Robert Neuwirth: The power of the informal economy

104,352 views ใƒป 2012-09-05

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Anwar Dafa-Alla ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Eman Ali
00:15
In System D, this
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ููŠ ู†ุธุงู… "ุฏ"ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
00:18
is a store,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุชุฌุฑ
00:20
and what I mean by that is that this is a photograph
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ูˆู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ
00:22
I took in Makoko, shantytown in Lagos, Nigeria.
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ุฅู„ุชู‚ุทุชู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุงูƒูˆูƒูˆุŒ ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุตููŠุญ ููŠ ู„ุงุบูˆุณุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง
00:27
It's built over the lagoon, and there are no streets
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุญูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุฉ ุดูˆุงุฑุน
00:30
where there can be stores to shop,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุชุงุฌุฑ ู„ู„ุชุณูˆู‚
00:32
and so the store comes to you.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุฑ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ูŠูƒ
00:33
And in the same community,
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ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน
00:35
this is business synergy.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุชุถุงูุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„
00:37
This is the boat that that lady was paddling around in,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฏู ุจู‡ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃู†ุญุงุกุŒ
00:41
and this artisan makes the boat and the paddles
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงู‡ุฑ ูŠุตู†ุน ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฏูŠู
00:44
and sells directly
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ูˆูŠุจูŠุน ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
00:45
to the people who need the boat and the paddles.
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ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฏูŠู
00:47
And this is a global business.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
00:50
Ogandiro smokes fish in Makoko in Lagos,
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ุฃูˆู‚ุงู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆ ุชุฏุฎู† ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ููŠ ู…ุงูƒูˆูƒูˆููŠ ู„ุงุบูˆุณ
00:54
and I asked her, "Where does the fish come from?"
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ูˆุณุฃู„ุชู‡ุง "ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุชู‰ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒุŸ"
00:57
And I thought she'd say, "Oh, you know,
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ูˆุฃุธู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุขู‡ ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุฑู
00:59
up the lagoon somewhere, or maybe across Africa,"
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ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุญูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุฃูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุจุฑ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง"
01:02
but you'll be happy to know she said
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุณุนูŠุฏุง ุจู…ุนุฑูุชูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุงู„ุช
01:04
it came from here, it comes from the North Sea.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฃุชุช ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูŠ
01:06
It's caught here, frozen, shipped down to Lagos,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูุตุทุงุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ุชูุดุญู† ุงู„ู‰ ู„ุงุบูˆุณ
01:08
smoked, and sold for a tiny increment of profit
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ุชุฏุฎู‘ู† ูˆุชุจุงุน ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุถุฆูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุจุญ
01:11
on the streets of Lagos.
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ููŠ ุดูˆุงุฑุน ู„ุงุบูˆุณ
01:13
And this is a business incubator.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุถู†ุฉ ุฃุนู…ุงู„
01:14
This is Olusosun dump, the largest garbage dump in Lagos,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทุฑุญ ุฅูˆู„ูŠูˆุณูˆุณู†ุŒ ูˆุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ูƒุจ ู„ู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ ููŠ ู„ุงุบูˆุณ
01:18
and 2,000 people work here, and I found this out
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ 2000 ุดุฎุตุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงูƒุชุดูุช ุฐู„ูƒ
01:21
from this fellow, Andrew Saboru.
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฒู…ูŠู„ุŒ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูˆ ุณูˆุจุฑูˆ.
01:24
Andrew spent 16 years scavenging materials on the dump,
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ุฃู†ุฏุฑูŠูˆ ู‚ุถู‰ 16 ุณู†ุฉ ููŠ ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ูุถู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุญ
01:28
earned enough money to turn himself into a contract scaler,
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ุฑุจุญ ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ุงู‹ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ุชุนุงู‚ุฏ
01:31
which meant he carried a scale and went around and
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ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญู…ู„ ู…ูŠุฒุงู†ุงู‹ ูˆูŠุญูˆู…
01:34
weighed all the materials that people had scavenged
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ู„ูˆุฒู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌู…ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
01:36
from the dump. Now he's a scrap dealer.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุชุงุฌุฑ ุฎุฑุฏุฉ.
01:39
That's his little depot behind him,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆุฏุนู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุถุน ุฎู„ูู‡
01:41
and he earns twice the Nigerian minimum wage.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุฑุจุญ ุถุนู ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ู„ู„ุฃุฌูˆุฑ ููŠ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง
01:46
This is a shopping mall.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌู…ุน ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ.
01:48
This is Oshodi Market in Lagos.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุณูˆู‚ ุฃูˆุดูˆุฏูŠ ููŠ ู„ุงุบูˆุณ
01:50
Jorge Luis Borges had a story called "The Aleph,"
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ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ู„ูˆูŠุณ ุจูˆุฑุบูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู‚ุตุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ " ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู"
01:53
and the Aleph is a point in the world
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูŠู ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
01:54
where absolutely everything exists,
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ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุชู…ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
01:57
and for me, this image is a point in the world
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
01:59
where absolutely everything exists.
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ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุชู…ุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
02:02
So, what am I talking about when I talk about System D?
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ู„ุฐุงุŒ ู…ุง ุงุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… "ุฏ" ุŸ
02:04
It's traditionally called the informal economy,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠุงู‹ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ
02:07
the underground economy, the black market.
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ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎููŠุŒ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก
02:10
I don't conceive of it that way.
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ
02:13
I think it's really important to understand that something like
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนู„ุง ู…ู‡ู… ู„ูู‡ู… ุฃู† ุดูŠุก ู…ุซู„
02:15
this is totally open. It's right there for you to find.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุชูˆุญ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹. ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ูŠุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡
02:20
All of this is happening openly, and aboveboard.
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ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุจุงู†ูุชุงุญ ูˆุนู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ
02:23
There's nothing underground about it.
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ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ุณุฑูŠ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู‡ุฐุง
02:25
It's our prejudgment that it's underground.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุญูƒู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฆูŠ ุจุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณุฑูŠ
02:28
I've pirated the term System D from the former French colonies.
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ุฅู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ุฑุตู† ู…ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุธุงู… "ุฏ" ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณ ูุฑุงู†ูƒ ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠุณ
02:33
There's a word in French that is dรฉbrouillardise,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ "dรฉbrouillardise" ูˆุชุนู†ูŠ ุณุนุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠู„ุฉ
02:36
that means to be self-reliant,
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ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐุงุชูƒ
02:38
and the former French colonies have turned that into
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุญูˆู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู„ู‰
02:42
System D for the economy of self-reliance,
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ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… "ุฏ" ู„ู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠ
02:44
or the DIY economy.
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ุฃูˆุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ DIY (ุฃูุนู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ูุณูƒ)
02:47
But governments hate the DIY economy,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ูƒุฑู‡ุช ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ DIY
02:51
and that's why -- I took this picture in 2007,
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ูุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุทุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ 2007
02:54
and this is the same market in 2009 --
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ููŠ 2009
02:58
and I think, when the organizers of this conference
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุธู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ุธู…ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ
03:01
were talking about radical openness,
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ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ุงู†ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑูŠ
03:02
they didn't mean that the streets should be open
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ู„ู… ูŠู‚ุตุฏูˆุง ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
03:05
and the people should be gone.
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ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุฐู‡ุจ.
03:06
I think what we have is a pickle problem.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุฃู† ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุฎู„ู„ุงุช
03:10
I had a friend who worked at a pickle factory,
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุตุฏูŠู‚ ูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ู…ุฎู„ู‘ู„
03:13
and the cucumbers would come flying down
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ูˆุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู†ุงุฒู„ุง ุนุจุฑ
03:15
this conveyer belt, and his job was to pick off the ones
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ุงู„ุญุฒุงู… ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ู„ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช
03:19
that didn't look so good and throw them in the bin
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุชุจุฏูˆุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆุฑู…ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ู„ุงุช
03:21
labeled "relish" where they'd be crushed and mixed
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ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง "ู…ู†ูƒู‘ู‡ุฉ"ุญูŠุซ ุชุณุญู‚ ูˆุชุฎู„ุท
03:23
with vinegar and used for other kinds of profit.
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุฎู„ ูˆุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ู…ู†ุงูุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰
03:27
This is the pickle economy.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ู„
03:29
We're all focusing on โ€” this is a statistic from
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ุญูŠุซ ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ - ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญุตุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†
03:32
earlier this month in the Financial Times โ€”
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ูˆู‚ุช ุณุงุจู‚ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุตุญูŠูุฉ ูุงูŠู†ุงู†ุดุงู„ ุชุงูŠู…ุฒ -
03:34
we're all focusing on the luxury economy.
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ู†ุญู† ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ูุงุฎุฑ
03:38
It's worth 1.5 trillion dollars every year, and that's
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ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุจุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 1.5 ุชุฑูŠู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุณู†ูˆูŠุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
03:40
a vast amount of money, right?
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ู…ุจู„ุบ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
03:42
That's three times the Gross Domestic Product of Switzerland.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ุณูˆูŠุณุฑุง.
03:45
So it's vast. But it should come with an asterisk,
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุถุฎู… ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ุตุญูˆุจุฉ ุจู‡ุงู…ุดุŒ
03:50
and the asterisk is that it excludes two thirds of the workers
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ูˆุงู„ู‡ุงู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชุจุนุฏ ุซู„ุซูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„
03:54
of the world.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
03:55
1.8 billion people around the world work
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ูŠุนู…ู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 1.8 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ู†ุณู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
03:59
in the economy that is unregulated and informal.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู… ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ
04:04
That's a huge number, and what does that mean?
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุฏุฏ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุŒ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
04:08
Well, it means if it were united in a single political system,
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุญุฏูŠู† ููŠ ู†ุธุงู… ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
04:12
one country, call it
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ูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจู„ุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
04:17
"The United Street Sellers Republic," the U.S.S.R.,
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"ุฌู…ู‡ูˆ ุฑูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุจุงุฆุนูŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน " U.S.S.R
04:20
or "Bazaaristan,"
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ุฃูˆ ุจุงุฒุงุฑุณุชุงู†
04:21
it would be worth 10 trillion dollars every year,
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ุณุชู‚ุฏุฑ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง ุจ10 ุชุฑูŠู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ
04:26
and that would make it the second largest economy
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุตุจุญ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ.
04:28
in the world, after the United States.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
04:30
And given that projections are that the bulk
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ุนู„ู…ุง ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ุนุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ
04:33
of economic growth over the next 15 years will come
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ 15 ุณูŠุฃุชูŠ
04:37
from emerging economies in the developing world,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู†ุงุดุฆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุŒ
04:40
it could easily overtake the United States
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุฃู† ูŠุชููˆู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
04:42
and become the largest economy in the world.
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ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ุฃุถุฎู… ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
04:46
So the implications of that are vast, because it means
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุขุซุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุชุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
04:49
that this is where employment is โ€” 1.8 billion people โ€”
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุญูŠุซ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุชูˆุธูŠู - 1.8 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดุฎุต
04:53
and this is where we can create a more egalitarian world,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุฎู„ู‚ ููŠู‡ ุนุงู„ู…ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉุŒ
04:57
because people are actually able to earn money and live
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู‚ุงุฏุฑูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ูˆุฃู† ูŠุนูŠุดูˆุง
05:01
and thrive, as Andrew Saboru did.
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ูˆูŠู†ู…ูˆุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูุนู„ ุฃู†ุฏุฑูŠูˆ ุณุงุจูˆุฑูˆ
05:04
Big businesses have recognized this,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงุนุชุฑูุช ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุงุŒ
05:06
and what's fascinating about this slide,
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ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฑุงุฆุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ
05:08
it's not that the guys can carry boxes on their heads
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ู„ูŠุณ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง ุตู†ุงุฏูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูˆุณู‡ู…
05:11
and run around without dropping them off.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ุชุณู‚ุท ู…ู†ู‡ู…
05:13
it's that the Gala sausage roll is a product that's made
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ุจู„ ุฃู† ู„ูุงุฆู ุณุฌู‚ ุบุงู„ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุชุฌ ูŠุตู†ุน
05:16
by a global company called UAC foods
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ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏุนู‰ ุจู€ UAC ู„ู„ุบุฐุงุก
05:19
that's active throughout Africa and the Middle East,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู†ุดุทุฉ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุท
05:22
but the Gala sausage roll is not sold in stores.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุชุจุงุน ู„ูุงุฆู ุณุฌู‚ ุบุงู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุฌุฑ
05:25
UAC foods has recognized that it won't sell if it's in stores.
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ุดุฑูƒุฉ UAC ู„ู„ุบุฐุงุก ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ู† ุชุจุงุน ุฅู† ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุฌุฑ
05:29
It's only sold by a phalanx of street hawkers
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุงุน ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุชูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌูˆู„ูŠู†
05:33
who run around the streets of Lagos at bus stations
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุฏูˆุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุดูˆุงุฑุน ู„ุงุบูˆุณ ููŠ ู…ุญุทุงุช ุงู„ุญุงูู„ุงุช
05:36
and in traffic jams and sell it as a snack,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู†ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุชุจุงุน ูƒูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉุŒ
05:40
and it's been sold that way for 40 years.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุจูŠุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 40 ุนุงู….
05:43
It's a business plan for a corporation.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฎุทุฉ ุนู…ู„ ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ
05:45
And it's not just in Africa.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
05:48
Here's Mr. Clean looking amorously at all the other
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ู‡ู†ุง "ู…ุณุชุฑ ูƒู„ูŠู†" ูŠู†ุธุฑ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุจุญุจ
05:51
Procter & Gamble products,
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ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ุจุฑูˆูƒุชุฑ ุฃู†ุฏ ุบุงู…ุจู„
05:53
and Procter & Gamble, you know,
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ูˆุชุนุฑููˆู† ุจุฑูˆูƒุชุฑ ุฃู†ุฏ ุบุงู…ุจู„ุŒ
05:55
the statistic always cited is that Wal-Mart
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ุงู„ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจูˆูˆู„ ู…ุงุฑุช
05:58
is their largest customer, and it's true, as one store,
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนู…ู„ุงุฆู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ูƒู…ุฎุฒู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
06:03
Wal-Mart buys 15 percent, thus 15 percent
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ูˆูˆู„ ู…ุงุฑุช ูŠุดุชุฑูŠ 15 ูุงู„ู…ุฆุฉุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ 15 ูุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ
06:06
of Procter & Gamble's business is with Wal-Mart,
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ู…ู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฑูˆูƒุชุฑ ุฃู†ุฏ ุบุงู…ุจู„ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุน ูˆูˆู„ ู…ุงุฑุช
06:09
but their largest market segment is something that they call
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู…ูˆู†ู‡
06:12
"high frequency stores," which is all these tiny kiosks
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"ู…ุฎุงุฒู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุฏุฏ" ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒุดูƒุงุช ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
06:15
and the lady in the canoe and all these other businesses
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ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆุฑู‚ ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
06:19
that exist in System D, the informal economy,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… "ุฏ"ุŒ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุฑุณู…ูŠ
06:24
and Procter & Gamble makes 20 percent of its money
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ูˆุดุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฑูˆูƒุชุฑ ุฃู†ุฏ ุบุงู…ุจู„ ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ 20 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ู‡ุง
06:27
from that market segment,
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ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูˆู‚
06:29
and it's the only market segment that's growing.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ู…ูˆ
06:33
So Procter & Gamble says, "We don't care whether a store
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฑูˆูƒุชุฑ ุฃู†ุฏ ุบุงู…ุจู„ ุชู‚ูˆู„ "ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุชู… ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุชุฌุฑ
06:36
is incorporated or registered or anything like that.
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ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุฑุฌ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุฌู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุจูŠู„.
06:39
We want our products in that store."
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ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุชู†ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุฑ"
06:43
And then there's mobile phones.
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ู…ุชู†ู‚ู„ุฉ.
06:45
This is an ad for MTN,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฅุนู„ุงู† ู„ู€ MTN
06:47
which is a South African multinational
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุงุช
06:49
active in about 25 countries,
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ู†ุดุทุฉ ููŠ 25 ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
06:52
and when they came into Nigeria โ€”
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฌุงุคูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง
06:54
Nigeria is the big dog in Africa.
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ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงูุฑ ููŠ ุฃูุฑูŠู‚ูŠุง
06:56
One in seven Africans is a Nigerian,
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ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูุงุฑู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠ
06:58
and so everyone wants in to the mobile phone market
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ู…ุชู†ู‚ู„ุฉ
07:01
in Nigeria. And when MTN came in, they wanted
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ููŠ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง. ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุชุช MTNุŒ ุฃุฑุงุฏูˆุง
07:03
to sell the mobile service like I get in the United States
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ุฃู† ูŠุจูŠุนูˆุง ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„ ูƒุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
07:06
or like people get here in the U.K. or in Europe --
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฃูˆุฑุจุง
07:09
expensive monthly plans, you get a phone,
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ุงู„ุฎุทุท ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒู„ูุฉุŒ ุชุญุตู„ ุฃู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุงุชู
07:13
you pay overages,
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ูˆุชุฏูุน ุงู„ูุงุฆุถ
07:15
you're killed with fees --
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ูุชู‚ุชู„ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู… --
07:17
and their plan crashed and burned.
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ูุงุญุชุฑู‚ุช ุฎุทุชู‡ู… ูˆุชุญุทู…ุช
07:19
And they went back to the drawing board, and they retooled,
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ุซู… ุนุงุฏูˆุง ู„ู„ูˆุฑุงุก ู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑูˆุง ุงู„ุนุชุงุฏ
07:21
and they came up with another plan:
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ูˆุฃุชูˆุง ุจุฎุทุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰:
07:23
We don't sell you the phone,
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ู†ุญู† ู„ู† ู†ุจูŠุนูƒ ุงู„ู‡ุงุชู
07:25
we don't sell you the monthly plan.
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ู†ุญู† ู„ู† ู†ุจูŠุน ุงู„ุฎุทุฉ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠุฉ
07:27
We only sell you airtime.
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ู†ุญู† ูู‚ุท ู†ุจูŠุนูƒ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
07:30
And where's the airtime sold?
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ูˆุฃูŠู† ูŠุจุงุน ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุŸ
07:32
It's sold at umbrella stands all over the streets,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุจุงุน ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ู ุงู„ู…ุธู„ุงุช ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน
07:36
where people are unregistered, unlicensed,
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ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุฌู„ูŠู† ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฑุฎุตูŠู†
07:40
but MTN makes most of its profits,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† MNT ุชุฌู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃุฑุจุงุญู‡ุง
07:42
perhaps 90 percent of its profits,
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ุฑุจู…ุง 90 ุจุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุงุญู‡ุง
07:45
from selling through System D, the informal economy.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุน ุจู†ุธุงู… "ุฏ"ุŒ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุธุงู…ูŠ
07:50
And where do the phones come from?
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ูˆู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุชุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชูุŸ
07:52
Well, they come from here. This is in Guangzhou, China,
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุบูˆุงู†ุบุชุดูˆุŒ ุงู„ุตูŠู†
07:54
and if you go upstairs in this rather sleepy looking
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนุณ
07:58
electronics mall, you find the Guangzhou Dashatou
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ู…ุฌู…ุน ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุงุชุŒ ุณุชุฌุฏ ู‚ูˆุงู†ุบุชุดูˆ ุฏุงุดุงุชูˆ
08:03
second-hand trade center,
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ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฌู‡ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ
08:05
and if you go in there, you follow the guys with the muscles
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ุณุชุชุจุน ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูุชูˆู„ูŠู†
08:09
who are carrying the boxes, and where are they going?
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุญู…ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุตู†ุงุฏูŠู‚ , ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠู† ู‡ู… ุฐุงู‡ุจูˆู†ุŸ
08:11
They're going to Eddy in Lagos.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุฐุงู‡ุจูˆู† ุงู„ู‰ ุฅุฏูŠ ููŠ ู„ุงุบูˆุณ
08:14
Now, most of the phones there are not second-hand at all.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุณุชุนู…ู„ุฉ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ุงู‹
08:17
The name is a misnomer.
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ุงู„ุฅุณู… ุชูˆุตูŠู ุฎุงุทุฆ
08:18
Most of them are pirated. They have the name brand
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ุฃุบู„ุจู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุฑุตู†ุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅุณู… ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ
08:21
on them, but they're not manufactured by the name brand.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุตู†ุนุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠ
08:24
Now, are there downsides to that?
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณู„ุจูŠุงุช ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
08:27
Well, I guess. You know, China has no โ€”
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ุฃุชูˆู‚ุน. ุชุนุฑููˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง
08:30
(Laughter) โ€” no intellectual property, right?
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(ุถุญูƒ) - ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ููƒุฑูŠุฉุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
08:33
Versace without the vowels.
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ููŠุฑุณุงุชุดูŠ ุฏูˆู† ุญุฑูˆู ุงู„ุนู„ุฉ.
08:35
Zhuomani instead of Armani.
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ุฒูˆู…ุงู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฃุฑู…ุงู†ูŠ
08:37
S. Guuuci, and -- (Laughter) (Applause)
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ุฅุณ ุบูˆูˆูˆูˆุชุดูŠ - (ุถุญูƒ) (ุชุตููŠู‚)
08:42
All around the world this is how products
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ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุชู…
08:45
are being distributed, so, for instance,
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ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุชุŒ ู„ุฐุงุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
08:48
in one street market on Rua 25 de Marรงo
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ููŠ ุดุงุฑุน ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุฑู‚ู… 1 ููŠ ุฏูŠ ุฑูˆุง ู…ุงุฑูƒูˆ 25
08:51
in Sรฃo Paulo, Brazil,
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ููŠ ุณุงูˆุจุงูˆู„ูˆุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„
08:53
you can buy fake designer glasses.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุดุฑุงุก ู†ุธุงุฑุงุช ู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ู…ุฒูŠูุฉ
08:56
You can buy cloned cologne.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุดุฑุงุก ูƒูˆู„ูˆู†ูŠุง ู…ุณุชู†ุณุฎุฉ.
08:58
You can buy pirated DVDs, of course.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุดุฑุงุก ุฃู‚ุฑุงุต ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุตู†ุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน
09:01
You can buy New York Yankees caps
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุดุฑุงุก ู‚ุจุนุงุช ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ ูŠุงู†ูƒูŠุฒ
09:04
in all sorts of unauthorized patterns.
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ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑุญ ุจู‡ุง.
09:07
You can buy cuecas baratas, designer underwear
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุดุฑุงุก ู…ู„ุงุจุณ ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูƒูˆุงูƒูŠุณ ุจุงุฑุงุชุงุณ
09:10
that isn't really manufactured by a designer,
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุญู‚ุงู‹ ู…ุตู†ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุทุฑู ู…ุตู…ู…
09:13
and even pirated evangelical mixtapes. (Laughter)
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ูˆุญุชู‰ ู…ูŠูƒุณ ุงู„ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุตู†ุฉ . (ุถุญูƒ)
09:17
Now, businesses tend to complain about this,
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ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุชู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุดูƒูˆู‰ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
09:20
and their, they, I don't want to take away from their
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃู…ุณ
09:23
entire validity of complaining about it,
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ุจู…ุตุฏุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
09:25
but I did ask a major sneaker manufacturer earlier this year
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุณุฃู„ุช ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุฃุญุฐูŠุฉ ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ุณุงุจู‚ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู…
09:30
what they thought about piracy,
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ู…ุง ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู†ู‡ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุตู†ุฉ
09:33
and they told me, "Well, you can't quote me on this,
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ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุŒ "ุญุณู†ุง, ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณ ู…ู†ูŠ
09:34
because if you quote me on this, I have to kill you,"
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ูˆุงู‚ุชุจุณุช ู…ู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูุณูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ุชู„ูƒ"
09:36
but they use piracy as market research.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุตู†ุฉ ูƒุจุญุซ ุชุณูˆูŠู‚ูŠ
09:42
The sneaker manufacturer told me that if
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ู…ุตู†ุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุญุฐูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุจุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง
09:45
they find that Pumas are being pirated, or Adidas
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ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู† ุจูˆู…ุงุณ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุฑุตู†ุฉ ุฃูˆุฃุฏูŠุฏุงุณ
09:49
are being pirated and their sneakers aren't being pirated,
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ุชู‚ุฑุตู† ูˆุฃุญุฐูŠุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู„ู… ุชู‚ุฑุตู†
09:52
they know they've done something wrong. (Laughter)
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ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุจุฃู†ู‡ู… ูุนู„ูˆุง ุดูŠุก ุฎุงุทุฆุง (ุถุญูƒ)
09:55
So it's very important to them to track piracy
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุชุงุจุนูˆุง ุงู„ู‚ุฑุตู†ุฉ
09:58
exactly because of this, and the people who are buying,
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ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุจุณุจุจ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุดุชุฑูˆู†
10:00
the pirates, are not their customers anyway,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุตู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ุนู…ู„ุงุกู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„
10:02
because their customers want the real deal.
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ู„ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ุงุกู‡ู… ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ.
10:05
Now, there's another problem.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰
10:07
This is a real street sign in Lagos, Nigeria.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ุงู…ุฉ ุดุงุฑุน ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ู„ุงุบูˆุณุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠุง
10:10
All of System D really doesn't pay taxes, right?
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ูƒู„ ู†ุธุงู… "ุฏ" ู„ุง ูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ุถุฑุงุฆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
10:13
And when I think about that, first of all I think that
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุฃููƒุฑ ููŠ
10:15
government is a social contract between the people and
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ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู‚ุฏ ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
10:19
the government, and if the government isn't transparent,
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ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฐุงุช ุดูุงููŠุฉ
10:21
then the people aren't going to be transparent either,
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ูุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฐูˆูŠ ุดูุงููŠุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
10:23
but also that we're blaming the little guy
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู†ุญู† ู†ู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุถุน
10:26
who doesn't pay his taxes, and we're not recognizing
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุฏูุน ุถุฑุงุฆุจู‡ุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุฏุฑูƒ
10:28
that everyone's fudging things all over the world,
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ูŠุชู†ุตู„ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
10:31
including some extremely respected businesses,
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ุจู…ู† ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุฑู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ
10:35
and I'll give you one example.
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ูˆุณุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ู…ุซุงู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุงุŒ
10:36
There was one company that paid 4,000 bribes
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฏูุนุช 4000 ุฑุดูˆู‰
10:40
in the first decade of this millennium, and
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ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุนู‚ุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ููŠุฉุŒ
10:43
a million dollars in bribes every business day, right?
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ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุดุงูˆู‰ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุนู…ู„ ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
10:48
All over the world. And that company
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ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ูˆุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ
10:50
was the big German electronics giant Siemens.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุณูŠู…ู†ุฒ
10:53
So this goes on in the formal economy
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ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ
10:57
as well as the informal economy,
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ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุญุงู„ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠ
10:59
so it's wrong of us to blame โ€” and I'm not singling out
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ู„ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุบู„ุท ุฃู† ู†ู„ูˆู… - ูˆุฃู†ุง ู„ู† ุฃูุฑุฏ
11:01
Siemens, I'm saying everyone does it. Okay?
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ุณูŠู…ู†ุฒุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุต ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ. ุญุณู†ุงุŸ
11:05
I just want to end by saying that if Adam Smith
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูู‚ุท ุฃู† ุฃู†ู‡ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุขุฏู… ุณู…ูŠุซ
11:08
had framed out a theory of the flea market
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ู‚ุฏ ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุฉ ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฑุน
11:11
instead of the free market, what would be some
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ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡
11:14
of the principles?
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ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุฏุฆุŸ
11:16
First, it would be to understand that it could be
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ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†
11:20
considered a cooperative, and this is a thought
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ู…ุนุชุจุฑุฉ ูƒุฌู…ุนูŠุฉ ุชุนุงูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ููƒุฑุฉ
11:22
from the Brazilian legal scholar Roberto Mangabeira Unger.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุญุซ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒูŠู„ูŠ ุฑูˆุจุฑุชูˆ ู…ุงู†ุบุงุจูŠูŠุฑุง ุฃู†ุบุฑ.
11:27
Cooperative development is a way forward.
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ุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…
11:30
Secondly, from the [Austrian] anarchist philosopher Paul Feyerabend,
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ุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠู„ุณูˆู (ุงู„ู†ู…ุณุงูˆูŠ) ุงู„ููˆุถูˆูŠุŒ ุจุงูˆู„ ููŠุฑุจุงู†ุฏ
11:34
facts are relative, and what is a massive right
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ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู†ุณุจูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ
11:39
of self-reliance to a Nigerian businessperson
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ู„ุฑุฌู„ ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ู†ูŠุฌูŠุฑูŠ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐุงุชู‡
11:42
is considered unauthorized and horrible to other people,
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ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตุฑุญ ูˆู…ุฑูˆุน ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
11:46
and we have to recognize that there are differences
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช
11:48
in how people define things and what their facts are.
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ููŠ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ู‡ู…
11:50
And third is, and I'm taking this from
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ูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู‡ูˆุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุฐุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู†
11:53
the great American beat poet Allen Ginsberg,
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ุงู„ุดุงุนุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ู„ุงู…ุน ุฃู„ูŠู† ุฌูŠู†ุณุจูŠุฑุฌ
11:56
that alternate economies barter and
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ุฃู† ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูŠุถุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู„ุฉ
11:59
different kinds of currency, alternate currencies
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ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฏูŠู„ุฉ
12:02
are also very important, and he talked about
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†
12:05
buying what he needed just with his good looks.
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ุดุฑุงุก ู…ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ ูู‚ุท ุจุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„.
12:08
And so I just want to leave you there, and say that
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุชุฑูƒูƒู… ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†
12:11
this economy is a tremendous force for global development
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
12:16
and we need to think about it that way.
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ุจู‡ ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
12:18
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ุฌุฒูŠู„ุงู‹ ู„ูƒู… ( ุชุตููŠู‚)
12:21
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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