What's at the bottom of the ocean -- and how we're getting there | Victor Vescovo

Prevoditelj: Martina Peraic Recezent: Sanda L

David Biello: So Victor, what have you been up to?

David Biello: Victore, čime si se bavio u zadnje vrijeme?

Victor Vescovo: That's the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean,

Victor Vescovo: Ovo je dno Atlantskog oceana,

and I guess I read too much Jules Verne as a young boy,

i vjerojatno sam čitao previše Julesa Vernea kao dječak,

and so for the last four years I've led a team to design and build

u zadnje četiri godine sam vodio tim za dizajn i gradnju

what is now the most advanced and deepest diving submersible on the planet,

trenutno najnaprednije i najdublje zaranjajuće podmornice na planetu,

kojom mogu i osobno upravljati.

and I have the ability to personally pilot it too.

So this was us in December of last year,

Ovo smo mi u prosincu prošle godine,

for the first time -- the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

prvi put na dnu Atlantskog oceana.

DB: And nobody's seen that before right?

DB: I to još nitko nije vidio, je li?

That's just you. VV: No.

Osim tebe? VV: Ne.

Well, now everybody else.

Sada će vidjeti svi.

DB: Who does that?

DB: Tko to radi?

Like --

Kao --

VV: Well, I think everyone has seen the developments in the last 10, 15 years.

VV: Mislim da su svi vidjeli trendove u zadnjih 10-15 godina.

You have a bunch of people that have the means to explore outer space,

Mnogi imaju sredstva za istraživanje svemira,

like SpaceX or Blue Origin --

npr. SpaceX ili Blue Origin --

those guys --

ti ljudi --

and we're going the other direction.

mi odlazimo u drugom smjeru.

Ovo je divno doba

So it's a wonderful era

of private individuals spending their resources

pojedinaca koji koriste svoje resurse

to develop technologies that can take us to places

za razvoj tehnologija koje nas mogu odvesti na mjesta

koja nikad ranije nisu bila istražena,

that have never been explored before,

a oceani svijeta su --

and the oceans of the world is --

gotovo je uobičajeno reći da čine 70 posto našeg planeta,

it's almost a cliché to say it's 70 percent of our entire planet,

and of that, 95 percent is unexplored.

a 95 posto od toga je neistraženo.

Našom ekspedicijom pokušavamo

So what we're trying to do with our expedition

is to build and prove out a submersible

sagraditi i testirati podmornicu

that can go to any point on the bottom of the planet

koja se može spustiti na bilo koju točku na dnu planeta

to explore the 60 percent of this planet that is still unexplored.

da istraži 60 posto planeta kojih je još uvijek neistraženo.

DB: Potreban je prilično "cool" alat za tako nešto, zar ne?

DB: You need a pretty cool tool to do that, right?

VV: Right.

VV: Točno.

Now the tool is the submarine, the Limiting Factor.

Taj alat je podmornica, "The Limiting Factor".

It's a state-of-the-art vessel

To je najmodernije plovilo

kojem potporu pruža potporni brod "The Pressure Drop".

supported by the support ship, the Pressure Drop.

It has a two-person titanium sphere, 90 millimeters-thick,

Ono ima titansku kabinu za dvije osobe, debljine 90 milimetara,

that keeps it at one atmosphere,

koja ga održava na jednoj atmosferi

and it has the ability to dive repeatedly

i ima mogućnost višestrukog zarona

down to the very deepest point of the ocean.

do najdublje točke oceana.

DB: Nešto poput SpaceX-a za istraživanje oceana?

DB: So like the SpaceX of ocean exploration?

VV: Yeah, it's kind of the SpaceX of ocean exploration,

VV: Da, slično SpaceX-u za istraživanje oceana,

samo što ja upravljam svojim plovilima.

but I pilot my own vehicles.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

DB: Hoćeš li povesti Elona ili ...?

DB: Are you going to take Elon or...?

VV: Yeah, I could take someone down there.

VV: Da, mogao bih povesti nekoga dolje.

So, Elon, if you're listening,

Eto, Elone, ako slušaš,

povest ću te u svome plovilu ako me ti povezeš u svom.

I'll give you a ride in mine if you give me a ride in yours.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

DB: Reci nam kako je tamo dolje.

DB: So tell us what it's like down there.

I mean, we're talking about a place where the pressure is so intense

Govorimo o mjestu na kojem je pritisak toliko jak

that it's like putting an Eiffel Tower on your toe.

kao da si stavite Eiffelov toranj na nožni prst.

VV: It's more than that.

VV: Jači je od toga.

Iznosi oko 110 milijuna Pa (Pascala).

It's about 16,000 psi.

So the issue is that we have this titanium sphere

Radi se o titanskoj kabini

that allows us to go down to these extreme depths

koja nam omogućuje spuštanje na ekstremne dubine

and come up repeatedly.

i višestruko izranjanje.

To nikad prije nije učinjeno.

That's never been done before.

The Challenger Deep has been dived twice,

"The Challenger Deep" bio je uronjen dvaput,

once in 1960 and once in 2012 by James Cameron,

1960. godine i 2012. godine kada ga je uronio James Cameron,

and they went down and came back up and those were experimental craft.

spustili su se i vratili, bila su to testna plovila.

Ovo je prva komercijalno potvrđena podmornica

This is the first commercially certified submersible

that can go up and down thousands of times with two people,

koja se spušta i uzdiže tisuće puta s dvije osobe

uključujući znanstvenika.

including a scientist.

Ponosni smo što smo spustili

We're very proud that we took down

britanskog državljanina s najdubljim zaronom u povijesti

the deepest-diving British citizen in history

just three weeks ago, Dr. Alan Jamieson of Newcastle University

prije tek tri tjedna, dr. Alan Jameson sa sveučilišta u Newcastleu,

who was down with us on the Java Trench.

koji je bio s nama u Javanskoj brazdi.

DB: So, not too much freaks you out, is what I'm guessing.

DB: Znači, ništa posebno te ne može zastrašiti, pretpostavljam.

VV: Well, it's a lot different to go diving.

VV: Pa puno je drugačije od običnog ronjenja.

If you're claustrophobic, you do not want to be in the submarine.

Ako ste klaustrofobični, ne želite se naći u podmornici.

Zaranjamo na prilično veliku dubinu

We go down quite a distance

and the missions typically last eight to nine hours in a confined space.

i misije obično traju 8-9 sati u tijesnom prostoru.

Sasvim drukčije od moje prethodne karijere

It's very different from the career I had previously

planinskog penjanja gdje ste na otvorenom prostoru,

which was mountain climbing where you're in open spaces,

šiba vas vjetar, iznimno je hladno.

the wind is whipping, it's very cold.

Ovo je suprotnost tome. Puno je tehnički izazovnije.

This is the opposite. It's much more technical.

Bitnija je preciznost u korištenju instrumenata

It's much more about precision in using the instruments

and troubleshooting anything that can go wrong.

i pronicanje u sve što bi moglo poći po zlu.

Ali ako nešto u podmornici doista pođe po zlu,

But if something really goes wrong in the submersible,

you're not going to know it.

vi to nećete znati.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

DB: So you're afraid of leaks is what you're saying.

DB: Želite reći da se bojite puknuća podmornice.

Puknuća nisu dobra, ali ako dođe do njega,

VV: Leaks are not good, but if it's a leak that's happening,

it's not that bad because if it was really bad

nije tako strašno; jer da je zaista strašno,

opet - ne biste to znali, ali --

you wouldn't know it, again, but --

you know, fire in the capsule, that wouldn't be good either,

znate, plamen u kabini, ni to ne bi bilo dobro,

but it's actually a very safe submersible.

ali zapravo je to prilično sigurna podmornica.

I like to say I don't trust a lot of things in life,

Nemam povjerenja u mnoge stvari u životu,

ali vjerujem u titan i matematiku,

but I do trust titanium, I trust math

vjerujem u konačnu analizu elemenata,

and I trust finite element analysis,

which is how you figure out

jer tako otkrivate

whether or not things like this can survive

mogu li ovakve stvari preživjeti

these extraordinary pressures and conditions.

te ekstremne pritiske i uvjete.

DB: And that sphere is so perfectly machined, right?

DB: Kabina je tako savršeno projektirana, zar ne?

This is a truly unique craft.

To je stvarno jedinstveno plovilo.

VV: That was the real trick --

VV: To je bilo doista teško --

is actually building a titanium sphere

izgraditi titansku kabinu

that was accurate to within .1 percent of machine.

točnošću unutar 0.1 posto stroja.

Titanium is a hard metal to work

Titan je metal težak za obradu

i mnogi nisu još proniknuli u to,

and a lot of people haven't figured it out,

ali mi smo imali sreće.

but we were very fortunate.

Naš izniman tim uspio je napraviti gotovo savršenu kabinu,

Our extraordinary team was able to make an almost perfect sphere,

which when you're subjecting something to pressure,

i kada nešto podvrgavate pritisku,

to je najsnažnija geometrija koju je moguće dobiti.

that's the strongest geometry you can have.

Kada uđem u podmornicu i ona sklopka se zatvori,

When I'm in the submersible and that hatch closes,

I'm confident that I'm going to go down and come back up.

uvjeren sam da ću se spustiti dolje i ponovo izroniti.

DB: And that's the thing you double-check --

DB: A ovime provjeravate

that the hatch is closed?

da je sklopka zatvorena?

VV: There are only two rules in diving a submarine.

Samo su dva pravila pri upravljanju podmornicom.

Prvo, dobro zatvorite sklopku.

Number one is close the hatch securely.

Drugo, ponovite prvo pravilo.

Number two is go back to rule number one.

DB: Dakle, odradili smo Atlantski ocean.

DB: Alright so, Atlantic Ocean: check.

Southern Ocean: check.

Južni ocean također.

VV: No one has ever dived the Southern Ocean before.

VV: Još nitko nije zaronio u Južni ocean.

I know why.

Znam i zašto.

Vrlo je neprijateljski nastrojen.

It's really, really hostile.

The weather is awful.

Vremenski uvjeti su užasni.

Pada vam na pamet pojam sudaranja.

The word collision comes to mind.

Ali i to smo odradili, da.

But we did that one, yes.

Srećom je to prošlost -- DB: Da --

Glad that's over -- DB: Yeah --

VV: Thank you.

VV: Hvala.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

DB: Kao da jurite kroz ocean.

DB: It's like you're racing through it.

A sada Indijski ocean, kako je Kelly spomenula.

And now the Indian Ocean, as Kelly mentioned.

VV: Yeah, that was three weeks ago.

Da, to je bilo prije tri tjedna.

Posrećilo nam se da riješimo misterij.

We were fortunate enough to actually solve the mystery.

If someone had asked me three weeks ago,

Da ste me prije tri tjedna pitali,

"What is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean?" --

"Koja je najdublja točka Indijskog oceana?" --

no one really knew.

nitko ne bi znao.

There were two candidates,

Postojalo je dvoje kandidata,

jedan blizu Zapadne Australije i jedan u Javanskoj brazdi.

one off of Western Australia and one in the Java Trench.

We have this wonderful ship with a brilliant sonar.

Imamo sjajan brod s iznimno dobrim sonarom.

Snimili smo ih oba.

We mapped both of them.

We sent landers down to the bottom and verified.

Poslali smo sonde na dno i potvrdili.

It's actually in the center portion of the Java Trench,

To je u središnjem dijelu Javanske brazde,

which is where no one thought it was.

gdje nitko nije očekivao.

Zapravo, po svakom završetku naših zarona,

In fact, every time we've completed one of our major dives,

morali smo pohitati na Wikipediju te je promijeniti

we have to run off to Wikipedia and change it

jer je imala potpuno pogrešne podatke.

because it's completely wrong.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

DB: So it probably takes longer to get down there

DB: Trajanje spuštanja je vjerojatno duže

than the time you're able to spend down there?

od vremena koje je moguće provesti dolje?

VV: No, we actually spend quite a bit of time.

VV: Ne, zapravo smo prilično dugo dolje.

I have four days of oxygen supply in the vessel.

U plovilu imam četverodnevnu zalihu kisika.

If I'm down there for four days,

Ako sam četiri dana dolje,

nešto je vjerojatno toliko pošlo krivo da ga neću niti iskoristiti,

something's gone so wrong I'm probably not going to use it,

but it's about three hours down to the deepest part of the ocean

ali treba oko tri sata do najdubljeg dijela oceana,

zatim obično provedemo tri do četiri sata

and then we can spend usually three or four hours

and then another three hours up.

te još tri sata do površine.

So you don't want to stay in there for more than 10 or 11 hours.

Ne želite ostati ondje duže od 10 ili 11 sati.

Postane malo tijesno.

It can get a little tight.

DB: Alright, so the bottom of the Indian Ocean.

DB: Dakle, dno Indijskog oceana.

And this is something that no one besides you has ever seen before --

Ovo nitko osim vas nije dosad vidio --

VV: This is actually imagery from one of our robotic landers.

VV: Ovo su snimke naših robotskih sondi.

On the bottom right you can actually see a robust assfish --

Dolje desno vidite robusnu koštunjavoglavu ribu --

that's what it's actually called.

tako se zapravo zove.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Ali slijeva se vidi dosad neviđeno stvorenje.

But you can see from the left a creature that's never been seen before.

It's actually a bottom-dwelling jellyfish called a stalked ascidian,

To je meduza koja živi na dnu, imena "stalked ascidian",

and none of them have ever looked like this before.

ali nijedna od njih ranije nije ovako izgledala.

It actually has a small child at the bottom of its stalk,

Zapravo nosi mladunče na dnu svog ticala

and it just drifted across beautifully.

i upravo je božanstveno otplutalo.

So every single dive we have gone on,

I svaki put kad bismo zaronili,

even though we're only down there for a couple of hours,

iako bismo bili dolje tek nekoliko sati,

we have found three or four new species

pronašli bismo tri do četiri nove vrste,

because these are places that have been isolated for billions of years

jer to su mjesta koja su bila izolirana milijardama godina

i ljudsko biće nikada nije bilo dolje da ih snimi

and no human being has ever been down there to film them

or take samples.

ili da uzme uzorke.

And so this is extraordinary for us --

I ovo je za nas iznimno --

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So what we are hoping --

Stoga se nadamo --

glavni cilj naše misije je gradnja ovog alata.

the main objective of our mission is to build this tool.

This tool is a door,

Ovaj alat predstavlja vrata,

because with this tool,

jer ovim alatom

we'll be able to make more of them potentially

ćemo moći izgraditi više primjeraka

and take scientists down to do thousands of dives,

i poslati znanstvenike dolje u tisuće zarona,

to open that door to exploration

kako bismo otvorili ta vrata istraživanju

and find things that we had no idea even existed.

i našli stvari za koje nismo bili svjesni da postoje.

DB: And so more people have been to space than the bottom of the ocean.

DB: Više je ljudi bilo u svemiru nego na dnu oceana.

You're one of three.

Vi ste jedan od troje.

Povećat ćete taj broj, prepustit ćete i drugima.

You're going to up that number, you're going to give it away.

VV: Da, troje ljudi je zaronilo do dna Tihog oceana.

VV: Yeah, three people have dived to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.

Batiskaf Trieste 1960. godine s dvije osobe.

The USS Trieste in 1960 with two individuals.

James Cameron in 2012 with his Deep Sea Challenger --

James Cameron 2012. godine u svom Deep Sea Challengeru,

hvala ti, Jime, sjajno plovilo.

thank you, Jim, great sub.

This is a third-generation technology.

Ovo je tehnologija treće generacije.

We're not only going to try and go down, actually in two weeks,

Nećemo samo pokušati sići na dno za dva tjedna,

but we're going to try and do it multiple times,

nego ćemo i pokušati to višestruko učiniti,

which has never been done before.

što nikad prije nije učinjeno.

Ako uspijemo, dokazat ćemo da tehnologija radi

If we can do that, we'll have proven the technology

i ta vrata nećemo samo otvoriti, nego će ona i ostati otvorena.

and that door will not just go open, it will stay open.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

DB: Fantastic. Good luck.

DB: Sjajno. Puno sreće!

VV: Puno vam hvala. DB: Hvala vama.

VV: Thank you very much. DB: Thank you.

VV. Hvala svima.

VV: Thank you all.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)