What's at the bottom of the ocean -- and how we're getting there | Victor Vescovo

345,780 views ใƒป 2019-08-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:12
David Biello: So Victor, what have you been up to?
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ื“ื™ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื•: ืื– ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”?
00:17
Victor Vescovo: That's the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean,
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ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืกืงื•ื ื•: ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™,
00:19
and I guess I read too much Jules Verne as a young boy,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื–'ื•ืœ ื•ืจืŸ ื›ื™ืœื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
00:22
and so for the last four years I've led a team to design and build
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืชื›ื ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื”
00:26
what is now the most advanced and deepest diving submersible on the planet,
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื”ืžืชืงื“ื ื•ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:30
and I have the ability to personally pilot it too.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™.
00:32
So this was us in December of last year,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
00:35
for the first time -- the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” -- ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™.
00:37
DB: And nobody's seen that before right?
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ื“"ื‘: ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ?
00:39
That's just you. VV: No.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืืชื”. ื•"ื•: ืœื.
00:41
Well, now everybody else.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื’ื ื›ื•ืœื.
00:42
DB: Who does that?
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ื“"ื‘: ืžื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
00:45
Like --
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ื›ืื™ืœื• --
00:46
VV: Well, I think everyone has seen the developments in the last 10, 15 years.
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ื•"ื•: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ, ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
00:50
You have a bunch of people that have the means to explore outer space,
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ,
00:53
like SpaceX or Blue Origin --
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ื›ืžื• SpaceX ืื• Blue Origin --
00:56
those guys --
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” --
00:57
and we're going the other direction.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™.
00:59
So it's a wonderful era
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื ืคืœื
01:00
of private individuals spending their resources
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
01:02
to develop technologies that can take us to places
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ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
01:05
that have never been explored before,
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื—ืงืจื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
01:07
and the oceans of the world is --
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ื•ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื --
01:09
it's almost a clichรฉ to say it's 70 percent of our entire planet,
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงืœื™ืฉืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื 70 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:12
and of that, 95 percent is unexplored.
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ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืืœื”, 95 ืื—ื•ื– ืœื ื ื—ืงืจ.
01:15
So what we're trying to do with our expedition
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืœื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื•
01:17
is to build and prove out a submersible
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ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื”
01:19
that can go to any point on the bottom of the planet
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
01:22
to explore the 60 percent of this planet that is still unexplored.
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช 60 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื—ืงืจื•.
01:27
DB: You need a pretty cool tool to do that, right?
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ื“"ื‘: ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื“ื™ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:29
VV: Right.
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ื•"ื•: ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:30
Now the tool is the submarine, the Limiting Factor.
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ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืœืœืช, "ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืงื˜ื•ืจ".
01:33
It's a state-of-the-art vessel
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื
01:35
supported by the support ship, the Pressure Drop.
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ืฉื ืชืžืš ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืกื™ืจืช ืชืžื™ื›ื”, "ืคืจืฉืจ ื“ืจื•ืค".
01:37
It has a two-person titanium sphere, 90 millimeters-thick,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ื•ืขื” ืœื–ื•ื’ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ 90 ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ,
01:40
that keeps it at one atmosphere,
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ืฉืžืฉืžืจืช ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืื—ืช,
01:41
and it has the ability to dive repeatedly
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ื‘ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื”
01:44
down to the very deepest point of the ocean.
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ืขื“ ืœืžืขืžืงื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก.
01:47
DB: So like the SpaceX of ocean exploration?
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ื“"ื‘: ืื– ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• SpaceX ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ืžื™?
01:51
VV: Yeah, it's kind of the SpaceX of ocean exploration,
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ื•"ื•: ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ SpaceX ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ืžื™;
01:54
but I pilot my own vehicles.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื™.
01:55
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:57
DB: Are you going to take Elon or...?
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ื“"ื‘: ืชื™ืงื— ืืชืš ืืช ืื™ืœื•ืŸ [ืžืืกืง] ืื•...?
02:00
VV: Yeah, I could take someone down there.
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ื•"ื•: ื›ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืื™ืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœืžื˜ื”.
02:02
So, Elon, if you're listening,
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ืื–, ืื™ืœื•ืŸ, ืื ืืชื” ืžืงืฉื™ื‘,
02:04
I'll give you a ride in mine if you give me a ride in yours.
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชืช ืœืš ืœืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื™ ืื ืชืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœืš.
02:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:10
DB: So tell us what it's like down there.
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ื“"ื‘: ืื– ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”.
02:12
I mean, we're talking about a place where the pressure is so intense
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง
02:16
that it's like putting an Eiffel Tower on your toe.
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืชืฉื™ื ืืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื™ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืœืš.
02:18
VV: It's more than that.
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ื•"ื•: ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”,
02:20
It's about 16,000 psi.
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ื–ื” ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 16,000 PSI.
02:21
So the issue is that we have this titanium sphere
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ืื– ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ืืช
02:23
that allows us to go down to these extreme depths
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืžืงื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื“
02:26
and come up repeatedly.
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ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
02:28
That's never been done before.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืงื•ื“ื.
02:29
The Challenger Deep has been dived twice,
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ื”"ืฆ'ืœื ื’'ืจ ื“ื™ืค" ืฆืœืœื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื,
02:31
once in 1960 and once in 2012 by James Cameron,
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ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘1960 ื•ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘2012, ืข"ื™ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืงืžืจื•ืŸ,
02:34
and they went down and came back up and those were experimental craft.
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืœืœื• ื•ืขืœื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื.
02:38
This is the first commercially certified submersible
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
02:40
that can go up and down thousands of times with two people,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืจื“ืช ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:44
including a scientist.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื•ืงืจ.
02:45
We're very proud that we took down
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ืจื“ื ื• ืœืžื˜ื”
02:47
the deepest-diving British citizen in history
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ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
02:49
just three weeks ago, Dr. Alan Jamieson of Newcastle University
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื“"ืจ ืืœืŸ ื’'ื™ื™ืžื™ืกื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื ื™ื•ืงืืกืœ
02:52
who was down with us on the Java Trench.
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ืฉืฆืœืœ ืืชื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืจ ื’'ืื•ื•ื”.
02:55
DB: So, not too much freaks you out, is what I'm guessing.
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ื“"ื‘: ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื ื—ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžืœื—ื™ืฅ ืื•ืชืš.
02:59
VV: Well, it's a lot different to go diving.
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ื•"ื•: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฆืœื™ืœื”.
03:02
If you're claustrophobic, you do not want to be in the submarine.
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ืื ืืชื” ืงืœืกื˜ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ ืืชื” ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืœืœืช.
03:05
We go down quite a distance
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืœืžืจื—ืง ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ
03:06
and the missions typically last eight to nine hours in a confined space.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขื“ ืชืฉืข ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
03:10
It's very different from the career I had previously
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœื™
03:12
which was mountain climbing where you're in open spaces,
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ืฉื›ืœืœื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคืชื•ื—,
03:15
the wind is whipping, it's very cold.
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ืขื ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ื.
03:17
This is the opposite. It's much more technical.
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ื–ื” ื”ื”ืคืš ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™.
03:19
It's much more about precision in using the instruments
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื
03:21
and troubleshooting anything that can go wrong.
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ื•ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ืช.
03:24
But if something really goes wrong in the submersible,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื”,
03:26
you're not going to know it.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืชื“ืข ืืช ื–ื”.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:29
DB: So you're afraid of leaks is what you're saying.
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ื“"ื‘: ืื– ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืคื—ื“ ืžื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช.
03:32
VV: Leaks are not good, but if it's a leak that's happening,
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ื•"ื•: ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืœื”
03:34
it's not that bad because if it was really bad
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื–ื” ื ื•ืจื ื›ื™ ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจื
03:37
you wouldn't know it, again, but --
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื–ื”, ืฉื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ--
03:38
you know, fire in the capsule, that wouldn't be good either,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืฉ ื‘ืงืคืกื•ืœื”, ื–ื” ื’ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
03:41
but it's actually a very safe submersible.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœื™ ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
03:43
I like to say I don't trust a lot of things in life,
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
03:46
but I do trust titanium, I trust math
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”
03:48
and I trust finite element analysis,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื
03:50
which is how you figure out
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืืชื” ืžืคืขื ื—
03:51
whether or not things like this can survive
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ื”ืื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืจื•ื“
03:53
these extraordinary pressures and conditions.
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ื‘ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
03:55
DB: And that sphere is so perfectly machined, right?
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ื“"ื‘: ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:58
This is a truly unique craft.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.
04:00
VV: That was the real trick --
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ื•"ื•: ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ --
04:02
is actually building a titanium sphere
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืขืช ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ื•ื
04:04
that was accurate to within .1 percent of machine.
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”.
04:07
Titanium is a hard metal to work
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ื˜ื™ื˜ื˜ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื›ืช ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื”
04:09
and a lot of people haven't figured it out,
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืคืขื ื— ืื•ืชื”,
04:11
but we were very fortunate.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ืœ ืจื‘,
04:12
Our extraordinary team was able to make an almost perfect sphere,
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืขื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช.
04:15
which when you're subjecting something to pressure,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืžืฉื”ื• ืชื—ืช ืœื—ืฅ
04:18
that's the strongest geometry you can have.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ.
04:20
When I'm in the submersible and that hatch closes,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืืฉื ื‘ ื ืกื’ืจ,
04:22
I'm confident that I'm going to go down and come back up.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœื”.
04:25
DB: And that's the thing you double-check --
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ื“"ื‘: ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืคืขืžื™ื™ื --
04:27
that the hatch is closed?
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ืฉื”ืืฉื ื‘ ืกื’ื•ืจ?
04:28
VV: There are only two rules in diving a submarine.
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ื•"ื•: ื™ืฉื ื ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืœืœืช.
04:31
Number one is close the hatch securely.
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ืืœืฃ, ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืฉื ื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
04:33
Number two is go back to rule number one.
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ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืง ืืœืฃ.
04:35
DB: Alright so, Atlantic Ocean: check.
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ื“"ื‘: ืื–, ืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™,
04:38
Southern Ocean: check.
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ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™.
04:40
VV: No one has ever dived the Southern Ocean before.
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ื•"ื•: ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฆืœืœ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
04:42
I know why.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื”.
04:44
It's really, really hostile.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
04:45
The weather is awful.
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ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ื•ืจื,
04:47
The word collision comes to mind.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช" ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™.
04:49
But we did that one, yes.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฆืœืœื ื• ืฉื, ื›ืŸ.
04:51
Glad that's over -- DB: Yeah --
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ืื ื™ ืฉืžื— ืฉื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ -- ื“"ื‘: ื›ืŸ --
04:52
VV: Thank you.
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ื•"ื•: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
04:54
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:55
DB: It's like you're racing through it.
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ื“"ื‘: ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื˜ืกืชื ื“ืจื›ื•.
04:57
And now the Indian Ocean, as Kelly mentioned.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื”.
04:59
VV: Yeah, that was three weeks ago.
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ื•"ื•: ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
05:01
We were fortunate enough to actually solve the mystery.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื–ืœ ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืชืขืœื•ืžื”.
05:03
If someone had asked me three weeks ago,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
05:05
"What is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean?" --
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"ืžื”ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™?" --
05:08
no one really knew.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืžืช.
05:09
There were two candidates,
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื,
05:11
one off of Western Australia and one in the Java Trench.
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ืื—ื“ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืจ ื’'ืื•ื•ื”.
05:13
We have this wonderful ship with a brilliant sonar.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืกื™ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืขื ืกื•ื ืืจ ืžืขื•ืœื”.
05:16
We mapped both of them.
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ืžื™ืคื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื.
05:17
We sent landers down to the bottom and verified.
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ืฉืœื—ื ื• ื’ืฉื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืื™ืฉืจื ื•.
05:19
It's actually in the center portion of the Java Trench,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืจ ื’'ืื•ื•ื”,
05:22
which is where no one thought it was.
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฆืคื” ืืช ื–ื”.
05:24
In fact, every time we've completed one of our major dives,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
05:27
we have to run off to Wikipedia and change it
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจื•ืฅ ืœื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
05:29
because it's completely wrong.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
05:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:32
DB: So it probably takes longer to get down there
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ื“"ื‘: ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื•ืงื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื˜ื”
05:35
than the time you're able to spend down there?
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช?
05:37
VV: No, we actually spend quite a bit of time.
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ื•"ื•: ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
05:40
I have four days of oxygen supply in the vessel.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืกืคืงืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™.
05:43
If I'm down there for four days,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื,
05:45
something's gone so wrong I'm probably not going to use it,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื— ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืžืฆืŸ,
05:47
but it's about three hours down to the deepest part of the ocean
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก
05:51
and then we can spend usually three or four hours
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช
05:53
and then another three hours up.
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ื•ืื– ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืขืœื•ืช.
05:54
So you don't want to stay in there for more than 10 or 11 hours.
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ืื– ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 10 ืื• 11 ืฉืขื•ืช.
05:58
It can get a little tight.
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ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ืฆืคื•ืฃ ืฉื.
05:59
DB: Alright, so the bottom of the Indian Ocean.
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ื“"ื‘: ืื– ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.
06:01
And this is something that no one besides you has ever seen before --
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžืš ืœื ืจืื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ --
06:05
VV: This is actually imagery from one of our robotic landers.
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ื•"ื•: ืืœื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื’ืฉื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:09
On the bottom right you can actually see a robust assfish --
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ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžื˜ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื“ื’ ื”-Robust Assfish --
06:12
that's what it's actually called.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœื•.
06:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:15
But you can see from the left a creature that's never been seen before.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืื” ืžืงื•ื“ื.
06:18
It's actually a bottom-dwelling jellyfish called a stalked ascidian,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ ืžื“ื•ื–ืช ืžืขืžืงื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืืช stalked ascidian
06:22
and none of them have ever looked like this before.
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืš ืžืงื•ื“ื.
06:24
It actually has a small child at the bottom of its stalk,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ,
06:27
and it just drifted across beautifully.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื˜ื” ืœื” ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืคื”.
06:29
So every single dive we have gone on,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืฉืฆืœืœื ื•,
06:32
even though we're only down there for a couple of hours,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื” ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช,
06:34
we have found three or four new species
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืืจื‘ืข ื–ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
06:36
because these are places that have been isolated for billions of years
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ื›ื™ ืืœื” ื”ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ื
06:40
and no human being has ever been down there to film them
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ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉ ืœื ื™ืจื“ ืœืฉื ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืฆืœื ืื•ืชื
06:43
or take samples.
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ืื• ืœืงื—ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื•ืช.
06:44
And so this is extraordinary for us --
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• --
06:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:48
So what we are hoping --
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื•ื --
06:50
the main objective of our mission is to build this tool.
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”.
06:53
This tool is a door,
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ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืœืช,
06:55
because with this tool,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช,
06:56
we'll be able to make more of them potentially
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ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ืืœื”
06:58
and take scientists down to do thousands of dives,
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ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช,
07:01
to open that door to exploration
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ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœืžื—ืงืจ
07:03
and find things that we had no idea even existed.
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
07:06
DB: And so more people have been to space than the bottom of the ocean.
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ื“"ื‘: ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก.
07:11
You're one of three.
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ืืชื” ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื”.
07:13
You're going to up that number, you're going to give it away.
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ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
07:16
VV: Yeah, three people have dived to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
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ื•"ื•: ื›ืŸ, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืœืœื• ืœืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
07:19
The USS Trieste in 1960 with two individuals.
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ืฆื•ืœืœืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื.
07:21
James Cameron in 2012 with his Deep Sea Challenger --
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ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื‘ 2012 ื‘"ื“ื™ืค ืกื™ ืฆ'ืœื ื’'ืจ" ืฉืœื• --
07:24
thank you, Jim, great sub.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื’'ื™ื, ืฆื•ืœืœืช ืžืขื•ืœื”.
07:25
This is a third-generation technology.
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ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
07:27
We're not only going to try and go down, actually in two weeks,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฆืœื•ืœ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
07:30
but we're going to try and do it multiple times,
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ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื,
07:32
which has never been done before.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
07:34
If we can do that, we'll have proven the technology
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
07:36
and that door will not just go open, it will stay open.
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ื•ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ื–ืืช ืœื ืจืง ืฉืชื™ืคืชื—, ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืคืชื•ื—ื”.
07:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:42
DB: Fantastic. Good luck.
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ื“"ื‘: ืžืขื•ืœื”, ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
07:44
VV: Thank you very much. DB: Thank you.
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ื•"ื•: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ื“"ื‘: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
07:46
VV: Thank you all.
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ื•"ื•: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื.
07:47
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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