Are China and the US doomed to conflict? | Kevin Rudd

3,088,394 views ใƒป 2015-04-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
G'day, my name's Kevin.
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ื™ื•ืžื˜ื•ื‘, ืฉืžื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ.
00:14
I'm from Australia. I'm here to help.
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ืื ื™ ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”. ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
00:17
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:20
Tonight, I want to talk about a tale of two cities.
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ื”ืขืจื‘ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื.
00:24
One of those cities is called Washington, and the other is called Beijing.
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ืื—ืช ืžืขืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืงืจืืช ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ืŸ
00:30
Because how these two capitals shape their future
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ืŸ
00:36
and the future of the United States and the future of China
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ื•ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ
00:39
doesn't just affect those two countries,
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ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื•,
00:41
it affects all of us
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
00:43
in ways, perhaps, we've never thought of:
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืฉืื•ืœื™, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ:
00:46
the air we breathe, the water we drink,
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ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืชื™ื,
00:51
the fish we eat, the quality of our oceans,
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ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
00:54
the languages we speak in the future,
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ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
00:57
the jobs we have, the political systems we choose,
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ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื,
01:00
and, of course, the great questions of war and peace.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื.
01:06
You see that bloke? He's French.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ื–ื”? ื”ื•ื ืฆืจืคืชื™.
01:09
His name is Napoleon.
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ืฉืžื• ื ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืŸ.
01:11
A couple of hundred years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
01:12
he made this extraordinary projection:
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ื” ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”:
01:15
"China is a sleeping lion, and when she awakes,
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"ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืืจื™ื” ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืชืขื•ืจืจ
01:17
the world will shake."
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืจืขื“."
01:19
Napoleon got a few things wrong;
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ื ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื;
01:22
he got this one absolutely right.
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ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
01:24
Because China is today not just woken up,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื”,
01:29
China has stood up and China is on the march,
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ืกื™ืŸ ืงืžื” ื•ืกื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืขื“ืช,
01:32
and the question for us all
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•
01:34
is where will China go
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ื”ื™ื ืœืืŸ ืกื™ืŸ ืชืœืš
01:36
and how do we engage this giant of the 21st century?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื ืง ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21?
01:43
You start looking at the numbers, they start to confront you in a big way.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืืชื›ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
01:47
It's projected that China will become,
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ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืชื”ืคื•ืš
01:50
by whichever measure -- PPP, market exchange rates --
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ื” -- PPP , ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืง,
01:53
the largest economy in the world
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:55
over the course of the decade ahead.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
01:58
They're already the largest trading nation,
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:00
already the largest exporting nation,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:02
already the largest manufacturing nation,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:04
and they're also the biggest emitters of carbon in the world.
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ื•ื”ื ื’ื ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
02:08
America comes second.
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
02:11
So if China does become the world's largest economy,
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ืื– ืื ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
02:16
think about this:
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš:
02:18
It'll be the first time
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ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
02:21
since this guy was on the throne of England --
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ืžืื– ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืก ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” --
02:26
George III, not a good friend of Napoleon's --
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ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืœื ื—ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืŸ -
02:29
that in the world we will have as the largest economy
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ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:35
a non-English speaking country,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช,
02:37
a non-Western country,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื-ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช,
02:39
a non-liberal democratic country.
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช
02:42
And if you don't think that's going to affect
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ื•ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข
02:44
the way in which the world happens in the future,
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
02:47
then personally, I think you've been smoking something,
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ืื– ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืขื™ืฉื ืชื ืžืฉื”ื•,
02:50
and it doesn't mean you're from Colorado.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ืžืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื•.
02:54
So in short, the question we have tonight is,
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ืื– ื‘ืงืฆืจื”, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื,
02:57
how do we understand this mega-change,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื”-ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
03:00
which I believe to be the biggest change for the first half of the 21st century?
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ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื” -21?
03:05
It'll affect so many things.
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ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
03:08
It will go to the absolute core.
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ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“ื•ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืœืœื™ื‘ื”.
03:10
It's happening quietly. It's happening persistently.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜. ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™.
03:12
It's happening in some senses under the radar,
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื“ืืจ,
03:15
as we are all preoccupied with
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ืขืกื•ืงื™ื
03:17
what's going in Ukraine, what's going on in the Middle East,
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
03:19
what's going on with ISIS, what's going on with ISIL,
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื“ืืขืฉ, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืกืœืืžื™ืช,
03:22
what's happening with the future of our economies.
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:25
This is a slow and quiet revolution.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืฉืงื˜ื”.
03:29
And with a mega-change comes also a mega-challenge,
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ื•ืขื ืžื’ื”-ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืžื’ื”-ืืชื’ืจ,
03:35
and the mega-challenge is this:
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ื•ื”ืžื’ื”-ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”:
03:37
Can these two great countries,
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื ื” ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื•,
03:39
China and the United States --
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ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช --
03:41
China,
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ืกื™ืŸ,
03:47
the Middle Kingdom,
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ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื”,
03:49
and the United States,
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ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
03:54
Mฤ›iguรณ --
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ืžื™ื™ื’ื•ืื• --
03:57
which in Chinese, by the way, means "the beautiful country."
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ืฉื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช, ืื’ื‘, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• "ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืคื”."
04:00
Think about that -- that's the name that China has given this country
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื–ื” ื”ืฉื ืฉืกื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื–ื•
04:04
for more than a hundred years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื.
04:06
Whether these two great civilizations, these two great countries,
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ื”ืื ืฉืชื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื•,
04:09
can in fact carve out a common future
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืกืœื•ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
04:14
for themselves and for the world?
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ืœืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืœืขื•ืœื?
04:16
In short, can we carve out a future
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ื‘ืงืฆืจื”, ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืœื•ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœืขืชื™ื“
04:19
which is peaceful and mutually prosperous,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื• ื•ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช,
04:23
or are we looking at a great challenge
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืืชื’ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:24
of war or peace?
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ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื• ืฉืœื•ื?
04:27
And I have 15 minutes to work through war or peace,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื• ืฉืœื•ื
04:29
which is a little less time
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ
04:33
than they gave this guy to write a book called "War and Peace."
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ืžืฉื ืชื ื• ืœืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื "ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื."
04:38
People ask me, why is it that a kid growing up in rural Australia
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉื™ืœื“ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช
04:42
got interested in learning Chinese?
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืกื™ื ื™ืช?
04:44
Well, there are two reasons for that.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš.
04:46
Here's the first of them.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ.
04:47
That's Betsy the cow.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื˜ืกื™ ื”ืคืจื”.
04:49
Now, Betsy the cow was one of a herd of dairy cattle
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ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื˜ืกื™ ื”ืคืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืžืขื“ืจ ืคืจื•ืช ืœื—ืœื‘
04:53
that I grew up with on a farm in rural Australia.
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ืฉื’ื“ืœืชื™ ืืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช.
04:57
See those hands there? These are not built for farming.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื? ื”ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื•ืื•ืช.
05:00
So very early on, I discovered that in fact, working in a farm
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ืื– ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžืื•ื“, ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื”
05:04
was not designed for me, and China was a very safe remove
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ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื—ืงื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”
05:07
from any career in Australian farm life.
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ืžืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
05:10
Here's the second reason.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
05:12
That's my mom.
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05:12
Anyone here ever listen to what their mom told them to do?
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ื–ื• ืืžื ืฉืœื™.
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืื™ ืคืขื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืžื• ืืžืจื” ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
05:15
Everyone ever do what their mom told them to do?
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขืฉื” ืื™ ืคืขื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืžื• ืืžืจื” ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
05:18
I rarely did,
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ืื ื™, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื,
05:20
but what my mom said to me was,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžื™ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ื”ื™ื”,
05:22
one day, she handed me a newspaper,
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื™ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ,
05:25
a headline which said, here we have a huge change.
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ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืืžืจื”, ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื.
05:30
And that change is China entering the United Nations.
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ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช
05:36
1971, I had just turned 14 years of age,
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1971, ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืžืœืื• ืœื™ 14,
05:39
and she handed me this headline.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื•.
05:41
And she said, "Understand this, learn this,
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ื•ืืžืจื”: " ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”, ืชืœืžื“ ืืช ื–ื”,
05:43
because it's going to affect your future."
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœืš."
05:46
So being a very good student of history,
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ืื– ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
05:50
I decided that the best thing for me to do was, in fact,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”
05:53
to go off and learn Chinese.
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ืœืœื›ืช ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืกื™ื ื™ืช.
05:55
The great thing about learning Chinese
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืกื™ื ื™ืช
05:57
is that your Chinese teacher gives you a new name.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืœืกื™ื ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ืฉื ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:00
And so they gave me this name:
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ื•ื›ืš,ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื”:
06:03
Kรจ, which means to overcome or to conquer,
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ืงื”, ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•, ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ,
06:08
and Wรฉn, and that's the character for literature or the arts.
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ื•-ื•ื•ืŸ, ืฉื–ื• ื”ืื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืื• ื”ืืžื ื•ืช
06:13
Kรจ Wรฉn, Conqueror of the Classics.
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ืงื” ื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช.
06:17
Any of you guys called "Kevin"?
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ื ืงืจื "ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ"?
06:20
It's a major lift from being called Kevin to be called Conqueror of the Classics.
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ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืœื”ื™ืงืจื ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืœื”ื™ืงืจื "ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช."
06:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:25
I've been called Kevin all my life.
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ื ืงืจืืชื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™,
06:27
Have you been called Kevin all your life?
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ื”ืื ื ืงืจืืชื ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื›ื?
06:29
Would you prefer to be called Conqueror of the Classics?
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ื”ืื ืชืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœื”ื™ืงืจื "ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช"?
06:32
And so I went off after that and joined the Australian Foreign Service,
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืชื™ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™,
06:36
but here is where pride -- before pride, there always comes a fall.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื’ืื•ื•ื” -- ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื”, ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื” ื ืคื™ืœื”.
06:43
So there I am in the embassy in Beijing,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ืŸ,
06:45
off to the Great Hall of the People
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœ"ืื•ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื"
06:47
with our ambassador, who had asked me to interpret for his first meeting
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ืขื ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืœืชืจื’ื ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•
06:51
in the Great Hall of the People.
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ื‘"ืื•ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื."
06:53
And so there was I.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื ื™.
06:54
If you've been to a Chinese meeting, it's a giant horseshoe.
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ืกื™ื ื™, ื–ื• ืคืจืกื” ืขื ืงื™ืช,
06:57
At the head of the horsehoe are the really serious pooh-bahs,
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ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืคืจืกื” ื™ืฉื ื ื”ื‘ื™ื’ ืฉื•ื˜ืก ืžืžืฉ,
07:00
and down the end of the horseshoe are the not-so-serious pooh-bahs,
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ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืคืจืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ื’-ืฉื•ื˜ืก ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื,
07:03
the junior woodchucks like me.
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ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
07:05
And so the ambassador began with this inelegant phrase.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ืคืชื— ืขื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
07:08
He said, "China and Australia are currently enjoying a relationship
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื
07:13
of unprecedented closeness."
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ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื."
07:16
And I thought to myself,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™,
07:18
"That sounds clumsy. That sounds odd.
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"ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ, ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื•ื–ืจ.
07:22
I will improve it."
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ืื ื™ ืืฉืคืจ ืืช ื–ื”."
07:24
Note to file: Never do that.
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ื”ืขืจื” ืœืชื™ืง: ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
07:27
It needed to be a little more elegant, a little more classical,
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™, ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœืืกื™,
07:30
so I rendered it as follows.
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ืื– ืžืกืจืชื™ ื–ืืช ื›ืš.
07:32
[In Chinese]
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(ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช)
07:37
There was a big pause on the other side of the room.
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ื”ืฉืชืจืจื” ืฉืชื™ืงื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจ .
07:40
You could see the giant pooh-bahs at the head of the horseshoe,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื’ ืฉื•ื˜ืก ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืคืจืกื”,
07:44
the blood visibly draining from their faces,
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ืžื—ื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื,
07:47
and the junior woodchucks at the other end of the horseshoe
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื”ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืกื”
07:50
engaged in peals of unrestrained laughter.
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ืžืชืคื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืžืฆื—ื•ืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืจื•ืกืŸ.
07:53
Because when I rendered his sentence,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœื•,
07:55
"Australia and China are enjoying a relationship
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"ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืŸ ื ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื
07:57
of unprecedented closeness,"
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ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื,"
07:59
in fact, what I said was that Australia and China
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ืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืืžืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืŸ
08:02
were now experiencing fantastic orgasm.
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ื—ื•ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื•ืจื’ื–ืžื” ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ืช.
08:05
(Laughter)
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{ืฆื—ื•ืง}
08:11
That was the last time I was asked to interpret.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœืชืจื’ื.
08:15
But in that little story, there's a wisdom, which is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื,
08:17
as soon as you think you know something about this extraordinary civilization
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื–ื•
08:21
of 5,000 years of continuing history,
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ืฉืœ 5000 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช,
08:23
there's always something new to learn.
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ื™ืฉ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“.
08:27
History is against us
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื ื’ื“ื ื•
08:29
when it comes to the U.S. and China
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ืกื™ืŸ
08:31
forging a common future together.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ืฉืœืช ืขืชื™ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื™ื—ื“
08:34
This guy up here?
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ืื“ื ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ?
08:35
He's not Chinese and he's not American.
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ืื™ื ื• ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืœื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
08:37
He's Greek. His name's Thucydides.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื•ืฉืžื• ืชื•ืงื™ื“ื™ื“ืก.
08:39
He wrote the history of the Peloponnesian Wars.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืœืคื•ื ืกื™ื•ืช.
08:42
And he made this extraordinary observation
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืื‘ื—ื ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื•
08:45
about Athens and Sparta.
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ืขืœ ืืชื•ื ื” ื•ืกืคืจื˜ื”.
08:47
"It was the rise of Athens and the fear that this inspired in Sparta
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" ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืชื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื˜ื”
08:50
that made war inevitable."
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ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช."
08:52
And hence, a whole literature about something called the Thucydides Trap.
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ื•ืžื›ืืŸ, ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืชื•ืงื™ื“ื™ื“ืก.
08:57
This guy here? He's not American and he's not Greek. He's Chinese.
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ? ื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™. ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื ื™.
09:01
His name is Sun Tzu. He wrote "The Art of War,"
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ื“ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืืช "ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”,"
09:03
and if you see his statement underneath, it's along these lines:
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื”ืจืชื• ืžืชื—ืช, ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืžืจืช:
09:07
"Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected."
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"ื”ืชืงื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื."
09:12
Not looking good so far for China and the United States.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื“ ื›ื”, ืœืกื™ืŸ ื•ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
09:16
This guy is an American. His name's Graham Allison.
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ืื“ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™. ืฉืžื• ื’ืจื”ื ืืœื™ืกื•ืŸ.
09:19
In fact, he's a teacher at the Kennedy School
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ื‘"ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืงื ื“ื™"
09:21
over there in Boston.
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ืฉื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
09:23
He's working on a single project at the moment, which is,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ื“ ื›ืจื’ืข, ืฉื”ื•ื,
09:26
does the Thucydides Trap about the inevitably of war
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ื”ืื ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืชื•ืงื™ื“ื™ื“ืก ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช
09:29
between rising powers and established great powers
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช
09:32
apply to the future of China-U.S. relations?
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ืชื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืกื™ืŸ - ืืจื”"ื‘?
09:35
It's a core question.
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ื–ื• ืฉืืœืช ืœื™ื‘ื”.
09:36
And what Graham has done is explore 15 cases in history
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื”ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ 15 ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
09:40
since the 1500s
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ืžืื– 1500
09:43
to establish what the precedents are.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื”ื ื”ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™ื
09:45
And in 11 out of 15 of them,
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ื•-11 ืžืชื•ืš 15 ืžื”ื,
09:47
let me tell you,
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื,
09:49
they've ended in catastrophic war.
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ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื•ืจืื”
09:53
You may say, "But Kevin --
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ, "ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ --
09:56
or Conqueror of the Classics --
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ืื• ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืงื•ืช --
09:58
that was the past.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
10:00
We live now in a world of interdependence and globalization.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
10:04
It could never happen again."
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘."
10:05
Guess what?
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ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”?
10:06
The economic historians tell us that in fact,
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ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”,
10:09
the time which we reached the greatest point
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ื
10:11
of economic integration and globalization
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
10:14
was in 1914,
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘-1914,
10:17
just before that happened, World War I,
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืคืจืฆื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”-I,
10:21
a sobering reflection from history.
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ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ืžืคื›ื—ืช ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
10:24
So if we are engaged in this great question
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื–ื•
10:27
of how China thinks, feels,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื”,
10:30
and positions itself towards the United States,
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ื•ืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
10:34
and the reverse,
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ื•ื”ื”ืคืš,
10:35
how do we get to the baseline
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืงื• ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”
10:37
of how these two countries and civilizations
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•
10:40
can possibly work together?
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“?
10:43
Let me first go to, in fact,
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืืœ, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
10:46
China's views of the U.S. and the rest of the West.
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ืœื“ืขื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืขืจื‘.
10:48
Number one: China feels as if it's been humiliated
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ืžืก. 1: ืกื™ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉืคืœื”
10:51
at the hands of the West through a hundred years of history,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
10:54
beginning with the Opium Wars.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ื•ื.
10:56
When after that, the Western powers carved China up into little pieces,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืคืจืกื• ืืช ืกื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ืกื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
11:00
so that by the time it got to the '20s and '30s,
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ื›ืš ืฉืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”-20 ื•ื”-30,
11:02
signs like this one appeared on the streets of Shanghai.
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ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืื™.
11:05
["No dogs and Chinese allowed"]
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[" ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืกื™ื ื™ื"]
11:06
How would you feel if you were Chinese,
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืกื™ื ื™ื,
11:08
in your own country, if you saw that sign appear?
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ื‘ืืจืฆื›ื, ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื?
11:11
China also believes and feels
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ืกื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื”
11:15
as if, in the events of 1919, at the Peace Conference in Paris,
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ืฉื‘ืืจื•ืขื™ 1919 ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืก,
11:20
when Germany's colonies were given back
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ื›ืฉืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจื•
11:21
to all sorts of countries around in the world,
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
11:24
what about German colonies in China?
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ?
11:25
They were, in fact, given to Japan.
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ื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื™ืคืŸ.
11:28
When Japan then invaded China in the 1930s
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืคืœืฉื” ืœืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” -1930
11:32
the world looked away and was indifferent to what would happen to China.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื™ื˜ ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื™ืฉ ืœืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื” ืœืกื™ืŸ.
11:36
And then, on top of that, the Chinese to this day believe
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื
11:39
that the United States and the West
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ืฉืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืจื‘
11:40
do not accept the legitimacy of their political system
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ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื
11:43
because it's so radically different from those of us who come
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืœ ืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื
11:46
from liberal democracies,
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ืžื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื•ืช,
11:47
and believe that the United States to this day is seeking
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ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื
11:50
to undermine their political system.
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ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
11:52
China also believes that it is being contained
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ืกื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ
11:55
by U.S. allies and by those with strategic partnerships with the U.S.
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ื’ื ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
12:00
right around its periphery.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”
12:03
And beyond all that, the Chinese have this feeling
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืกื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•
12:05
in their heart of hearts and in their gut of guts
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ื‘ืœื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืžืงื” ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื
12:08
that those of us in the collective West
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ืฉืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
12:13
are just too damned arrogant.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“.
12:16
That is, we don't recognize the problems in our own system,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฆืžื”,
12:20
in our politics and our economics,
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ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•,
12:22
and are very quick to point the finger elsewhere,
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืฆื‘ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ,
12:25
and believe that, in fact, we in the collective West
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ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
12:28
are guilty of a great bunch of hypocrisy.
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ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช.
12:32
Of course, in international relations,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
12:36
it's not just the sound of one hand clapping.
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื™ืืช ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ ืื—ืช.
12:40
There's another country too, and that's called the U.S.
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื’ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ืืจื”"ื‘.
12:42
So how does the U.S. respond to all of the above?
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ืื– ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื” ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ?
12:45
The U.S. has a response to each of those.
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ืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื”.
12:47
On the question of is the U.S. containing China,
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืจืกื ืช ืืช ืกื™ืŸ,
12:49
they say, "No, look at the history of the Soviet Union. That was containment."
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืœื, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ."
12:53
Instead, what we have done in the U.S. and the West
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ืชื—ืช ื–ืืช, ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื‘
12:55
is welcome China into the global economy,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
12:57
and on top of that, welcome them into the World Trade Organization.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
13:01
The U.S. and the West say China cheats
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืกื™ืŸ ืžืจืžื”
13:03
on the question of intellectual property rights,
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™,
13:05
and through cyberattacks on U.S. and global firms.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
13:09
Furthermore, the United States says that the Chinese political system
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช.
13:13
is fundamentally wrong
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ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื” ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื”
13:16
because it's at such fundamental variance
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื”
13:19
to the human rights, democracy, and rule of law that we enjoy
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ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื, ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉืื ื• ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžื ื•
13:22
in the U.S. and the collective West.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
13:25
And on top of all the above, what does the United States say?
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ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื•ืžืจืช?
13:28
That they fear that China will, when it has sufficient power,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืกื™ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
13:33
establish a sphere of influence in Southeast Asia and wider East Asia,
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ืชืงื™ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืืกื™ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:37
boot the United States out,
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ืชื‘ืขื˜ ืืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
13:39
and in time, when it's powerful enough,
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ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื” ื“ื™ื”,
13:41
unilaterally seek to change the rules of the global order.
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ืชื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
13:45
So apart from all of that, it's just fine and dandy,
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ืื– ืžืœื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื™ืื” ื•ื ืื”,
13:48
the U.S.-China relationship.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืกื™ืŸ
13:49
No real problems there.
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
13:52
The challenge, though, is given those deep-rooted feelings,
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ, ืื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื, ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืืœื”,
13:56
those deep-rooted emotions and thought patterns,
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ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
13:59
what the Chinese call "Sฤซwรฉi," ways of thinking,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• "ืกื™ื•ื•ื™" ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
14:02
how can we craft a basis for a common future between these two?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืืœื•?
14:07
I argue simply this:
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืš:
14:08
We can do it on the basis on a framework
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืกื’ืจืช
14:10
of constructive realism for a common purpose.
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ืฉืœ ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
14:15
What do I mean by that?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš?
14:17
Be realistic about the things that we disagree on,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื,
14:19
and a management approach that doesn't enable
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ื•ื’ื™ืฉืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช
14:21
any one of those differences to break into war or conflict
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ืœืžื™ ืžื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืื• ืœืขื™ืžื•ืช
14:24
until we've acquired the diplomatic skills to solve them.
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื.
14:28
Be constructive in areas of the bilateral, regional and global engagement
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™-ืœื˜ืจืœื™ืช ื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
14:32
between the two,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื,
14:33
which will make a difference for all of humankind.
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ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
14:36
Build a regional institution capable of cooperation in Asia,
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืกื™ื”,
14:40
an Asia-Pacific community.
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ืงื”ื™ืœืช ืืกื™ื”-ืคืกื™ืคื™ืง.
14:42
And worldwide, act further,
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ื•ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ,
14:44
like you've begun to do at the end of last year
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
14:47
by striking out against climate change
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื
14:49
with hands joined together rather than fists apart.
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืคื™ื ืžื•ื ืคื™ื
14:53
Of course, all that happens if you've got a common mechanism
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
14:56
and political will to achieve the above.
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ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช.
14:58
These things are deliverable.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ืจื™-ืžืกื™ืจื”
15:01
But the question is, are they deliverable alone?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื”ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžืกื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื“?
15:05
This is what our head tells us we need to do,
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
15:07
but what about our heart?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื•?
15:09
I have a little experience in the question back home
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืขื˜ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช
15:12
of how you try to bring together two peoples
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืขืžื™ื
15:16
who, frankly, haven't had a whole lot in common in the past.
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
15:19
And that's when I apologized to Australia's indigenous peoples.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื ืฆืœืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
15:23
This was a day of reckoning in the Australian government,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ืช,
15:27
the Australian parliament, and for the Australian people.
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ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™, ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™.
15:29
After 200 years of unbridled abuse towards the first Australians,
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ืื—ืจื™ 200 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืจื•ืกื ืช ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
15:34
it was high time that we white folks said we were sorry.
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื•, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื.
15:39
The important thing --
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ -
15:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:46
The important thing that I remember is staring in the faces
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื
15:49
of all those from Aboriginal Australia
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืจื™ื’'ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื
15:51
as they came to listen to this apology.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช ื–ื•.
15:54
It was extraordinary to see, for example,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ,
15:58
old women telling me the stories of when they were five years old
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ื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืช 5
16:02
and literally ripped away from their parents,
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืงืจืขื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื
16:05
like this lady here.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ืืช ื›ืืŸ.
16:06
It was extraordinary for me to then be able to embrace
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืง
16:10
and to kiss Aboriginal elders as they came into the parliament building,
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ื•ืœื ืฉืง ื–ืงื ื™ื ืื‘ื•ืจื™ื’'ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜,
16:14
and one woman said to me,
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ื•ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืืžืจื” ืœื™,
16:16
it's the first time a white fella had ever kissed her in her life,
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉืง ืื•ืชื”,
16:19
and she was over 70.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -70.
16:21
That's a terrible story.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื•ืจื.
16:23
And then I remember this family saying to me,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืืžืจื” ืœื™
16:26
"You know, we drove all the way from the far North down to Canberra
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"ื ืกืขื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืžื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืœืงื ื‘ืจื”
16:30
to come to this thing,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
16:31
drove our way through redneck country.
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ื ื”ื’ื ื• ื“ืจืš ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื–ืขื ื™ื™ื.
16:33
On the way back, stopped at a cafe after the apology for a milkshake."
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืฆืจื ื• ื‘ืงืคื” ืœืžื™ืœืงืฉื™ื™ืง, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช
16:40
And they walked into this cafe quietly, tentatively, gingerly,
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ื•ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืงืคื” ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜, ื‘ื”ื™ืกื•ืก ื•ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
16:46
a little anxious.
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ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื.
16:47
I think you know what I'm talking about.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
16:50
But the day after the apology, what happened?
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช ืžื” ืงืจื”?
16:53
Everyone in that cafe, every one of the white folks,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืงืคื” ื”ื”ื•ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื
16:57
stood up and applauded.
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ืงืžื• ื•ื”ืจื™ืขื•.
17:00
Something had happened in the hearts of these people in Australia.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”.
17:05
The white folks, our Aboriginal brothers and sisters,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ืื—ื™ื ื• ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืจื™ื’ืณื™ื ื™ื,
17:08
and we haven't solved all these problems together,
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ื•ืœื ืคืชืจื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•,
17:11
but let me tell you, there was a new beginning
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
17:15
because we had gone not just to the head,
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ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืจืง ืœืจืืฉ,
17:17
we'd gone also to the heart.
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ื’ื ืœืœื‘.
17:20
So where does that conclude in terms of the great question
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ืื– ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
17:23
that we've been asked to address this evening,
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ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘,
17:25
which is the future of U.S.-China relations?
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืกื™ืŸ?
17:28
The head says there's a way forward.
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ื”ืจืืฉ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
17:30
The head says there is a policy framework, there's a common narrative,
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ื”ืจืืฉ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
17:34
there's a mechanism through regular summitry
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ื™ืฉ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืคืกื’ื”
17:36
to do these things and to make them better.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:38
But the heart must also find a way to reimagine the possibilities
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
17:43
of the America-China relationship,
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ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื”-ืกื™ืŸ,
17:45
and the possibilities of China's future engagement in the world.
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ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
17:49
Sometimes, folks, we just need to take a leap of faith
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืงืคื™ืฆืช ืืžื•ื ื”
17:55
not quite knowing where we might land.
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืช.
17:59
In China, they now talk about the Chinese Dream.
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ "ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™."
18:03
In America, we're all familiar with the term "the American Dream."
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™".
18:09
I think it's time, across the world,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
18:12
that we're able to think also of something we might also call
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื ื•ืชื• ื’ื
18:17
a dream for all humankind.
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ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
18:23
Because if we do that,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช
18:25
we might just change the way
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ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš
18:27
that we think about each other.
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ื‘ื” ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
18:35
[In Chinese]
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(ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช)
18:39
That's my challenge to America. That's my challenge to China.
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ื–ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”. ื–ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœืกื™ืŸ.
18:42
That's my challenge to all of us,
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ื–ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•,
18:44
but I think where there's a will and where there is imagination
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ
18:48
we can turn this into a future
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“
18:50
driven by peace and prosperity
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ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’
18:52
and not once again repeat
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ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ
18:54
the tragedies of war.
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ืขืœ ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
18:56
I thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”
18:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:03
Chris Anderson: Thanks so much for that. Thanks so much for that.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”.
19:07
It feels like you yourself have a role to play in this bridging.
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ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืš ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื”.
19:11
You, in a way, are uniquely placed to speak to both sides.
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ืืชื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
19:16
Kevin Rudd: Well, what we Australians do best is organize the drinks,
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ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืจืื“: ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืื•ืช,
19:19
so you get them together in one room, and we suggest this and suggest that,
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
19:22
then we go and get the drinks.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืื•ืช.
19:24
But no, look, for all of us who are friends
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื, ืชืจืื•, ืœื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
19:26
of these two great countries, America and China,
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ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืกื™ืŸ,
19:28
you can do something.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื•.
19:29
You can make a practical contribution,
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ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื›ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช,
19:32
and for all you good folks here,
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ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
19:34
next time you meet someone from China,
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืกื™ืŸ,
19:35
sit down and have a conversation.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื ื”ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื”.
19:37
See what you can find out about where they come from and what they think,
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ืชืจืื• ืžื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืžืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
19:40
and my challenge for all the Chinese folks
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ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื
19:42
who are going to watch this TED Talk at some time
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ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช TED ื–ื• ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื•
19:45
is do the same.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
19:47
Two of us seeking to change the world can actually make a huge difference.
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ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื.
19:51
Those of us up the middle, we can make a small contribution.
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ืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ื•ืš, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืชืจื•ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
19:54
CA: Kevin, all power to you, my friend. Thank you.
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ื›.ื.: ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ื™ื™ืฉืจ ื›ื•ื—, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
19:56
KR: Thank you. Thank you, folks.
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ืง.ืจ.: ืชื•ื“ื”, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื,
19:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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