Why should you read "Macbeth"? - Brendan Pelsue

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

There's a play so powerful that an old superstition says

Postoji drama toliko moćna da staro sujeverje kaže

its name should never even be uttered in a theater,

kako njen naslov ne bi nikada trebalo da se izgovori u pozorištu,

a play that begins with witchcraft and ends with a bloody severed head,

drama koja počinje veštičarenjem, a završava se krvavim, odsečenim glavama,

a play filled with riddles, prophesies, nightmare visions,

drama ispunjena zagonetkama, proročanstvima, košmarnim vizijama

and lots of brutal murder,

i obiljem brutalnih ubistava,

a play by William Shakespeare sometimes referred to as the "Scottish Play"

drama Vilijama Šekspira koju ponekad nazivaju "Škotskom dramom"

or the "Tragedy of Macbeth."

ili "Tragedijom Magbet".

First performed at the Globe Theater in London in 1606,

Prvi put izvedena u pozorištu Glob u Londonu 1606,

"Macbeth" is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy.

"Magbet" je Šekspirova najkraća tragedija.

It is also one of his most action-packed.

Takođe je jedna od njegovih drama s najgušćom radnjom.

In five acts, he recounts a story of a Scottish nobleman

U pet činova priča priču o škotskom plemiću

who steals the throne,

koji krade presto,

presides over a reign of terror,

predsedava vladavinom užasa,

and then meets a bloody end.

a potom susreće krvavi kraj.

Along the way, it asks important questions about ambition,

Usput, postavlja nam važna pitanja o ambiciji,

power,

moći

and violence

i nasilju

that spoke directly to the politics of Shakespeare's time

koja su se direktno odnosila na politiku Šekspirovog vremena

and continue to echo in our own.

i koja nastavljaju da odjekuju u našem.

England in the early 17th century was politically precarious.

Engleska s početka XVII veka je bila politički nesigurna.

Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603 without producing an heir,

Kraljica Elizabeta I je umrla 1603, ne ostavivši naslednika,

and in a surprise move,

a iznenađujućim potezom,

her advisors passed the crown to James Stewart, King of Scotland.

njeni savetnici su krunu predali Džejmsu Stjuartu, kralju Škotske.

Two years later, James was subject to an assassination attempt

Dve godine kasnije, Džejms je bio meta pokušaja atentata

called the Gunpowder Plot.

koji je nazvan Barutna zavera.

Questions of what made for a legitimate king

Pitanja šta znači biti zakoniti kralj

were on everyone's lips.

su bila na svačijim usnama.

So Shakespeare must have known he had potent material

Dakle, Šekspir mora da je znao kako ima plodonosan materijal

when he conflated and adapted the stories

dok je sakupljao i adaptirao priče

of a murderous 11th century Scottish King named Macbeth

o škotskom smrtonosnom kralju iz XI veka, po imenu Magbet,

and those of several other Scottish nobles.

kao i priče o nekoliko drugih škotskih plemića.

He found their annals in Hollinshed's "Chronicles,"

Njihove anale je pronašao u Holinšedovim "Hronikama",

a popular 16th century history of Britain and Ireland.

popularnoj istoriji Britanije i Irske iz XVI veka.

Shakespeare would also have known he needed to tell his story

Šekspir je takođe znao da mora da ispriča svoju priču

in a way that would immediately grab the attention

tako da ona odmah hvata pažnju

of his diverse and rowdy audience.

njegove raznovrsne i glasne publike.

The Globe welcomed all sections of society.

Glob je prihvatao sve slojeve društva.

Wealthier patrons watched the stage from covered balconies

Imućnije mecene su posmatrale scenu sa pokrivenih balkona,

while poorer people paid a penny to take in the show

dok su siromašniji ljudi plaćali peni da bi upijali predstavu

from an open-air section called the pit.

iz otvorenih odeljaka, nazvanih parter.

Talking, jeering, and cheering was common during performances.

Razgovor, ruganje i klicanje su bili uobičajeni tokom izvedbi.

There are even accounts of audiences throwing furniture when plays were flops.

Čak je bilo slučajeva da je publika bacala nameštaj kad bi predstave bile loše.

So "Macbeth" opens with a literal bang.

Te "Magbet" počinje bukvalno praskom.

Thunder cracks and three witches appear.

Grom se prolama i pojavljuju se tri veštice.

They announce they're searching

Obznanjuju da tragaju

for a Scottish nobleman and war hero named Macbeth,

za škotskim plemićem i ratnim herojem po imenu Magbet,

then fly off while chanting a curse that predicts a world gone mad.

potom odleću dok pevaju kletvu koja najavljuje da će svet poludeti.

"Fair is foul and foul is fair. Hover through the fog and filthy air."

"Lepo je ružno, ružno lepo. Pr'ni u mutljag magle čađavi i crni."

As seen later, they find Macbeth and his fellow nobleman Banquo.

Kasnije vidimo da pronalaze Magbeta i njegovog sabrata plemića Banka.

"All hail Macbeth," they prophesize, "that shalt be king hereafter!"

"Nek živi Magbet", prorokuju, "koji biće kralj u potonje!"

"King?" Macbeth wonders.

"Kralj?" čudi se Magbet.

Just what would he have to do to gain the crown?

Šta tačno mora da uradi da bi pridobio krunu?

Macbeth and his wife Lady Macbeth

Magbet i njegova supruga Ledi Magbet

soon chart a course of murder, lies, and betrayal.

uskoro ocrtavaju putanju ubistava, laži i izdaje.

In the ensuing bloodbath,

U krvoproliću koje sledi,

Shakespeare provides viewers with some of the most memorable passages

Šekspir pruža gledaocima neke od najnezaboravnijih pasusa

in English literature.

engleske književnosti.

"Out, damned spot! Out, I say!" Lady Macbeth cries when she believes

"Gubi se, prokleta mrljo! Gubi se kad kažem" vapi Ledi Magbet kad veruje

she can't wipe her victim's blood off her hands.

da ne može da obriše žrtvinu krv sa svojih ruku.

Her obsession with guilt is one of many themes that runs through the play,

Njena opsednutost krivicom je jedna od mnogih tema koje se provlače kroz dramu

along with the universal tendency to abuse power,

kao i univerzalna sklonost ka zloupotrebi moći,

the endless cycles of violence and betrayal,

beskrajni ciklusi nasilja i izdaje,

the defying political conflict.

istrajni politički konflikti.

As is typical with Shakespeare's language,

Kao što je tipično za Šekspirov jezik,

a number of phrases that got their start in the play

brojne fraze koje su debitovale u drami

have been repeated so many times that they now feel commonplace.

su toliko puta ponovljene da se danas čine svakidašnjim.

They include "the milk of human kindness,"

Uključuju "mleko ljudske dobrote",

"what's done is done,"

"šta je bilo, bilo je",

and the famous witches' spell,

i čuvena veštičja bajalica:

"Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and caldron bubble."

"Nek se tava prekuvava, ukrčkava, nabubrava."

But Shakespeare saves the juiciest bit of all for Macbeth himself.

Međutim, Šekspir najsočnije delove čuva za samog Magbeta.

Towards the end of the play, Macbeth reflects on the universality of death

Pri kraju drame, Magbet se osvrće na univerzalnost smrti

and the futility of life.

i uzaludnost života.

"Out, out, brief candle!" he laments.

"Utuli se, utuli se, kandilce!" nariče on.

"Life's but a walking shadow,

"Život je samo senka koja hoda,

a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage

kukavni glumac što na pozornici sat-dva se pući i razbacuje,

and then is heard no more.

a potom zuba ne obeli više.

It is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury

Bajka je to što tikvan priča nju, prepuna buke, pomame i besa,

signifying nothing."

a posve prazna."

Life may be a tale told my an idiot, but "Macbeth" is not.

Život možda jeste priča koju tikvan priča, ali "Magbet" to nije.

Shakespeare's language and characters have entered our cultural consciousness

Šekspirov jezik i likovi su ušli u našu kulturološku svest

to a rare extent.

kao retko koji.

Directors often use the story to shed light on abuses of power,

Reditelji često koriste ovu priču da osvetle zloupotrebe moći,

ranging from the American mafia

sežući od američke mafije

to dictators across the globe.

do diktatora širom planete.

The play has been adapted to film many times,

Drama je mnogo puta adaptirana na filmu,

including Akira Kurosawa's "Throne of Blood,"

uključujući "Krvavi presto" Akira Kurosave,

which takes place in feudal Japan,

koji se dešava u feudalnom Japanu

and a modernized version called "Scotland, PA,"

kao i modernizovanu verziju pod nazivom "Škotska, Pensilvanija",

in which Macbeth and his rivals

u kojem su Magbet i njegovi rivali

are managers of competing fast food restaurants.

menadžeri konkurentnih restorana brze hrane.

No matter the presentation,

Bez obzira na izvedbu,

questions of morality,

pitanja morala,

politics,

politike

and power are still relevant today,

i moći su i danas relevantna,

and so, it seems, is Shakespeare's "Macbeth."

a čini se da je tako i sa Šekspirovim "Magbetom".