Cradle to cradle design | William McDonough

306,651 views ใƒป 2007-05-17

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Juwayria Osman ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Anwar Dafa-Alla
00:26
In 1962, with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring,"
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1962 ุŒ ูƒุงู† ูƒุชุงุจ ุฑุงุดูŠู„ ูƒุงุฑุณูˆู† "ุงู„ุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุตุงู…ุช"ุŒ
00:30
I think for people like me in the world of the making of things,
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ู„ุฃูู†ุงุณ ู…ุซู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ
00:35
the canary in the mine wasn't singing.
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ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ุชุญุฐูŠุฑ (ุงู„ูƒู†ุงุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฌู… ุชูˆู‚ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุบุฑูŠุฏ)
00:39
And so the question that we might not have birds
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุงู† ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุฃู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุทูŠูˆุฑ
00:42
became kind of fundamental to those of us wandering around
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ุฃุตุจุญุช ุฌูˆู‡ุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฃููˆู„ุฆูƒ ุงู„ุฌุงุฆู„ูŠู† ู…ู†ู‘ุง
00:45
looking for the meadowlarks that seemed to have all disappeared.
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ุจุญุซุงู‹ ุนู† ุทูŠูˆุฑ ู‚ุจุฑุฉุงู„ู…ุฑูˆุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุงุฎุชูุช.
00:48
And the question was, were the birds singing?
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุชุบุฑู‘ูุฏุŸ
00:51
Now, I'm not a scientist, that'll be really clear.
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู„ุณุช ุจุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆุงุถุญุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
00:55
But, you know, we've just come from this discussion of what a bird might be.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆ ููŠ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ู…ุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑ.
00:59
What is a bird?
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ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุŸ
01:00
Well, in my world, this is a rubber duck.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ ุŒ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุทู‘ุฉ ู…ุทู‘ุงุทูŠุฉ.
01:04
It comes in California with a warning --
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ุชุฃุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู„ูŠููˆุฑู†ูŠุง ู…ุน ุชุญุฐูŠุฑ--
01:06
"This product contains chemicals known by the State of California
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"ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ูุจู„ ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู„ูŠููˆุฑู†ูŠุง
01:09
to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm."
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ุจุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ุง ุชุณุจู‘ูุจ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู† ูˆุงู„ุชุดูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฎูŽู„ู’ู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณุจุจ ุฃุถุฑุงุฑ ุชู†ุงุณู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูุฎุฑู‰."
01:16
This is a bird.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑ.
01:19
What kind of culture would produce a product of this kind
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ุฃูŠู‘ู ุซู‚ุงูุฉู ุชู„ูƒูŽ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูู†ุชุฌ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌ
01:22
and then label it and sell it to children?
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ุซู… ุชูุณู…ู‘ููŠู‡ ูˆุชุจูŠุนู‡ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŸ
01:27
I think we have a design problem.
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ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชุตู…ูŠู….
01:30
Someone heard the six hours of talk that I gave
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ุดุฎุตูŒ ู…ุง ุณู…ุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุชู‘ู ุณุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡
01:35
called "The Monticello Dialogues" on NPR, and sent me this as a thank you note --
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ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจ "ุญูˆุงุฑุงุช ู…ูˆู†ุชูŠุดู„ูˆ" ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฐุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ NPRุŒ ูˆุฃุฑุณู„ ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุฐูƒุฑุฉ ุดูƒุฑ--
01:41
"We realize that design is a signal of intention,
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"ู†ุญู† ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ูˆ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู†ูŠุฉ
01:43
but it also has to occur within a world,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
01:46
and we have to understand that world in order to
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„
01:50
imbue our designs with inherent intelligence,
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ุตุจุบ ุชุตุงู…ูŠู…ู†ุง ุจุฐูƒุงุกู ูุทุฑูŠูุŒ
01:53
and so as we look back at the basic state of affairs
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ู„ู„ูˆุฑุงุก ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ
01:58
in which we design, we, in a way, need to go to the primordial condition
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุถุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุŒ ู†ุญู†ุŒ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุŒ ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ู„ู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ
02:03
to understand the operating system and the frame conditions of a planet,
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ู„ูู‡ู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุธุฑูˆู ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจุŒ
02:08
and I think the exciting part of that is the good news that's there,
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุกุงู„ู…ุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ
02:13
because the news is the news of abundance,
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆูุฑุฉุŒ
02:16
and not the news of limits,
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ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏูŠุฉุŒ
02:18
and I think as our culture tortures itself now
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุนุฐู‘ูŽุจ ุซู‚ุงูุชู†ุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†
02:23
with tyrannies and concerns over limits and fear,
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ุจุงู„ุทุบูŠุงู† ูˆุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏูˆุฏูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎูˆูุŒ
02:28
we can add this other dimension of abundance that is coherent,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจูุนุฏ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆูุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉุŒ
02:33
driven by the sun, and start to imagine
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ู…ู‚ุงุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุดู…ุณุŒ ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชุฎูŠู„
02:35
what that would be like to share."
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ูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐุงูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน."
02:42
That was a nice thing to get.
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ุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠุก ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡.
02:44
That was one sentence.
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ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
02:48
Henry James would be proud.
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ู‡ู†ุฑูŠ ุฌูŠู…ุณ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูุฎูˆุฑุงู‹.
02:50
This is -- I put it down at the bottom,
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ู‡ุฐุง -- ูˆุถุนุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ
02:52
but that was extemporaneous, obviously.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฑุชุฌู„ุงุŒ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ.
02:55
The fundamental issue is that, for me,
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ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ
02:58
design is the first signal of human intentions.
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ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุดุงุฑุฉ ู„ู†ูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.
03:00
So what are our intentions, and what would our intentions be --
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ูู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ู†ูˆุงูŠุงู†ุง ุŒ ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูˆุงูŠุงู†ุง --
03:04
if we wake up in the morning, we have designs on the world --
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ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชูŠู‚ุธู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตุจุงุญุŒ ูˆูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชุตุงู…ูŠู… ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…--
03:07
well, what would our intention be as a species
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูˆุงูŠุงู†ุง ูƒูุตูŠู„ุฉ
03:09
now that we're the dominant species?
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ุงู„ุขู† ูˆู†ุญู† ุงู„ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุฉุŸ
03:11
And it's not just stewardship and dominion debate,
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ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูู‚ุท ุฌุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุฉุŒ
03:14
because really, dominion is implicit in stewardship --
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุฉ ุชูƒู…ู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฏุฉ--
03:20
because how could you dominate something you had killed?
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‡ูŠู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ู‚ุชู„ุชู‡ุŸ
03:22
And stewardship's implicit in dominion,
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ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒู…ู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุฉุŒ
03:24
because you can't be steward of something if you can't dominate it.
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ู„ุฃู†ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุณูˆุฏ ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ุง ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู…ู‡ูŠู…ู† ุนู„ูŠู‡.
03:26
So the question is, what is the first question for designers?
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู„ู…ุตู…ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
03:32
Now, as guardians -- let's say the state, for example,
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ุงู„ุขู† ูƒุฑุนุงุฉ-- ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ
03:35
which reserves the right to kill, the right to be duplicitous and so on --
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูุธ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุญู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุชู„ุŒ ุญู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฏุนุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ--
03:40
the question we're asking the guardian at this point is
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ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุฃู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฑุนุงุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ
03:43
are we meant, how are we meant,
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ู‡ู„ ู†ุญู† ู…ุนู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ ูƒูŠู ุนูŽู†ูŽูŠู’ู†ุงุŒ
03:45
to secure local societies, create world peace
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ุจุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ
03:47
and save the environment?
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ูˆุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŸ
03:49
But I don't know that that's the common debate.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฏู„ ุงู„ุนุงู….
03:52
Commerce, on the other hand, is relatively quick,
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ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุŒ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ู†ุณุจูŠุงู‹ ุŒ
03:56
essentially creative, highly effective and efficient,
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ูู‡ูŠ ุฃุณุงุณุงู‹ ุฎู„ุงู‚ุฉุŒ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูƒูุงุกุฉุŒ
03:58
and fundamentally honest, because we can't exchange
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ูˆุฌุฐุฑูŠุง ุตุงุฏู‚ุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุจุงุฏู„
04:01
value for very long if we don't trust each other.
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ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู„ู… ู†ุซู‚ ููŠ ุจุนุถู†ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ.
04:05
So we use the tools of commerce primarily for our work,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุŒ
04:07
but the question we bring to it is,
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุชุนูŠุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆุŒ
04:09
how do we love all the children of all species for all time?
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ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุตุงุฆู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุฒู…ู†ุฉุŸ
04:13
And so we start our designs with that question.
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ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„.
04:16
Because what we realize today is that modern culture
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ู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ู†ุฏุฑูƒู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุซู‚ุงูุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ
04:18
appears to have adopted a strategy of tragedy.
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุจู†ู‘ูŽุช ุฅุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฃุณุงุฉ.
04:21
If we come here and say, "Well, I didn't intend
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุฃุชูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„ : "ุญุณู†ุง ุŒ ู„ู… ุฃูƒู† ุฃู†ูˆูŠ
04:23
to cause global warming on the way here,"
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ุงู„ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ูˆุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ"
04:24
and we say, "That's not part of my plan,"
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ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู„ : "ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฎุทู‘ูŽุชูŠ".
04:26
then we realize it's part of our de facto plan.
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ุซู… ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฒุกูŒ ู…ู† ุฎุทู‘ุชู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ.
04:29
Because it's the thing that's happening because we have no other plan.
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ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูŠ ุฎุทุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
04:32
And I was at the White House for President Bush,
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ูˆูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ู„ู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุจูˆุด ุŒ
04:34
meeting with every federal department and agency,
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ุฃุฌุชู…ุน ู…ุน ูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒุงุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ูˆูƒุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุชุญุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ
04:36
and I pointed out that they appear to have no plan.
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ูˆ ุฃุดุฑุชู ุงู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ุงูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฎุทุฉ.
04:40
If the end game is global warming, they're doing great.
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ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู‡ูˆ ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅุญุชุจุงุณ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ุŒ ูุฅู†ู‘ ู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุนุธูŠู…ุงู‹.
04:42
If the end game is mercury toxification of our children
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ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู‡ูˆ ุชุณู…ู‘ูู… ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฒุฆุจู‚
04:45
downwind of coal fire plants as they scuttled the Clean Air Act,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุญุฑู‚ ุงู„ูุญู… ูˆุฅูุดุงู„ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู†ุธูŠูุŒ
04:48
then I see that our education programs should be explicitly defined as,
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ูุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฃุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ูƒุงู„ุขุชูŠุŒ
04:52
"Brain death for all children. No child left behind."
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"ู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุซู†ู‰ ุทูู„ูŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ"
04:54
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
04:58
So, the question is, how many federal officials
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆ ุŒ ูƒู… ุนุฏุฏุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ููŠุฏุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู†
05:02
are ready to move to Ohio and Pennsylvania with their families?
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู‡ุงูŠูˆ ูˆุจู†ุณู„ูุงู†ูŠุง ู…ุน ุฃุณุฑู‡ู…ุŸ
05:05
So if you don't have an endgame of something delightful,
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ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู„ุง ุชู…ู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฏูุง ุณุงุฑู‘ุงู‹
05:09
then you're just moving chess pieces around,
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ูุฅู†ู‘ูƒ ูู‚ุท ุชุญุฑู‘ูƒ ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุดุทุฑู†ุฌ ุชุญุฑูŠูƒุงู‹
05:11
if you don't know you're taking the king.
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ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุชุฏุฑูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ.
05:12
So perhaps we could develop a strategy of change,
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ู„ุฐุง ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูˆุถุน ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ
05:15
which requires humility. And in my business as an architect,
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุถุน. ูˆููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณ ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠ ุŒ
05:18
it's unfortunate the word "humility" and the word "architect"
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุคุณู ุฃู† ู„ูุธุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุถุน ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠ
05:22
have not appeared in the same paragraph since "The Fountainhead."
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ู„ู… ุชุธู‡ุฑุง ู…ุนุงู‹ ููŠ ูู‚ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ุฐ ุตุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุชุงุจ "ุงู„ู…ู†ุจุน".
05:25
So if anybody here has trouble with the concept of design humility,
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ูู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ ุฃูŠู‘ูŽ ุดุฎุต ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุน ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุชูˆุงุถุน ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุŒ
05:30
reflect on this -- it took us 5,000 years
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ุงุฑุฌุน ู„ู‡ุฐุง -- ุงุณุชุบุฑู‚ู†ุง ูฅู ู ู  ุณู†ุฉ
05:33
to put wheels on our luggage.
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ู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุชุนุชู†ุง.
05:37
So, as Kevin Kelly pointed out, there is no endgame.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุดุงุฑ ูƒูŠูู† ูƒูŠู„ูŠ ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู‘ูŽุนุจุฉ.
05:42
There is an infinite game, and we're playing in that infinite game.
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ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู„ุนุจุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ู„ุนุจ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุนุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุฉ.
05:46
And so we call it "cradle to cradle,"
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ูˆ ู„ุฐุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง "ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ"ุŒ
05:48
and our goal is very simple.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฏูู†ุง ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุง.
05:49
This is what I presented to the White House.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ุฏู…ุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุงู„ุงุจูŠุถ.
05:51
Our goal is a delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world,
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ู‡ุฏูู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู†ุชู…ุชุน ุจุนุงู„ู… ู…ุชู†ูˆุนุŒ ุขู…ู†ุŒ ุตุญู‘ููŠุŒ
05:54
with clean air, clean water, soil and power --
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ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆุงุก ู†ู‚ูŠุŒ ู…ุงุกู ู†ุธูŠูุŒ ุชุฑุจุฉู ูˆ ุทุงู‚ุฉ --
05:57
economically, equitably, ecologically and elegantly enjoyed, period.
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ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠุงู‹ ุŒุนุฏู„ูŠุงู‹ุŒ ุจูŠุฆูŠุงู‹ ูˆ ูŠุชุณุชู…ุชุน ุจู‡ ุจูƒู„ ุฑูˆุนุฉุŒ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰.
06:01
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
06:04
What don't you like about this?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฌุจูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
06:07
Which part of this don't you like?
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ุฃูŠ ุฌุฒุกู ู…ู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุนุฌุจูƒุŸ
06:09
So we realized we want full diversity,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุฏุฑูƒู†ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑุงู‹ ูƒุงู…ู„ุงู‹ ุŒ
06:11
even though it can be difficult to remember what De Gaulle said
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุชุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุงู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุฏูŠุบูˆู„
06:14
when asked what it was like to be President of France.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุณุฆู„ ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู†ุช ุฑุฆุงุณุชูƒ ู„ูุฑู†ุณุง.
06:16
He said, "What do you think it's like trying to run a country with 400 kinds of cheese?"
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ูู‚ุงู„ุŒ " ููŠ ุฑุฃูŠูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุจู„ุฏ ุจู‡ ูคู ู  ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุจู†ุŸ"
06:20
But at the same time, we realize that our products are not safe and healthy.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฐุงุชู‡ ุŒ ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุชู†ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุขู…ู†ุฉ ูˆ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุญูŠุฉ.
06:23
So we've designed products
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ู„ุฐุง ู‚ุฏ ุตู…ู…ู†ุง ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช
06:25
and we analyzed chemicals down to the parts per million.
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ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุตูˆู„ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†.
06:27
This is a baby blanket by Pendleton that will give your child nutrition
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ู‡ุฐุง ุบุทุงุก ุทูู„ ู…ู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุจู†ุฏู„ุชูˆู† ุณุชุนุทูŠ ุทูู„ูƒ ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ
06:30
instead of Alzheimer's later in life.
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ุจุฏู„ุง ุนู† ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุงูŠู…ุฑ ู„ุงุญู‚ุง.
06:32
We can ask ourselves, what is justice,
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ู‚ุฏ ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ ุŒ
06:34
and is justice blind, or is justice blindness?
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ูˆ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ ุฃุนู…ู‰ุŒ ุฃู… ุงู„ุนุฏู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู…ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุŸ
06:38
And at what point did that uniform turn from white to black?
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ูˆููŠ ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ูˆู† ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ุฒูŠู‘ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏุŸ
06:43
Water has been declared a human right by the United Nations.
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ุฃุนู„ู† ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุงู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุญู‚ ู…ู† ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุงู† .
06:46
Air quality is an obvious thing to anyone who breathes.
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ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู†ู‚ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌู„ูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู† ูŠุชู†ูุณ.
06:48
Is there anybody here who doesn't breathe?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุดุฎุต ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠุชู†ูุณุŸ
06:51
Clean soil is a critical problem -- the nitrification, the dead zones
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ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธูŠูุฉ ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ุงู… -- ุงู„ู†ุชุฑุฌุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุฉ
06:54
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฌ ุงู„ู…ูƒุณูŠูƒ.
06:56
A fundamental issue that's not being addressed.
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ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู… ุชุชู… ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุชู‡ ุจุนุฏ.
06:58
We've seen the first form of solar energy
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ
07:00
that's beat the hegemony of fossil fuels in the form of wind
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ูˆ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุบู„ุจุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงุญููˆุฑูŠ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ุฑูŠุงุญ
07:03
here in the Great Plains, and so that hegemony is leaving.
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ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ "ุงู„ุณู‡ูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰"ุŒ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุชู†ุฏุซุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุฉ.
07:06
And if we remember Sheikh Yamani when he formed OPEC,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ูŠู…ุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุดูƒู‘ู„ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆุจูƒ ุŒ
07:09
they asked him, "When will we see the end of the age of oil?"
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ุณุฃู„ูˆู‡ : "ู…ุชู‰ ุณู†ุฑู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ู†ูุทุŸ"
07:12
I don't know if you remember his answer, but it was,
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ู„ุง ุฃุฏุฑูŠ ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู† ุงุฌุงุจุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŽู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุŒ
07:15
"The Stone Age didn't end because we ran out of stones."
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"ู„ู… ูŠู†ุชู‡ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ุงู„ุญุฌุฑูŠ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุนุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุญุฌุงุฑุฉ."
07:19
We see that companies acting ethically in this world
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ู†ุฑู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชู‰ ุชู„ุชุฒู… ุฃุฎู„ุงู‚ูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
07:23
are outperforming those that don't.
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ุชููˆู‚ ู†ุธูŠุฑุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ุงุฆูŠ ู„ุง ูŠูุนู„ู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
07:24
We see the flows of materials in a rather terrifying prospect.
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ู†ุฑู‰ ุชุฏูู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ู ู…ุฑุนุจ.
07:29
This is a hospital monitor from Los Angeles, sent to China.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุงุดุฉ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ููŠ ู„ูˆุณ ุงู†ุฌูŠู„ูˆุณุŒ ุฃุฑุณู„ุช ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูŠู†.
07:32
This woman will expose herself to toxic phosphorous,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุชุนุฑุถ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู„ู„ูุณููˆุฑ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุŒ
07:35
release four pounds of toxic lead into her childrens' environment,
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ูŠูุฑุฒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุทุงู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุงู„ุณุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจุฃุจู†ุงุฆู‡ุงุŒ
07:38
which is from copper.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ.
07:40
On the other hand, we see great signs of hope.
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ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุŒ ู†ุฑู‰ ุจูˆุงุฏุฑ ุฃู…ู„ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ.
07:42
Here's Dr. Venkataswamy in India, who's figured out
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ูุงู†ู’ูƒูŽุชูŽุณู’ูˆุงู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุนุฑู
07:45
how to do mass-produced health.
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู†ุชุฌ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‡ุงุฆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุญุฉ .
07:47
He has given eyesight to two million people for free.
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ู‚ุฏ ุฃุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุจุตุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠ ุดุฎุต ู…ุฌุงู†ุงู‹.
07:51
We see in our material flows that car steels don't become car steel again
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ู†ุฑู‰ ูู‰ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ููˆู„ุงุฐ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู„ุง ูŠุฑุฌุน ููˆู„ุงุฐุง ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
07:54
because of the contaminants of the coatings --
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ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆุซุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุก--
07:56
bismuth, antimony, copper and so on.
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ุงู„ุจุฒู…ูˆุชุŒ ุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ุง.
07:58
They become building steel.
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ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููˆู„ุงุฐุงู‹ ู„ู„ุชุดูŠูŠุฏ.
07:59
On the other hand, we're working with Berkshire Hathaway,
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ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู†ุจุญุซ ููŠ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฑูƒุดุงูŠุฑ ู‡ุงุซุงูˆูŠุŒ
08:01
Warren Buffett and Shaw Carpet,
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ูˆุงุฑูŠู† ุจูˆููŠุช ูˆุดูˆ ู„ู„ู…ูˆูƒูŠุชุŒ
08:04
the largest carpet company in the world.
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ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู…ูˆูƒูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
08:05
We've developed a carpet that is continuously recyclable,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุทูˆุฑู†ุง ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆูƒูŠุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุŒ
08:08
down to the parts per million.
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ุญุชู‰ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†.
08:11
The upper is Nylon 6 that can go back to caprolactam,
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ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู†ุงูŠู„ูˆู† ูฆ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ูƒุงุจุฑูˆู„ุงูƒุชู…ุŒ
08:14
the bottom, a polyolephine -- infinitely recyclable thermoplastic.
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ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠุŒ ุนุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠููŠู†-- ู„ุงุฏู† ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุตู†ูŠุนู‡ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุงู‹.
08:17
Now if I was a bird, the building on my left is a liability.
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ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุทุงุฆุฑุงู‹ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠุณุงุฑูŠ ูŠุดูƒู„ ุนุงุฆู‚ุงู‹.
08:21
The building on my right, which is our corporate campus for The Gap
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ุงู„ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ูŠู…ูŠู†ูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุญุฑู… ุดุฑูƒุชู†ุง "ุซุง ู‚ุงุจ"
08:24
with an ancient meadow, is an asset -- its nesting grounds.
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ุจู‡ ู…ุฑุฌ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุŒ ุงู†ู‡ ุซุฑูˆุฉ-- ุฃูˆูƒุงุฑ ู„ู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ.
08:29
Here's where I come from. I grew up in Hong Kong,
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ู‡ู†ุง ุญูŠุซ ุฃุชูŠุช. ู„ู‚ุฏ ู†ุดุฃุช ููŠ ู‡ูˆู†ุบ ูƒูˆู†ุบ ุŒ
08:31
with six million people in 40 square miles.
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ู…ุน ุณุชุฉ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุดุฎุต ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ููŠ ูคู  ู…ูŠู„ุงู‹ ู…ุฑุจุนุงู‹.
08:33
During the dry season, we had four hours of water every fourth day.
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ูˆุณู… ุงู„ุฌูุงู ุŒ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุงุช ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ ูƒู„ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู….
08:37
And the relationship to landscape was that of farmers who have been
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ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุธุฑ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู†
08:40
farming the same piece of ground for 40 centuries.
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ุจุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ู†ูุณ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ูคู  ู‚ุฑู†ุงู‹.
08:44
You can't farm the same piece of ground for 40 centuries
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ู†ูุณ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ูคู  ู‚ุฑู†ุงู‹
08:46
without understanding nutrient flow.
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ุฏูˆู† ูู‡ู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก.
08:49
My childhood summers were in the Puget Sound of Washington,
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ูุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุตูŠู ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุทููˆู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจุญุฑ ุจูˆุฌูŠุช ุจูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†ุŒ
08:52
among the first growth and big growth.
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
08:54
My grandfather had been a lumberjack in the Olympics,
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ูƒุงู† ุฌุฏูŠ ุญุทุงุจุงู‹ ููŠ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ุนุงุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุฉ ุŒ
08:56
so I have a lot of tree karma I am working off.
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู„ูŠู‘ูŽ ุชุนูˆูŠุถุงุช ู„ู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณุฏูŠุฏู‡ุง.
09:01
I went to Yale for graduate school,
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ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠูŠู„ ู„ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุงุŒ
09:03
studied in a building of this style by Le Corbusier,
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ุฏุฑุณุช ููŠ ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑุงุฒ ู…ู† ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู„ู€ูŽูŠ ูƒูŽูˆุฑู’ุจูˆุฒู’ูŠูŽูŠู‡ู’ุŒ
09:05
affectionately known in our business as Brutalism.
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ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุงู‹ ุนุฑู ููŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุจู€ "ุงู„ูˆุญุดูŠุฉ".
09:09
If we look at the world of architecture,
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ู„ูˆ ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุฉุŒ
09:12
we see with Mies' 1928 tower for Berlin,
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ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุน ุจุฑุฌ ู…ูŠุณ ุนุงู… ูกูฉูขูจ ููŠ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฑู„ูŠู†ุŒ
09:15
the question might be, "Well, where's the sun?"
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„"ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃูŠู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณุŸ".
09:17
And this might have worked in Berlin, but we built it in Houston,
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ุฑุจู‘ูŽู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุญ ููŠ ุจุฑู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจู†ูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ู‡ูŠูˆุณุชู†ุŒ
09:20
and the windows are all closed. And with most products
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ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงูุฐ ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ. ูˆ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช
09:23
appearing not to have been designed for indoor use,
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ุชุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ู… ุชุตู…ู… ู„ู„ุฅุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุŒ
09:25
this is actually a vertical gas chamber.
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ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุญุฑู‚ุฉ ุบุงุฒ ุฑุฃุณูŠุฉ.
09:28
When I went to Yale, we had the first energy crisis,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ูŠูŠู„ ุŒ ุนุดู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุŒ
09:31
and I was designing the first solar-heated house in Ireland
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ูˆูƒู†ุช ุฃุตู…ู… ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู†ุฒู„ ูŠุณุฎู† ุจุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฅูŠุฑู„ู†ุฏุง
09:33
as a student, which I then built --
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ูƒุทุงู„ุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจู†ูŠุชู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ --
09:35
which would give you a sense of my ambition.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ุจุทู…ูˆุญูŠ.
09:37
And Richard Meier, who was one of my teachers,
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ูˆ ุฑูŠุชุดุงุฑุฏ ู…ูŠูŠุฑุฒุŒ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุณุงุชุฐุชูŠุŒ
09:39
kept coming over to my desk to give me criticism,
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ูƒุงู† ู„ุง ูŠูƒู ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฆ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุถุฏุชูŠ ุซู… ูŠู†ุชู‚ุฏู†ูŠุŒ
09:41
and he would say, "Bill, you've got to understand- --
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ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุจูŠู„ุŒ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชูู‡ู…--
09:43
solar energy has nothing to do with architecture."
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ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ."
09:51
I guess he didn't read Vitruvius.
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠู‚ุฑุฃ ูƒุชุงุจ ููŠุชุฑูˆููŠูˆุณ.
09:53
In 1984, we did the first so-called "green office" in America
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ููŠ ุนุงู… 1984 ุŒ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจ "ุงู„ู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ" ููŠ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง
09:57
for Environmental Defense.
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ู„ูˆุฒุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุนู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ.
09:58
We started asking manufacturers what were in their materials.
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ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุนูŠู† ุนู† ู…ุงุฐุง ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏู‡ู….
10:01
They said, "They're proprietary, they're legal, go away."
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ู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ "ุฅู†ู‘ูŽู‡ู… ูŠู…ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงุฐู‡ุจูˆุง ุนู†ู‘ูŽุง."
10:03
The only indoor quality work done in this country at that time
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ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู…ู‘ ุนู† ู†ูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุขู†ุฐุงูƒ
10:05
was sponsored by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company,
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ูƒุงู† ุจุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุฑ.ุฌ. ุฑูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏุฒ ู„ู„ุชุจุบุŒ
10:08
and it was to prove there was no danger
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ูŠุซุจุช ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ
10:09
from secondhand smoke in the workplace.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฎูŠู† ุงู„ุณู„ุจูŠ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
10:12
So, all of a sudden, here I am, graduating from high school in 1969,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูุฌุฃุฉู‹ุŒ ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฐุงุŒ ุฃุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูŠุง ุนุงู… 1969 ุŒ
10:16
and this happens, and we realize that "away" went away.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซุŒ ูˆู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† "ุจุนูŠุฏุง" ุชู„ูƒ ุฐู‡ุจุช ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹.
10:19
Remember we used to throw things away, and we'd point to away?
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ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุงุนุชุฏู†ุง ุฑู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ุŒ ูˆูƒู†ุง ู†ุดูŠุฑ ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ุŸ
10:23
And yet, NOAA has now shown us, for example --
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุŒNOAA ( ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช ูˆุงู„ุบู„ุงู ) ุชุจูŠู† ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„--
10:25
you see that little blue thing above Hawaii?
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ุฃุชุฑูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดุฆ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุงูˆุงูŠุŸ
10:27
That's the Pacific Gyre.
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ุชู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุฏูˆุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏูŠ.
10:28
It was recently dragged for plankton by scientists,
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ู…ุคุฎุฑุง ู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุจุณุญุจ ุนูˆุงู„ู‚ ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุจุญุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
10:30
and they found six times as much plastic as plankton.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุณุชุฉ ุฃุถุนุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงู„ู‚ ุงู„ุจุญุฑูŠุฉ.
10:34
When asked, they said, "It's kind of like a giant toilet that doesn't flush."
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุณุฆู„ูˆุงุŒ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ" ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูƒู…ุฑุญุงุถ ุถุฎู… ู„ู… ุชุชู… ู†ุธุงูุชู‡."
10:39
Perhaps that's away.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนูŠุฏ.
10:40
So we're looking for the design rules of this --
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ูู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู„ู€ู€ --
10:42
this is the highest biodiversity of trees in the world, Irian Jaya,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชู†ูˆุน ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุฅูŠุฑูŠุงู† ุฌุงูŠุงุŒ
10:44
259 species of tree, and we described this
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ูขูฅูฉ ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฌุงุฑุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆุตูู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง
10:48
in the book, "Cradle to Cradle."
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ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุŒ "ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ."
10:49
The book itself is a polymer. It is not a tree.
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ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู†ูุณู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูƒูˆุซุฑ. ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุดุฌุฑุฉ.
10:53
That's the name of the first chapter -- "This Book is Not a Tree."
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู… ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ -- "ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู„ูŠุณ ุดุฌุฑุฉ".
10:56
Because in poetics, as Margaret Atwood pointed out,
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ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ูู† ุงู„ุดุนุฑุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃุดุงุฑุช ู…ุงุฑุฌุฑูŠุช ุงุชูˆูˆุฏุŒ
10:59
"we write our history on the skin of fish
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"ูƒุชุจู†ุง ุชุฃุฑูŠุฎู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ
11:01
with the blood of bears."
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ุจุฏู… ุงู„ุฏุจุจุฉ."
11:04
And with so much polymer, what we really need
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ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆุซุฑุŒ ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู‹
11:05
is technical nutrition, and to use something
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุดุฆ
11:08
as elegant as a tree -- imagine this design assignment:
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ุฃู†ูŠู‚ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑุฉ--ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู‡ุฐู‡:
11:11
Design something that makes oxygen, sequesters carbon,
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ุตู…ู… ุดูŠุฆุง ูŠุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุณุฌูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุญุจุณ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุŒ
11:13
fixes nitrogen, distills water, accrues solar energy as fuel,
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ูŠุซุจุช ุงู„ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุŒ ูŠู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุŒ ูˆูŠุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุŒ
11:17
makes complex sugars and food, creates microclimates,
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ูŠุตู†ุน ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุทุนุงู…ุŒ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ ู…ู†ุงุฎุงุช ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉุŒ
11:21
changes colors with the seasons and self-replicates.
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ูŠุบูŠุฑ ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ูุตูˆู„ ูˆ ูŠูƒุฑุฑ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจู†ูุณู‡.
11:27
Well, why don't we knock that down and write on it?
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ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ู†ู‚ุชู„ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆ ู†ูƒุชุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
11:29
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
11:35
So, we're looking at the same criteria
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ูู„ุฐุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุจุญุซ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ
11:37
as most people -- you know, can I afford it?
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ูƒู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ-- ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุฃุชุญู…ู„ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
11:39
Does it work? Do I like it?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู†ุฌุญุŸ ู‡ู„ ูŠุนุฌุจู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
11:41
We're adding the Jeffersonian agenda, and I come from Charlottesville,
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ุทุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฌูŠูุฑุณูˆู†ูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุชูŠุช ู…ู† ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุดุงุฑู„ูˆุชุณููŠู„ุŒ
11:43
where I've had the privilege of living in a house designed by Thomas Jefferson.
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ู„ูŠ ุดุฑู ุงู„ุณูƒู† ุจู…ู†ุฒู„ ุตู…ู… ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุชูˆู…ุงุณ ุฌูŠูุฑุณูˆู†.
11:47
We're adding life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุนูŠ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุณุนุงุฏุฉ.
11:53
Now if we look at the word "competition,"
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ู„ูˆ ุชูุญู‘ูŽุตู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉุŒ
11:54
I'm sure most of you've used it.
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู…ูƒู… ู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง.
11:56
You know, most people don't realize it comes from
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ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ู… ูŠู„ุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ู†
11:57
the Latin competere, which means strive together.
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ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠู†ูŠุฉ competare ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฌุชู‡ุฏ ุณูˆูŠุง.
12:00
It means the way Olympic athletes train with each other.
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ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชุฏุฑุจ ุจู‡ุง ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุงุฏ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุจุนุถ.
12:03
They get fit together, and then they compete.
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ูู‡ู… ูŠุณุชุนุฏูˆู† ุณูˆูŠุงู‹ุŒ ุซู… ูŠุชู†ุงูุณูˆู†.
12:06
The Williams sisters compete -- one wins Wimbledon.
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ุชุชู†ุงูุณ ุงู„ุดู‚ูŠู‚ุชุงู† ูˆู„ูŠุงู…ุฒ -- ุชุฑุจุญ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ูˆูŠู…ุจู„ุฏูˆู†.
12:08
So we've been looking at the idea of competition
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ู„ุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุจุญุซ ููŠ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ
12:11
as a way of cooperating in order to get fit together.
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ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑู‡ุง ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุฅุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ุณูˆูŠุงู‹.
12:15
And the Chinese government has now --
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ูุฅู† ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ --
12:16
I work with the Chinese government now --
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ--
12:18
has taken this up.
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน.
12:20
We're also looking at survival of the fittest,
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ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุจุญุซ ุงูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ู„ู„ุฃุตู„ุญ ุŒ
12:22
not in just competition terms in our modern context
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ ููŠ ุณูŠุงู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ
12:24
of destroy the other or beat them to the ground,
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ู…ู† ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ ุทุฑุญู‡ ุฃุฑุถุงู‹ุŒ
12:27
but really to fit together and build niches
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉู‹ ู„ู†ุณุชุนุฏ ุณูˆูŠุงู‹ ูˆู†ุจู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู…ุงุทุงู‹ ุญูŠุงุชูŠุฉ
12:29
and have growth that is good.
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ูˆู†ู†ู…ูˆ ู†ู…ูˆุง ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹.
12:31
Now most environmentalists don't say growth is good,
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ุจุนุถ ุฎุจุฑุงุก ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุฑู‘ุฑูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฌูŠุฏ.
12:33
because, in our lexicon, asphalt is two words: assigning blame.
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ู„ุฃู†ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุนุฌู…ู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุช ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู†: ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู„ูˆู….
12:38
But if we look at asphalt as our growth,
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ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุช ูƒู†ู…ูˆู†ุง ุŒ
12:41
then we realize that all we're doing is destroying
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ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ
12:43
the planetary's fundamental underlying operating system.
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ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.
12:47
So when we see E equals mc squared come along, from a poet's perspective,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฑุจุน ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุŒ ู…ู† ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑ ุดุงุนุฑ ุŒ
12:52
we see energy as physics, chemistry as mass,
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ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูƒููŠุฒูŠุงุก ุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ูƒูƒุชู„ุฉุŒ
12:54
and all of a sudden, you get this biology.
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ูˆูุฌุฃุฉู‹ ุŒ ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก.
12:56
And we have plenty of energy, so we'll solve that problem,
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ูˆู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุŒู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุŒ
12:59
but the biology problem's tricky, because as we put through
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุก ุดุงุฆูƒุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุถุน
13:02
all these toxic materials that we disgorge,
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ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชู‚ูŠุคู‡ุง
13:05
we will never be able to recover that.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฑุฏุงุฏู‡ุง ุฃุจุฏุง .
13:07
And as Francis Crick pointed out, nine years
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุฃุดุงุฑ ูุฑุงู†ุณูŠุณ ูƒุฑูŠูƒุŒ ุชุณุน ุณู†ูˆุงุช
13:09
after discovering DNA with Mr. Watson,
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ุจุนุฏ ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูŠุฏ ูˆุงุชุณูˆู†ุŒ
13:12
that life itself has to have growth as a precondition --
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ุฃู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู„ุงุจุฏู‘ูŽ ูˆุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒุดุฑุทู ู…ุณุจู‚--
13:16
it has to have free energy, sunlight
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ู„ุงุจุฏู‘ูŽ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ุถูˆุก ุดู…ุณ
13:18
and it needs to be an open system of chemicals.
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ูˆุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุธุงู… ู…ูุชูˆุญ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ.
13:21
So we're asking for human artifice to become a living thing,
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ู„ุฐุง ู†ุทุงู„ุจ ุจุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃู† ุชุตุจุญ ุดูŠุฆุง ุญูŠุงู‹ุŒ
13:24
and we want growth, we want free energy from sunlight
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุŒ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุญุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุถูˆุก ุงู„ุดู…ุณ
13:26
and we want an open metabolism for chemicals.
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ูˆู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงุจุงู‹ ู…ูุชูˆุญุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ.
13:29
Then, the question becomes not growth or no growth,
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ุซู… ุŒ ูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ู†ู…ูˆ ุŒ
13:31
but what do you want to grow?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฑูŠุฏู‡ ุฃู† ูŠู†ู…ูˆุŸ
13:34
So instead of just growing destruction,
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ู„ุฐุง ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ ุŒ
13:36
we want to grow the things that we might enjoy,
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ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู†ุณุชู…ุชุน ุจู‡ุงุŒ
13:38
and someday the FDA will allow us to make French cheese.
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ูˆูŠูˆู…ุงู‹ ู…ุง ุณูˆู ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนู‚ุงู‚ูŠุฑ ุจุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฌุจู† ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ.
13:41
So therefore, we have these two metabolisms,
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ุงุฐุงุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงุจุงู†ุŒ
13:45
and I worked with a German chemist, Michael Braungart,
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ุนู…ู„ุช ู…ุน ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุŒ ู…ุงูŠูƒู„ ุจุฑูˆู†ุฌุงุฑุชุŒ
13:47
and we've identified the two fundamental metabolisms.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุนุฑูŠู ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ู„ุงุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠู†.
13:49
The biological one I'm sure you understand,
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ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ูƒู… ุชูู‡ู…ูˆู†ู‡ุŒ
13:51
but also the technical one, where we take materials
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ู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุŒ ุญูŠุซ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
13:53
and put them into closed cycles.
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ูˆู†ุถุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุฏูˆุฑุงุช ุญูŠุงุชูŠุฉ ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ.
13:55
We call them biological nutrition and technical nutrition.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ.
13:58
Technical nutrition will be in an order of magnitude of biological nutrition.
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ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฃูุณุงู‹ ุนุดุฑูŠุงู‹ ู…ู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
14:02
Biological nutrition can supply about 500 million humans,
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ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชู…ูˆู‘ูู† ูฅู ู  ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ
14:05
which means that if we all wore Birkenstocks and cotton,
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ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ูƒู„ู‘ูŽู†ุง ู„ุจุณู†ุง ุฃุญุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูƒู†ุณุชูˆูƒ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุทู†ุŒ
14:07
the world would run out of cork and dry up.
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ุณูŠู†ูุฏ ุงู„ูู„ูŠู† ูˆูŠุฌู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
14:10
So we need materials in closed cycles,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ููŠ ุฏูˆุฑุงุช ู…ุบู„ู‚ุฉ.
14:12
but we need to analyze them down to the parts per million
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ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ู‡ุง ูˆุตูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฒุงุกู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†
14:14
for cancer, birth defects, mutagenic effects,
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ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุชุดูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑุช ุงู„ู…ุทูุฑุฉุŒ
14:17
disruption of our immune systems, biodegradation, persistence,
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ุชุนุทูŠู„ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุชู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุŒ ุงู„ุนู„ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒู…ู†ุฉุŒ
14:20
heavy metal content, knowledge of how we're making them
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ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุตู†ุนู‡ุง
14:23
and their production and so on.
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ูˆุงู†ุชุงุฌู‡ุง ูˆู‡ู„ู… ุฌุฑุง.
14:25
Our first product was a textile where we analyzed 8,000 chemicals
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ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู†ุชุฌ ู„ู†ุง ูƒุงู† ู‚ู…ุงุดุงู‹ ุญูŠุซ ุญู„ู„ู†ุง ูจู ู ู  ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ
14:29
in the textile industry.
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ููŠ ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ.
14:30
Using those intellectual filters, we eliminated [7,962.]
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ูˆุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑูˆุณุฉุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุจุนุงุฏ ูงุŒูฉูฆูข.
14:35
We were left with 38 chemicals.
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ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุง 38 ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ.
14:37
We have since databased the 4000 most commonly used chemicals
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูˆุถุนู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€ูคู ู ู  ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงู‹
14:40
in human manufacturing, and we're releasing this database into the public in six weeks.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุนุŒ ูˆุณูˆู ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู†ุดุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน.
14:45
So designers all over the world can analyze their products
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตู…ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃุฑุฌุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุชู‡ู…
14:47
down to the parts per million for human and ecological health.
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ูˆุตูˆู„ุฃ ุงู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ.
14:52
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚).
14:57
We've developed a protocol so that companies can send
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูˆุถุนู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุชูˆูƒูˆู„ุงู‹ ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุฅุฑุณุงู„
15:00
these same messages all the way through their supply chains,
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ู†ูุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูˆุฑูŠุฏุŒ
15:03
because when we asked most companies we work with -- about a trillion dollars
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุนู‡ุง --ุญูˆุงู„ู‰ ุชุฑูŠู„ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ --
15:06
-- and say, "Where does your stuff come from?" They say, "Suppliers."
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ู‚ุงุฆู„ูŠู† "ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุชุฃุชูŠ ุญุงุฌูŠุงุชูƒู…ุŸ" ุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ุŒ "ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฑุฏูŠู†."
15:08
"And where does it go?"
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"ูˆุฃูŠู† ุชุฐู‡ุจุŸ"
15:10
"Customers."
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"ุงู„ุฒุจุงุฆู†".
15:11
So we need some help there.
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ู„ุฐุง ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
15:12
So the biological nutrients, the first fabrics --
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ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ู…ุงุด--
15:14
the water coming out was clean enough to drink.
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ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ู†ุธูŠู ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ.
15:16
Technical nutrients -- this is for Shaw Carpet, infinitely reusable carpet.
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ--ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุดูˆ ู„ู„ู…ูˆูƒูŠุชุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุงู‹.
15:20
Here's nylon going back to caprolactam back to carpet.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู†ุงูŠู„ูˆู† ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‰ ูƒุงุจุฑูˆู„ุงูƒุชุงู… ุซู… ุงู„ู‰ ู…ูˆูƒูŠุช.
15:23
Biotechnical nutrients -- the Model U for Ford Motor,
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ-- ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ "ูŠูˆ" ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ููˆุฑุฏ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุชุŒ
15:26
a cradle to cradle car -- concept car.
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ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ-- ููƒุฑุฉ ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ.
15:28
Shoes for Nike, where the uppers are polyesters, infinitely recyclable,
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ุญุฐุงุก ู…ู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู†ุงูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠุณุชุฑุŒ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏูˆูŠุฑ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุงู‹ุŒ
15:32
the bottoms are biodegradable soles.
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ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู†ุนุงู„ ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุญู„ู„.
15:35
Wear your old shoes in, your new shoes out.
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ุงุฑุชุฏูŠ ุญุฐุงุกูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุจุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ.
15:37
There is no finish line.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุทุงู‹ ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ.
15:39
The idea here of the car is that some of the materials
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ูˆุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
15:41
go back to the industry forever, some of the materials go back to soil --
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ุชุนูˆุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู„ู„ุฃุจุฏุŒ ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุชุนูˆุฏ ู„ู„ุชุฑุจุฉ--
15:44
it's all solar-powered.
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ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ.
15:46
Here's a building at Oberlin College we designed
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ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุจูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆุจูŠุฑู„ูŠู† ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡
15:48
that makes more energy than it needs to operate and purifies its own water.
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ูู‡ูˆ ูŠุตู†ุน ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ูˆุชู†ู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ู‡.
15:52
Here's a building for The Gap, where the ancient grasses
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ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุจู†ู‰ ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู‚ุงุจ ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุฃุนุดุงุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ
15:54
of San Bruno, California, are on the roof.
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ู„ู€ ุณุงู† ุจุฑูˆู†ูˆุŒ ูƒุงู„ูŠููˆุฑู†ูŠุงุŒ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ.
15:58
And this is our project for Ford Motor Company.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนู†ุง ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ููˆุฑุฏ ู„ู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุชุŒ
16:00
It's the revitalization of the River Rouge in Dearborn.
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ุฅู†ู‘ูŽู‡ ุงุญูŠุงุก ู„ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฑูˆุฌ ููŠ ุฏูŠุฑุจูˆุฑู†.
16:02
This is obviously a color photograph.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ.
16:06
These are our tools. These are how we sold it to Ford.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนุฏุงุชู†ุง. ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ููˆุฑุฏ.
16:10
We saved Ford 35 million dollars doing it this way, day one,
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ูˆูุฑู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฑูƒุฉ ููˆุฑุฏ ูฃูฅ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŒ
16:13
which is the equivalent of the Ford Taurus
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุนุงุฏู„ ููˆุฑุฏ ุชูˆุฑูˆุณ
16:15
at a four percent margin of an order for 900 million dollars worth of cars.
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ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุงู…ุด ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุทู„ุจูŠุฉ ู„ุดุฑุงุก ู…ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ ูฉู ู  ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
16:19
Here it is. It's the world's largest green roof, 10 and a half acres.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ. ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุณู‚ู ุฃุฎุถุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูุฏู†ุฉ ูˆู†ุตู.
16:22
This is the roof, saving money,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณู‚ู ุŒ ูŠูˆูุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ุŒ
16:25
and this is the first species to arrive here. These are killdeer.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ูุตูŠู„ุฉ ุชุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฒู‚ุฒุงู‚.
16:29
They showed up in five days.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุธู‡ุฑุช ููŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูŠุงู….
16:32
And we now have 350-pound auto workers
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูฃูฅู - ุฑุทู„ ู…ู† ุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช
16:34
learning bird songs on the Internet.
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ูŠุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฃุบุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
16:38
We're developing now protocols for cities --
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุถุน ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฑูˆุชูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ู„ู„ู…ุฏู†--
16:40
that's the home of technical nutrients.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุทู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ.
16:42
The country -- the home of biological. And putting them together.
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ุงู„ุฑูŠู-- ุงู„ู…ูˆุทู† ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ. ุซู… ู†ุถุนู‡ู… ุณูˆูŠุงู‹.
16:45
And so I will finish by showing you a new city
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุณูˆู ุฃุฎุชุชู… ุจุฃู† ุฃุนุฑุถ ู„ูƒู… ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
16:47
we're designing for the Chinese government.
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ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ.
16:49
We're doing 12 cities for China right now,
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ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุญุงู„ูŠุงู‹ ุจุนู…ู„ ูกูขู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ
16:52
based on cradle to cradle as templates.
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ุชุฑุชูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุงู„ุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุฌ "ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ".
16:54
Our assignment is to develop protocols for the housing
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ู…ู‡ู…ุชู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุถุน ุจุฑูˆุชูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช ู„ู„ุฅุณูƒุงู†
16:57
for 400 million people in 12 years.
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ู„ู€ ูคู ู  ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุดุฎุต ููŠ ูกูขุนุงู…ุงู‹.
16:59
We did a mass energy balance -- if they use brick,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู…ูˆุงุฒู†ุฉ ุดุงู…ู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ-- ู„ูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุทูˆุจุŒ
17:01
they will lose all their soil and burn all their coal.
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ุณูŠุฎุณุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ูˆูŠุญุฑู‚ูˆู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ู† ูุญู….
17:04
They'll have cities with no energy and no food.
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ุณูˆู ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุฏู† ุจุฏูˆู† ุทุงู‚ุฉ ูˆุจุฏูˆู† ุบุฐุงุก.
17:06
We signed a Memorandum of Understanding --
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ูˆู‚ุนู†ุง ู…ุฐูƒุฑุฉ ุชูุงู‡ู… --
17:08
here's Madam Deng Nan, Deng Xiaoping's daughter --
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ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ุฏู†ุบ ู„ุงู† ุŒ ุงุจู†ุฉ ุฏู†ุบ ุดูŠุงูˆ ุจูŠู†ุบ --
17:10
for China to adopt cradle to cradle.
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ู…ุน ุงู„ุตูŠู† ู„ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ู†ู‡ุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‡ุฏ.
17:12
Because if they toxify themselves, being the lowest-cost producer,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ูˆ ุณู…ู‘ูŽู…ูˆุง ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…ุŒ ู„ูƒูˆู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุชูƒู„ูุฉุŒ
17:16
send it to the lowest-cost distribution -- Wal-Mart --
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ูˆูŠุฑุณู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ูˆุฒุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุชูƒู„ูุฉ-- ูˆูˆู„ ู…ุงุฑุช--
17:18
and then we send them all our money, what we'll discover is that
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู†ุฑุณู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃู…ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุŒ ู…ุง ุณู†ูƒุชุดูู‡ ู‡ูˆ
17:21
we have what, effectively, when I was a student,
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ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุŒูˆุจูƒู„ ูƒูุงุกุฉุŒ ุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุณู…ู‰ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุทุงู„ุจุงู‹ุŒ
17:24
was called mutually assured destruction.
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ู…ุดุงุทุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุฑ.
17:27
Now we do it by molecule. These are our cities.
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ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ุฌูุฒูŠุก. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฏู†ู†ุง.
17:30
We're building a new city next to this city; look at that landscape.
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ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุจู†ุงุก ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ.
17:33
This is the site.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน.
17:35
We don't normally do green fields, but this one is about to be built,
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ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุญู‚ูˆู„ ุฎุถุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกุŒ
17:39
so they brought us in to intercede.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุชูˆุง ุจู†ุง ู„ู„ุชูˆุณุท.
17:41
This is their plan.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฎุฑูŠุทุชู‡ู….
17:43
It's a rubber stamp grid that they laid right on that landscape.
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ุฅู†ู‘ู‹ู‡ุง ุดุจูƒุฉ ุจุฎุชู… ู…ุทุงุทูŠ ูˆุถุนูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุทุงุก ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนู‰.
17:46
And they brought us in and said, "What would you do?"
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ูˆุฃุชูˆุง ุจู†ุง ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ "ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชูุนู„ูˆู†ุŸ"
17:49
This is what they would end up with, which is another color photograph.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณูŠู†ุชู‡ูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููˆุชูˆุบุฑุงููŠุฉ ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
17:53
So this is the existing site, so this is what it looks like now,
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ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุŒ
17:56
and here's our proposal.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ู‚ุชุฑุญู†ุง.
17:58
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚).
18:02
So the way we approached this
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุงู„ู†ู‡ุฌ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุชุจุนู†ุงู‡
18:04
is we studied the hydrology very carefully.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุจุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ูุงุฆู‚ุฉ.
18:06
We studied the biota, the ancient biota,
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ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุŒ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุŒ
18:08
the current farming and the protocols.
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ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆูƒูˆู„ุงุช.
18:10
We studied the winds and the sun to make sure everybody in the city
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ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ูˆุงู„ุดู…ุณ ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
18:12
will have fresh air, fresh water and direct sunlight
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ุณูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆุงุก ู†ู‚ูŠุŒ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุนุฐุจุฉ ูˆุถูˆุก ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุดุฑ
18:18
in every single apartment at some point during the day.
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ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดู‚ุฉ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
18:21
We then take the parks and lay them out as ecological infrastructure.
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุญุฏุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆู†ุถุนู‡ุง ูƒุจู†ูŠุฉ ุชุญุชูŠู‘ุฉ ุจูŠุฆูŠู‘ุฉ.
18:25
We lay out the building areas.
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ุซู… ู†ุญุฏุฏ ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ.
18:28
We start to integrate commercial and mixed use
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ุซู… ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุฏู…ุฌ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุฐุงุช ุงู„ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ุท
18:29
so the people all have centers and places to be.
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุชูˆูุฑ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ูˆ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุนุงู…ุฉ.
18:32
The transportation is all very simple,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุงุช ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
18:34
everybody's within a five-minute walk of mobility.
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ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุณูŠุฑุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฏุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„.
18:37
We have a 24-hour street, so that there's always a place that's alive.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุดูˆุงุฑุน ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ูขูค ุณุงุนุฉ ุŒ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุธู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ูƒุงู† ุญูŠ.
18:42
The waste systems all connect.
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ู†ุธู… ุงู„ู†ูุงูŠุงุช ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ .
18:44
If you flush a toilet, your feces will go to the sewage treatment plants,
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ุฅุฐุง ุฏูู‚ุช ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุญุงุถ ุŒ ุณูˆู ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุฒ ู„ู…ุญุทุงุช ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ.
18:49
which are sold as assets, not liabilities.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุจุงุน ูƒุฃุตูˆู„ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ูƒุฃุนุจุงุก.
18:51
Because who wants the fertilizer factory that makes natural gas?
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุŒ ู…ู† ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุบุงุฒุงู‹ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุงู‹ุŸ
18:55
The waters are all taken in to construct the wetlands for habitat restorations.
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ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุฑุทุจุฉ ู„ุชุฃู‡ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูƒู†.
19:00
And then it makes natural gas, which then goes back into the city
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู…ู‘ูŽ ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู‘ูู† ุบุงุฒุงู‹ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุงู‹ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุฏูˆุฑู‡ ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
19:04
to power the fuel for the cooking for the city.
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ู„ุฅู…ุฏุงุฏู‡ุง ุจูˆู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุทุจุฎ.
19:08
So this is -- these are fertilizer gas plants.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง-- ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุตุงู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ.
19:10
And then the compost is all taken back
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ูˆู…ู† ุซู…ู‘ ุชูุนุงุฏ ูƒู„ู‘ู ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุฏุฉ
19:13
to the roofs of the city, where we've got farming,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณู‚ู ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ ุŒ
19:15
because what we've done is lifted up the city,
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ู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ูุนู„ู†ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฑูุนู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุŒ
19:19
the landscape, into the air to -- to restore the native landscape
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ุงู„ุบุทุงุก ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠ ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู„ู€ -- ู„ุฅุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุบุทุงุก ุงู„ู†ุจุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ
19:26
on the roofs of the buildings.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุจุงู†ูŠ.
19:28
The solar power of all the factory centers
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ูˆุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณูŠุฉ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน
19:31
and all the industrial zones with their light roofs powers the city.
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ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุจุฃุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎููŠูุฉ ุชู…ุฏู‘ู ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ.
19:34
And this is the concept for the top of the city.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ.
19:36
We've lifted the earth up onto the roofs.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑููุนุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทูˆุญ.
19:40
The farmers have little bridges to get from one roof to the next.
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ูˆูˆููุฑุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฌุณูˆุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูŠู† ู„ุนุจูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุณู‚ู ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ.
19:44
We inhabit the city with work/live space on all the ground floors.
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ุฃุณูƒู†ู‘ุง ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุจูˆุถุน ู…ุณุงุญุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุทูˆุงุจู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉ.
19:48
And so this is the existing city, and this is the new city.
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุฅู†ู‘ูŽ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
19:53
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚).
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7