What's at the bottom of the ocean -- and how we're getting there | Victor Vescovo

Translator: Nur Shabrina Reviewer: Emi Kurnia

David Biello: So Victor, what have you been up to?

David Biello: Victor, apa yang sudah Anda lakukan?

Victor Vescovo: That's the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean,

Victor Vescovo: Mengarungi dasar Samudra Atlantik.

and I guess I read too much Jules Verne as a young boy,

Mungkin waktu kecil saya terlalu banyak membaca Jules Verne.

and so for the last four years I've led a team to design and build

Selama 4 tahun terakhir, saya memimpin tim untuk mendesain dan membangun

what is now the most advanced and deepest diving submersible on the planet,

kapal selam tercanggih saat ini, yang menyelami samudra terdalam di planet,

and I have the ability to personally pilot it too.

dan saya mampu mengemudikannya sendiri.

So this was us in December of last year,

Inilah kami pada Desember tahun lalu,

for the first time -- the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

untuk pertama kalinya -- di dasar Samudra Atlantik.

DB: And nobody's seen that before right?

DB: Belum pernah ada yang melihat, kan?

That's just you. VV: No.

Hanya Anda. VV: Tidak.

Well, now everybody else.

Sekarang semua sudah melihat.

DB: Who does that?

DB: Siapa yang melakukan itu?

Like --

Seperti --

VV: Well, I think everyone has seen the developments in the last 10, 15 years.

VV: Pasti semua orang mengikuti perkembangan 10-15 tahun terakhir.

You have a bunch of people that have the means to explore outer space,

Banyak orang memiliki sarana untuk menjelajahi ruang angkasa,

like SpaceX or Blue Origin --

seperti 'SpaceX' atau 'Blue Origin' -

those guys --

ya, mereka itu --

and we're going the other direction.

tetapi kami memiliki misi lain.

So it's a wonderful era

Jadi, ini saat yang tepat

of private individuals spending their resources

bagi individu untuk menggunakan sumber daya

to develop technologies that can take us to places

dalam pengembangan teknologi yang membawa kita

that have never been explored before,

ke tempat yang belum pernah dijelajahi.

and the oceans of the world is --

Luas seluruh samudra di dunia

it's almost a cliché to say it's 70 percent of our entire planet,

adalah 70 persen dari keseluruhan luas planet, walaupun terdengar klise,

and of that, 95 percent is unexplored.

dan 95 persennya sama sekali belum dijelajahi.

So what we're trying to do with our expedition

Jadi, yang kami coba lakukan dalam ekspedisi

is to build and prove out a submersible

adalah membangun kapal selam

that can go to any point on the bottom of the planet

yang dapat mencapai titik manapun di dasar planet ini

to explore the 60 percent of this planet that is still unexplored.

untuk menjelajahi 60 persen wilayah yang belum pernah dieksplorasi.

DB: You need a pretty cool tool to do that, right?

DB: Butuh alat canggih untuk melakukan itu, kan?

VV: Right.

VV: Betul.

Now the tool is the submarine, the Limiting Factor.

Alatnya adalah kapal selam, bernama 'Limiting Factor'.

It's a state-of-the-art vessel

Ini adalah kapal yang canggih

supported by the support ship, the Pressure Drop.

dilengkapi dengan kapal pendukung, 'Pressure Drop',

It has a two-person titanium sphere, 90 millimeters-thick,

yang memiliki bola titanium sebesar 2 orang, tebal 90 mm,

that keeps it at one atmosphere,

dan menahannya pada 1 atmosfer,

and it has the ability to dive repeatedly

serta memiliki kemampuan untuk menyelam berulang kali

down to the very deepest point of the ocean.

turun ke titik terdalam di samudra.

DB: So like the SpaceX of ocean exploration?

DB: Jadi seperti penjelajahan samudra SpaceX?

VV: Yeah, it's kind of the SpaceX of ocean exploration,

VV: Ya, semacam penjelajahan samudra SpaceX,

but I pilot my own vehicles.

bedanya, saya mengawaki kapal.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

DB: Are you going to take Elon or...?

DB: Apakah Anda akan mengajak Elon atau..?

VV: Yeah, I could take someone down there.

VV: Ya, saya bisa ajak seseorang ke sana.

So, Elon, if you're listening,

Jadi Elon, jika Anda mendengar.

I'll give you a ride in mine if you give me a ride in yours.

Ayo ikut di kapal saya, jika saya boleh ikut di kapal Anda.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

DB: So tell us what it's like down there.

DB: Coba ceritakan suasana di bawah sana.

I mean, we're talking about a place where the pressure is so intense

Maksud saya, kita bicara tentang tempat dengan tekanan yang sangat kuat,

that it's like putting an Eiffel Tower on your toe.

seperti meletakkan Menara Eiffel di jari kaki Anda.

VV: It's more than that.

VV: Lebih dari itu.

It's about 16,000 psi.

Tekanannya sekitar 16.000 psi.

So the issue is that we have this titanium sphere

Jadi, kami punya bola titanium yang dapat membawa

that allows us to go down to these extreme depths

kami turun ke kedalaman ekstrem ini

and come up repeatedly.

dan kembali ke atas berulang kali.

That's never been done before.

Hal itu belum pernah dilakukan.

The Challenger Deep has been dived twice,

'Challenger Deep' menyelam dua kali,

once in 1960 and once in 2012 by James Cameron,

pada tahun 1960 dan 2012, yang diawaki oleh James Cameron.

and they went down and came back up and those were experimental craft.

Mereka turun, lalu naik ke atas, dan itu adalah kapal percobaan.

This is the first commercially certified submersible

Ini kapal selam komersial pertama bersertifikat

that can go up and down thousands of times with two people,

yang dapat naik dan turun ribuan kali, bermuatan dua orang,

including a scientist.

termasuk seorang ilmuwan.

We're very proud that we took down

Kami sangat bangga bisa membawa

the deepest-diving British citizen in history

warga Inggris penyelam terdalam dalam sejarah,

just three weeks ago, Dr. Alan Jamieson of Newcastle University

Dr. Alan Jamieson dari Universitas Newcastle, 3 minggu lalu

who was down with us on the Java Trench.

yang ikut dalam ekspedisi kami di Palung Jawa.

DB: So, not too much freaks you out, is what I'm guessing.

DB: Jadi tidak membuat Anda terlalu takut, kan?

VV: Well, it's a lot different to go diving.

VV: Hal ini sangat berbeda dengan menyelam.

If you're claustrophobic, you do not want to be in the submarine.

Bila Anda klaustrofobik, Anda tidak ingin berada dalam kapal selam

We go down quite a distance

Kami menyelam cukup dalam

and the missions typically last eight to nine hours in a confined space.

dan misi ini biasanya berlangsung 8-9 jam di dalam ruang tertutup.

It's very different from the career I had previously

Sangat berbeda dengan karier saya sebelumnya,

which was mountain climbing where you're in open spaces,

yaitu mendaki gunung di alam terbuka, dengan tiupan

the wind is whipping, it's very cold.

angin kencang yang sangat dingin.

This is the opposite. It's much more technical.

Ini kebalikkanya. Lebih ke masalah teknis

It's much more about precision in using the instruments

dan ketepatan dalam menggunakan instrumen

and troubleshooting anything that can go wrong.

juga mengatasi setiap masalah yang terjadi.

But if something really goes wrong in the submersible,

Tetapi jika terjadi masalah di dalam kapal selam,

you're not going to know it.

Anda tidak akan tahu.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

DB: So you're afraid of leaks is what you're saying.

DB: Jadi Anda takut ada kebocoran, itu maksudnya?

VV: Leaks are not good, but if it's a leak that's happening,

VV: Kebocoran itu buruk, tapi bila kebocoran yang terjadi,

it's not that bad because if it was really bad

tidaklah begitu buruk karena bila sangat buruk

you wouldn't know it, again, but --

lagi-lagi, Anda tidak akan tahu, tapi

you know, fire in the capsule, that wouldn't be good either,

Anda tahu, api dalam kapsul, itu juga berbahaya,

but it's actually a very safe submersible.

tapi kapal selam ini betul-betul sangat aman

I like to say I don't trust a lot of things in life,

Saya tidak percaya banyak hal di dalam hidup,

but I do trust titanium, I trust math

tapi saya percaya titanium,

and I trust finite element analysis,

matematika dan analisis unsur terhingga,

which is how you figure out

untuk mempelajari

whether or not things like this can survive

kemampuan unsur-unsur tersebut bertahan

these extraordinary pressures and conditions.

dalam tekanan luar biasa dan kondisi ekstrem.

DB: And that sphere is so perfectly machined, right?

DB: Dan bola itu dilengkapi mesin yang sangat sempurna, bukan?

This is a truly unique craft.

Benar-benar kapal yang unik.

VV: That was the real trick --

VV: Sebenarnya itu trik -

is actually building a titanium sphere

-- faktanya, membangun bola titanium

that was accurate to within .1 percent of machine.

yang ketepatan mesinnya mencapai 0,1 persen.

Titanium is a hard metal to work

Titanium adalah logam keras.

and a lot of people haven't figured it out,

Banyak orang belum mengetahui logam ini,

but we were very fortunate.

tapi kami sangat beruntung.

Our extraordinary team was able to make an almost perfect sphere,

Tim kami yang luar biasa mampu membuat bola yang nyaris sempurna,

which when you're subjecting something to pressure,

yang ketika ditekan, akan menghasilkan

that's the strongest geometry you can have.

geometri terkuat.

When I'm in the submersible and that hatch closes,

Saat berada dalam kapal selam dan pintunya tertutup

I'm confident that I'm going to go down and come back up.

saya yakin akan menyelam turun bersamanya dan naik kembali

DB: And that's the thing you double-check --

DB: Dan hal yang Anda periksa ulang --

that the hatch is closed?

bahwa pintunya tertutup

VV: There are only two rules in diving a submarine.

VV: Hanya ada 2 aturan dalam mengawaki kapal selam.

Number one is close the hatch securely.

Pertama, tutup rapat pintunya.

Number two is go back to rule number one.

Kedua, kembali ke aturan pertama.

DB: Alright so, Atlantic Ocean: check.

DB: Oke jadi, Samudra Atlantik: sudah.

Southern Ocean: check.

Samudra Selatan: sudah.

VV: No one has ever dived the Southern Ocean before.

VV: Belum pernah ada yang menyelami Samudra Selatan.

I know why.

Saya tahu kendalanya.

It's really, really hostile.

Tempat itu sangat berbahaya.

The weather is awful.

Cuacanya sangat buruk.

The word collision comes to mind.

Kata 'benturan' hinggap di pikiran.

But we did that one, yes.

Tapi kami berhasil menaklukkan.

Glad that's over -- DB: Yeah --

Misi kami berhasil. DB: Ya

VV: Thank you.

VV: Terima kasih.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

DB: It's like you're racing through it.

DB: Anda seperti mengejar sesuatu.

And now the Indian Ocean, as Kelly mentioned.

Sekarang Samudra Hindia, seperti disebutkan Kelly.

VV: Yeah, that was three weeks ago.

VV: Ya, itu tiga minggu lalu.

We were fortunate enough to actually solve the mystery.

Kami cukup beruntung untuk memecahkan misterinya.

If someone had asked me three weeks ago,

Bila seseorang bertanya 3 minggu lalu,

"What is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean?" --

"Dimana titik terdalam Samudra Hindia?" --

no one really knew.

tidak ada yang tahu.

There were two candidates,

Ada dua kemungkinan,

one off of Western Australia and one in the Java Trench.

satu di Australia Barat dan satu di Palung Jawa.

We have this wonderful ship with a brilliant sonar.

Kami memiliki kapal hebat dengan sonar yang brilian.

We mapped both of them.

Kami memetakan keduanya.

We sent landers down to the bottom and verified.

Kami kirim orang ke dasar laut untuk memeriksa.

It's actually in the center portion of the Java Trench,

Titik terdalam ternyata di bagian tengah Palung Jawa,

which is where no one thought it was.

dan tidak ada seorang pun yang menduga.

In fact, every time we've completed one of our major dives,

Bahkan, setiap kali setelah penyelaman besar,

we have to run off to Wikipedia and change it

kami harus mengubah data di Wikipedia,

because it's completely wrong.

karena data yang ada salah.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

DB: So it probably takes longer to get down there

DB: Jadi turun ke dasar samudra memakan waktu lebih lama

than the time you're able to spend down there?

daripada waktu yang dihabiskan selama di sana?

VV: No, we actually spend quite a bit of time.

VV: Tidak, kami sebetulnya menghabiskan cukup waktu.

I have four days of oxygen supply in the vessel.

Saya memiliki pasokan oksigen untuk empat hari.

If I'm down there for four days,

Jika berada di bawah 4 hari

something's gone so wrong I'm probably not going to use it,

lalu terjadi kesalahan, saya tidak akan menggunakannnya,

but it's about three hours down to the deepest part of the ocean

tapi butuh sekitar 3 jam menyelam ke bagian terdalam samudra

and then we can spend usually three or four hours

lalu kita dapat menghabiskan waktu 3 atau 4 jam

and then another three hours up.

dan 3 jam untuk kembali naik.

So you don't want to stay in there for more than 10 or 11 hours.

Jadi Anda tidak ingin menetap di bawah lebih dari 10 atau 11 jam.

It can get a little tight.

Tekanannya terlalu kuat.

DB: Alright, so the bottom of the Indian Ocean.

DB: Oke, jadi dasar Samudra Hindia.

And this is something that no one besides you has ever seen before --

Belum pernah ada yang melihat dasar samudra ini, selain Anda --

VV: This is actually imagery from one of our robotic landers.

VV: Ini adalah rekaman salah satu robotik lander kami.

On the bottom right you can actually see a robust assfish --

Di kanan bawah Anda dapat melihat seekor 'assfish' perkasa --

that's what it's actually called.

itu sebutannya.

(Laughter)

(Tertawa)

But you can see from the left a creature that's never been seen before.

Tapi di bagian kiri Anda saksikan, makhluk yang belum pernah ditemukan.

It's actually a bottom-dwelling jellyfish called a stalked ascidian,

Itu sebetulnya ubur-ubur dasar laut, disebut "ascidian" bertangkai,

and none of them have ever looked like this before.

dan tidak satu pun tampak seperti ini sebelumnya.

It actually has a small child at the bottom of its stalk,

Makhluk ini memiliki anak kecil di dasar tangkainya,

and it just drifted across beautifully.

yang melayang dengan indah.

So every single dive we have gone on,

Jadi setiap kali menyelam,

even though we're only down there for a couple of hours,

walaupun kami hanya dua jam berada di bawah sana,

we have found three or four new species

kami melihat 3 sampai 4 spesies baru

because these are places that have been isolated for billions of years

karena tempat-tempat ini terisolasi selama milyaran tahun

and no human being has ever been down there to film them

dan tidak ada manusia yang pernah mengabadikan mereka

or take samples.

atau mengambil sampel.

And so this is extraordinary for us --

Jadi sangat luar biasa untuk kami.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

So what we are hoping --

Jadi apa yang kami harapkan

the main objective of our mission is to build this tool.

tujuan utama misi kami adalah membangun alat ini.

This tool is a door,

Alat ini adalah gerbang,

because with this tool,

karena dengan alat ini,

we'll be able to make more of them potentially

kami berpotensi membuat lebih banyak gerbang

and take scientists down to do thousands of dives,

dan membawa ilmuwan melakukan ribuan penyelaman,

to open that door to exploration

untuk membuka gerbang menuju penjelajahan

and find things that we had no idea even existed.

dan menemukan hal-hal yang tidak pernah terpikirkan sebelumnya.

DB: And so more people have been to space than the bottom of the ocean.

DB: Jadi lebih banyak misi ke luar angkasa daripada ke dasar samudra

You're one of three.

Anda satu diantara tiga orang itu.

You're going to up that number, you're going to give it away.

Anda akan menambah jumlah itu dan menginformasikan.

VV: Yeah, three people have dived to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.

VV: Ya, tiga orang telah menyelami dasar Samudra Pasifik.

The USS Trieste in 1960 with two individuals.

USS Trieste pada 1960 bermuatan dua orang.

James Cameron in 2012 with his Deep Sea Challenger --

James Cameron, pada 2012 mengawaki Deep Sea Challenger

thank you, Jim, great sub.

Kapal selam hebat, Jim.

This is a third-generation technology.

Ini teknologi generasi ketiga.

We're not only going to try and go down, actually in two weeks,

Kami tidak hanya akan mencoba dan turun dalam dua minggu,

but we're going to try and do it multiple times,

tapi kami akan melakukannya berulang kali,

which has never been done before.

hal yang belum pernah dilakukan.

If we can do that, we'll have proven the technology

Bila kami bisa melakukan, maka kami akan membuktikan

and that door will not just go open, it will stay open.

teknologi dan gerbang akan terbuka. Selalu terbuka.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)

DB: Fantastic. Good luck.

Luar biasa. Semoga berhasil

VV: Thank you very much. DB: Thank you.

VV: Terima kasih. DB: Terima kasih.

VV: Thank you all.

VV: Terima kasih penonton.

(Applause)

(Tepuk tangan)