Are China and the US doomed to conflict? | Kevin Rudd

3,089,714 views ใƒป 2015-04-01

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Allam Zedan ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Mohamed Al-Alwi
00:12
G'day, my name's Kevin.
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ุทุงุจ ูŠูˆู…ูƒู…ุŒ ุฅุณู…ูŠ ูƒูŠููŠู† .
00:14
I'm from Australia. I'm here to help.
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ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุงุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
00:17
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
00:20
Tonight, I want to talk about a tale of two cities.
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ุณุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุนู† ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุชูŠู†.
00:24
One of those cities is called Washington, and the other is called Beijing.
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุชูุฏุนู‰ ูˆุงุดู†ุทู†ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูƒูŠู†.
00:30
Because how these two capitals shape their future
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ูˆู„ุฃู† ู‡ุงุชุงู† ุงู„ุนุงุตู…ุชุงู†ุŒ ุชุดูƒู„ุงู† ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู‡ู…ุงุŒ
00:36
and the future of the United States and the future of China
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ูˆู„ุฃู† ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ
00:39
doesn't just affect those two countries,
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ู„ุง ูŠุคุซุฑ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู†ุŒ
00:41
it affects all of us
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง
00:43
in ways, perhaps, we've never thought of:
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ุจุทุฑู‚ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุงุŒ ู„ู… ู†ููƒุฑ ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ ููŠู‡ุง:
00:46
the air we breathe, the water we drink,
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ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุชู†ุดู‚ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุดุฑุจู‡ุŒ
ุงู„ุณู…ูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุฃูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู†ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุชุŒ
00:51
the fish we eat, the quality of our oceans,
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00:54
the languages we speak in the future,
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ุงู„ู„ุบุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ
00:57
the jobs we have, the political systems we choose,
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ุงู„ูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู†ุธู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุฎุชุงุฑู‡ุงุŒ
01:00
and, of course, the great questions of war and peace.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ุงุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
ู‡ู„ ุชุฑูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ูุฑู†ุณูŠ.
01:06
You see that bloke? He's French.
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ุงุณู…ู‡ ( ู†ุงุจู„ูŠูˆู†).
01:09
His name is Napoleon.
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ู…ู†ุฐ ู…ุงุฆุชูŠ ุนุงู…ุŒ
01:11
A couple of hundred years ago,
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01:12
he made this extraordinary projection:
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ู‚ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ
"ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุฃุณุฏ ูŠุบุท ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุณุชูŠู‚ุธุŒ
01:15
"China is a sleeping lion, and when she awakes,
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01:17
the world will shake."
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ูุณูˆู ูŠุฑุชุฌู ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…."
01:19
Napoleon got a few things wrong;
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(ู†ุงุจู„ูŠูˆู†) ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก
01:22
he got this one absolutely right.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃุตุงุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ.
01:24
Because China is today not just woken up,
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ู… ุชุณุชูŠู‚ุธ ูุญุณุจุŒ
01:29
China has stood up and China is on the march,
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ู‚ุฏ ู‡ุจุช ูˆุงู‚ูุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุŒ
01:32
and the question for us all
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ูˆุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู„ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุงุŒ
01:34
is where will China go
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ู‡ูˆุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูŠู† ุชุชุฌู‡ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŸ
01:36
and how do we engage this giant of the 21st century?
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ูˆูƒูŠู ุณู†ุชูุงุนู„ ู†ุญู† ู…ุน ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„21 ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
01:43
You start looking at the numbers, they start to confront you in a big way.
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ู…ุง ุฃู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…ุŒ ุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุชุญุฏูŠูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
ูู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุจุฃุช ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุณูˆู ุชุตุจุญุŒ
01:47
It's projected that China will become,
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01:50
by whichever measure -- PPP, market exchange rates --
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ุจุฃูŠ ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ... ุจ ุจ ุจุŒ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚...
01:53
the largest economy in the world
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ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
01:55
over the course of the decade ahead.
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ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุนู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู….
01:58
They're already the largest trading nation,
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ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃู…ุฉ ู…ูุชุงุฌุฑุฉ
02:00
already the largest exporting nation,
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ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃู…ุฉ ู…ูุตุฏุฑุฉุŒ
ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุฃู…ุฉ ู…ูุตู†ูุนุฉุŒ
02:02
already the largest manufacturing nation,
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02:04
and they're also the biggest emitters of carbon in the world.
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ูˆู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจุงุนุซูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
02:08
America comes second.
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ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุชุฃุชูŠ ุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุง.
02:11
So if China does become the world's largest economy,
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃุตุจุญุช ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
02:16
think about this:
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุขุชูŠ:
02:18
It'll be the first time
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ุณูˆู ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
02:21
since this guy was on the throne of England --
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ู…ู†ุฐ ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุŒ ูŠุชุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฑุด ุฅู†ุฌู„ุชุฑุง..
(ุฌูˆุฑุฌ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ) ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุตุฏูŠู‚ู‹ุง ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง (ู„ู†ุงุจู„ูŠูˆู†)
02:26
George III, not a good friend of Napoleon's --
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02:29
that in the world we will have as the largest economy
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ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุงุทู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉุŒ
02:35
a non-English speaking country,
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02:37
a non-Western country,
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ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุบุฑุจูŠุฉุŒ
02:39
a non-liberal democratic country.
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ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุฏูŠู…ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ ุญุฑุฉ.
ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู„ุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณูˆู ูŠุคุซุฑ
02:42
And if you don't think that's going to affect
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02:44
the way in which the world happens in the future,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ
02:47
then personally, I think you've been smoking something,
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ูุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ูƒู†ุช ุชุฏุฎู† ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง
02:50
and it doesn't mean you're from Colorado.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ูƒ ู…ู† (ูƒูˆู„ูˆุฑุงุฏูˆ).
02:54
So in short, the question we have tonight is,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ:
02:57
how do we understand this mega-change,
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ูƒูŠู ู†ูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุŒ
03:00
which I believe to be the biggest change for the first half of the 21st century?
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† ุงู„21ุŸ
03:05
It'll affect so many things.
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ุณูˆู ูŠุคุซุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ.
03:08
It will go to the absolute core.
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ูˆุณูˆู ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุฑ.
03:10
It's happening quietly. It's happening persistently.
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ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุจู‡ุฏูˆุกุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุงูŠุถุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุจุฅู†ุชุธุงู….
03:12
It's happening in some senses under the radar,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ู†ู„ุงุญุธู‡ุŒ
03:15
as we are all preoccupied with
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ูู†ุญู† ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ู…ุดุบูˆู„ูˆู†
03:17
what's going in Ukraine, what's going on in the Middle East,
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ุจู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุฃูˆูƒุฑุงู†ูŠุง ูˆู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูˆุณุทุŒ
03:19
what's going on with ISIS, what's going on with ISIL,
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ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุฏุงุนุดุŒ
03:22
what's happening with the future of our economies.
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ูˆู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ.
03:25
This is a slow and quiet revolution.
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ูู‡ุฐุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุซูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏุฆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ.
03:29
And with a mega-change comes also a mega-challenge,
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ูˆู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุญุฏู‘ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
03:35
and the mega-challenge is this:
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุถุฎู… ู‡ูˆ:
ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุชูŠู†ุŒ
03:37
Can these two great countries,
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03:39
China and the United States --
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ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
03:41
China,
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ุงู„ุตูŠู†
03:47
the Middle Kingdom,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณุทู‰
03:49
and the United States,
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ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
03:54
Mฤ›iguรณ --
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(ู…ูŠูŠุฌูˆุง)
03:57
which in Chinese, by the way, means "the beautiful country."
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ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุชุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ: "ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„".
04:00
Think about that -- that's the name that China has given this country
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ููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุฃุทู„ู‚ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
04:04
for more than a hundred years.
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ู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุนุงู….
ู‡ู„ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ู‡ุงุชุงู† ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุชุงู†ุŒ ู‡ุงุชุงู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชุงู† ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุชุงู†ุŒ
04:06
Whether these two great civilizations, these two great countries,
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04:09
can in fact carve out a common future
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ู‡ู„ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนุงู† ุตู†ุน ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
04:14
for themselves and for the world?
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ู„ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู…ุง ูˆู„ู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŸ
04:16
In short, can we carve out a future
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ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุŒ ู‡ู„ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุตู†ุน ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
04:19
which is peaceful and mutually prosperous,
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ูŠุนู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุฑุฎุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุŒ
ุฃู… ู‡ู„ ู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุฑู‡ูŠุจ
04:23
or are we looking at a great challenge
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04:24
of war or peace?
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ู„ู„ุณู„ู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŸ
ูˆู„ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† 15 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ุญู„ ู…ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ู… ุฃู… ุงู„ุญุฑุจุŒ
04:27
And I have 15 minutes to work through war or peace,
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04:29
which is a little less time
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูˆู‚ุช ุฃุถูŠู‚
04:33
than they gave this guy to write a book called "War and Peace."
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู†ุญูˆู‡ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ูƒูŠ ูŠูƒุชุจ ูƒุชุงุจู‹ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ "ุงู„ุณู„ู… ูˆุงู„ุญุฑุจ".
04:38
People ask me, why is it that a kid growing up in rural Australia
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ูŠุณุฃู„ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠู‡ุชู… ุทูู„ ู†ุดุฃ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง
04:42
got interested in learning Chinese?
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ุจุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉุŸ
04:44
Well, there are two reasons for that.
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ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจุงู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„:
04:46
Here's the first of them.
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04:47
That's Betsy the cow.
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ู‡ุฐุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑุฉ ุจุชุณูŠ.
04:49
Now, Betsy the cow was one of a herd of dairy cattle
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุณูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุทูŠุน ุงู„ุฃุจู‚ุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุฏู‘ุฑ ุงู„ู„ุจู†
04:53
that I grew up with on a farm in rural Australia.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุดุฃุช ู…ุนู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉ ููŠ ุถูˆุงุญูŠ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง.
ู‡ู„ ุชุฑูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู… ุชุตู†ุน ู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ.
04:57
See those hands there? These are not built for farming.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงูƒุชุดูุช ู…ุจูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉ
05:00
So very early on, I discovered that in fact, working in a farm
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05:04
was not designed for me, and China was a very safe remove
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ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู…ุตู…ู…ุงู‹ ู„ูŠุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุตูŠู† ู…ุฎุฑุฌู‹ุง ุขู…ู†ู‹ุง ุฌุฏู‹ุง
05:07
from any career in Australian farm life.
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ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฒุฑุนุฉ ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ.
05:10
Here's the second reason.
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ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ:
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃู…ูŠ.
05:12
That's my mom.
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05:12
Anyone here ever listen to what their mom told them to do?
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ู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ ุฃุญุฏูƒู… ูŠูˆู…ู‹ุง ุจู…ุง ุฃูˆุตุชู‡ ุฃู…ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠูุนู„ุŸ
05:15
Everyone ever do what their mom told them to do?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃุญุฏ ุจู†ุตูŠุญุฉ ุฃู…ู‡ุŸ
ู†ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุจู‡ุงุŒ
05:18
I rarely did,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃูˆุตุชู†ูŠ ุจู‡ ุฃู…ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุŒ
05:20
but what my mom said to me was,
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05:22
one day, she handed me a newspaper,
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ู†ุงูˆู„ุชู†ูŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุตุญู
ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃุญุฏ ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู†ู‡ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„: ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุชุบูŠุฑ ุถุฎู….
05:25
a headline which said, here we have a huge change.
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05:30
And that change is China entering the United Nations.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุชู†ุถู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
05:36
1971, I had just turned 14 years of age,
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ููŠ 1971ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุจู„ุบุช ู„ู„ุชูˆ ุงู„ 14 ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑูŠุŒ
05:39
and she handed me this headline.
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ูˆู†ุงูˆู„ุชู†ูŠ ุฃู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู†ูˆุงู†.
05:41
And she said, "Understand this, learn this,
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ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช: "ุงูู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุชุนู„ู…
05:43
because it's going to affect your future."
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ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุณูˆู ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูƒ".
05:46
So being a very good student of history,
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ูˆู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุชู„ู…ูŠุฐู‹ุง ุจุงุฑุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎุŒ
05:50
I decided that the best thing for me to do was, in fact,
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ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฃู†ู‘ูŽ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุนู…ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
05:53
to go off and learn Chinese.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฃุฐู‡ุจ ูˆุฃุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ.
05:55
The great thing about learning Chinese
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ูˆุฃูุถู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ
05:57
is that your Chinese teacher gives you a new name.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู…ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุณู…ูŠูƒ ุงุณู…ู‹ุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง.
06:00
And so they gave me this name:
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุณู…:
06:03
Kรจ, which means to overcome or to conquer,
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"ูƒูˆ" ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุชุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ูŠู‘ ุฃูˆ ุฃู† ุชูู‡ุฒู…ุŒ
06:08
and Wรฉn, and that's the character for literature or the arts.
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ูˆ"ูˆูู†" ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฑู…ุฒ ู„ู„ุฃุฏุจ ูˆุงู„ูู†.
(ูƒูˆ ูˆู†)ุŒ ู‚ุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฏุจูŠุฉ.
06:13
Kรจ Wรฉn, Conqueror of the Classics.
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ู‡ู„ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญุฏ ูŠุฏุนู‰ "ูƒูŠููŠู†"ุŸ
06:17
Any of you guys called "Kevin"?
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุฑุชู‚ุงุก ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุชุฏุนู‰ "ูƒูŠููŠู†" ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุฏุนู‰ ู‚ุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุงุช.
06:20
It's a major lift from being called Kevin to be called Conqueror of the Classics.
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06:24
(Laughter)
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06:25
I've been called Kevin all my life.
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(ุถุญูƒ)
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฃูุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‘ ุทูˆุงู„ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ุงุณู… "ูƒูŠููŠู†"ุŸ
06:27
Have you been called Kevin all your life?
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ู‡ู„ ุฃูุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠูƒ (ูƒูŠููŠู†) ุทูˆุงู„ ุญูŠุงุชูƒุŸ
06:29
Would you prefer to be called Conqueror of the Classics?
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ู‡ู„ ุชูุถู„ ุฃู† ุชูุฏุนู‰ ู‚ุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุงุชุŸ
06:32
And so I went off after that and joined the Australian Foreign Service,
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุฏ ุงุชุจุนุช ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุงู†ุถู…ู…ุช ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ
06:36
but here is where pride -- before pride, there always comes a fall.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฑูŠุงุกุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ุณู‚ูˆุท ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡.
06:43
So there I am in the embassy in Beijing,
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ูˆู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุจูƒูŠู†
06:45
off to the Great Hall of the People
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ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุตุฑุญ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ
06:47
with our ambassador, who had asked me to interpret for his first meeting
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ู…ุน ุณููŠุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ู„ู‚ุงุฆู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
ููŠ ุตุฑุญ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ.
06:51
in the Great Hall of the People.
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06:53
And so there was I.
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ูˆุญูŠุซ ูƒู†ุช ู‡ู†ุงูƒุŒ
06:54
If you've been to a Chinese meeting, it's a giant horseshoe.
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ู‚ุงุก ุตูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุญุฏูˆุฉ ุญุตุงู† ุถุฎู…ุฉ.
06:57
At the head of the horsehoe are the really serious pooh-bahs,
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ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุฑุฃุณ ุญุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุดุฏูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฉุŒ
07:00
and down the end of the horseshoe are the not-so-serious pooh-bahs,
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุญุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠูŠู†
07:03
the junior woodchucks like me.
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ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุซู„ูŠ.
07:05
And so the ambassador began with this inelegant phrase.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุณููŠุฑ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ู…ู‚ุฉ.
07:08
He said, "China and Australia are currently enjoying a relationship
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ู‚ุงู„: "ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู† ุชุชู…ุชุนุงู† ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
07:13
of unprecedented closeness."
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ู…ุซูŠู„ ู„ู‡".
07:16
And I thought to myself,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ููƒุฑุช ุจุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุŒ
07:18
"That sounds clumsy. That sounds odd.
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"ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุณุฎูŠู ูˆุบุฑูŠุจ.
ุณุฃุญุณู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ."
07:22
I will improve it."
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07:24
Note to file: Never do that.
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ุณุฌู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง: ุฅูŠุงูƒู… ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุชู†ู…ูŠู‚ู‹ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠู‹ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ
07:27
It needed to be a little more elegant, a little more classical,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‚ุฏ ุนุฏู„ุชู‡ุง ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:
07:30
so I rendered it as follows.
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(ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ)
07:32
[In Chinese]
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07:37
There was a big pause on the other side of the room.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงุณุชุบุฑุงุจ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฉ.
07:40
You could see the giant pooh-bahs at the head of the horseshoe,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู‡ุงู… ุงู„ุถุฎู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุฃุณ ุญุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
07:44
the blood visibly draining from their faces,
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ูˆุงู„ุฏู… ูŠุฌุฑูŠ ููŠ ุนุฑูˆู‚ู‡ู…
07:47
and the junior woodchucks at the other end of the horseshoe
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ูˆุงู„ูุฃุฑ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุญุฏูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†
07:50
engaged in peals of unrestrained laughter.
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ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุญูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ูƒุชู…ู‡.
07:53
Because when I rendered his sentence,
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ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุนุฏู„ุช ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉุŒ
"ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู† ุชู…ุชุนุงู† ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
07:55
"Australia and China are enjoying a relationship
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07:57
of unprecedented closeness,"
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ู…ุซูŠู„ ู„ู‡"ุŒ
07:59
in fact, what I said was that Australia and China
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ูููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฃู† ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู†
ุชุชู…ุชุนุงู† ุงู„ุขู† ุจู†ุดูˆุฉ ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ.
08:02
were now experiencing fantastic orgasm.
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08:05
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู† ุฃู‹ุชุฑุฌู….
08:11
That was the last time I was asked to interpret.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉุŒ ุฃู„ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ
08:15
But in that little story, there's a wisdom, which is,
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08:17
as soon as you think you know something about this extraordinary civilization
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ูƒู„ู…ุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุนุฑู ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฐู‡ู„ุฉ
08:21
of 5,000 years of continuing history,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุชุฏ ู„5000 ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
08:23
there's always something new to learn.
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ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุดูŠุก ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุชุชุนู„ู…ู‡.
08:27
History is against us
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ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุถุฏู†ุง
08:29
when it comes to the U.S. and China
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ
08:31
forging a common future together.
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ูŠู‡ูŠุฆุงู† ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู‹ุง ู…ุดุชุฑูƒู‹ุง.
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ
08:34
This guy up here?
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08:35
He's not Chinese and he's not American.
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ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุตูŠู†ูŠู‹ุง ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‹ุง.
08:37
He's Greek. His name's Thucydides.
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ู‡ูˆ ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุณู…ู‡ (ุซูˆุณูŠุฏูŠุฏุณ).
08:39
He wrote the history of the Peloponnesian Wars.
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ู‚ุงู… ุจูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ (ุงู„ุจูŠู„ูˆุจูˆู†ูŠุฒูŠุฉ)
ูˆู‚ุงู… ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุฑุงุฆุนุฉ
08:42
And he made this extraordinary observation
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ุนู† ุฃุซูŠู†ุง ูˆุฃุณุจุฑุทุฉ.
08:45
about Athens and Sparta.
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"ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุตุนูˆุฏ ุฃุซูŠู†ุงูˆุงู„ุฎุดูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุจุฑุทุฉ ู…ู…ุง ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ
08:47
"It was the rise of Athens and the fear that this inspired in Sparta
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08:50
that made war inevitable."
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ู„ุง ู…ูุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง"
ูˆูƒู‹ุชุจ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุชุงุจุงุช ุนู† ู…ุง ูŠุฏุนู‰ ู…ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุซูˆุณูŠุฏูŠุณ.
08:52
And hence, a whole literature about something called the Thucydides Trap.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ูŠูˆู†ุงู†ูŠู‹ุง. ุฅู†ู‡ ุตูŠู†ูŠ.
08:57
This guy here? He's not American and he's not Greek. He's Chinese.
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09:01
His name is Sun Tzu. He wrote "The Art of War,"
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ุงุณู…ู‡ (ุตู† ุชุฒูˆ) ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุชุจ "ูู† ุงู„ุญุฑุจ"
09:03
and if you see his statement underneath, it's along these lines:
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุฑู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฃุณูู„ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุทูˆุฑ:
"ู‡ุงุฌู…ู‡ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุชุนุฏู‹ุง ูˆุงุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชูˆู‚ุนู‹ุง".
09:07
"Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected."
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09:12
Not looking good so far for China and the United States.
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ู„ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง.
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู„ูŠุณ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุŒ ูˆุงุณู…ู‡ (ุฌุฑุงู‡ุงู… ุฃู„ูŠุณูˆู†).
09:16
This guy is an American. His name's Graham Allison.
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09:19
In fact, he's a teacher at the Kennedy School
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุนู„ู… ุจู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ (ูƒูŠู†ุฏูŠ)
09:21
over there in Boston.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููŠ (ุจูˆุณุทู†).
09:23
He's working on a single project at the moment, which is,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฃู„ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ:
09:26
does the Thucydides Trap about the inevitably of war
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ู‡ู„ ู…ุตูŠุฏุฉ (ุซูˆุฏูŠุฏุณ) ุนู† ุนุฏู… ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ
09:29
between rising powers and established great powers
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุตุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู…ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
ุชู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉุŸ
09:32
apply to the future of China-U.S. relations?
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ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุญูˆุฑูŠ.
09:35
It's a core question.
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09:36
And what Graham has done is explore 15 cases in history
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ูˆู…ุง ูุนู„ู‡ ุฌุฑุงู‡ุงู… ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ 15 ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ
09:40
since the 1500s
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ู…ู†ุฐ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑู† 15
09:43
to establish what the precedents are.
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ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
09:45
And in 11 out of 15 of them,
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ูˆููŠ 11 ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„15ุŒ
09:47
let me tell you,
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู…ุŒ
09:49
they've ended in catastrophic war.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุงู†ุชู‡ูˆุง ุจุญุฑุจ ูƒุงุฑุซูŠุฉ.
ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู„: ู„ูƒู† (ูƒูŠููŠ)
09:53
You may say, "But Kevin --
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09:56
or Conqueror of the Classics --
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ุฃูˆ ู‚ุงู‡ุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณูŠูƒูŠุงุช
09:58
that was the past.
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ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ.
10:00
We live now in a world of interdependence and globalization.
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุนูŠุด ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆุงู„ุนูˆู„ู…ุฉ
ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู…ุฌุฏุฏู‹ุง".
10:04
It could never happen again."
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10:05
Guess what?
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ู‡ู„ ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ
10:06
The economic historians tell us that in fact,
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ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุคุฑุฎูˆู† ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠูˆู† ุฃู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
10:09
the time which we reached the greatest point
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ุฃู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ
10:11
of economic integration and globalization
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนูˆู„ู…ุฉ
ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ 1914ุŒ
10:14
was in 1914,
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10:17
just before that happened, World War I,
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ: ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ ู…ูุจูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ.
10:21
a sobering reflection from history.
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10:24
So if we are engaged in this great question
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ู‘ุง ู…ุชูุงุนู„ูŠู† ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
ุนู† ูƒูŠู ุชููƒุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูˆุชุดุนุฑุŒ
10:27
of how China thinks, feels,
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ูˆุชูˆุฌู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
10:30
and positions itself towards the United States,
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10:34
and the reverse,
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ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ
10:35
how do we get to the baseline
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู†ุฌุฏ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ
10:37
of how these two countries and civilizations
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุญุถุงุฑุชูŠู†
10:40
can possibly work together?
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ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู„ุงู† ุจู†ุงุกู‹ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุนู‹ุงุŸ
10:43
Let me first go to, in fact,
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง
ู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ู„ู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ.
10:46
China's views of the U.S. and the rest of the West.
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10:48
Number one: China feels as if it's been humiliated
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง: ุชุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุฃูู‡ูŠู†ุช
10:51
at the hands of the West through a hundred years of history,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุนุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ
10:54
beginning with the Opium Wars.
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ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃููŠูˆู†
10:56
When after that, the Western powers carved China up into little pieces,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุทู‘ุนุช ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุทุน ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ
ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู†ูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ูŠุงุชุŒ
11:00
so that by the time it got to the '20s and '30s,
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11:02
signs like this one appeared on the streets of Shanghai.
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ุธู‡ุฑุช ูŠุงูุทุงุช ู…ุซู„ ุชู„ูƒ ููŠ ุดูˆุงุฑุน (ุดู†ุบู‡ุงูŠ)
11:05
["No dogs and Chinese allowed"]
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("ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูŠู†")
11:06
How would you feel if you were Chinese,
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ูƒูŠู ุชุดุนุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุตูŠู†ูŠู‹ุง
11:08
in your own country, if you saw that sign appear?
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ูˆุชุฑู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูŠุงูุทุฉ ููŠ ุจู„ุฏูƒุŸ
11:11
China also believes and feels
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ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุคู…ู† ูˆุชุดุนุฑ
11:15
as if, in the events of 1919, at the Peace Conference in Paris,
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ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏุงุซ 1919 ูˆู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ููŠ ุจุงุฑูŠุณ
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู… ุชุฌุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆุทู†ุงุช
11:20
when Germany's colonies were given back
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11:21
to all sorts of countries around in the world,
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ูˆุชูˆุฒูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุงุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
11:24
what about German colonies in China?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุตูŠุฑ ุฌูŠูˆุด ุฃู„ู…ุงู†ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŸ
11:25
They were, in fact, given to Japan.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ู…ู†ุญู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ูŠุงุจุงู†.
11:28
When Japan then invaded China in the 1930s
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุบุฒุช ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู†ูŠุงุช
11:32
the world looked away and was indifferent to what would happen to China.
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ู„ู… ูŠู„ุชูุช ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆู„ู… ูŠุนุจุฃ ุจู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู„ุตูŠู†.
ูˆููˆู‚ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู†
11:36
And then, on top of that, the Chinese to this day believe
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ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจ
11:39
that the United States and the West
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11:40
do not accept the legitimacy of their political system
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ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุจู„ูˆู† ุดุฑุนูŠุฉ ู†ุธุงู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ
11:43
because it's so radically different from those of us who come
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู†ู‘ุง ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ูŠู†
11:46
from liberal democracies,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุฉุŒ
11:47
and believe that the United States to this day is seeking
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ูˆูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุชุณุนู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
11:50
to undermine their political system.
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ู„ุฅุณู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ู„ู„ุตูŠู†.
11:52
China also believes that it is being contained
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ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุคู…ู† ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญุงุตุฑุฉ
11:55
by U.S. allies and by those with strategic partnerships with the U.S.
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ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุดุฑูƒุงุฆู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชุฌูŠูŠู†
12:00
right around its periphery.
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ุญูˆู„ ุญุฏูˆุฏู‡ุง.
12:03
And beyond all that, the Chinese have this feeling
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ูˆููˆู‚ ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุงู„ุตูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุดุนูˆุฑ
12:05
in their heart of hearts and in their gut of guts
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ููŠ ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ุง ูˆููŠ ุฃุนู…ุงู‚ ุญุฏุณู‡ุง
12:08
that those of us in the collective West
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ุฃู† ุญู„ูุงุก ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุฃุฌู…ุน
12:13
are just too damned arrogant.
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ู…ุบุฑูˆุฑูˆู† ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุงู„ุบ ููŠู‡ุง.
12:16
That is, we don't recognize the problems in our own system,
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ูู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ู†ุธุงู…ู†ุง
12:20
in our politics and our economics,
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ุฃูˆ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุณูŠุงุณุชู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏู†ุงุŒ
12:22
and are very quick to point the finger elsewhere,
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ูˆู†ุดูŠุฑ ุจุฃุตุงุจุนู†ุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุบูŠุฑู†ุงุŒ
12:25
and believe that, in fact, we in the collective West
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ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑุจ ุฃุฌู…ุนุŒ
12:28
are guilty of a great bunch of hypocrisy.
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ู…ุชู‡ู…ูˆู† ุจุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุขู…ุฑ.
12:32
Of course, in international relations,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ
12:36
it's not just the sound of one hand clapping.
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ู„ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูู‚ุท ุจุตูˆุช ูŠุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตููŠู‚ุŒ
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชูุฏุนู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
12:40
There's another country too, and that's called the U.S.
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12:42
So how does the U.S. respond to all of the above?
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู…ุง ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุณุจู‚ุŸ
ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฑุฏูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
12:45
The U.S. has a response to each of those.
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12:47
On the question of is the U.S. containing China,
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ูููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุญุตุงุฑ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ู„ู„ุตูŠู† ุŒ
12:49
they say, "No, look at the history of the Soviet Union. That was containment."
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ูŠุฑุฏูˆู†: "ู„ุงุŒ ุงู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุชุญุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆููŠุชูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุตุงุฑ"
12:53
Instead, what we have done in the U.S. and the West
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูุนู„ู†ุง ู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจุŒ
12:55
is welcome China into the global economy,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุญุจู†ุง ุจุงู„ุตูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุŒ
12:57
and on top of that, welcome them into the World Trade Organization.
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ูˆููˆู‚ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฑุญุจู†ุง ุจุงู„ุตูŠู† ููŠ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ
13:01
The U.S. and the West say China cheats
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ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจ ูŠุฏุนูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุชูƒุฐุจ
13:03
on the question of intellectual property rights,
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ
13:05
and through cyberattacks on U.S. and global firms.
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ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฌู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
13:09
Furthermore, the United States says that the Chinese political system
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ูˆุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ ุนู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุชุฏุนูŠ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠ
13:13
is fundamentally wrong
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ู…ุคุณุณ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
13:16
because it's at such fundamental variance
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงู
13:19
to the human rights, democracy, and rule of law that we enjoy
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ููŠ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ ูˆุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุชู…ุชุน ุจู‡ ู†ุญู†
13:22
in the U.S. and the collective West.
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ููŠ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆุงู„ุบุฑุจ.
13:25
And on top of all the above, what does the United States say?
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ูˆููˆู‚ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุณุจู‚ ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ุงูŠุถุงู‹ุŸ
13:28
That they fear that China will, when it has sufficient power,
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฎุดูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠุฉ
13:33
establish a sphere of influence in Southeast Asia and wider East Asia,
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ุณุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุดุฑู‚ ุขุณูŠุง ูˆุดุฑู‚ ุขุณูŠุง ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงูˆุณุน
13:37
boot the United States out,
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ูˆุณุชูุฎุฑุฌ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉุŒ
13:39
and in time, when it's powerful enough,
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ูˆุญูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠุญูŠู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ุญูŠู† ุชุตุจุญ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงููŠ
13:41
unilaterally seek to change the rules of the global order.
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ุณุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ูุฑุฏ ุจู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ .
13:45
So apart from all of that, it's just fine and dandy,
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ุจุนูŠุฏุงู‹ุนู† ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ูˆู…ุฑูŠุญ
13:48
the U.S.-China relationship.
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู†.
13:49
No real problems there.
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ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ .
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ููŠ ุนู…ู‚ ู‡ุฐุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุนุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุญุงุณูŠุณ
13:52
The challenge, though, is given those deep-rooted feelings,
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13:56
those deep-rooted emotions and thought patterns,
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ู‡ุฐุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงุนุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ
13:59
what the Chinese call "Sฤซwรฉi," ways of thinking,
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ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุงู„ "ุณูŠูˆูŠุฉ"
ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุตูŠุบ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู„ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู†ุŸ
14:02
how can we craft a basis for a common future between these two?
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14:07
I argue simply this:
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ุญุฌุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ:
14:08
We can do it on the basis on a framework
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุงุณ ุฅุทุงุฑ ุนู…ู„
14:10
of constructive realism for a common purpose.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู‘ู†ู‘ุงุฆุฉุŒ ู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ.
14:15
What do I mean by that?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุŸ
14:17
Be realistic about the things that we disagree on,
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ูƒู† ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุงู‹ ุจุดุฃู† ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ
14:19
and a management approach that doesn't enable
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ูˆุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู„ุง ุชุณู…ุญ
14:21
any one of those differences to break into war or conflict
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ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุฉ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุฃู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุตุฑุงุน ุฃูˆ ุญุฑุจ
14:24
until we've acquired the diplomatic skills to solve them.
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ุญุชู‰ ู†ูƒุชุณุจ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุฏุจู„ูˆู…ุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ู† ุญู„ู‡ุง
14:28
Be constructive in areas of the bilateral, regional and global engagement
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ูƒู† ุจู†ุงุกุงู‹ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ูˆุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ
14:32
between the two,
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู†ุŒ
14:33
which will make a difference for all of humankind.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุณูŠุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงู ู„ู„ุฌู†ุณ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ ูƒู„ู‡.
ู‚ู… ุจุจู†ุงุก ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ููŠ ุขุณูŠุง
14:36
Build a regional institution capable of cooperation in Asia,
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ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุขุณูŠูˆูŠ-ุฃุทู„ู†ุทูŠ
14:40
an Asia-Pacific community.
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ูˆุนุงู„ู…ูŠุงุŒ ุชุตุฑู ูƒู…ุง ูุนู„ุช ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑุฉ
14:42
And worldwide, act further,
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14:44
like you've begun to do at the end of last year
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.
ุจุงู„ู†ุถุงู„ ุถุฏ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฎ
14:47
by striking out against climate change
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14:49
with hands joined together rather than fists apart.
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ุจุฃูŠุงุฏูŠ ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุŒ ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุณูˆุงุนุฏ ู…ุชูุฑู‚ุฉ
14:53
Of course, all that happens if you've got a common mechanism
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ูˆุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฌุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ
14:56
and political will to achieve the above.
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ูˆุฅุฑุงุฏุฉ ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู…ุง ุณุจู‚.
14:58
These things are deliverable.
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ู‡ุฐุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุง
15:01
But the question is, are they deliverable alone?
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูˆุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุจู…ูุฑุฏู‡ู…ุŸ
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุชุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุจู‡ ุนู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจู…ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูุนู„ู‡
15:05
This is what our head tells us we need to do,
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15:07
but what about our heart?
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ู‚ู„ูˆุจู†ุงุŸ
15:09
I have a little experience in the question back home
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู† ู…ูˆุทู†ูŠ
15:12
of how you try to bring together two peoples
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ุนู† ูƒูŠู ุชู‚ุฑุจ ุดุนุจูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹
15:16
who, frankly, haven't had a whole lot in common in the past.
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ูˆุงู„ู„ุฐุงู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุตุฑุงุญุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุงู‹ ููŠู…ุง ู…ุถู‰
15:19
And that's when I apologized to Australia's indigenous peoples.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุญูŠู† ุฃุนุชุฐุฑุช ู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠูŠู†.
15:23
This was a day of reckoning in the Australian government,
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูˆู… ู„ู„ุญุณุจุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุฉ
15:27
the Australian parliament, and for the Australian people.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠ ูˆู„ู„ุดุนุจ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠ.
15:29
After 200 years of unbridled abuse towards the first Australians,
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ูุจุนุฏ 200 ุนุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุนุชุฏุงุก ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ุฌู… ู†ุญูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุงุฆู„
15:34
it was high time that we white folks said we were sorry.
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ุขู†ูŽ ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู†ุŒ ุญูŠู†ู‡ู„ ู„ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุฃุณููˆู† ู„ูƒู….
15:39
The important thing --
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…...
15:41
(Applause)
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ุชุตููŠู‚
15:46
The important thing that I remember is staring in the faces
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ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฅุนุชู„ุช ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆู‡
15:49
of all those from Aboriginal Australia
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ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ู† ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠุฉ
15:51
as they came to listen to this apology.
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ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุฌุงุกูˆุง ู„ูŠุณุชู…ุนูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุนุชุฐุงุฑ
15:54
It was extraordinary to see, for example,
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ุŒ
15:58
old women telling me the stories of when they were five years old
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ุณูŠุฏุงุช ู…ุณู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุณู† ุชุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ู‚ุตุตุงู‹ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ู…
16:02
and literally ripped away from their parents,
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ูˆุฃูุฎุฐูˆุง ุนู†ูˆุฉู‹ ู…ู† ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ู…
16:05
like this lady here.
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ูƒุซู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง.
16:06
It was extraordinary for me to then be able to embrace
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ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงุณุชุทุงุนุชูŠ ุฅุญุชุถุงู†ู‡ู…
16:10
and to kiss Aboriginal elders as they came into the parliament building,
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ูˆุฃู† ุฃูู‚ู‘ุจู„ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูŠูŠู† ุญูŠู†ู…ุง ุฌุงุกูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุจู†ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑู„ู…ุงู† .
16:14
and one woman said to me,
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ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑุชู†ูŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุงุชุŒ
16:16
it's the first time a white fella had ever kissed her in her life,
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ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ุฃู† ูŠูู‚ู‹ู‘ุจู„ู‡ุง ุทูˆุงู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง ุŒ
16:19
and she was over 70.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุชุฎุทุช ุงู„70.
16:21
That's a terrible story.
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ู‡ุฐุฉ ู‚ุตุฉ ูุธูŠุนุฉ
16:23
And then I remember this family saying to me,
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ูˆุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุชุฎุจุฑู†ูŠุŒ
16:26
"You know, we drove all the way from the far North down to Canberra
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"ู‡ู„ ุชุนู„ู…ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ูุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุงูู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆุญุชู‰ (ูƒุงู†ุจุฑุง)
16:30
to come to this thing,
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ุญุชู‰ ู†ุญุถุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏุซ
16:31
drove our way through redneck country.
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ูˆู‚ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ู†ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุจู„ุฏุฉ ุฑูŠุฏู†ูŠูƒ
16:33
On the way back, stopped at a cafe after the apology for a milkshake."
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ูˆููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนูˆุฏุฉุŒ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู‡ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅุนุชุฐุงุฑ ู„ุดุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ูƒ ุดูŠูƒ
16:40
And they walked into this cafe quietly, tentatively, gingerly,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุณุงุฑูˆุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู‡ู‰ ุจู‡ุฏูˆุก ูˆุญุฐุฑ ุŒ
ูˆุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชูˆุชุฑ
16:46
a little anxious.
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16:47
I think you know what I'm talking about.
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ูƒู… ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู† ู…ุง ุงุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡
16:50
But the day after the apology, what happened?
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุฅุนุชุฐุงุฑุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุญุฏุซุŸ
16:53
Everyone in that cafe, every one of the white folks,
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ูƒู„ ู…ู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ู‡ู‰ุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุถุŒ
16:57
stood up and applauded.
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ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ูˆุงู„ุชุตููŠู‚.
17:00
Something had happened in the hearts of these people in Australia.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ุญุฏุซุŒ ููŠ ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง
17:05
The white folks, our Aboriginal brothers and sisters,
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ุงู„ุจูŠุถ ูˆุงู„ุณูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฃุฎูˆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎูˆุงุชุŒ
17:08
and we haven't solved all these problems together,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ู… ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุญู„ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ู…ุนุงู‹
17:11
but let me tell you, there was a new beginning
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ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุจุดูŠุกุŒ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ
17:15
because we had gone not just to the head,
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ูู‚ุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
17:17
we'd gone also to the heart.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฐู‡ุจู†ุง ุงูŠุถุงู‹ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูˆุจ.
17:20
So where does that conclude in terms of the great question
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ุฃูŠู† ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุจู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅุณุชู†ุชุงุฌ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ
17:23
that we've been asked to address this evening,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุจุดุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงุก
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉุŸ
17:25
which is the future of U.S.-China relations?
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17:28
The head says there's a way forward.
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ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚.
17:30
The head says there is a policy framework, there's a common narrative,
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ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ูŠุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฅุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ุตุฉ ู…ุดุชูƒุฉุŒ
17:34
there's a mechanism through regular summitry
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ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ุŒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุคุชู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ
ู„ูุนู„ ู‡ุฐุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุŒ ูˆู„ุฌุนู„ู‡ุง ุฃูุถู„.
17:36
to do these things and to make them better.
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17:38
But the heart must also find a way to reimagine the possibilities
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃู† ูŠุฌุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุช ุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฅุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช
17:43
of the America-China relationship,
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ู„ู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ.
17:45
and the possibilities of China's future engagement in the world.
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ูˆุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู„ุตูŠู† ูƒูŠ ุชุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ .
17:49
Sometimes, folks, we just need to take a leap of faith
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ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุงูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุฃู† ู†ุฎุทูˆ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฅูŠู…ุงู†
17:55
not quite knowing where we might land.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูŠู† ุณุชู‚ู ุฃุฑุฌู„ู†ุง.
17:59
In China, they now talk about the Chinese Dream.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุงู† ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ุญู„ู… ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠ
18:03
In America, we're all familiar with the term "the American Dream."
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ููŠ ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุงุŒ ู†ุญู† ู…ุนุชุงุฏูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ "ุงู„ุญู„ู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ"
18:09
I think it's time, across the world,
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ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุขู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃุฌู…ุนุŒ
18:12
that we're able to think also of something we might also call
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ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฅุณุชุทุงุนุชู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ููƒุฑ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุŒ
18:17
a dream for all humankind.
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ุญู„ู… ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ.
18:23
Because if we do that,
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูุนู„ู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
18:25
we might just change the way
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ
18:27
that we think about each other.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ููƒุฑ ุจู‡ุง ุนู† ุจุนุถู†ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ .
18:35
[In Chinese]
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(ูŠุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ)
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุถุนู‡ ุงู…ุงู… ุงู…ุฑูŠูƒุง. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุถุนู‡ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ุตูŠู†.
18:39
That's my challenge to America. That's my challenge to China.
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18:42
That's my challenge to all of us,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุถุนู‡ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ุŒ
18:44
but I think where there's a will and where there is imagination
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ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ุฅุฑุงุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุทุงู„ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฎูŠู„ุฉุŒ
18:48
we can turn this into a future
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„
18:50
driven by peace and prosperity
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ูŠุณูˆู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุฑุฎุงุก
18:52
and not once again repeat
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ู„ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนูŠุฏ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
18:54
the tragedies of war.
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ู…ุฃุณูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ.
18:56
I thank you.
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ุฃุดูƒุฑูƒู….
(ุชุตููŠู‚)
18:58
(Applause)
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19:03
Chris Anderson: Thanks so much for that. Thanks so much for that.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ ุฃู†ุฏุฑุณูˆู†: ุฃุดูƒุฑูƒ ู„ุฃุฌู„ ู‡ุฐุง.
ูŠูู‡ูŠุฃ ู„ูŠ ุงู†ูƒ ู†ูุณูƒ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฏูˆุฑ ู„ุชู„ุนุจู‡ ููŠ ู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุณุฑ
19:07
It feels like you yourself have a role to play in this bridging.
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19:11
You, in a way, are uniquely placed to speak to both sides.
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ูุฃู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉุŒ ู„ุชุชุญุฏุซ ู„ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† .
ูƒูŠููŠู† ุฑูˆุฏ: ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุง ู†ุฌูŠุฏ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠู† ูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช.
19:16
Kevin Rudd: Well, what we Australians do best is organize the drinks,
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19:19
so you get them together in one room, and we suggest this and suggest that,
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ูุฃู†ุช ุชุญุถุฑู‡ู… ู…ุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุบุฑูุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุชู‚ุชุฑุญ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุชู‚ุชุฑุญ ุฐุงูƒุŒ
19:22
then we go and get the drinks.
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ุซู… ู†ุฐู‡ุจ ู„ู†ุญุถุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุจุงุช.
19:24
But no, look, for all of us who are friends
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ู„ูƒู†ุŒ ุฃู†ุธุฑุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ูƒุฃุตุฏู‚ุงุก
19:26
of these two great countries, America and China,
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ู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฏูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุง ูˆุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ
19:28
you can do something.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชูุนู„ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹.
19:29
You can make a practical contribution,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ.
19:32
and for all you good folks here,
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ูˆู„ูƒู… ุงูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู… ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุงุจู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุดุฎุตุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูŠู†ุŒ
19:34
next time you meet someone from China,
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19:35
sit down and have a conversation.
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ุฃุฌู„ุณ ูˆ ุฃุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุญูˆุงุฑ ู…ุนู‡.
19:37
See what you can find out about where they come from and what they think,
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ุฃู†ุธุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชูƒุชุดูู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฃูŠู† ุฃุชู‰ ูˆููŠ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠููƒุฑุŒ
19:40
and my challenge for all the Chinese folks
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ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุถุนู‡ ุฃู…ุงู… ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
19:42
who are going to watch this TED Talk at some time
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ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุณูˆู ูŠุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ุญุฏูŠุซ (ุชูŠุฏ) ู‡ุฐุง ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏุŒ
ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูŠูุนู„ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก.
19:45
is do the same.
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19:47
Two of us seeking to change the world can actually make a huge difference.
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ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ู†ู‘ุง ูŠุฑุบุจูˆู† ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุตู†ุนูˆุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹.
19:51
Those of us up the middle, we can make a small contribution.
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ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุตู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹.
19:54
CA: Kevin, all power to you, my friend. Thank you.
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ูƒุฑูŠุณ: ู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุดูƒุฑุŒ ุตุฏูŠู‚ูŠ.
19:56
KR: Thank you. Thank you, folks.
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ูƒูŠููŠู†:ุฃุดูƒุฑูƒุŒ ูˆุฃุดูƒุฑูƒู… ุงูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุถูˆุฑ.
19:58
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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