What happens to your body at the top of Mount Everest - Andrew Lovering

Translator: Durdona Valikulova Reviewer: Dilnoza Nishanova

If someone teleported from sea level to the top of Mt. Everest,

Agar kimdir dengiz sathidan birdan Everestning tepasiga olib chiqilganida,

things would go bad fast.

ko’p narsalar tezlikda yomonlashib ketar edi.

At an altitude of 8,848 meters,

8848 metr balandlikda

barometric pressure is approximately 33% of what it is at sea level.

atmosfera bosimi dengiz sathidagi bosimning taxminan 33% ini tashkil qiladi.

This means there's significantly less oxygen in the air,

Bu u yerda ancha kam kislorod borligini bildiradi

and our teleported individual would likely suffocate in minutes.

va tepaga olib chiqilgan odam bir necha daqiqa ichida bo’g’ilib o’lishi mumkin.

However, for people that make this same journey over the course of a month,

Ammo, ushbu sayohatni bir oy davomida amalga oshirgan kishilar

it's possible to survive at the peak for hours.

cho’qqida bir necha soat tirik qolishlari mumkin.

So what can happen to our bodies in just one month

Xo’sh, bir oy ichida bunday balandlikka

that allows us to endure this incredible altitude?

chidash uchun tanamizda nimalar sodir bo’ladi?

Let’s imagine you’re one of the 5.8 billion people

Tasavvur qiling, siz dengiz sathidan 500 metrdan kam bo’lgan balandlikda

living less than 500 meters above sea level.

yashovchi 5.8 milliard insonlardan birisiz.

When you take a breath at this altitude,

Bunday balandlikda nafas olganingizda

your lungs fill up with air composed of numerous gases and compounds.

o’pkangiz turli gazlardan tashkil topgan havo bilan to’ladi.

Most important among these are oxygen molecules,

Bulardan eng muhimi kislorod molekulalari bo’lib,

which bind to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.

ular qizil qon tanachalaridagi gemoglobinga birikadi.

Blood then circulates throughout your body,

Qon butun tana bo’ylab aylanadi

bringing essential oxygen to all your cells.

va zaruriy kislorodni barcha hujayralarga yetkazadi.

But as altitude increases, the air starts to get thinner.

Lekin balandlik oshgani sari, havo siyraklasha boshlaydi.

The relative amounts of each compound remain the same

Har bir birikmaning nisbiy miqdori atmosferaning yuqori qismida

well into the upper atmosphere,

bir xil bo’lib qoladi,

but overall, there is less oxygen for our bodies to absorb.

lekin tanamiz o’ziga olishi uchun zarur bo’lgan kislorod miqdori kamayadi.

And if you ascend to altitudes above 2,500 meters,

Agar siz 2500 metrdan yuqori balandlikka ko’tarilsangiz,

the resulting oxygen deprivation can cause a form of altitude sickness

kislorod tanqisligi AMS deb tanilgan balandlik kasalligiga

known as AMS,

uchrashingiz mumkin,

often causing headaches, fatigue and nausea.

bu ko’pincha bosh og’rig’i, charchoq va ko’ngil aynishni keltirib chiqaradi.

Fortunately, AMS only happens when we ascend too fast,

Yaxshiyamki, AMS juda tezlikda yuqoriga harakatlangandagina sodir bo’ladi,

because our bodies have numerous ways of adapting to high altitudes.

chunki tanamiz bir necha usullar orqali balandlikka moslasha oladi.

Within minutes or even seconds of reaching altitudes of 1,500 meters,

1500 metr balandlikka chiqqandan song, bir necha daqiqa, hattoki soniyalar ichida

carotid chemoreceptors in your neck sense your blood’s low oxygen pressure.

bo’yindagi karotid kimyoviy retseptorlar tanadagi past kislorod bosimini sezishadi.

This triggers a response that increases the rate and depth of your breathing

Bu esa kislorod yetishmovchiligiga qarshi ravishda chuqur va tez-tez nafas olish

to counteract the lack of oxygen.

kabi javob reaksiyasini keltirib chiqaradi.

Your heart rate also increases

Yurak urishingiz ham tezlashadi

and your heart contracts more tightly to pump additional blood with each beat,

va yuragingiz ko’proq qon bilan ta’minlash uchun qattiqroq va tezroq ura boshlaydi

quickly moving oxygenated blood around your body.

va kislorodga to’yingan qonni tana bo’ylab tezroq aylantiradi.

All these changes happen relatively fast, and if you were to keep ascending,

Ushbu o’zgarishlar nisbatan tez sodir bo’ladi va siz yuqorilashda davom etsangiz

your heart rate and breathing would speed up accordingly.

yurak urishingiz va nafas olishingiz ham tezlasha boshlaydi.

But if you stayed at this altitude for several weeks,

Agar siz bunday balandlikda bir necha hafta qolsangiz,

you could reap the benefits of some longer-term adaptations.

ba’zi uzoq muddatli moslashuvlardan foyda olishingiz mumkin.

Within the first few days above 1,500 meters,

1500 metrdan balandlikdagi bir necha kun ichida

the volume of plasma in your blood decreases,

qondagi plazma hajmi kamayadi

which increases the concentration of hemoglobin.

va bu gemoglobin konsentratsiyasini oshiradi.

Over the next two weeks, your hemoglobin levels will continue to rise,

Keyingi ikki hafta davomida sizdagi gemoglobin miqdori oshishda davom etadi,

allowing your blood to carry even more oxygen per milliliter.

bu esa qoningizda har millilitrda yanada ko’proq kislorod tashish imkonini beradi.

Paired with your high heart rate,

Yuqori yurak urush tezligi bilan birga

this new hemoglobin-rich blood efficiently distributes oxygen throughout your body.

ushbu gemoglobinga to’yingan qon samarali tarzda kislorodni tana bo’ylab tarqatadi.

So much so that the volume of blood being pumped with each heartbeat

Har bir yurak urishi orqali chiqayotgan qon miqdori shunchalik hajmdaki,

can return to normal levels.

shu orqali normal miqdorga qaytish mumkin.

Over this same time, your breathing also increases even further

Ushbu vaqt davomida nafas olishingiz ham ventilyatsiya moslashuvi

in a process called ventilatory acclimatization.

deb atalgan jarayonda yanada ortadi.

After this several weeks of extended acclimatization,

Ushbu kengaytirilgan moslashuvdan bir necha hafta o’tib,

your body has made enough significant changes to climb even higher.

sizning tanangiz yanada tepaga chiqish uchun yetarli darajada o’zgaradi.

However, you’ll still have to spend additional time acclimating along the way,

Ammo, siz yo’l davomida qo’shimcha tarzda moslashib borishingiz kerak bo’ladi,

often climbing back down to recover before ascending even higher.

bu ko’pincha yanada tepaga chiqish uchun pastga qaytib tushishni talab qiladi.

Because the summit of Everest isn't just high,

Chunki Everest cho’qqisi shunchaki baland emas,

it’s the highest place on Earth.

balki Yerdagi eng baland nuqtadir.

And at altitudes above 3,500 meters, our bodies are under incredible stress.

3500 metrdan balandda bizning tanamiz juda yuqori bosim ostida bo’ladi.

Arteries and veins in the brain dilate to speed up blood flow,

Miyadagi arteriyalar va venalar qon oqimini tezlashtirish uchun kengayadi.

But our smallest blood vessels, called capillaries,

Biroq bizning kapillyar deb ataluvchi eng kichik

remain the same size.

qon tomirlarimiz o’zgarmay qoladi.

This increased pressure can cause blood vessels to leak,

Bunday yuqori bosim qon tomirlardan suyuqlikning oqishiga

and fluid to build up in the brain.

va miyada uyulib qolishiga saba bo’ladi.

A similar issue can occur in the lungs,

Shunday muammo o’pkada ham kelib chiqishi mumkin.

where low oxygen causes blood vessels to constrict,

Bunda kam kislorod qon tomirlarning qisqarishiga olib keladi,

leading to more leaking vessels and fluid buildup.

bundan esa suyuqlik tomirlardan yanada ko’proq oqadi va uyulin qoladi.

These two conditions— known as HACE and HAPE, respectively—

Ushbu ikki holat, mos ravishda HACE va HAPE,

are incredibly rare,

juda kam hollarda uchraydi

but can be life-threatening if not dealt with quickly.

ammo tezroq chora ko’rilmasa hayotga xavf tug’dirishi mumkin.

Some Tibetans and South Americans with family histories

Ba’zi Tibetlik va Janubiy Amerikalik asrlar davomida

of living at high altitude

balandliklarda yashovchi oilalarning

have genetic advantages that can prevent minor altitude sickness,

genlarida balandlik bilan bog’liq kasalliklarni oldini olish imkoni bor,

but even they aren’t immune to these severe conditions.

ammo ular ham bunday xavfni yengish uchun yetarli emas.

Yet despite these risks, climbers over the last century

Shunday xatarlarga qaramasdan, asrlar davomida alpinistlar

have proved people can go higher than scientists ever thought possible.

insonlar olimlar o’ylaganidan ham ko’ra balandga chiqishi mumkinligini isbotladi.

Pushing past their body’s limitations,

O’z tanasining cheklovlarini chetlab o’tib,

these climbers have redefined what humanity can adapt to.

alpinistlar odamlar nimalarga moslashishi mumkinligini qaytadan belgilab berdi.