Insults by Shakespeare

Translator: Bedirhan Cinar

Prevodilac: Marija Kojić Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Why do we cringe when we hear "Shakespeare?"

Zašto jadikujemo kada čujemo - „Šekspir“?

If you ask me, it's usually because of his words.

Ako mene pitate,

to je najčešće zbog njegovih reči.

All those thines and thous and therefores

Svi ti „tvoj“, „ti“ i „stoga“

i „zašto si ti?“ mogu da budu više nego pomalo dosadni.

and wherefore-art-thous can be more than a little annoying.

But you have to wonder, why is he so popular?

Ipak, morate da se zapitate - zašto je on tako popularan?

Why have his plays been made and remade more than any other playwright?

Zašto su njegove drame iznova obrađivane

više nego drame ijednog drugog dramaturga?

It's because of his words.

To je zbog njegovih reči.

Back in the late 1500s and early 1600s,

Tamo u kasnom 15. veku i ranom 16. veku,

that was the best tool that a person had,

reči su bile najbolji alat koji je osoba mogla da ima,

and there was a lot to talk about.

i bilo je mnogo tema za razgovor.

However, most of it was pretty depressing.

Ipak, većina je bila prilično depresivna.

You know, with the Black Plague and all.

Znate, uz Crnu kugu i sve to.

Shakespeare does use a lot of words.

Šekspir stvarno koristi mnogo reči.

One of his most impressive accomplishments is his use of insults.

Jedno od njegovih najvećih dostignuća je njegova upotreba uvreda.

They would unify the entire audience;

One bi ujedinile celu publiku;

and no matter where you sat, you could laugh at what was going on onstage.

i bez obzira na to gde ste sedeli

mogli ste da se smejete onome što se dešavalo na sceni.

Words, specifically dialogue in a drama setting,

Reči, posebno dijalog u postavci drame,

are used for many different reasons:

koriste se iz mnogo različitih razloga:

to set the mood of the scene,

da podese raspoloženje na sceni,

to give some more atmosphere to the setting,

da obezbede više atmosfere postavci,

and to develop relationships between characters.

i da razviju odnose između likova.

Insults do this in a very short and sharp way.

Uvrede ovo postižu na veoma kratak i oštar način.

Let's first go to "Hamlet."

Hajde prvo da se posvetimo „Hamletu“.

Right before this dialogue,

Baš pre ovog dijaloga,

Polonius is the father of Ophelia, who is in love with Prince Hamlet.

Polonije je otac Ofelije, koja je zaljubljena u kraljevića Hamleta.

King Claudius is trying to figure out why Prince Hamlet is acting so crazy

Kralj Klaudije pokušava da odgonetne zašto se kraljević Hamlet ponaša tako ludo

since the king married Prince Hamlet's mother.

otkako se kralj oženio Hamletovom majkom.

Polonius offers to use his daughter to get information from Prince Hamlet.

Polonije nudi da njegova ćerka izvuče informacije od Hamleta.

Onda dolazimo do scene druge, drugog čina.

Then we go into Act II Scene 2.

Polonius: "Do you know me, my lord?"

Polonije: „Poznajete li me, gospodaru?“

Hamlet: "Excellent well. You're a fishmonger."

Hamlet: „Vrlo dobro; vi ste snabdevač ribom.“

Polonius: "Not I, my lord."

Polonije: „Nisam, gospodaru.“

Hamlet: "Then I would you were so honest a man."

Hamlet: „Onda bih voleo da ste tako pošten čovek.”

Now, even if you did not know what "fishmonger" meant,

Čak i ako niste znali šta se podrazumeva pod „snabdevačem ribom“,

you can use some contextual clues.

možete koristiti neke tragove iz konteksta.

One: Polonius reacted in a negative way, so it must be bad.

Prvo: Polonije je reagovao negativno, znači mora da je nešto loše.

Drugo: Ribe smrde, znači mora da je nešto loše.

Two: Fish smell bad, so it must be bad.

And three: "monger" just doesn't sound like a good word.

I treće: „snabdevač“ jednostavno ne zvuči kao dobra reč.

So from not even knowing the meaning,

Dakle, čak i ako ne znate značenje,

you're beginning to construct some characterization

počinjete da shvatate karakterizaciju

of the relationship between Hamlet and Polonius,

odnosa između Hamleta i Polonija,

which was not good.

koji nije bio dobar.

But if you dig some more, "fishmonger" means a broker of some type,

Ako temeljnije istražite -

„snabdevač ribom“ se odnosi na neku vrstu trgovačkog posrednika,

and in this setting, would mean like a pimp,

u ovom okviru, odnosilo bi se na nešto slično „svodniku”,

like Polonius is brokering out his daughter for money,

kao da Polonije prodaje svoju ćerku za novac,

which he is doing for the king's favor.

što i čini, za kraljevu milost.

This allows you to see that Hamlet is not as crazy as he's claiming to be,

Ovo nam dozvoljava da vidimo da Hamlet nije tako lud kao što se pravi,

and intensifies the animosity between these two characters.

i pojačava neprijateljstvo između ova dva lika.

Want another example?

Želite li još jedan primer?

"Romeo and Juliet" has some of the best insults of any of Shakespeare's plays.

„Romeo i Julija“

sadrži neke od najboljih uvreda u Šekspirovim dramama.

It's a play about two gangs,

To je drama o dva klana,

and the star-crossed lovers that take their own lives.

i nesrećnim ljubavnicima koji oduzmu svoje živote.

Well, with any fisticuffs

Pa, kao i sa svakim pesničenjem,

you know that there is some serious smack talk going on.

znate da ima ozbiljnog vređanja.

And you are not disappointed.

I niste razočarani.

In Act I Scene 1, right from the get-go

Još u prvoj sceni, prvog čina, odmah na početku,

we are shown the level of distrust and hatred

prikazan nam je nivo nepoverenja i mržnje

the members of the two families, the Capulets and Montagues, meet.

između članova dve porodice, Kapuletijevih i Montekijevih.

Gregory: "I will frown as I pass by, and let them take it as they list."

Gregorio: „Namrštiću se kada prođem pored njih,

pa neka shvate kako im je volja.“

Sampson: "Nay, as they dare, I will bite my thumb at them,

Samson: „Ne, već kako smeju. Ja ću im pokazati šipak;

which is a disgrace to them, if they bear it."

i to će, ako otrpe, biti sramota za njih.“

Enter Abraham and Balthasar.

Dolaze Avram i Baltazar.

Abraham: "Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?"

Avram: „Pokazujete li vi nama šipak, gospodine?“

Sampson: "I do bite my thumb, sir."

Samson: „Ja zaista pokazujem šipak, gospodine.“

Abraham: "Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?"

Avram: „Pokazujete li vi nama šipak, gospodine?“

Okay, so how does this development help us understand mood or character?

Dobro, kako ovaj razvoj događaja pomaže da razumemo raspoloženje i likove?

Well, let's break it down to the insult.

Pa, hajde da analiziramo uvrede.

Biting your thumb today may not seem like a big deal,

Pokazati šipak se možda ne čini nešto bitnim u današnje vreme,

but Sampson says it is an insult to them.

ali Samson kaže da je to uvreda za njih.

If they take it so, it must have been one.

Ako je tako primaju, mora biti da jeste bila uvreda.

This begins to show us the level of animosity

Ovo počinje da nam pokazuje nivo neprijateljstva

between even the men who work for the two Houses.

čak i između ljudi koji rade za ove dve kuće.

And you normally would not do anything to someone

I obično ne biste nešto nekome uradili

unless you wanted to provoke them into a fight,

osim ako ne želite da ih isprovocirate na borbu,

which is exactly what's about to happen.

što je upravo ono što će se desiti.

Looking deeper, biting your thumb in the time in which the play was written

Kad bolje razmislimo, pokazati šipak u vreme kada je ova drama napisana

is like giving someone the finger today.

je bilo kao danas pokazati nekome srednji prst.

Prilično jaka osećanja idu uz to,

A pretty strong feeling comes with that,

stoga počinjemo da osećamo tenziju ove scene.

so we now are beginning to feel the tension in the scene.

Later on in the scene, Tybalt, from the House of the Capulets,

Kasnije na sceni, Tibalt, iz kuće Kapuletijevih,

lays a good one on Benvolio from the House of the Montagues.

upućuje jednu dobru uvredu Benvoliu, iz kuće Montekijevih.

Tybalt: "What, art thou drawn among these heartless hinds?

Tibalt: „Šta, mačuješ se sa plašljivim slugama?

Turn thee, Benvolio, and look upon thy death."

Okreni se, Benvolio, i vidi svoju smrt.“

Benvolio: "I do but keep the peace; put up thy sword,

Benvolio: „Ja samo održavam mir.

Vrati mač

or manage it to part these men with me."

ili ga upotrebi sad, da zajedno ove ljude razvadimo.“

Tybalt: "What, drawn and talk of peace!

Tibalt: „Zamahuješ mačem, a pričaš o miru!

I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee.

Mrzim tu reč kao što mrzim pakao, Montekijeve, i tebe.

Have at thee, coward!"

Drž' se, kukavico!“

Okay, heartless hinds.

U redu, „plašljive sluge“.

We know that once again, it's not a good thing.

Ponovo, znamo da to nije dobra stvar.

Both families hate each other, and this is just adding fuel to the fire.

Obe porodice se mrze, a ovo samo doliva ulje na vatru.

But just how bad is this stinger?

Koliko je tačno loš ovaj ubod?

A heartless hind is a coward,

„Plašljivi sluga“ je kukavica, i nazvati

and calling someone that in front of his own men, and the rival family,

nekoga tako pred njegovim ljudima

i suparničkom porodicom,

means there's going to be a fight.

znači da će biti borbe.

Tybalt basically calls out Benvolio,

Tibalt u suštini izaziva Benvolia,

and in order to keep his honor, Benvolio has to fight.

i, da bi sačuvao svoju čast, Benvolio mora da se bori.

This dialogue gives us a good look

Ovaj dijalog nam pruža uvid

u karakterizaciju ova dva lika.

at the characterization between these two characters.

Tybalt thinks that the Montagues are nothing but cowardly dogs,

Tibalt misli o Montekijevima da nisu ništa više od kukavičkih pasa,

and has no respect for them.

i nimalo ih ne poštuje.

Once again, adding dramatic tension to the scene.

Ponovo, doprinoseći dramatičnoj tenziji ove scene.

Okay, now here's a spoiler alert.

U redu, ovde sledi upozorenje za one koji nisu čitali.

Tybalt's hotheadedness and severe hatred of the Montagues

Tibaltova vrela krv i jaka mržnja prema Montekijevima

is what we literature people call his hamartia,

je ono što mi ljudi književnosti zovemo njegovom „tragičnom manom“,

or what causes his downfall.

ili onim što izaziva njegovu propast.

Oh, yes.

O, da.

He goes down at the hands of Romeo.

On nastrada od Romeove ruke.

So when you're looking at Shakespeare, stop and look at the words,

Dakle, kada čitate Šekspira, stanite i pogledajte reči,

because they really are trying to tell you something.

jer one stvarno pokušavaju nešto da vam kažu.