Robert Neuwirth: The power of the informal economy

104,352 views ・ 2012-09-05

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Hee Lim Han κ²€ν† : K Bang
00:15
In System D, this
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ Dμ—μ„œ 이것은
00:18
is a store,
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κ°€κ²Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
00:20
and what I mean by that is that this is a photograph
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제 말은 이것이 λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„μ˜ λΌκ³ μŠ€μ— μžˆλŠ” 판자촌인
00:22
I took in Makoko, shantytown in Lagos, Nigeria.
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λ§ˆμ½”μ½”μ—μ„œ 찍은 μ‚¬μ§„μ΄λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
It's built over the lagoon, and there are no streets
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νŒμžμ΄Œμ€ μ„ν˜Έ μœ„μ— μ§€μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©° κ·Έ κ³³μ—”
00:30
where there can be stores to shop,
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μ‡Όν•‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€κ²Œκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 거리도 μ—†κ³ 
00:32
and so the store comes to you.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 상점이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 관심을 끌 μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
00:33
And in the same community,
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이 μ‚¬νšŒμ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 이것이
00:35
this is business synergy.
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λΉ„μ§€λ‹ˆμŠ€μ— λ™λ°˜μƒμŠΉνš¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
This is the boat that that lady was paddling around in,
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이것은 μ € 여인이 λ…Έμ “λ˜ λ³΄νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
00:41
and this artisan makes the boat and the paddles
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이 κΈ°μˆ μžκ°€ λ³΄νŠΈμ™€ νŒ¨λ‹¬μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
and sells directly
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그리고 그것을
00:45
to the people who need the boat and the paddles.
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ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ°”λ‘œ νŒ”μ§€μš”.
00:47
And this is a global business.
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그리고 이것은 세계적인 λΉ„μ§€λ‹ˆμŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Ogandiro smokes fish in Makoko in Lagos,
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μ˜€κ°„λ‹€μ΄λ‘œλŠ” 라고슀의 λ§ˆμ½”μ½”μ—μ„œ 생선을 ν›ˆμ œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
and I asked her, "Where does the fish come from?"
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ 생선이 μ–΄λ””μ„œ λ‚˜λƒκ³  λ¬Όμ—ˆμ£ .
00:57
And I thought she'd say, "Oh, you know,
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ…€κ°€ "였, μ•„μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”.
00:59
up the lagoon somewhere, or maybe across Africa,"
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μ„ν˜Έ μ–΄λ”˜κ°€λ‚˜ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ–΄λ”˜κ°€κ² μ£ ." 라고 ν•  쀄 μ•Œμ•˜μ£ .
01:02
but you'll be happy to know she said
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 이런 이야기λ₯Ό λ“£κ²Œ λ˜λ‹ˆ ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ›Œμš”,
01:04
it came from here, it comes from the North Sea.
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"μ—¬κΈ° λΆν•΄μ—μ„œ λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
01:06
It's caught here, frozen, shipped down to Lagos,
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ μž‘ν˜€μ„œ λƒ‰λ™μ‹œν‚€κ³  라고슀둜 μš΄μ†‘λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
01:08
smoked, and sold for a tiny increment of profit
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ν›ˆμ œλœ λ‹€μŒ 라고슀의 κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ μ΄μœ€μ„ 쑰금 λΆ™μ—¬
01:11
on the streets of Lagos.
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νŒ”λ € λ‚˜κ°€μš”."
01:13
And this is a business incubator.
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그리고 이것은 λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€λ₯Ό μœ‘μ„±μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
This is Olusosun dump, the largest garbage dump in Lagos,
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이것은 λΌκ³ μŠ€μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ“°λ ˆκΈ° 맀립지인 μ˜¬λ£¨μ†ŒμŠ¨ λ§€λ¦½μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
and 2,000 people work here, and I found this out
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 2000λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μΌν•˜κ³  μ €λŠ” 이것을
01:21
from this fellow, Andrew Saboru.
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이 친ꡬ, μ•€λ“œλ₯˜ μ‚¬λ³΄λ£¨μ—κ²Œμ„œ μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
Andrew spent 16 years scavenging materials on the dump,
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μ•€λ“œλ₯˜λŠ” 16λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°μ—μ„œ 물건을 뒀지며 μ‚΄μ•˜κ³ 
01:28
earned enough money to turn himself into a contract scaler,
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μ €μšΈλ‘œ μž¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 될 만큼 λˆμ„ λ²Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
which meant he carried a scale and went around and
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이제 μ €μšΈμ„ λ“€κ³  λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©΄μ„œ
01:34
weighed all the materials that people had scavenged
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°μ—μ„œ λͺ¨μ€
01:36
from the dump. Now he's a scrap dealer.
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λͺ¨λ“  물건의 λ¬΄κ²Œμ„ μž¬λŠ” κ±°λž˜μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
That's his little depot behind him,
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그의 뒀에 μžˆλŠ” 것이 그의 μž‘μ€ 창고이고
01:41
and he earns twice the Nigerian minimum wage.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ μ΅œμ € μž„κΈˆμ˜ 두 λ°°λ₯Ό λ²•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
This is a shopping mall.
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이 곳은 μ‡Όν•‘λͺ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
This is Oshodi Market in Lagos.
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μ—¬κΈ΄ 라고슀의 μ˜€μ‡Όλ”” λ§ˆμΌ“μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
Jorge Luis Borges had a story called "The Aleph,"
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호λ₯΄ν—€ 루이슀 보λ₯΄ν—€μŠ€λŠ” "μ•Œλ ˆν”„"λΌλŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
and the Aleph is a point in the world
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μ•Œλ ˆν”„λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λͺ¨λ“  것이 μžˆλŠ”
01:54
where absolutely everything exists,
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ–΄λŠ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
and for me, this image is a point in the world
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μ €μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 이 사진이 μ™„μ „νžˆ λͺ¨λ“  것이 μžˆλŠ”
01:59
where absolutely everything exists.
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ–΄λŠ κ³³ κ°™κ΅°μš”.
02:02
So, what am I talking about when I talk about System D?
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μ œκ°€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ D에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 무슨 말을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλƒκ³ μš”?
02:04
It's traditionally called the informal economy,
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그것은 μ „ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 비곡식적 경제,
02:07
the underground economy, the black market.
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μ§€ν•˜ 경제, μ•”μ‹œμž₯이라고 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
I don't conceive of it that way.
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μ €λŠ” 이걸 그런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 보지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
I think it's really important to understand that something like
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μ €λŠ” 이런 것이 μ™„μ „νžˆ κ°œλ°©λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
this is totally open. It's right there for you to find.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 찾을 수 μžˆλŠ” λ°”λ‘œ 거기에 μžˆμ§€μš”.
02:20
All of this is happening openly, and aboveboard.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 곡개적으둜, κ³΅μ •ν•˜κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
There's nothing underground about it.
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μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 것은 아무 것도 μ—†μ£ .
02:25
It's our prejudgment that it's underground.
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그것을 μ§€ν•˜ 거래라고 ν•˜λŠ” 것은 우리의 μ„£λΆ€λ₯Έ νŒλ‹¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
I've pirated the term System D from the former French colonies.
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μ €λŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ DλΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό 이전 ν”„λž‘μŠ€ μ‹λ―Όμ§€μ—μ„œ λΉŒλ €μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
There's a word in French that is dΓ©brouillardise,
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'자립적인'을 λœ»ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 단어
02:36
that means to be self-reliant,
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λ°λΈŒλ€Όμ•„λ””μŠ€μ—μ„œ λ”°μ™”λŠ”λ°μš”.
02:38
and the former French colonies have turned that into
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이전 ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 식민지듀은 그것을 자립적인 경제,
02:42
System D for the economy of self-reliance,
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즉, DIY κ²½μ œλž€ 의미의 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ D둜
02:44
or the DIY economy.
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λ°”κΎΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
But governments hate the DIY economy,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정뢀듀은 DIY 경제λ₯Ό μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜κ³ 
02:51
and that's why -- I took this picture in 2007,
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그것이 μ œκ°€--μ €λŠ” 이 사진을 2007년에 μ°μ—ˆκ³ 
02:54
and this is the same market in 2009 --
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이것이 2009λ…„μ˜ 같은 μ‹œμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€--
02:58
and I think, when the organizers of this conference
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 이 회의의 μ£Όμ΅œμžλ“€μ΄ 근본적인
03:01
were talking about radical openness,
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κ°œλ°©μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:02
they didn't mean that the streets should be open
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길듀이 ν‹”μ—¬ 있고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이
03:05
and the people should be gone.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ„ 거라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
I think what we have is a pickle problem.
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우리의 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 피클 문제라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
I had a friend who worked at a pickle factory,
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μ œκ²ŒλŠ” 피클 곡μž₯μ—μ„œ μΌν–ˆλ˜ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:13
and the cucumbers would come flying down
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μ˜€μ΄λ“€μ΄ 컨베이어 λ²¨νŠΈμ—μ„œ 떨어지면
03:15
this conveyer belt, and his job was to pick off the ones
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그의 일은 λ³„λ‘œ 쒋지 λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ 생긴 것듀을 κ³¨λΌμ„œ
03:19
that didn't look so good and throw them in the bin
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"렐리쉬"라고 μ”Œμ—¬μžˆλŠ” 톡에 λ„£λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
03:21
labeled "relish" where they'd be crushed and mixed
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그러면 μ˜€μ΄λ“€μ€ μ°§μ–΄μ Έμ„œ μ‹μ΄ˆμ™€ μ„žμ΄κ³ 
03:23
with vinegar and used for other kinds of profit.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이읡 μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μ“°μ΄κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
03:27
This is the pickle economy.
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이것이 피클 κ²½μ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
We're all focusing on β€” this is a statistic from
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘--이것은 νŒŒμ΄λ‚Έμ…œ νƒ€μž„μ¦ˆμ—μ„œ
03:32
earlier this month in the Financial Times β€”
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이달 μ΄ˆμ— λ°œν‘œλœ μžλ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€--
03:34
we're all focusing on the luxury economy.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ ν˜Έν™” κ²½μ œμ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:38
It's worth 1.5 trillion dollars every year, and that's
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ν˜Έν™” κ²½μ œλŠ” 맀년 1.5μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹ˆκ³ 
03:40
a vast amount of money, right?
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그건 정말 λ§Žμ€ 돈이죠, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
03:42
That's three times the Gross Domestic Product of Switzerland.
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ GDP의 μ„Έ λ°°μ—μš”.
03:45
So it's vast. But it should come with an asterisk,
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μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•˜μ£ . ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ±°κΈ°μ—” νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 사항이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:50
and the asterisk is that it excludes two thirds of the workers
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그것은 ν˜Έν™” κ²½μ œκ°€ 이 세상 λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ˜ 3λΆ„μ˜ 2λ₯Ό
03:54
of the world.
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μ œμ™Έν•œλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
03:55
1.8 billion people around the world work
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이 세상에 μžˆλŠ” 1.8쑰의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·œμ œλ°›μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”
03:59
in the economy that is unregulated and informal.
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비곡식적인 κ²½μ œμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
That's a huge number, and what does that mean?
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그것은 큰 숫자이고, 그것이 λœ»ν•˜λŠ” 게 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
04:08
Well, it means if it were united in a single political system,
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그것은 λ§Œμ•½ 비곡식적 κ²½μ œκ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ 체제둜,
04:12
one country, call it
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ‚˜λΌλ‘œ μ—°ν•©λ˜μ–΄
04:17
"The United Street Sellers Republic," the U.S.S.R.,
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"길거리 상인 합쀑ꡭ"의 뜻으둜 U.S.S.R이라고 ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:20
or "Bazaaristan,"
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λ°”μžλ¦¬μŠ€νƒ„μ΄λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦°λ‹€λ©΄,
04:21
it would be worth 10 trillion dollars every year,
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맀년 10μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 지닐 것이고
04:26
and that would make it the second largest economy
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그것은 λ―Έκ΅­ λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ 두 번째둜 큰
04:28
in the world, after the United States.
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경제 규λͺ¨μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
And given that projections are that the bulk
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그리고 λ‹€μŒ 15λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 경제 μ„±μž₯의 큰 뢀뢄이
04:33
of economic growth over the next 15 years will come
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κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ˜ λΆ€μƒν•˜λŠ” κ²½μ œμ—μ„œ 올 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ”
04:37
from emerging economies in the developing world,
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μ˜ˆμƒμ„ κ°μ•ˆν•œλ‹€λ©΄
04:40
it could easily overtake the United States
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κ·Έ λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ‰½κ²Œ 미ꡭ을 제치고
04:42
and become the largest economy in the world.
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰 경제 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
So the implications of that are vast, because it means
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그것이 가진 함좕적 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œλ°, μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έ 곳이
04:49
that this is where employment is β€” 1.8 billion people β€”
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1.8쑰의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 직μž₯을 κ°–λŠ” 곳이고
04:53
and this is where we can create a more egalitarian world,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ•€λ“œλ₯˜ 사보루가 그랬던 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
04:57
because people are actually able to earn money and live
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λˆμ„ λ²Œμ–΄ μ‚΄κ³  성곡할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
05:01
and thrive, as Andrew Saboru did.
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더 ν‰λ“±ν•œ 세상을 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 곳이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
Big businesses have recognized this,
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λŒ€κΈ°μ—…λ“€μ€ 이것을 μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
and what's fascinating about this slide,
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이 사진에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν₯미둜운 점은 이 λ‚¨μžλ“€μ΄
05:08
it's not that the guys can carry boxes on their heads
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머리에 μƒμžλ₯Ό μ–Ήκ³  λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ¦¬μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 채
05:11
and run around without dropping them off.
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λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
it's that the Gala sausage roll is a product that's made
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그것은 λ°”λ‘œ 갈라 μ†Œμ‹œμ§€ 둀은 아프리카와 μ€‘λ™μ—μ„œ
05:16
by a global company called UAC foods
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널리 νŒ”λ¦¬λŠ” 세계적 기업인
05:19
that's active throughout Africa and the Middle East,
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UAC μ‹ν’ˆμ˜ μ œν’ˆμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
05:22
but the Gala sausage roll is not sold in stores.
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그것듀은 κ°€κ²Œμ—μ„œ νŒ”λ¦¬μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
UAC foods has recognized that it won't sell if it's in stores.
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UAC μ‹ν’ˆμ€ κ°€κ²Œμ— 있으면 μ†Œμ‹œμ§€ 둀이 잘 νŒ”λ¦¬μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμ΄λž€ 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
It's only sold by a phalanx of street hawkers
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μ†Œμ‹œμ§€ 둀은 라고슀의 거리λ₯Ό λ›°μ–΄λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
05:33
who run around the streets of Lagos at bus stations
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λ²„μŠ€ μ •λ₯˜μ†Œλ‚˜ λ„λ‘œκ°€ λ§‰νžˆλŠ” κ³³μ—μ„œ 간식을 νŒŒλŠ”
05:36
and in traffic jams and sell it as a snack,
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거리 행상인을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ νŒ”λ¦¬κ³ 
05:40
and it's been sold that way for 40 years.
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40λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 그래 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
It's a business plan for a corporation.
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νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 사업 κ³„νšμ΄μ§€μš”.
05:45
And it's not just in Africa.
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단지 아프리카뿐이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
Here's Mr. Clean looking amorously at all the other
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이 사진은 λ―ΈμŠ€ν„° 클린이 프둝터&κ°¬λΈ”(P&G)의
05:51
Procter & Gamble products,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μƒν’ˆλ“€μ„ μ‚¬λž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ³΄λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
and Procter & Gamble, you know,
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό P&G의 κ°€μž₯ 큰 고객은
05:55
the statistic always cited is that Wal-Mart
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μ›”λ§ˆνŠΈλΌκ³  μžλ£Œκ°€ 늘 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ”λ°
05:58
is their largest customer, and it's true, as one store,
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그것은 μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•œ 고객으둜써
06:03
Wal-Mart buys 15 percent, thus 15 percent
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μ›”λ§ˆνŠΈλŠ” 15%λ₯Ό μ‚¬λ―€λ‘œ P&G의 μ‚¬μ—…μ˜
06:06
of Procter & Gamble's business is with Wal-Mart,
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15%λŠ” μ›”λ§ˆνŠΈμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 사업을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이죠.
06:09
but their largest market segment is something that they call
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μ‹œμž₯ 고객은
06:12
"high frequency stores," which is all these tiny kiosks
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그듀이 "고주파 κ°€κ²Œ"라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μž‘μ€ 맀점듀과
06:15
and the lady in the canoe and all these other businesses
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μΉ΄λˆ„μ— 있던 뢀인과 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ D, 비곡식적 κ²½μ œμ—
06:19
that exist in System D, the informal economy,
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‚¬μ—…λ“€μ΄μ—μš”.
06:24
and Procter & Gamble makes 20 percent of its money
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P&GλŠ” 수읡의 20%λ₯Ό
06:27
from that market segment,
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κ·Έ μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ μ–»κ³ 
06:29
and it's the only market segment that's growing.
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그것은 μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
So Procter & Gamble says, "We don't care whether a store
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ P&GλŠ” "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ κ°€κ²Œκ°€ μ£Όμ‹νšŒμ‚¬λ“  μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œ ν—ˆκ°€λ°›μ•˜λ“ 
06:36
is incorporated or registered or anything like that.
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μƒκ΄€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. 우린 우리 μƒν’ˆμ΄
06:39
We want our products in that store."
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κ·Έ κ°€κ²Œμ— 있길 λ°”λž€λ‹€."라고 ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
06:43
And then there's mobile phones.
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그리고 νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
This is an ad for MTN,
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이것은 25κ°œκ΅­μ—μ„œ ν™œμ„±ν™”λœ
06:47
which is a South African multinational
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λ‚¨μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄κ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ˜ 닀ꡭ적 기업인
06:49
active in about 25 countries,
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MTN의 광고인데
06:52
and when they came into Nigeria β€”
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MTN이 λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„μ— 상λ₯™ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ-
06:54
Nigeria is the big dog in Africa.
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λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ ꢌλ ₯자이죠.
06:56
One in seven Africans is a Nigerian,
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7λͺ…μ˜ 아프리카인 쀑 1λͺ…은 λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„μΈμ΄κ³ 
06:58
and so everyone wants in to the mobile phone market
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„μ— νœ΄λŒ€ν° μ‹œμž₯을
07:01
in Nigeria. And when MTN came in, they wanted
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μ—΄κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜μ£ . MTN이 λ“€μ–΄ 왔을 λ•Œ, 그듀은 μ œκ°€ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λ°›κ±°λ‚˜
07:03
to sell the mobile service like I get in the United States
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μ—¬κΈ° μ˜κ΅­μ΄λ‚˜ μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œ λ°›κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것과 같은
07:06
or like people get here in the U.K. or in Europe --
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μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό νŒ”κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€-
07:09
expensive monthly plans, you get a phone,
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λΉ„μ‹Ό μš”κΈˆμ œ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ„ λ°›μœΌλ©΄
07:13
you pay overages,
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κ³Όλ„ν•œ μš”κΈˆμ„ λƒˆμ£ .
07:15
you're killed with fees --
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μš”κΈˆμ€ λ‚΄κΈ° νž˜λ“  μ •λ„μ˜€μ–΄μš”-
07:17
and their plan crashed and burned.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ³„νšμ€ μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆμ£ .
07:19
And they went back to the drawing board, and they retooled,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은 μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° λ‹€μ‹œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ κ³„νšμ„ κ°œνŽΈν•΄
07:21
and they came up with another plan:
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ³„νšμ„ μ œμ‹œν–ˆμ£ :
07:23
We don't sell you the phone,
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그듀은 νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ΄λ‚˜
07:25
we don't sell you the monthly plan.
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μš”κΈˆμ œλ₯Ό νŒ”μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
07:27
We only sell you airtime.
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κ·Έμ € μ‚¬μš©μ‹œκ°„λ§Œ μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:30
And where's the airtime sold?
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그럼 μ‚¬μš© μ‹œκ°„μ€ μ–΄λ””μ„œ νŒ”μ•˜λƒκ³ μš”?
07:32
It's sold at umbrella stands all over the streets,
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κΈΈ μ˜¨κ°– ꡰ데에 μžˆλŠ” ν—ˆκ°€λ„ μ—†κ³ 
07:36
where people are unregistered, unlicensed,
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등둝도 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μš°μ‚° μžνŒλŒ€μ—μ„œ νŒ”λ Έμ§€λ§Œ
07:40
but MTN makes most of its profits,
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MTN은 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 수읡,
07:42
perhaps 90 percent of its profits,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 수읡의 90%λ₯Ό
07:45
from selling through System D, the informal economy.
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ D, 비곡식적 κ²½μ œμ—μ„œ μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
And where do the phones come from?
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그러면 이 νœ΄λŒ€ν°λ“€μ€ μ–΄λ””μ„œ λ‚¬λƒκ³ μš”?
07:52
Well, they come from here. This is in Guangzhou, China,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 곳은 μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ κ΄‘μ €μš°μΈλ°
07:54
and if you go upstairs in this rather sleepy looking
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λ§Œμ•½ 이 μƒκΈ°μ—†λŠ” μ „μž 상가 μœ„μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ©΄
07:58
electronics mall, you find the Guangzhou Dashatou
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κ΄‘μ €μš° 닀샀토 쀑고 무역센터λ₯Ό
08:03
second-hand trade center,
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λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
and if you go in there, you follow the guys with the muscles
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그리고 거기에 λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ„œ μƒμžλ₯Ό μš΄λ°˜ν•˜λŠ”
08:09
who are carrying the boxes, and where are they going?
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근윑질의 λ‚¨μžλ“€μ„ 따라가 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. κ·Έ μƒμžλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ””λ‘œ κ°€λƒκ΅¬μš”?
08:11
They're going to Eddy in Lagos.
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κ·Έ μƒμžλ“€μ€ 라고슀의 μ—λ””μ—κ²Œλ‘œ κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
Now, most of the phones there are not second-hand at all.
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자, κ·Έ 곳에 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ€ 쀑고가 μ „ν˜€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
The name is a misnomer.
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λΆ€μ μ ˆν•œ 이름이죠.
08:18
Most of them are pirated. They have the name brand
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ ν•΄μ νŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΈŒλžœλ“œκ°€ λ°•ν˜€μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
08:21
on them, but they're not manufactured by the name brand.
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그것듀은 κ·Έ λΈŒλžœλ“œμ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
08:24
Now, are there downsides to that?
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자, 거기에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ•ˆ 쒋은 점이 μžˆλƒκ³ μš”?
08:27
Well, I guess. You know, China has no β€”
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음, κ·Έλ ‡κ² μ£ . μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 쀑ꡭ은-
08:30
(Laughter) β€” no intellectual property, right?
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(μ›ƒμŒ) - 지적 μž¬μ‚°μ΄ μ—†μž–μ•„μš”, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
08:33
Versace without the vowels.
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λͺ¨μŒμ΄ μ—†λŠ” λ² λ₯΄μ‚¬μ²΄,
08:35
Zhuomani instead of Armani.
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μ•„λ₯΄λ§ˆλ‹ˆ λŒ€μ‹  "μ£Όλ§ˆλ‹ˆ"
08:37
S. Guuuci, and -- (Laughter) (Applause)
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μ—μŠ€ ꡬ우우치, 그리고- (μ›ƒμŒ. λ°•μˆ˜)
08:42
All around the world this is how products
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ 이게 λ¬Όν’ˆμ΄
08:45
are being distributed, so, for instance,
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μœ ν†΅λ˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
08:48
in one street market on Rua 25 de Março
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브라질의 μƒνŒŒμšΈλ£¨ 마λ₯΄μ†Œ 거리 25λ²ˆμ§€μ˜
08:51
in SΓ£o Paulo, Brazil,
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ν•œ 길거리 λ…Έμ μ—μ„œλŠ”
08:53
you can buy fake designer glasses.
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κ°€μ§œ λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆ μ„ κΈ€λΌμŠ€λ₯Ό μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
You can buy cloned cologne.
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λ³΅μ œν’ˆ μ˜€λ“œμ½œλ‘œλ‰΄λ₯Ό μ‚΄ μˆ˜λ„ 있고
08:58
You can buy pirated DVDs, of course.
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λ¬Όλ‘  ν•΄μ νŒ DVD도 μ‚΄ 수 있죠.
09:01
You can buy New York Yankees caps
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ν—ˆκ°€λ°›μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ””μžμΈμ˜
09:04
in all sorts of unauthorized patterns.
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λ‰΄μš• μ–‘ν‚€μ¦ˆ λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό μ‚΄ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
You can buy cuecas baratas, designer underwear
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'μΏ μ—μΉ΄μŠ€ λ°”λΌλ”°μŠ€'라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
09:10
that isn't really manufactured by a designer,
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짝퉁 λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆ μ†μ˜·λ„ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
and even pirated evangelical mixtapes. (Laughter)
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심지어 ν•΄μ νŒ 볡음 CD도 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ›ƒμŒ)
09:17
Now, businesses tend to complain about this,
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자, 기업듀은 이것을 뢈만슀럽게 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
and their, they, I don't want to take away from their
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μ €λŠ” 그듀이 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λΆˆλ§Œμ„ ν† λ‘œν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν†΅μ§Έλ‘œ
09:23
entire validity of complaining about it,
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ν„ν•˜ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
09:25
but I did ask a major sneaker manufacturer earlier this year
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μ €κ°€ μ˜¬ν•΄ 초 λŒ€κΈ°μ—… μ‹ λ°œ μ œμ‘°μ—…μ²΄μ—
09:30
what they thought about piracy,
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짝퉁에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λƒκ³  λ¬Όμ—ˆλ”λ‹ˆ
09:33
and they told me, "Well, you can't quote me on this,
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그듀은 제게 "제 말 μΈμš©ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”, μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄
09:34
because if you quote me on this, I have to kill you,"
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제 말을 μΈμš©ν•˜λ©΄ μ „ 당신을 μ£½μ—¬μ•Ό ν•  κ±°μ—μš”."라고 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
09:36
but they use piracy as market research.
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그듀은 μ‹œμž₯ μ‘°μ‚¬λ‘œ 짝퉁을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
The sneaker manufacturer told me that if
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κ·Έ μ œμ‘°νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 제게 λ§Œμ•½ 그듀이 ν“¨λ§ˆλ‚˜
09:45
they find that Pumas are being pirated, or Adidas
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μ•„λ””λ‹€μŠ€μ˜ 짝퉁은 제쑰되고 μžˆλŠ”λ°
09:49
are being pirated and their sneakers aren't being pirated,
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μ‹ λ°œμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 μ•ˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:52
they know they've done something wrong. (Laughter)
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그듀이 무언가λ₯Ό 잘λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ›ƒμŒ)
09:55
So it's very important to them to track piracy
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λ°”λ‘œ 이런 이유 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 짝퉁을 μ«“λŠ” 것이
09:58
exactly because of this, and the people who are buying,
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것이고 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 고객듀은
10:00
the pirates, are not their customers anyway,
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μ§„ν’ˆμ„ μ›ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 짝퉁을 μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
10:02
because their customers want the real deal.
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μ–΄μ°¨ν”Ό κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 고객이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
10:05
Now, there's another problem.
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자, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:07
This is a real street sign in Lagos, Nigeria.
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이것은 λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ 라고슀의 μ‹€μ œ ν‘œμ§€νŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
All of System D really doesn't pay taxes, right?
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μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ Dμ—μ„œλŠ” 사싀 μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ 내지 μ•ˆμž–μ•„μš”, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
10:13
And when I think about that, first of all I think that
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이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해볼 λ•Œ, 첫 번째 μƒκ°λ‚˜λŠ” 것은
10:15
government is a social contract between the people and
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  계약이고
10:19
the government, and if the government isn't transparent,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ •λΆ€κ°€ 투λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄
10:21
then the people aren't going to be transparent either,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ—­μ‹œ 투λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
but also that we're blaming the little guy
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ™μ‹œμ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ 내지 μ•ŠλŠ”
10:26
who doesn't pay his taxes, and we're not recognizing
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μ•½μžλ₯Ό νƒ“ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κ°€μž₯ μ‘΄κ²½λ°›λŠ” λͺ‡ νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬
10:28
that everyone's fudging things all over the world,
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ 사싀을
10:31
including some extremely respected businesses,
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속이고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 잊고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
and I'll give you one example.
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예λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ“€μ–΄λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
10:36
There was one company that paid 4,000 bribes
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2001λ…„λΆ€ν„° 10λ…„κ°„ 4000번의 λ‡Œλ¬Όμ„ μ€€
10:40
in the first decade of this millennium, and
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ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
a million dollars in bribes every business day, right?
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ν‰μΌλ§ˆλ‹€ λ°± μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ‡Œλ¬Όλ‘œ μ“΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
10:48
All over the world. And that company
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세계 κ³³κ³³μ—μš”. κ·Έ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” λ…μΌμ˜
10:50
was the big German electronics giant Siemens.
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μ „μžκΈ°κΈ° λŒ€κΈ°μ—…, μ§€λ©˜μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:53
So this goes on in the formal economy
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 이것은 비곡식적 κ²½μ œμ™€ λ™μ‹œμ—
10:57
as well as the informal economy,
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곡식적 κ²½μ œμ—λ„ 해당이 λ˜λŠ” 것이죠.
10:59
so it's wrong of us to blame β€” and I'm not singling out
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 탓할 수 μ—†μ–΄μš”-μ €λŠ” 단지
11:01
Siemens, I'm saying everyone does it. Okay?
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μ§€λ©˜μŠ€λ‘œλ§Œ κ΅­ν•œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ‘ κ·Έλž˜μš”.
11:05
I just want to end by saying that if Adam Smith
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλƒ₯, 만일 μ•„λ‹΄ μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€κ°€ 자유(free)μ‹œμž₯ λŒ€μ‹ 
11:08
had framed out a theory of the flea market
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벼룩(flea)μ‹œμž₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
11:11
instead of the free market, what would be some
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μ›μΉ™μ˜ 합은 λ¬΄μ—‡μ΄μ—ˆμ„μ§€ μƒκ°ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
11:14
of the principles?
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강연을 마치고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
First, it would be to understand that it could be
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 벼룩 μ‹œμž₯이 ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμž₯으둜
11:20
considered a cooperative, and this is a thought
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생각할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것인데 이것은 브라질의
11:22
from the Brazilian legal scholar Roberto Mangabeira Unger.
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합법적 ν•™μžμΈ 둜베λ₯΄ν†  망가베라 μ—‰κ±°κ°€ μ œμ‹œν•œ μƒκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
Cooperative development is a way forward.
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ν˜‘λ ₯적 λ°œμ „μ€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
Secondly, from the [Austrian] anarchist philosopher Paul Feyerabend,
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두 번째둜, μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•ˆ λ¬΄μ •λΆ€μ£Όμ˜μž μ² ν•™μžμΈ 폴 νŒŒμ΄μ–΄λ²€νŠΈμ— μ˜ν•˜λ©΄
11:34
facts are relative, and what is a massive right
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사싀듀은 μƒλŒ€μ μ΄κ³ , λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ μ‚¬μ—…κ°€μ˜
11:39
of self-reliance to a Nigerian businessperson
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μžλ¦½μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬λŠ”
11:42
is considered unauthorized and horrible to other people,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ² ν—ˆκ°€λ°›μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³  λ”μ°ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
and we have to recognize that there are differences
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 사물을 μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 방식과
11:48
in how people define things and what their facts are.
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그듀이 λŠλΌλŠ” 사싀 μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” 차이가 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
And third is, and I'm taking this from
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그리고 μ„Έ λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”, μ €λŠ” 이 말을 미ꡭ의 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ λΉ„νŠΈ μ‹œμΈ
11:53
the great American beat poet Allen Ginsberg,
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μ•Œλ Œ κΈ΄μŠ€λ²„κ·Έμ˜ λ§μ—μ„œ μΈμš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
11:56
that alternate economies barter and
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λŒ€μ•ˆμ μΈ κ²½μ œλŠ” λ¬Όλ¬Ό 거래λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³ 
11:59
different kinds of currency, alternate currencies
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 톡화, λŒ€μ•ˆμ μΈ 톡화듀은
12:02
are also very important, and he talked about
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λ˜ν•œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것을
12:05
buying what he needed just with his good looks.
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그의 μž˜μƒκΈ΄ μ™Έλͺ¨λ‘œ μ‚¬λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:08
And so I just want to leave you there, and say that
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이제 μ €λŠ” 이 κ²½μ œλŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ°œμ „μ— μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ νž˜μ„
12:11
this economy is a tremendous force for global development
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κ°€ν•˜κ³  있고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 경제λ₯Ό μžˆλŠ” κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ
12:16
and we need to think about it that way.
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봐야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λ©° 끝마치고 μ‹Άκ΅°μš”.
12:18
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ°•μˆ˜)
12:21
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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