:19
It's actually in the center portion of the Java Trench,
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05:22
which is where no one thought it was.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู†ูŒ ู„ู… ูŠุชูˆู‚ุนู‡ ุฃุญุฏ.
05:24
In fact, every time we've completed one of our major dives,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุฌุฒู†ุง ู‡ุจูˆุทุงู‹ ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ุงู‹
05:27
we have to run off to Wikipedia and change it
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุฌุจู ุฃู† ู†ุนุฏู‘ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ููŠ ูˆูŠูƒูŠุจูŠุฏูŠุง
05:29
because it's completely wrong.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุฎุงุทุฆุฉูŒ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„.
05:30
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:32
DB: So it probably takes longer to get down there
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูŠูƒูˆู†ู ูˆู‚ุชู ุงู„ู†ุฒูˆู„ู ู„ู„ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ ุฃุทูˆู„ูŽ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุจู‚ุถุงุฆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŸ
05:35
than the time you're able to spend down there?
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05:37
VV: No, we actually spend quite a bit of time.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ู„ุงุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ู…ุถูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„.
05:40
I have four days of oxygen supply in the vessel.
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ู„ุฏูŠู‘ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉู ุฃูŠู‘ุงู…ู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ.
05:43
If I'm down there for four days,
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ุฅู† ุงุถุทู‘ุฑูŠุช ุฃู† ุฃู†ุฒู„ ู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… -
ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฎุทุจ ู…ุง - ู„ุฐุง ูุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจ ู„ู† ุฃุณุชุนู…ู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉุŒ
05:45
something's gone so wrong I'm probably not going to use it,
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05:47
but it's about three hours down to the deepest part of the ocean
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠู‘ุฉ ุชุณุชุบุฑู‚ ุซู„ุงุซ ุณุงุนุงุชู ู„ุฃุนู…ู‚ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
05:51
and then we can spend usually three or four hours
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ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู†ู…ุถูŠ 3 ุฃูˆ 4 ุณุงุนุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„
05:53
and then another three hours up.
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ูˆ3 ุณุงุนุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู„ุตุนูˆุฏ.
05:54
So you don't want to stay in there for more than 10 or 11 hours.
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ู„ู† ุชุฑูŠุฏู ุฃู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 10 ุฃูˆ 11 ุณุงุนุฉ - ูู‚ุฏ ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุถูŠู‚.
05:58
It can get a little tight.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงุณุชูƒุดูุชู… ู‚ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠ
05:59
DB: Alright, so the bottom of the Indian Ocean.
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06:01
And this is something that no one besides you has ever seen before --
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูŠุกูŒ ู„ู… ูŠุฑู‡ ุฃุญุฏูŒ ุบูŠุฑูƒุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
06:05
VV: This is actually imagery from one of our robotic landers.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุซูŒู‘ ู…ู† ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุจูŠุฑู ุงู„ุขู„ูŠุฉ.
06:09
On the bottom right you can actually see a robust assfish --
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุณู…ูƒุฉ (ุงู„ู…ุคุฎุฑุฉ) ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠู‘ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰ุŒ
06:12
that's what it's actually called.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
06:14
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:15
But you can see from the left a creature that's never been seen before.
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ู ู„ู… ูŠุฑู‡ ุฃุญุฏูŒ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ
06:18
It's actually a bottom-dwelling jellyfish called a stalked ascidian,
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ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ู‚ู†ุฏูŠู„ ุจุญุฑู ุณุงูƒู†ูŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ุŒ ูŠุฏุนู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‚.
06:22
and none of them have ever looked like this before.
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ูˆู„ู… ูŠุจุฏู ุฃุญุฏูŒ ู…ู† ุฌู†ุณู‡ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„.
06:24
It actually has a small child at the bottom of its stalk,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงุจู†ูŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนู†ูŠู‚ู‡
06:27
and it just drifted across beautifully.
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ูˆู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ูŠุทููˆ ุจุฌู…ุงู„ู ูˆุฑูˆุนุฉ.
06:29
So every single dive we have gone on,
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ููŠ ูƒู„ู‘ ุฑุญู„ุฉู ุฎุถู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ
06:32
even though we're only down there for a couple of hours,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู…ู ุฃู†ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ู ู„ุจุถุน ุณุงุนุงุชุŒ
06:34
we have found three or four new species
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ุงูƒุชุดูู†ุง 4 ุฃูˆ 5 ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช
06:36
because these are places that have been isolated for billions of years
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ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉู‹ ู„ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุงุชู ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู†
06:40
and no human being has ever been down there to film them
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ูˆู„ู… ูŠุณุชุทุน ุจุดุฑูŠูŒู‘ ู‚ุท ุฃู† ูŠู†ุฒู„ูŽ ู„ู„ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ ูƒูŠ ูŠูˆุซู‘ู‚ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุนูŠู‘ู†ุงุชู ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
06:43
or take samples.
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06:44
And so this is extraordinary for us --
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑู ู…ู…ูŠุฒูŒ ุฌุฏู‘ุงู‹ ู„ู†ุง.
06:46
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
06:48
So what we are hoping --
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู…ู„ู†ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฏูู ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠู‘ ู…ู† ู…ู‡ู…ู‘ุชู†ุงุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุงุกู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ
06:50
the main objective of our mission is to build this tool.
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06:53
This tool is a door,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฅู„ู‘ุง ุจุงุจ
06:55
because with this tool,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุณู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅู†ุดุงุกูŽ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
06:56
we'll be able to make more of them potentially
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06:58
and take scientists down to do thousands of dives,
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ูˆุงุตุทุญุงุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุกูŽ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุขู„ุงู ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุงุช
07:01
to open that door to exploration
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ู„ูุชุญู ุจุงุจู ุงู„ุงุณุชูƒุดุงูุŒ
07:03
and find things that we had no idea even existed.
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ูˆุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉูŒ.
07:06
DB: And so more people have been to space than the bottom of the ocean.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุนุฏุฏู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุตุนุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุถุงุก ุฃูƒุซุฑู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุบุงุตูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช
07:11
You're one of three.
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ูˆุฃู†ุชูŽ ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ
07:13
You're going to up that number, you're going to give it away.
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ูˆุณูˆู ุชุนู…ู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ.
07:16
VV: Yeah, three people have dived to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ู†ุนู…ุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุฉู ุฃุดุฎุงุตู ู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุงุน ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏุฆ
ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุดุฎุตุงู† ููŠ ุบูˆู‘ุงุตุฉ (USS Trieste) ุนุงู… 1960
07:19
The USS Trieste in 1960 with two individuals.
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07:21
James Cameron in 2012 with his Deep Sea Challenger --
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ูˆุฌูŠู…ุณ ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุนุงู… 2012 ู„ุฃุนู…ู‚ู ู†ู‚ุทุฉู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ
ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒ ุฌูŠู…ุŒ ุบูˆู‘ุงุตุฉูŒ ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉ.
07:24
thank you, Jim, great sub.
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07:25
This is a third-generation technology.
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ูˆุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ.
07:27
We're not only going to try and go down, actually in two weeks,
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ู„ู† ู†ุบูˆุตูŽ ูุญุณุจุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุฃุณุจูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ
07:30
but we're going to try and do it multiple times,
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ุจู„ ุณู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฑู‘ุงุช -
07:32
which has never been done before.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุกูŒ ู„ู… ูŠุญุตู„ ู…ุณุจู‚ุงู‹.
ุฅู† ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณู†ุซุจุชู ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง
07:34
If we can do that, we'll have proven the technology
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ูˆุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงุจู ุงู„ุงูƒุชุดุงูู ู…ูุชูˆุญุงู‹ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹.
07:36
and that door will not just go open, it will stay open.
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07:39
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
07:42
DB: Fantastic. Good luck.
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ุฏูŠููŠุฏ: ุฑุงุฆุน! ุญุธู‘ุงู‹ ู…ูˆูู‚ุงู‹.
07:44
VV: Thank you very much. DB: Thank you.
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ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒ.
ุฏูŠููŠุฏ ูˆููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ: ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
07:46
VV: Thank you all.
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07:47
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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