Cradle to cradle design | William McDonough

301,166 views ใƒป 2007-05-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunyoung Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yenah Lee
00:26
In 1962, with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring,"
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1962๋…„ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ ์นด์Šจ์˜ "์นจ๋ฌต์˜ ๋ด„" ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
00:30
I think for people like me in the world of the making of things,
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์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
the canary in the mine wasn't singing.
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๊ฐฑ๋„ ์†์˜ ์นด๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์šธ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
00:39
And so the question that we might not have birds
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์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
00:42
became kind of fundamental to those of us wandering around
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๋ฉธ์ข…๋œ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ๋“ค์ข…๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋Œ์•„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
00:45
looking for the meadowlarks that seemed to have all disappeared.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›์น™์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
And the question was, were the birds singing?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”, ์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:51
Now, I'm not a scientist, that'll be really clear.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹˜๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
But, you know, we've just come from this discussion of what a bird might be.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฐŒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
What is a bird?
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์ƒˆ๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:00
Well, in my world, this is a rubber duck.
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์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ์ƒˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
It comes in California with a warning --
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ฃ . -
01:06
"This product contains chemicals known by the State of California
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"์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์—๋Š” ์•”, ์„ ์ฒœ์  ๊ฒฐ์†์ฆ
01:09
to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm."
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๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:16
This is a bird.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
What kind of culture would produce a product of this kind
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
01:22
and then label it and sell it to children?
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:27
I think we have a design problem.
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์ €๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ด์Šˆ์— ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Someone heard the six hours of talk that I gave
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์ œ๊ฐ€ NPR์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ "๋ชฌํ‹ฐ์ฒผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”"๋ผ๋Š” 6์‹œ๊ฐ„์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
01:35
called "The Monticello Dialogues" on NPR, and sent me this as a thank you note --
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ง™๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
01:41
"We realize that design is a signal of intention,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์˜๋„์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:43
but it also has to occur within a world,
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๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:46
and we have to understand that world in order to
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๋””์ž์ธ์— ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
01:50
imbue our designs with inherent intelligence,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
and so as we look back at the basic state of affairs
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๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
01:58
in which we design, we, in a way, need to go to the primordial condition
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์›์ดˆ์  ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
02:03
to understand the operating system and the frame conditions of a planet,
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
and I think the exciting part of that is the good news that's there,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
because the news is the news of abundance,
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๊ทธ ์†Œ์‹์ด๋ž€๊ฒŒ ํ’์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ,
02:16
and not the news of limits,
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ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:18
and I think as our culture tortures itself now
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฌ์•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๊ณ 
02:23
with tyrannies and concerns over limits and fear,
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ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
02:28
we can add this other dimension of abundance that is coherent,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ํ’์š”๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:33
driven by the sun, and start to imagine
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:35
what that would be like to share."
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:42
That was a nice thing to get.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜์ฃ .
02:44
That was one sentence.
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ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Henry James would be proud.
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ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ์ œ์ž„์Šค๋Š” ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
02:50
This is -- I put it down at the bottom,
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์ด๊ฑด -- ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉด,
02:52
but that was extemporaneous, obviously.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ž„์‹œ๋ฐฉํŽธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
The fundamental issue is that, for me,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ด์Šˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด,
02:58
design is the first signal of human intentions.
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๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:00
So what are our intentions, and what would our intentions be --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€, ๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ --
03:04
if we wake up in the morning, we have designs on the world --
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์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์˜จ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค์ž์ธ์ด์ฃ . --
03:07
well, what would our intention be as a species
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์Œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ์ข…์กฑ์ธ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋กœ์„œ
03:09
now that we're the dominant species?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๋„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
03:11
And it's not just stewardship and dominion debate,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
because really, dominion is implicit in stewardship --
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์— ๋‚ดํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ  --
03:20
because how could you dominate something you had killed?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:22
And stewardship's implicit in dominion,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฐ์— ๋‚ดํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
because you can't be steward of something if you can't dominate it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:26
So the question is, what is the first question for designers?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:32
Now, as guardians -- let's say the state, for example,
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๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ -- ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:35
which reserves the right to kill, the right to be duplicitous and so on --
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์‚ด์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ, ๋ถˆ์„ฑ์‹ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . --
03:40
the question we're asking the guardian at this point is
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์ด ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
03:43
are we meant, how are we meant,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
03:45
to secure local societies, create world peace
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:47
and save the environment?
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:49
But I don't know that that's the common debate.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Commerce, on the other hand, is relatively quick,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์ƒ์—…์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ,
03:56
essentially creative, highly effective and efficient,
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์ ์ธ๋ฐ๋‹ค,
03:58
and fundamentally honest, because we can't exchange
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์งํ•˜์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:01
value for very long if we don't trust each other.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:05
So we use the tools of commerce primarily for our work,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ƒ์—…์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
but the question we bring to it is,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
04:09
how do we love all the children of all species for all time?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์กฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:13
And so we start our designs with that question.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Because what we realize today is that modern culture
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต์„
04:18
appears to have adopted a strategy of tragedy.
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ํƒํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:21
If we come here and say, "Well, I didn't intend
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์™€์„œ , "์Œ, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
04:23
to cause global warming on the way here,"
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:24
and we say, "That's not part of my plan,"
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ , "๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:26
then we realize it's part of our de facto plan.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:29
Because it's the thing that's happening because we have no other plan.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:32
And I was at the White House for President Bush,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์—์„œ
04:34
meeting with every federal department and agency,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์™€ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:36
and I pointed out that they appear to have no plan.
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:40
If the end game is global warming, they're doing great.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ตœ์ข…ํŒ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
If the end game is mercury toxification of our children
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ตœ์ข…ํŒ์ด ์„ํƒ„ ํ™”๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์„œ
04:45
downwind of coal fire plants as they scuttled the Clean Air Act,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์€ ์ค‘๋…์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
04:48
then I see that our education programs should be explicitly defined as,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
"Brain death for all children. No child left behind."
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ์‚ฌ,
04:54
(Applause)
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ํ•œ ๋ช…๋„ ๋น ์ง์—†์ด" (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:58
So, the question is, how many federal officials
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์ด
05:02
are ready to move to Ohio and Pennsylvania with their families?
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์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค๋‚˜ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฌํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:05
So if you don't have an endgame of something delightful,
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์ •๋ง ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š” ์ตœ์ข…ํŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:09
then you're just moving chess pieces around,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฒด์Šค ๋ง์„ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ• ํ…Œ์ฃ ,
05:11
if you don't know you're taking the king.
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์™•์„ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
05:12
So perhaps we could develop a strategy of change,
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:15
which requires humility. And in my business as an architect,
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๊ทธ ์ „๋žต์—๋Š” ๊ฒธ์†์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ œ ์ผ์—์„œ๋Š”,
05:18
it's unfortunate the word "humility" and the word "architect"
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๊ฒธ์†์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€
05:22
have not appeared in the same paragraph since "The Fountainhead."
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"๊ทผ์›"๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
So if anybody here has trouble with the concept of design humility,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ปจ์…‰์„ ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:30
reflect on this -- it took us 5,000 years
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„์ถฐ๋ณด์„ธ์š” -- 5000๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:33
to put wheels on our luggage.
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์ง์„ ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
05:37
So, as Kevin Kelly pointed out, there is no endgame.
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์ผ€๋นˆ ์บ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ตœ์ข…ํŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
There is an infinite game, and we're playing in that infinite game.
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๋ฌดํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ ๋ฌดํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:46
And so we call it "cradle to cradle,"
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์š”๋žŒ์—์„œ ์š”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ"๋ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
05:48
and our goal is very simple.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌํ”Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
This is what I presented to the White House.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
05:51
Our goal is a delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world,
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์ œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ, ๋‹จ์ง€
05:54
with clean air, clean water, soil and power --
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๋ง‘์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ, ๋ง‘์€ ๋ฌผ, ํ† ์–‘๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
05:57
economically, equitably, ecologically and elegantly enjoyed, period.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์ƒํƒœํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”, ๋.
06:01
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:04
What don't you like about this?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์•ˆ๋“œ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:07
Which part of this don't you like?
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์ด ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์•ˆ๋“œ์„ธ์š”?
06:09
So we realized we want full diversity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
even though it can be difficult to remember what De Gaulle said
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๋“œ๊ณจ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋ƒ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
06:14
when asked what it was like to be President of France.
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
06:16
He said, "What do you think it's like trying to run a country with 400 kinds of cheese?"
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๋“œ๊ณจ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "40์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์น˜์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”?"
06:20
But at the same time, we realize that our products are not safe and healthy.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
So we've designed products
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•ด์™”๊ณ ,
06:25
and we analyzed chemicals down to the parts per million.
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ PPM ๋‹จ์œ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
This is a baby blanket by Pendleton that will give your child nutrition
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์ด๊ฑด ํŒฌ๋“คํ†ค์˜ ์œ ์•„์šฉ ๋‹ด์š”์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–‘์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
instead of Alzheimer's later in life.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก์š”.
06:32
We can ask ourselves, what is justice,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”,
06:34
and is justice blind, or is justice blindness?
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์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์€ ์•ž์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ๋งน๋ชฉ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:38
And at what point did that uniform turn from white to black?
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์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์—์„œ ์œ ๋‹ˆํผ์ด ํฐ ์ƒ‰์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์€ ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:43
Water has been declared a human right by the United Nations.
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๋ฌผ์€ UN์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์„ ์–ธ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Air quality is an obvious thing to anyone who breathes.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์งˆ์€ ์ˆจ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Is there anybody here who doesn't breathe?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์— ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:51
Clean soil is a critical problem -- the nitrification, the dead zones
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํ† ์–‘์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ์งˆํ™”์ž‘์šฉ,
06:54
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐ๋“œ ์กด์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:56
A fundamental issue that's not being addressed.
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์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ด์Šˆ์ฃ .
06:58
We've seen the first form of solar energy
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
that's beat the hegemony of fossil fuels in the form of wind
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ—ค๊ฒŒ๋ชจ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์ดˆ์› ์ง€๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
07:03
here in the Great Plains, and so that hegemony is leaving.
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๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํ—ค๊ฒŒ๋ชจ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋– ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
And if we remember Sheikh Yamani when he formed OPEC,
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์žํ‚ค ์•ผ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ OPEC์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ,
07:09
they asked him, "When will we see the end of the age of oil?"
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์–ธ์ œ ์„์œ  ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ข…๋ง์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?"
07:12
I don't know if you remember his answer, but it was,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์ด๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
"The Stone Age didn't end because we ran out of stones."
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"์„๊ธฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์„ ๋‹ค ์จ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋๋‚œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:19
We see that companies acting ethically in this world
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
07:23
are outperforming those that don't.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
We see the flows of materials in a rather terrifying prospect.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์›์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
This is a hospital monitor from Los Angeles, sent to China.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋กœ์Šค์—”์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋ณ‘์› ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
This woman will expose herself to toxic phosphorous,
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์œ ๋…์„ฑ ์ธ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ ,
07:35
release four pounds of toxic lead into her childrens' environment,
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4ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ์œ ๋…์„ฑ ๋‚ฉ์„ ์ž๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
which is from copper.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
On the other hand, we see great signs of hope.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Here's Dr. Venkataswamy in India, who's figured out
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๋ฒค์นด๋‹ค์Šค์™€๋ฏธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:45
how to do mass-produced health.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
He has given eyesight to two million people for free.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
We see in our material flows that car steels don't become car steel again
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์›์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
because of the contaminants of the coatings --
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๋„๊ธˆ์„ ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . --
07:56
bismuth, antimony, copper and so on.
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๋น„์Šค๋ฌดํŠธ, ์•ˆํ‹ฐ๋ชฌ, ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์š”.
07:58
They become building steel.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์šฉ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
On the other hand, we're working with Berkshire Hathaway,
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํฌ์…” ํ—ค์„œ์›จ์ด,
08:01
Warren Buffett and Shaw Carpet,
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์›Œ๋ Œ ๋ฒ„ํ•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์นดํŽซ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ
08:04
the largest carpet company in the world.
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์‡ผ ์นดํŽซ๊ณผ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
We've developed a carpet that is continuously recyclable,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นดํŽซ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
08:08
down to the parts per million.
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PPM ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ •๋„๋งŒ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
The upper is Nylon 6 that can go back to caprolactam,
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์ƒ์ธต๋ถ€๋Š” ์นดํ”„๋กœ๋ฝํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‚˜์ผ๋ก  6์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
the bottom, a polyolephine -- infinitely recyclable thermoplastic.
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์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์€ ํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ ˆํ•€์ด์ฃ . -- ๋ฌดํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์—ด๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Now if I was a bird, the building on my left is a liability.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฉด, ์ œ ์™ผ์ชฝ์˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์€ ๊ณจ์นซ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:21
The building on my right, which is our corporate campus for The Gap
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์ œ ์˜ค๋ฅธํŽธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์€, ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐญ(Gap)์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์บ ํผ์Šค์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
08:24
with an ancient meadow, is an asset -- its nesting grounds.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ๋‘ฅ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ‹€์–ด์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
08:29
Here's where I come from. I grew up in Hong Kong,
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์—ฌ๊ธด ์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ํ™์ฝฉ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
with six million people in 40 square miles.
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40 ํ‰๋ฐฉ ๋งˆ์ผ ๋‹น 6๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
08:33
During the dry season, we had four hours of water every fourth day.
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๊ฑด๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š”, 4์ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค 4์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
And the relationship to landscape was that of farmers who have been
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ํ’๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ณง 40์„ธ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•ด์˜จ
08:40
farming the same piece of ground for 40 centuries.
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๋†๋ถ€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
You can't farm the same piece of ground for 40 centuries
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ 40์„ธ๊ธฐ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:46
without understanding nutrient flow.
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์˜์–‘๋ถ„์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”์š”.
08:49
My childhood summers were in the Puget Sound of Washington,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ์  ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์˜ ํ“จ์ ฏ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
among the first growth and big growth.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด์•˜์ฃ .
08:54
My grandfather had been a lumberjack in the Olympics,
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ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ๊พผ ๋…ธ๋ฆ‡์„ ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:56
so I have a lot of tree karma I am working off.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์—…๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
I went to Yale for graduate school,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ผ๋Œ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์„ ์ง„ํ•™ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:03
studied in a building of this style by Le Corbusier,
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๋ฅด ๊ผฌ๋ฅด๋ท”์ง€์—์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
affectionately known in our business as Brutalism.
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์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ฅดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด๋ผ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์ฃ .
09:09
If we look at the world of architecture,
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๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด,
09:12
we see with Mies' 1928 tower for Berlin,
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๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์Šค์˜ 1928 ํƒ€์›Œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ ํ…๋ฐ์š”,
09:15
the question might be, "Well, where's the sun?"
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋“ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์Œ, ํƒœ์–‘์€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์ง€?"
09:17
And this might have worked in Berlin, but we built it in Houston,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์— ์ง€์–ด์ง„๊ฑฐ์ง€, ํœด์Šคํ†ค์— ์ง€์–ด ์ง„๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:20
and the windows are all closed. And with most products
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ซ๊ฒจ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋ชจ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด
09:23
appearing not to have been designed for indoor use,
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์‹ค๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””์ž์ธ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ์š”,
09:25
this is actually a vertical gas chamber.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ˆ˜์งํ˜• ๊ฐ€์Šค์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
When I went to Yale, we had the first energy crisis,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ผ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ, ์ตœ์ดˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•˜๊ณ ,
09:31
and I was designing the first solar-heated house in Ireland
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ ์‹ ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ์— ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ์ง‘์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:33
as a student, which I then built --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง‘์„ ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
09:35
which would give you a sense of my ambition.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๊ธฐ์šด์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
09:37
And Richard Meier, who was one of my teachers,
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๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ๋งˆ์ด์–ด๋Š” ์ œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:39
kept coming over to my desk to give me criticism,
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๊ณ„์† ์ œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์™€์„œ ๋น„ํ‰์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์ฃ .
09:41
and he would say, "Bill, you've got to understand- --
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ, "๋นŒ, ๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ --
09:43
solar energy has nothing to do with architecture."
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ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ."
09:51
I guess he didn't read Vitruvius.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ๋น„ํŠธ๋ฃจ๋น„์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
In 1984, we did the first so-called "green office" in America
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1984๋…„์—, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ "์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค"์„
09:57
for Environmental Defense.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
We started asking manufacturers what were in their materials.
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์ œ์กฐ์—…์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:01
They said, "They're proprietary, they're legal, go away."
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "์ด๊ฑด ์ƒํ‘œ๋“ฑ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ €๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”."
10:03
The only indoor quality work done in this country at that time
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‹ค๋‚ด์šฉ ์žฌ์งˆ์€
10:05
was sponsored by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company,
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R.J. ๋ ˆ์ด๋†€์Šค ํƒ€๋ฐ”์ฝ” ์ปดํผ๋‹ˆ์— ํ›„์›๋ฐ›์•˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:08
and it was to prove there was no danger
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์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์—… ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ํก์—ฐ์ด
10:09
from secondhand smoke in the workplace.
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์ „ํ˜€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:12
So, all of a sudden, here I am, graduating from high school in 1969,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๋˜ 1969๋…„์—,
10:16
and this happens, and we realize that "away" went away.
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์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ๋„, ์ €๋Š” "์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง"์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
10:19
Remember we used to throw things away, and we'd point to away?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์™”์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
10:23
And yet, NOAA has now shown us, for example --
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NOAA(๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ํ•ด์–‘ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ฒญ)์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด --
10:25
you see that little blue thing above Hawaii?
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ํ•˜์™€์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์œ„์— ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”?
10:27
That's the Pacific Gyre.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ถํƒœํ‰์–‘ ํ™˜๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
It was recently dragged for plankton by scientists,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์„ ํ›“์–ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:30
and they found six times as much plastic as plankton.
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ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด 6๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
When asked, they said, "It's kind of like a giant toilet that doesn't flush."
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ด๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:39
Perhaps that's away.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผํ…Œ์ฃ .
10:40
So we're looking for the design rules of this --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
10:42
this is the highest biodiversity of trees in the world, Irian Jaya,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ด๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์ž์•ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:44
259 species of tree, and we described this
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 259์ข…์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ
10:48
in the book, "Cradle to Cradle."
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"์š”๋žŒ์—์„œ ์š”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ"๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
The book itself is a polymer. It is not a tree.
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์ฑ… ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์ˆ˜์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
10:53
That's the name of the first chapter -- "This Book is Not a Tree."
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์ด๊ฑด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ ์งธ ์žฅ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
10:56
Because in poetics, as Margaret Atwood pointed out,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œํ•™(่ฉฉๅญธ)์—์„œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ€๋ › ์• ํŠธ์šฐ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:59
"we write our history on the skin of fish
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณฐ์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ
11:01
with the blood of bears."
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ป์งˆ์— ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ๋‹ค."
11:04
And with so much polymer, what we really need
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์ˆ˜์ง€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:05
is technical nutrition, and to use something
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–‘์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜
11:08
as elegant as a tree -- imagine this design assignment:
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๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:11
Design something that makes oxygen, sequesters carbon,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:13
fixes nitrogen, distills water, accrues solar energy as fuel,
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์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌผ์„ ์ •์ œํ•˜๊ณ , ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:17
makes complex sugars and food, creates microclimates,
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์„คํƒ•๊ณผ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ธฐํ›„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:21
changes colors with the seasons and self-replicates.
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๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
11:27
Well, why don't we knock that down and write on it?
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์ž, ์ข€ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ ์œผ์‹œ์ฃ ?
11:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:35
So, we're looking at the same criteria
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„
11:37
as most people -- you know, can I afford it?
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์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฑฐ์ฃ , ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ๊ฐ€?
11:39
Does it work? Do I like it?
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ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
11:41
We're adding the Jeffersonian agenda, and I come from Charlottesville,
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์ œํผ์Šจ์‹ ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์ƒฌ๋กฏ๋นŒ ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
11:43
where I've had the privilege of living in a house designed by Thomas Jefferson.
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์ƒฌ๋กฏ๋นŒ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ์ œํผ์Šจ์ด ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ์ง‘์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ด‘์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:47
We're adding life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ถ, ์ž์œ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณต ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
Now if we look at the word "competition,"
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋Œ€ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:54
I'm sure most of you've used it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์™”์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
You know, most people don't realize it comes from
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜
11:57
the Latin competere, which means strive together.
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๋ผํ‹ด์–ด competare์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
It means the way Olympic athletes train with each other.
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์œก์ƒ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋œปํ•˜์ฃ .
12:03
They get fit together, and then they compete.
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์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
The Williams sisters compete -- one wins Wimbledon.
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์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ์ž๋งค๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜์ฃ . -- ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ ์œ”๋ธ”๋˜์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
So we've been looking at the idea of competition
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
12:11
as a way of cooperating in order to get fit together.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
And the Chinese government has now --
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ --
12:16
I work with the Chinese government now --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. --
12:18
has taken this up.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
We're also looking at survival of the fittest,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ์ž์ƒ์กด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:22
not in just competition terms in our modern context
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
12:24
of destroy the other or beat them to the ground,
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ํƒ€์ธ์„ ํŒŒ๋ฉธ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋ ค๋ˆ•ํžˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
12:27
but really to fit together and build niches
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์„œ๋กœ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค์„œ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
12:29
and have growth that is good.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:31
Now most environmentalists don't say growth is good,
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์ด์ œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
because, in our lexicon, asphalt is two words: assigning blame.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ, ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
12:38
But if we look at asphalt as our growth,
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์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:41
then we realize that all we're doing is destroying
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
12:43
the planetary's fundamental underlying operating system.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
So when we see E equals mc squared come along, from a poet's perspective,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ E๋Š” mc์˜ ์ œ๊ณฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ๋•Œ, ์‹œ์ธ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ,
12:52
we see energy as physics, chemistry as mass,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ, ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:54
and all of a sudden, you get this biology.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๋„ ๊นจ์šฐ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
And we have plenty of energy, so we'll solve that problem,
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๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:59
but the biology problem's tricky, because as we put through
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
13:02
all these toxic materials that we disgorge,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ† ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ๋…์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
13:05
we will never be able to recover that.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:07
And as Francis Crick pointed out, nine years
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ํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค ํฌ๋ฆญ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ,
13:09
after discovering DNA with Mr. Watson,
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์™“์Šจ์”จ๊ฐ€ DNA๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ 9๋…„ ํ›„,
13:12
that life itself has to have growth as a precondition --
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์‚ถ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์ „์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
13:16
it has to have free energy, sunlight
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์ž์œ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:18
and it needs to be an open system of chemicals.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
So we're asking for human artifice to become a living thing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฑ…๋žต์ด ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
and we want growth, we want free energy from sunlight
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ํƒœ์–‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ์ž์œ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
and we want an open metabolism for chemicals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
Then, the question becomes not growth or no growth,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
but what do you want to grow?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋‚˜์š”?
13:34
So instead of just growing destruction,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฉธ ๋Œ€์‹ ,
13:36
we want to grow the things that we might enjoy,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
and someday the FDA will allow us to make French cheese.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ FDA(๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ)์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์‹ ์น˜์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:41
So therefore, we have these two metabolisms,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:45
and I worked with a German chemist, Michael Braungart,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์ž์ธ ๋ฏธํ•˜์—˜ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด๊ฐ€๋ฅดํŠธ์™€ ์ผํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
13:47
and we've identified the two fundamental metabolisms.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
The biological one I'm sure you understand,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:51
but also the technical one, where we take materials
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ
13:53
and put them into closed cycles.
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๋‹ซํ˜€์ง„ ์‹ธ์ดํด์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
We call them biological nutrition and technical nutrition.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์  ์˜์–‘๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์˜์–‘์ด๋ผ ์นญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
Technical nutrition will be in an order of magnitude of biological nutrition.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์˜์–‘์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์  ์˜์–‘์˜ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์— ์กด์žฌํ• ํ…Œ์ฃ .
14:02
Biological nutrition can supply about 500 million humans,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์  ์˜์–‘์€ ์•ฝ 5์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
14:05
which means that if we all wore Birkenstocks and cotton,
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„ํ‚จ์Šคํƒ์„ ์‹ ๊ณ  ๋ฉด์†Œ์žฌ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:07
the world would run out of cork and dry up.
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์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
So we need materials in closed cycles,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ซํžŒ ์‹ธ์ดํด ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ž์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
14:12
but we need to analyze them down to the parts per million
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์ด๊ฑธ PPM๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
for cancer, birth defects, mutagenic effects,
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์•”, ์„ ์ฒœ์  ๊ฒฐ์†์ฆ, ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ํšจ๊ณผ,
14:17
disruption of our immune systems, biodegradation, persistence,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„, ์ž์—ฐ๋ถ„ํ•ด, ์ง€์†์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด,
14:20
heavy metal content, knowledge of how we're making them
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์ค‘๊ธˆ์†, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์—
14:23
and their production and so on.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
14:25
Our first product was a textile where we analyzed 8,000 chemicals
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์€ ์„ฌ์œ  ์—ฝ๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 8000๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋†“์€
14:29
in the textile industry.
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์„ฌ์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
Using those intellectual filters, we eliminated [7,962.]
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์ ์ธ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 7962๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
We were left with 38 chemicals.
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38๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋งŒ์ด ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์กŒ์ฃ .
14:37
We have since databased the 4000 most commonly used chemicals
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๊ทธ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 4000๊ฐœ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„
14:40
in human manufacturing, and we're releasing this database into the public in six weeks.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™”ํ•ด์™”๊ณ , ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ 6์ฃผ ํ›„์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
So designers all over the world can analyze their products
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
14:47
down to the parts per million for human and ecological health.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด PPM ๋‹จ์œ„๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
14:52
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:57
We've developed a protocol so that companies can send
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
15:00
these same messages all the way through their supply chains,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
because when we asked most companies we work with -- about a trillion dollars
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š” -- 1์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”
15:06
-- and say, "Where does your stuff come from?" They say, "Suppliers."
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-- ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?", ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”. "๊ณต๊ธ‰ํšŒ์‚ฌ์š”."
15:08
"And where does it go?"
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"๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”?"
15:10
"Customers."
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"๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด์ฃ ."
15:11
So we need some help there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์šธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
So the biological nutrients, the first fabrics --
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์˜์–‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ง๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด์ฃ . --
15:14
the water coming out was clean enough to drink.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งˆ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๋งŒํผ ๊นจ๋—ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
Technical nutrients -- this is for Shaw Carpet, infinitely reusable carpet.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์˜์–‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ -- ์ด๊ฑด ์‡ผ ์นดํŽซ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ๋ฌดํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์นดํŽซ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
Here's nylon going back to caprolactam back to carpet.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์ผ๋ก ์€ ์นดํ”„๋กœ๋ฝํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์นดํŽซ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
Biotechnical nutrients -- the Model U for Ford Motor,
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์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์  ์˜์–‘๋ฌผ์งˆ -- ํฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ U๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ฃ ,
15:26
a cradle to cradle car -- concept car.
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์š”๋žŒ์—์„œ ์š”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ -- ์ปจ์…‰์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
Shoes for Nike, where the uppers are polyesters, infinitely recyclable,
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๋‚˜์ดํ‚ค ์‹ ๋ฐœ์€, ์ƒ๋ถ€๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ์—์Šคํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฌดํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:32
the bottoms are biodegradable soles.
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ํ•˜๋‹จ์€ ์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ ๋ฐ‘์ฐฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
Wear your old shoes in, your new shoes out.
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๋‚ก์€ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์•Š์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ณ , ์ƒˆ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
15:37
There is no finish line.
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ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
The idea here of the car is that some of the materials
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
15:41
go back to the industry forever, some of the materials go back to soil --
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์˜์›ํžˆ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
15:44
it's all solar-powered.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด ๋ฐœ์ „์ด์ฃ .
15:46
Here's a building at Oberlin College we designed
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๊ฑด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์นผ๋ฆฌ์ง€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
that makes more energy than it needs to operate and purifies its own water.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
15:52
Here's a building for The Gap, where the ancient grasses
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐญ(Gap)์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ƒŒ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋…ธ์˜
15:54
of San Bruno, California, are on the roof.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ž”๋””๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ์–น์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:58
And this is our project for Ford Motor Company.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ํฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
16:00
It's the revitalization of the River Rouge in Dearborn.
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๋””์–ด๋ณธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„๋ฃจ์ฆˆ(River Rouge)์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
This is obviously a color photograph.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
These are our tools. These are how we sold it to Ford.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ €ํฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด๊ณ . ์ด๊ฑด ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋“œ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํŒ”์•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
We saved Ford 35 million dollars doing it this way, day one,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฒซ ๋‚  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋“œ์— 3์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์‹œ์ผœ์คฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
16:13
which is the equivalent of the Ford Taurus
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํฌ๋“œ์˜ ํ† ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€
16:15
at a four percent margin of an order for 900 million dollars worth of cars.
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9์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋งŒํผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ผ ๋•Œ์˜ 4% ๋งˆ์ง„์œจ๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
Here it is. It's the world's largest green roof, 10 and a half acres.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ . ์ด๊ฑด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ง€๋ถ•์œผ๋กœ 10.5์—์ด์ปค(์•ฝ 12854ํ‰)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
This is the roof, saving money,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ง€๋ถ•์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ˆ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜์ฃ .
16:25
and this is the first species to arrive here. These are killdeer.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ด๊ณณ์— ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ฃ . ๋ฌผ๋–ผ์ƒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
They showed up in five days.
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5์ผ๋งŒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
And we now have 350-pound auto workers
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋“ค์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š”
16:34
learning bird songs on the Internet.
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350 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ์ž๋™ ์žฅ์น˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:38
We're developing now protocols for cities --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋„์‹œ์šฉ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
16:40
that's the home of technical nutrients.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์˜์–‘๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋œ ์ง‘์ด์ฃ .
16:42
The country -- the home of biological. And putting them together.
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์‹œ๊ณจ์€ -- ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ์ง‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
And so I will finish by showing you a new city
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์น˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
we're designing for the Chinese government.
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์ค‘๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
16:49
We're doing 12 cities for China right now,
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์ค‘๊ตญ ๋‚ด 12๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
16:52
based on cradle to cradle as templates.
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ํ…œํ”Œ๋ฆฟ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์š”๋žŒ์—์„œ ์š”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
Our assignment is to develop protocols for the housing
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์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” 12๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ 4์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
16:57
for 400 million people in 12 years.
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์ฃผํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
We did a mass energy balance -- if they use brick,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
17:01
they will lose all their soil and burn all their coal.
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ํ† ์–‘์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์„ํƒ„์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํƒœ์›Œ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
They'll have cities with no energy and no food.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋„ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
17:06
We signed a Memorandum of Understanding --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์–‘ํ•ด๊ฐ์„œ์— ์‚ฌ์ธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
17:08
here's Madam Deng Nan, Deng Xiaoping's daughter --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฉ ์ƒค์˜คํ•‘์˜ ๋”ธ ๋ฉ ๋ž‘ ์—ฌ์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š” --
17:10
for China to adopt cradle to cradle.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ์š”๋žŒ์—์„œ ์š”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
17:12
Because if they toxify themselves, being the lowest-cost producer,
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์ตœ์ € ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋…์„ ๋ฟœ๊ณ ,
17:16
send it to the lowest-cost distribution -- Wal-Mart --
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์ตœ์ € ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด -- ์›”๋งˆํŠธ์ฃ  --
17:18
and then we send them all our money, what we'll discover is that
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
17:21
we have what, effectively, when I was a student,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
17:24
was called mutually assured destruction.
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ํ•™์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ์— ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ํŒŒ๋ฉธ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
17:27
Now we do it by molecule. These are our cities.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
17:30
We're building a new city next to this city; look at that landscape.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ ์˜†์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
17:33
This is the site.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
We don't normally do green fields, but this one is about to be built,
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฏธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฑด ๋ง‰ ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ
17:39
so they brought us in to intercede.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์–‘ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
This is their plan.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋“ค ๊ณ„ํš์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
17:43
It's a rubber stamp grid that they laid right on that landscape.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๋†“์ธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
And they brought us in and said, "What would you do?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”, "๋ญ˜ ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?"
17:49
This is what they would end up with, which is another color photograph.
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฑด์ง€์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
So this is the existing site, so this is what it looks like now,
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์ด๊ฑด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฑด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋„ค์š”.
17:56
and here's our proposal.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ €ํฌ ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:02
So the way we approached this
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
18:04
is we studied the hydrology very carefully.
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์ €ํฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋ฌธํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
We studied the biota, the ancient biota,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ, ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ตฐ,
18:08
the current farming and the protocols.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋†์—…๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
We studied the winds and the sun to make sure everybody in the city
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
18:12
will have fresh air, fresh water and direct sunlight
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์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ, ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ง์‚ฌ๊ด‘์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
18:18
in every single apartment at some point during the day.
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๋‚ฎ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ ์—๋ผ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
18:21
We then take the parks and lay them out as ecological infrastructure.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์›์„ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋กœ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
We lay out the building areas.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:28
We start to integrate commercial and mixed use
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์  ์šฉ๋„์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
18:29
so the people all have centers and places to be.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:32
The transportation is all very simple,
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๊ตํ†ต์€ ์ •๋ง ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ด์„œ,
18:34
everybody's within a five-minute walk of mobility.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ 5๋ถ„๋‚ด ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:37
We have a 24-hour street, so that there's always a place that's alive.
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด, ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
The waste systems all connect.
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ํ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ฃ .
18:44
If you flush a toilet, your feces will go to the sewage treatment plants,
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ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด, ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
which are sold as assets, not liabilities.
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์ž์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํŒ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด, ๊ณจ์นซ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
Because who wants the fertilizer factory that makes natural gas?
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ฃŒ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
18:55
The waters are all taken in to construct the wetlands for habitat restorations.
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๋ฌผ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋ณต์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Šต์ง€ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:00
And then it makes natural gas, which then goes back into the city
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ง๋“ค์–ด, ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
19:04
to power the fuel for the cooking for the city.
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๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
19:08
So this is -- these are fertilizer gas plants.
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์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. -- ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋น„๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‹œ์„ค์ด์ฃ .
19:10
And then the compost is all taken back
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ํ‡ด๋น„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†์—…์„ ํ•ด์™”๋˜
19:13
to the roofs of the city, where we've got farming,
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
because what we've done is lifted up the city,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„์‹œ, ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ๊ณต์ค‘์œผ๋กœ
19:19
the landscape, into the air to -- to restore the native landscape
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๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .-- ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„
19:26
on the roofs of the buildings.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
The solar power of all the factory centers
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๋ฐ์€ ์ƒ‰ ์ง€๋ถ•์„ ์–น์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์—… ๋‹จ์ง€์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์—ด์€
19:31
and all the industrial zones with their light roofs powers the city.
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๋„์‹œ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
And this is the concept for the top of the city.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ปจ์…‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
We've lifted the earth up onto the roofs.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถ• ์œ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
The farmers have little bridges to get from one roof to the next.
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€๋ถ•์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
We inhabit the city with work/live space on all the ground floors.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1์ธต์— ์ผ/์‚ถ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
And so this is the existing city, and this is the new city.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฑด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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