Cradle to cradle design | William McDonough

304,907 views ใƒป 2007-05-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Tal'or Cohen ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:26
In 1962, with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring,"
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1962, ืขื ืกืคืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืงืจืกื•ืŸ - "ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืžื".
00:30
I think for people like me in the world of the making of things,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
00:35
the canary in the mine wasn't singing.
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ื”ืงื ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื” ืœื ืฉืจื”.
00:39
And so the question that we might not have birds
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
00:42
became kind of fundamental to those of us wandering around
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืœืืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘
00:45
looking for the meadowlarks that seemed to have all disappeared.
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ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืขืœืžื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:48
And the question was, were the birds singing?
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื”ืื ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืช?
00:51
Now, I'm not a scientist, that'll be really clear.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ืขืŸ, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
00:55
But, you know, we've just come from this discussion of what a bird might be.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
00:59
What is a bird?
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ืžื”ื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ?
01:00
Well, in my world, this is a rubber duck.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื™, ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื– ืžื’ื•ืžื™.
01:04
It comes in California with a warning --
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ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืื–ื”ืจื”:
01:06
"This product contains chemicals known by the State of California
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" ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”
01:09
to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm."
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ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ืื• ืœืžื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืœื“ื™ื ืื• ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืจื•ืช."
01:16
This is a bird.
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ื–ืืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ.
01:19
What kind of culture would produce a product of this kind
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื›ื–ื”
01:22
and then label it and sell it to children?
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ื•ืื– ืชืชื™ื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืชืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื?
01:27
I think we have a design problem.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
01:30
Someone heard the six hours of talk that I gave
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ืช ืฉืฉ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื ืชืชื™
01:35
called "The Monticello Dialogues" on NPR, and sent me this as a thank you note --
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœ"ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืกืœื•" ื‘NRP ื•ืฉืœื— ืœื™ ืืช ืคืชืง ื”ืชื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื”:
01:41
"We realize that design is a signal of intention,
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"ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื”,
01:43
but it also has to occur within a world,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื,
01:46
and we have to understand that world in order to
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™
01:50
imbue our designs with inherent intelligence,
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ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื ื•,
01:53
and so as we look back at the basic state of affairs
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื
01:58
in which we design, we, in a way, need to go to the primordial condition
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ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชื™
02:03
to understand the operating system and the frame conditions of a planet,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:08
and I think the exciting part of that is the good news that's there,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจืชืง ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืฉื,
02:13
because the news is the news of abundance,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข,
02:16
and not the news of limits,
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ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช,
02:18
and I think as our culture tortures itself now
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
02:23
with tyrannies and concerns over limits and fear,
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ืขื ืจื•ื“ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื“,
02:28
we can add this other dimension of abundance that is coherent,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงื‘ื™
02:33
driven by the sun, and start to imagine
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ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
02:35
what that would be like to share."
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง"
02:42
That was a nice thing to get.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ.
02:44
That was one sentence.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“.
02:48
Henry James would be proud.
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ื”ื ืจื™ ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืื”.
02:50
This is -- I put it down at the bottom,
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ื–ื” - ืื ื™ ืฉื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
02:52
but that was extemporaneous, obviously.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ืžืื•ืœืชืจ.
02:55
The fundamental issue is that, for me,
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ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
02:58
design is the first signal of human intentions.
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
03:00
So what are our intentions, and what would our intentions be --
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื•
03:04
if we wake up in the morning, we have designs on the world --
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ืื ื ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื™ืฉื ื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
03:07
well, what would our intention be as a species
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ืŸ
03:09
now that we're the dominant species?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜?
03:11
And it's not just stewardship and dominion debate,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช,
03:14
because really, dominion is implicit in stewardship --
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืช , ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžื ื™ื”ื•ืœ,
03:20
because how could you dominate something you had killed?
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืจื’ืช?
03:22
And stewardship's implicit in dominion,
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ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช,
03:24
because you can't be steward of something if you can't dominate it.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•.
03:26
So the question is, what is the first question for designers?
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื?
03:32
Now, as guardians -- let's say the state, for example,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื ื ื™ื,ื‘ื•ื ื ื’ื™ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ,
03:35
which reserves the right to kill, the right to be duplicitous and so on --
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ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื’, ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ื›ื•'
03:40
the question we're asking the guardian at this point is
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื
03:43
are we meant, how are we meant,
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื,
03:45
to secure local societies, create world peace
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ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืขื•ืœืžื™
03:47
and save the environment?
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ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”?
03:49
But I don't know that that's the common debate.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื–ื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
03:52
Commerce, on the other hand, is relatively quick,
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ืžืกื—ืจ, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช.
03:56
essentially creative, highly effective and efficient,
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ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™, ืžืื•ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
03:58
and fundamentally honest, because we can't exchange
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ื›ื ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื—ื•ืจ
04:01
value for very long if we don't trust each other.
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ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืื ืœื ื ืกืžื•ืš ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:05
So we use the tools of commerce primarily for our work,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
04:07
but the question we bring to it is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื,
04:09
how do we love all the children of all species for all time?
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ืื™ืš ื ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ?
04:13
And so we start our designs with that question.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช.
04:16
Because what we realize today is that modern culture
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื™ืช
04:18
appears to have adopted a strategy of tragedy.
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ื›ืš ืžืชืกืชืžืŸ, ืื™ืžืฆื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”.
04:21
If we come here and say, "Well, I didn't intend
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•
04:23
to cause global warming on the way here,"
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื›ืืŸ,"
04:24
and we say, "That's not part of my plan,"
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื–ื” ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™,"
04:26
then we realize it's part of our de facto plan.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
04:29
Because it's the thing that's happening because we have no other plan.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช.
04:32
And I was at the White House for President Bush,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื•ืฉ,
04:34
meeting with every federal department and agency,
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ื ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœืงื” ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช,
04:36
and I pointed out that they appear to have no plan.
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ื•ืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
04:40
If the end game is global warming, they're doing great.
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ืื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง (ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื—ืžื˜) ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ื”ื ืžืชื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ.
04:42
If the end game is mercury toxification of our children
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ืื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืจืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
04:45
downwind of coal fire plants as they scuttled the Clean Air Act,
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ืื ื”ืจื•ื— ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืข"ื™ ืคื—ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ื—ืคื–ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื ืงื™,
04:48
then I see that our education programs should be explicitly defined as,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื›:
04:52
"Brain death for all children. No child left behind."
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"ืžื•ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืืฃ ื™ืœื“ ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจ"
04:54
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:58
So, the question is, how many federal officials
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ืื–, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื” ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ
05:02
are ready to move to Ohio and Pennsylvania with their families?
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื•ื”ื™ื• ื•ืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื?
05:05
So if you don't have an endgame of something delightful,
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ืื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืœื‘ื‘,
05:09
then you're just moving chess pieces around,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžื–ื™ื–ื™ื ืกืชื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฉื—ืžื˜,
05:11
if you don't know you're taking the king.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžืœืš.
05:12
So perhaps we could develop a strategy of change,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
05:15
which requires humility. And in my business as an architect,
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ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜,
05:18
it's unfortunate the word "humility" and the word "architect"
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ื–ื” ืžืฆืขืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜,
05:22
have not appeared in the same paragraph since "The Fountainhead."
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ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืคืกืงื” ืžืื– (ื”ืกืคืจ) "ื›ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ".
05:25
So if anybody here has trouble with the concept of design humility,
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ืื– ืื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฆื ื•ืข,
05:30
reflect on this -- it took us 5,000 years
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืœืงื— ืœื ื• 5,000 ืฉื ื™ื,
05:33
to put wheels on our luggage.
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ืœืฉื™ื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืœืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:37
So, as Kevin Kelly pointed out, there is no endgame.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ ืกื•ืคื™ ืœืžืฉื—ืง.
05:42
There is an infinite game, and we're playing in that infinite game.
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ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื–ื”.
05:46
And so we call it "cradle to cradle,"
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ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืœื–ื” "ืžืขืจื™ืกื” ืœืขืจื™ืกื”",
05:48
and our goal is very simple.
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
05:49
This is what I presented to the White House.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืœ"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ".
05:51
Our goal is a delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world,
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ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืœื‘ื‘, ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฆื•ื“ืง,
05:54
with clean air, clean water, soil and power --
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ืขื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ืงื™, ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื, ืื“ืžื” ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
05:57
economically, equitably, ecologically and elegantly enjoyed, period.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ื“ืง, ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ , ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ืžื”ื ื”, ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
06:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:04
What don't you like about this?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”?
06:07
Which part of this don't you like?
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ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ื–ื” ืืชื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื?
06:09
So we realized we want full diversity,
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ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื‘,
06:11
even though it can be difficult to remember what De Gaulle said
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ืืžืจ ื“ื” ื’ื•ืœ
06:14
when asked what it was like to be President of France.
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ื›ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจืคืช.
06:16
He said, "What do you think it's like trying to run a country with 400 kinds of cheese?"
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, " ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื 400 ืกื•ื’ื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”?"
06:20
But at the same time, we realize that our products are not safe and healthy.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.
06:23
So we've designed products
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ืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
06:25
and we analyzed chemicals down to the parts per million.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืขื“ ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ.
06:27
This is a baby blanket by Pendleton that will give your child nutrition
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ื–ืืช ืฉืžื™ื›ื” ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื” ืข"ื™ ืคื ื“ืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ื›ื ืชื–ื•ื ื”
06:30
instead of Alzheimer's later in life.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•.
06:32
We can ask ourselves, what is justice,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•, ืžื”ื• ืฆื“ืง,
06:34
and is justice blind, or is justice blindness?
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ื•ื”ืื ื”ืฆื“ืง ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ, ืื• ื”ืื ืžืขื•ื•ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ืง?
06:38
And at what point did that uniform turn from white to black?
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืคื›ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืœื‘ื ื™ื ืœืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื?
06:43
Water has been declared a human right by the United Nations.
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ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื›ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช.
06:46
Air quality is an obvious thing to anyone who breathes.
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืฉื.
06:48
Is there anybody here who doesn't breathe?
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ื™ืฉ ืคื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื ื•ืฉื?
06:51
Clean soil is a critical problem -- the nitrification, the dead zones
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ืื“ืžื” ื ืงื™ื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืžืจืช ื—ื ืงืŸ, ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื
06:54
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
06:56
A fundamental issue that's not being addressed.
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ื ื•ืฉื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื•.
06:58
We've seen the first form of solar energy
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช,
07:00
that's beat the hegemony of fossil fuels in the form of wind
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ืืฉืจ ืžื ืฆื—ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืจื•ื—
07:03
here in the Great Plains, and so that hegemony is leaving.
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ืคื” ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช.
07:06
And if we remember Sheikh Yamani when he formed OPEC,
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ืื ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื™ื—' ื™ืžื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื™ื ืืช OPEC (ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืื•ืช ื“ืœืงื™ื)
07:09
they asked him, "When will we see the end of the age of oil?"
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ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืœ, "ืžืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืืช ืกื•ืฃ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืคื˜?"
07:12
I don't know if you remember his answer, but it was,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืืชื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”,
07:15
"The Stone Age didn't end because we ran out of stones."
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"ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืœื ื ื’ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืื–ืœื• ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื."
07:19
We see that companies acting ethically in this world
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:23
are outperforming those that don't.
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ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœื• ืฉืœื.
07:24
We see the flows of materials in a rather terrifying prospect.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื”.
07:29
This is a hospital monitor from Los Angeles, sent to China.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืœืกื™ืŸ.
07:32
This woman will expose herself to toxic phosphorous,
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ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœื–ืจื—ืŸ ืจืขื™ืœ,
07:35
release four pounds of toxic lead into her childrens' environment,
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ืชืฉื—ืจืจ ืฉืชื™ ืงื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืคืจืช ืจืขื™ืœื” ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”,
07:38
which is from copper.
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ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžื ื—ื•ืฉืช.
07:40
On the other hand, we see great signs of hope.
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ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
07:42
Here's Dr. Venkataswamy in India, who's figured out
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ื”ื ื” ื“"ืจ ื•ื ืงื˜ืกื•ื•ืืžื™ ืžื”ื•ื“ื•, ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
07:45
how to do mass-produced health.
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ืื™ืš ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช.
07:47
He has given eyesight to two million people for free.
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื.
07:51
We see in our material flows that car steels don't become car steel again
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื‘ืจื–ืœ
07:54
because of the contaminants of the coatings --
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ
07:56
bismuth, antimony, copper and so on.
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ื‘ื™ืกืžื•ืช (ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืชื›ืชื™), ืื ื˜ืžื•ืŸ (ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจืขื™ืœ), ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื•ื›ื•'
07:58
They become building steel.
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ื”ื ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”.
07:59
On the other hand, we're working with Berkshire Hathaway,
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ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจืงืฉื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื•ืื™,
08:01
Warren Buffett and Shaw Carpet,
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ื•ื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืืคื˜ ื•ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ ืฉืื•,
08:04
the largest carpet company in the world.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:05
We've developed a carpet that is continuously recyclable,
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ืคืชื—ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืžื—ื–ืจื• ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”,
08:08
down to the parts per million.
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ืขื“ ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ.
08:11
The upper is Nylon 6 that can go back to caprolactam,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ 6 ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจืงื• ืœืงืคืœื•ื˜ื (ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช)
08:14
the bottom, a polyolephine -- infinitely recyclable thermoplastic.
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ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืชืจืžื•ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™.
08:17
Now if I was a bird, the building on my left is a liability.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืžืกื”.
08:21
The building on my right, which is our corporate campus for The Gap
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ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื™, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื’ืืค ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื•
08:24
with an ancient meadow, is an asset -- its nesting grounds.
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ืขื ื”ืžืจืขื” ื”ืขืชื™ืง, ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืก, ื–ื”ื• ืื–ื•ืจ ืงื™ื ื•ืŸ.
08:29
Here's where I come from. I grew up in Hong Kong,
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ืžืคื” ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข. ืื ื™ ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ ืงื•ื ื’.
08:31
with six million people in 40 square miles.
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ืขื ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘64 ืง"ืž ืžืจื•ื‘ืข.
08:33
During the dry season, we had four hours of water every fourth day.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”, ื”ื™ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™.
08:37
And the relationship to landscape was that of farmers who have been
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ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื—ืงืœืื™ื
08:40
farming the same piece of ground for 40 centuries.
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ืฉืขื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืคื™ืกืช ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 4000 ืฉื ื™ื.
08:44
You can't farm the same piece of ground for 40 centuries
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ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืคื™ืกืช ืื“ืžื” ืœืžืฉืš 4000 ืฉื ื™ื
08:46
without understanding nutrient flow.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ืฉืœื”.
08:49
My childhood summers were in the Puget Sound of Washington,
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ื™ืžื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืคื’ื˜ ืกืื•ื ื“ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ,
08:52
among the first growth and big growth.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
08:54
My grandfather had been a lumberjack in the Olympics,
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ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื˜ื‘ ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื,
08:56
so I have a lot of tree karma I am working off.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื ื”.
09:01
I went to Yale for graduate school,
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ื™ืœ ืœืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™,
09:03
studied in a building of this style by Le Corbusier,
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ ืœื” ืงื•ืจื‘ื•ื–ื™ื”,
09:05
affectionately known in our business as Brutalism.
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ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืืœื™ื–ื.
09:09
If we look at the world of architecture,
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ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
09:12
we see with Mies' 1928 tower for Berlin,
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ื ืจืื” ืขื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืก ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ื‘1928,
09:15
the question might be, "Well, where's the sun?"
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืคื” ื”ืฉืžืฉ?"
09:17
And this might have worked in Berlin, but we built it in Houston,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
09:20
and the windows are all closed. And with most products
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื
09:23
appearing not to have been designed for indoor use,
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ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืชื™,
09:25
this is actually a vertical gas chamber.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืชื ื’ื–ื™ื ืื ื›ื™.
09:28
When I went to Yale, we had the first energy crisis,
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ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ื™ืœ, ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
09:31
and I was designing the first solar-heated house in Ireland
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื™ืฆื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื•ืžื ืข"ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืจืœื ื“
09:33
as a student, which I then built --
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ื›ืชืœืžื™ื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืื–
09:35
which would give you a sense of my ambition.
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
09:37
And Richard Meier, who was one of my teachers,
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ื•ืจื™ืฆ'ืืจื“ ืžื™ื™ืจืก ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
09:39
kept coming over to my desk to give me criticism,
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช,
09:41
and he would say, "Bill, you've got to understand- --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ, " ื‘ื™ืœ, ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
09:43
solar energy has nothing to do with architecture."
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ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”."
09:51
I guess he didn't read Vitruvius.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืงืจื ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ืก.
09:53
In 1984, we did the first so-called "green office" in America
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1984, ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื" ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
09:57
for Environmental Defense.
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ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
09:58
We started asking manufacturers what were in their materials.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
10:01
They said, "They're proprietary, they're legal, go away."
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื”ื ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื”ื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื, ืœื›ื• ืžืคื”."
10:03
The only indoor quality work done in this country at that time
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ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ
10:05
was sponsored by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืžื•ืžื ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืง ืฉืœ ืจ.ื’' ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ืก,
10:08
and it was to prove there was no danger
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื›ื ื”
10:09
from secondhand smoke in the workplace.
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ื‘ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
10:12
So, all of a sudden, here I am, graduating from high school in 1969,
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ืื–, ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ื ื” ืื ื™, ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1969,
10:16
and this happens, and we realize that "away" went away.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉ"ืœืื™ืคืฉื”ื•" ื”ืœืš ืœืื™ืคืฉื”ื•.
10:19
Remember we used to throw things away, and we'd point to away?
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืคืฉื”ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืœืื™ืคืฉื”ื•?
10:23
And yet, NOAA has now shown us, for example --
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ืœืื•ืงื™ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื” ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื
10:25
you see that little blue thing above Hawaii?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืื™?
10:27
That's the Pacific Gyre.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
10:28
It was recently dragged for plankton by scientists,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื’ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื,
10:30
and they found six times as much plastic as plankton.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืคื™ 6 ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืžืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ.
10:34
When asked, they said, "It's kind of like a giant toilet that doesn't flush."
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืฉืืœื•, ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื".
10:39
Perhaps that's away.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœืื™ืคืฉื”ื•.
10:40
So we're looking for the design rules of this --
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ื”
10:42
this is the highest biodiversity of trees in the world, Irian Jaya,
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืจื™ืืŸ ื’'ืื™ื”,
10:44
259 species of tree, and we described this
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259 ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
10:48
in the book, "Cradle to Cradle."
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ื‘ืกืคืจ, "ืžืขืจื™ืกื” ืœืขืจื™ืกื”".
10:49
The book itself is a polymer. It is not a tree.
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ื”ืกืคืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืžืจ. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืขืฅ.
10:53
That's the name of the first chapter -- "This Book is Not a Tree."
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - "ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขืฅ".
10:56
Because in poetics, as Margaret Atwood pointed out,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืžืจื’ืจื˜ ืื˜ื•ื•ื“,
10:59
"we write our history on the skin of fish
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื
11:01
with the blood of bears."
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ืขื ื“ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื.
11:04
And with so much polymer, what we really need
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ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืœื™ืžืจ, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
11:05
is technical nutrition, and to use something
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•
11:08
as elegant as a tree -- imagine this design assignment:
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ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื›ืžื• ืขืฅ, ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘:
11:11
Design something that makes oxygen, sequesters carbon,
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ืขืฆื‘ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืคื—ืžืŸ,
11:13
fixes nitrogen, distills water, accrues solar energy as fuel,
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ืžืงื‘ืข ื—ื ืงืŸ, ืžื–ืงืง ืžื™ื, ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื“ืœืง,
11:17
makes complex sugars and food, creates microclimates,
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ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืืงืœื™ื,
11:21
changes colors with the seasons and self-replicates.
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ืžืฉื ื” ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
11:27
Well, why don't we knock that down and write on it?
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื›ืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•?
11:29
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:35
So, we're looking at the same criteria
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืืžืช ืžื™ื“ื”
11:37
as most people -- you know, can I afford it?
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ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ืื ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื”?
11:39
Does it work? Do I like it?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“? ื”ืื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”?
11:41
We're adding the Jeffersonian agenda, and I come from Charlottesville,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื’'ืคืจืกื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืฉืจืœื•ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืœ,
11:43
where I've had the privilege of living in a house designed by Thomas Jefferson.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ ืข"ื™ ืชื•ืžืก ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ.
11:47
We're adding life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืฉืจ.
11:53
Now if we look at the word "competition,"
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืชื—ืจื•ืช,
11:54
I'm sure most of you've used it.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื ื‘ื”.
11:56
You know, most people don't realize it comes from
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื
11:57
the Latin competere, which means strive together.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช competre, ืฉืคืจื•ืฉื” ืœ"ืฉืื•ืฃ (ืœืžื˜ืจื”) ื‘ื™ื—ื“".
12:00
It means the way Olympic athletes train with each other.
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืืชืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืคื™ื“ื™ื” ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
12:03
They get fit together, and then they compete.
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ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื›ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื.
12:06
The Williams sisters compete -- one wins Wimbledon.
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ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช, ืจืง ืื—ืช ืžื ืฆื—ืช ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืžื‘ืœื“ื•ืŸ.
12:08
So we've been looking at the idea of competition
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช
12:11
as a way of cooperating in order to get fit together.
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ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
12:15
And the Chinese government has now --
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช,
12:16
I work with the Chinese government now --
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
12:18
has taken this up.
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ืื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
12:20
We're also looking at survival of the fittest,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื.
12:22
not in just competition terms in our modern context
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ืœื ืจืง ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™
12:24
of destroy the other or beat them to the ground,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจ ืื• ื”ื‘ืกื” ืขื“ ืขืคืจ,
12:27
but really to fit together and build niches
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื”
12:29
and have growth that is good.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
12:31
Now most environmentalists don't say growth is good,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
12:33
because, in our lexicon, asphalt is two words: assigning blame.
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ืžืคื ื™, ืฉื‘ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืืกืคืœื˜ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืžืกืžื ืช ืืฉืžื”.
12:38
But if we look at asphalt as our growth,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืืกืคืœื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
12:41
then we realize that all we're doing is destroying
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ืื– ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก
12:43
the planetary's fundamental underlying operating system.
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ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”.
12:47
So when we see E equals mc squared come along, from a poet's perspective,
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ืื– ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช E=mc2 ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ, ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ,
12:52
we see energy as physics, chemistry as mass,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื, ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืžืกื”,
12:54
and all of a sudden, you get this biology.
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ื•ืœืคืชืข, ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
12:56
And we have plenty of energy, so we'll solve that problem,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
12:59
but the biology problem's tricky, because as we put through
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ืืช
13:02
all these toxic materials that we disgorge,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื,
13:05
we will never be able to recover that.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื ืžื”ื.
13:07
And as Francis Crick pointed out, nine years
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคืจื ืกื™ืก ืงืจื™ืง ืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื
13:09
after discovering DNA with Mr. Watson,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”DNA ืขื ืžืจ ื•ื•ื˜ืกื•ืŸ,
13:12
that life itself has to have growth as a precondition --
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ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื›ืชื ืื™ ืžืงื“ื™ื
13:16
it has to have free energy, sunlight
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
13:18
and it needs to be an open system of chemicals.
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ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื.
13:21
So we're asking for human artifice to become a living thing,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™,
13:24
and we want growth, we want free energy from sunlight
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืžืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
13:26
and we want an open metabolism for chemicals.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื–ื ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื.
13:29
Then, the question becomes not growth or no growth,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืื• ืœืœื ื’ื“ื™ืœื”,
13:31
but what do you want to grow?
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ืืœื ืžื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ื“ืœ?
13:34
So instead of just growing destruction,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืœื’ื“ืœ ื”ืจืก,
13:36
we want to grow the things that we might enjoy,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื,
13:38
and someday the FDA will allow us to make French cheese.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืชืืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช.
13:41
So therefore, we have these two metabolisms,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื ื”,
13:45
and I worked with a German chemist, Michael Braungart,
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ืขื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื›ื™ืžืื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™, ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืจืื•ื ื’ืจื˜,
13:47
and we've identified the two fundamental metabolisms.
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ื•ื–ื™ื”ื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช.
13:49
The biological one I'm sure you understand,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืื•ืชื” ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื,
13:51
but also the technical one, where we take materials
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
13:53
and put them into closed cycles.
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ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืš ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื (ืฉืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ).
13:55
We call them biological nutrition and technical nutrition.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ื–ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช.
13:58
Technical nutrition will be in an order of magnitude of biological nutrition.
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ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืชื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
14:02
Biological nutrition can supply about 500 million humans,
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ื”ื–ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ื›500 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
14:05
which means that if we all wore Birkenstocks and cotton,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืœื‘ืฉ ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืจืงื ืฉื˜ื•ืง ื•ื›ื•ืชื ื”,
14:07
the world would run out of cork and dry up.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื’ืžืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืขื ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ.
14:10
So we need materials in closed cycles,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื,
14:12
but we need to analyze them down to the parts per million
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืชื— ืื•ืชื ืขื“ ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ
14:14
for cancer, birth defects, mutagenic effects,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืžื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ื’ืŸ,
14:17
disruption of our immune systems, biodegradation, persistence,
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ื”ืจื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื”ืชืขืงืฉื•ืช,
14:20
heavy metal content, knowledge of how we're making them
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ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืชื
14:23
and their production and so on.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”.
14:25
Our first product was a textile where we analyzed 8,000 chemicals
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืืจื™ื’ ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชื—ื ื• 8,000 ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื
14:29
in the textile industry.
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ.
14:30
Using those intellectual filters, we eliminated [7,962.]
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกื ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืคืกืœื ื• 7,962.
14:35
We were left with 38 chemicals.
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ื ืฉืืจื ื• ืขื 38 ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื.
14:37
We have since databased the 4000 most commonly used chemicals
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ืžืื– ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœ 4000 ื”ื›ื™ืžืงืœื™ื ื”ืฉืžื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
14:40
in human manufacturing, and we're releasing this database into the public in six weeks.
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ 6 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
14:45
So designers all over the world can analyze their products
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ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
14:47
down to the parts per million for human and ecological health.
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ืขื“ ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
14:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:57
We've developed a protocol so that companies can send
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืชืงื ื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื—
15:00
these same messages all the way through their supply chains,
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ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
15:03
because when we asked most companies we work with -- about a trillion dollars
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืฉืืœื ื• ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชืŸ - ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื-
15:06
-- and say, "Where does your stuff come from?" They say, "Suppliers."
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ื•ืืžืจื ื•, "ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื?" ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ืžื”ืกืคืงื™ื".
15:08
"And where does it go?"
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"ื•ืœืื™ืคื” ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื?"
15:10
"Customers."
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"ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช".
15:11
So we need some help there.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื–ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉื.
15:12
So the biological nutrients, the first fabrics --
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ืื– ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
15:14
the water coming out was clean enough to drink.
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ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ืงื™ื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”.
15:16
Technical nutrients -- this is for Shaw Carpet, infinitely reusable carpet.
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ื”ื–ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช- ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ ืฉืื•, ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™.
15:20
Here's nylon going back to caprolactam back to carpet.
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ื”ื ื” ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืคืœื•ื˜ื (ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช) ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ื—.
15:23
Biotechnical nutrients -- the Model U for Ford Motor,
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ื”ื–ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช- ืžื•ื“ืœ U ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืคื•ืจื“,
15:26
a cradle to cradle car -- concept car.
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืขืจื™ืกื” ืœืขืจื™ืกื”- ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜.
15:28
Shoes for Nike, where the uppers are polyesters, infinitely recyclable,
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ื ืขืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ื™ืงื™, ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืืกื˜ืจ, ื‘ืขืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™,
15:32
the bottoms are biodegradable soles.
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ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ื” ืฉืžืชื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
15:35
Wear your old shoes in, your new shoes out.
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ืฉื—ืง ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ืœื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
15:37
There is no finish line.
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ืื™ืŸ ืงื• ืกื™ื•ื.
15:39
The idea here of the car is that some of the materials
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
15:41
go back to the industry forever, some of the materials go back to soil --
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื”, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”
15:44
it's all solar-powered.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื ืข ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช.
15:46
Here's a building at Oberlin College we designed
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ื”ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœืช ืื•ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื•
15:48
that makes more energy than it needs to operate and purifies its own water.
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืคืขื•ืœื• ื•ืžื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื•.
15:52
Here's a building for The Gap, where the ancient grasses
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ื”ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื’ืืค, ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ืฉืื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื
15:54
of San Bruno, California, are on the roof.
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ืฉืœ ืกืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื ื•, ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื”ื ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
15:58
And this is our project for Ford Motor Company.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืคื•ืจื“,
16:00
It's the revitalization of the River Rouge in Dearborn.
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ื”ืคื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื”ืจื•ื–' ื‘ื“ื™ืจื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
16:02
This is obviously a color photograph.
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ื–ืืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืชืžื•ื ืช ืฆื‘ืข.
16:06
These are our tools. These are how we sold it to Ford.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื›ื›ื” ืžื›ืจื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคื•ืจื“.
16:10
We saved Ford 35 million dollars doing it this way, day one,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื•, ื—ืกื›ื ื• ืœืคื•ืจื“ 35 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
16:13
which is the equivalent of the Ford Taurus
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ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ื‘ื“ื’ื ืคื•ืจื“ ื˜ืืื•ืจื•ืก
16:15
at a four percent margin of an order for 900 million dollars worth of cars.
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ืœ4% ืžื”ื–ืžื ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 900 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
16:19
Here it is. It's the world's largest green roof, 10 and a half acres.
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ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ. ื”ื’ื’ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, 42 ื“ื•ื ื.
16:22
This is the roof, saving money,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื’ื’, ืฉื—ื•ืกืš ื›ืกืฃ,
16:25
and this is the first species to arrive here. These are killdeer.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืืŸ. ืืœื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืคืžื™ ื›ืคื•ืœ-ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•ืŸ.
16:29
They showed up in five days.
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืื—ืจื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื.
16:32
And we now have 350-pound auto workers
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืงืœื™ื 130 ืงื™ืœื•
16:34
learning bird songs on the Internet.
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ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
16:38
We're developing now protocols for cities --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืชืงื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืจื™ื
16:40
that's the home of technical nutrients.
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื ืœื”ื–ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช.
16:42
The country -- the home of biological. And putting them together.
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ื”ืืจืฅ - ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“.
16:45
And so I will finish by showing you a new city
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ืื ื™ ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื”
16:47
we're designing for the Chinese government.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืกื™ืŸ.
16:49
We're doing 12 cities for China right now,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื 12 ืขืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื™ืŸ,
16:52
based on cradle to cradle as templates.
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืขืจื™ืกื” ืœืขืจื™ืกื”.
16:54
Our assignment is to develop protocols for the housing
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืชืงื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืจ
16:57
for 400 million people in 12 years.
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ืœ400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘12 ืฉื ื™ื.
16:59
We did a mass energy balance -- if they use brick,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืื–ืŸ ืžืกื” ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืื ื”ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืœื‘ื ื™ื,
17:01
they will lose all their soil and burn all their coal.
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ื”ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื™ืฉืจืคื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื.
17:04
They'll have cities with no energy and no food.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
17:06
We signed a Memorandum of Understanding --
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ื—ืชืžื ื• ืขืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช,
17:08
here's Madam Deng Nan, Deng Xiaoping's daughter --
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ื”ื ื” ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ื ื’ ืœืืŸ, ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื ื’ ืฉื™ืื•ืคื™ื ื’,
17:10
for China to adopt cradle to cradle.
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ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืชืืžืฅ ืืช ืขืจืฉ ืืœ ืœืขืจืฉ.
17:12
Because if they toxify themselves, being the lowest-cost producer,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื”ื ื™ืจืขื™ืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื”ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
17:16
send it to the lowest-cost distribution -- Wal-Mart --
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ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื•ื•ืืœืžืืจื˜,
17:18
and then we send them all our money, what we'll discover is that
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื” ืฉื ื’ืœื” ื–ื”
17:21
we have what, effectively, when I was a student,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ื‘ืขืฆื, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜,
17:24
was called mutually assured destruction.
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ืงืจืื• ืœื–ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจืกื ื™.
17:27
Now we do it by molecule. These are our cities.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื”. ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
17:30
We're building a new city next to this city; look at that landscape.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ืืช. ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ.
17:33
This is the site.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืืชืจ.
17:35
We don't normally do green fields, but this one is about to be built,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื”,
17:39
so they brought us in to intercede.
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืชื•ื•ืš.
17:41
This is their plan.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
17:43
It's a rubber stamp grid that they laid right on that landscape.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืฉืช ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ.
17:46
And they brought us in and said, "What would you do?"
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ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืืžืจื•, "ืžื” ืืชื ืชืขืฉื•?"
17:49
This is what they would end up with, which is another color photograph.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื•, ื–ืืช ืขื•ื“ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืฆื‘ืข.
17:53
So this is the existing site, so this is what it looks like now,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
17:56
and here's our proposal.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœื ื•.
17:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:02
So the way we approached this
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ืื– ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ื’ืฉื ื• ืื™ืชื”
18:04
is we studied the hydrology very carefully.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจื‘ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื.
18:06
We studied the biota, the ancient biota,
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ืœืžื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ, ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื,
18:08
the current farming and the protocols.
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ืืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื™ื.
18:10
We studied the winds and the sun to make sure everybody in the city
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ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืจ
18:12
will have fresh air, fresh water and direct sunlight
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื ืงื™, ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ื™ืฉื™ืจ
18:18
in every single apartment at some point during the day.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื.
18:21
We then take the parks and lay them out as ecological infrastructure.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื™ืงืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
18:25
We lay out the building areas.
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ืžื™ืงืžื ื• ืืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื.
18:28
We start to integrate commercial and mixed use
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื
18:29
so the people all have centers and places to be.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื.
18:32
The transportation is all very simple,
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ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”,
18:34
everybody's within a five-minute walk of mobility.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื”ืชื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช.
18:37
We have a 24-hour street, so that there's always a place that's alive.
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ื™ืฉ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื—ื™.
18:42
The waste systems all connect.
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ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืฉืคื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช.
18:44
If you flush a toilet, your feces will go to the sewage treatment plants,
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ืื ืืชื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ื”ืฆื•ืื” ืฉืœืš ืชื’ื™ืข ืœืžืคืขืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืคื›ื™ื,
18:49
which are sold as assets, not liabilities.
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ืฉื ืžื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื ื›ืก, ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
18:51
Because who wants the fertilizer factory that makes natural gas?
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ื›ื™ ืžื™ ื™ืจืฆื” ืžืคืขืœ ื“ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™?
18:55
The waters are all taken in to construct the wetlands for habitat restorations.
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ื”ืžื™ื ื ืœืงื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.
19:00
And then it makes natural gas, which then goes back into the city
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ื•ืื– ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ
19:04
to power the fuel for the cooking for the city.
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ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ื“ืœืง ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
19:08
So this is -- these are fertilizer gas plants.
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ืื– ื–ื”, ืืœื• ื”ื ืžืคืขืœื™ ื“ืฉืŸ ื•ื’ื–.
19:10
And then the compost is all taken back
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ื•ื”ืงื•ืžืคื•ืกื˜ ื ืœืงื— ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”
19:13
to the roofs of the city, where we've got farming,
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ืœื’ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ืงืœืื•ืช,
19:15
because what we've done is lifted up the city,
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ,
19:19
the landscape, into the air to -- to restore the native landscape
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ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ, ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™
19:26
on the roofs of the buildings.
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ืขืœ ื’ื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื.
19:28
The solar power of all the factory centers
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ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื
19:31
and all the industrial zones with their light roofs powers the city.
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ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืขื ื”ื’ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืืจื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืขื™ืจ.
19:34
And this is the concept for the top of the city.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืžืจืช ื”ืขื™ืจ.
19:36
We've lifted the earth up onto the roofs.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืืœ ื”ื’ื’ื•ืช.
19:40
The farmers have little bridges to get from one roof to the next.
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ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ืฉืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื’ื’ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ื’ ื”ื‘ื.
19:44
We inhabit the city with work/live space on all the ground floors.
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ื™ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”/ ื—ืœืœื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข.
19:48
And so this is the existing city, and this is the new city.
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ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
19:53
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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