Why should you read Virgil's "Aeneid"? - Mark Robinson

Zašto bi trebalo da čitate Vergilijevu "Enejidu"? - Mark Robinson

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

In 19 B.C., the Roman poet Virgil was traveling from Greece to Rome

Rimski pesnik Vergilije je 19. god. p.n.e. putovao iz Grčke u Rim

with the emperor Augustus.

sa carem Avgustom.

On the way, he stopped to go sightseeing in Megara, a town in Greece.

Usput se zaustavio radi razgledanja u Megari, gradu u Grčkoj.

Out in the sun for too long, he suffered heatstroke

Kako je dugo bio napolju na suncu doživeo je toplotni udar

and died on his journey back to Italy.

i umro, putujući nazad u Italiju.

On his deathbed,

Na smrtnoj postelji,

Virgil thought about the manuscript he had been working on for over ten years,

Vergilije se setio rukopisa, na kome je radio preko deset godina,

an epic poem that he called the "Aeneid."

epa koga je naslovio "Enejida".

Unsatisfied with the final edit, he asked his friends to burn it,

Nezadovoljan konačnom verzijom, zatražio je od prijatelja da je spale,

but they refused,

ali su oni odbili.

and soon after Virgil's death, Augustus ordered it to be published.

A nedugo nakon Vergilijeve smrti, Avgust je naredio da se rukopis objavi.

Why was Augustus so interested in saving Virgil's poem?

Zašto je Avgust bio toliko zainteresovan da sačuva Vergilijev ep?

The Romans had little tradition of writing serious literature

Rimska tradicija je oskudevala delima ozbiljne književnosti,

and Virgil wanted to create a poem

a Vergilije je želeo da stvori ep

to rival the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" of Ancient Greece.

koji bi parirao "Ilijadi" i "Odiseji" iz antičke Grčke.

The "Aeneid," a 9,896 line poem, spans twelve separate sections, or books,

"Enejida", ep od 9.896 stihova zauzima 12 različitih delova ili knjiga,

the first six of which mirror the structure of the "Odyssey"

od kojih prvih šest odražavaju strukturu "Odiseje",

and the last six echo the "Iliad."

a poslednjih šest podsećaju na "Ilijadu".

Also like the Greek epics,

Takođe, nalik grčkim epovima,

The "Aeneid" is written entirely in dactylic hexameter.

"Enejida" je u potpunosti napisana u daktilskom heksametru.

In this meter, each line has six syllable groups called feet

Kod ovog metra, svaki stih ima šest grupa slogova, koji se nazivaju stope,

made up of dactyls which go long, short, short,

a koje sačinjavaju daktili, u redosledu dugi, kratki, kratki,

and spondees which go long, long.

kao i spondeji, u redosledu dugi, dugi.

So the famous opening line in the original Latin starts,

Te čuveni prvi stih u originalu na latinskom počinje:

"Arma Virvmqve Cano,"

"Arma Virvmqve Cano",

which can be translated as "I sing of arms and the man,"

što može da se prevede kao: "Pevam o oružju i čoveku",

arms, meaning battles and warfare, another "Iliad" reference,

oružju u značenju bitaka i rata, još jedna referenca na "Ilijadu",

and the man being the hero Aeneas.

a čovek je heroj Enej.

To understand the "Aeneid,"

Kako bismo razumeli "Enejidu",

it's necessary to examine the unsettled nature of Roman politics

nužno je ispitati nestabilnu prirodu rimske politike

in the second half of the 1st century B.C.

u drugoj polovini prvog veka p.n.e.

In 49 B.C., Julius Caesar, Augustus's great uncle,

Godine 49, p.n.e., Julije Cezar, Avgustov praujak,

triggered nearly 20 years of civil war

pokrenuo je skoro 20-ogodišnji građanski rat

when he led his army against the Roman Republic.

kada je poveo svoju armiju protiv Rimske republike.

After introducing a dictatorship, he was assassinated.

Nakon što je uveo diktaturu, pogubljen je.

Only after Augustus's victory over Marc Antony and Cleopatra in 31 B.C.

Tek je nakon Avgustove pobede nad Markom Antonijem i Kleopatrom 31. p.n.e.

did peace return to Rome

Rim povratio mir,

and Augustus became the emperor.

a Avgust je postao car.

Virgil aimed to capture this sense of a new era

Vergilije je težio da obuhvati taj osećaj novog doba

and of the great sacrifices that the Romans had endured.

i velikog žrtvovanja koje su Rimljani istrpeli.

He wanted to give the Romans a fresh sense of their origins,

Želeo je da pruži Rimljanima svež smisao njihovog porekla,

their past,

njihove prošlosti,

and their potential.

kao i njihovog potencijala.

By connecting the founding of Rome

Povezujući osnivanje Rima

to the mythological stories that his audience knew so well,

sa mitološkim pričama koje je njegova publika tako dobro znala,

Virgil was able to link his hero Aeneas to the character of Augustus.

Vergilije je uspeo da poveže svog junaka Eneja sa likom Avgusta.

In the epic poem, Aeneas is on a quest to establish a new home for his people.

U epu, Enej je u pohodu da utvrdi novi dom za svoje ljude.

This duty, or pietas as the Romans called it,

Ova dužnost, to jest "pietas", kako su je nazivali Rimljani

faces all kinds of obstacles.

nailazi na razne prepreke.

Aeneas risks destruction in the ruins of Troy,

Enej rizikuje uništenje u ruševinama Troje,

agonizes over love when he meets the beautiful Queen of Carthage, Dido,

mori ga ljubav kad upozna prelepu kraljicu Kartagine, Dido,

and in one of the most vivid passages in all of ancient literature,

a u jednom od najživopisnijih delova u čitavoj antičkoj književnosti,

has to pass through the underworld.

mora da prođe kroz podzemni svet.

On top of all that, he must then fight to win a homeland for his people

Povrh svega toga, potom mora da se bori da osvoji domovinu za svoje ljude

around the future sight of Rome.

oko prostora budućeg Rima.

Virgil presents Aeneas as a sort of model for Augustus,

Vergilije predstavlja Eneja kao neku vrstu uzora za Avgusta,

and that's probably one of the reasons the emperor was so eager

a to je verovatno jedan od razloga zašto je car bio toliko željan

to save the poem from destruction.

da spasi ep od uništenja.

But Virgil didn't stop there.

Međutim, Vergilije se tu nije zaustavio.

In some sections, Aeneas even has visions of Rome's future and of Augustus himself.

U nekim delovima, Enej čak ima viziju budućnosti Rima i samog Avgusta.

Virgil presents Augustus as a victor, entering Rome in triumph

Vergilije predstavlja Avgusta kao pobednika koji trijumfalno ulazi u Rim

and shows him expanding the Roman Empire.

i prikazuje ga kako širi Rimsko carstvo.

Perhaps most importantly, he's hailed as only the third Roman leader in 700 years

Možda je navažnije to što ga slave tek kao trećeg rimskog vođu u 700 godina

to shut the doors of the Temple of Janus signifying the arrival of permanent peace.

koji je zatvorio vrata Janusovog hrama, označavajući dolazak trajnog mira.

But there's a twist.

Međutim, sledi preokret.

Virgil only read Augustus three selected extracts of the story

Vergilije je Avgustu čitao tri odabrana isečka priče,

and that was Augustus's entire exposure to it.

i to je sve čemu je Avgust bio izložen.

Some of the other sections could be seen as critical,

Neki drugi delovi mogu da se posmatraju kao kritika,

if not subtly subversive about the emperor's achievements.

ako ne i suptilna subverzija carevih dostignuća.

Aeneas, again a model for Augustus, struggles with his duty

Enej, dakle, uzor za Avgusta, muči se sa svojom dužnošću

and often seems a reluctant hero.

i često izgleda kao kolebljiv junak.

He doesn't always live up to the behavior expected of a good Roman leader.

Ne doseže uvek ideal ponašanja koji se očekivao od dobrog rimskog vođe.

He struggles to balance mercy and justice.

Muči sa da uravnoteži milost i pravednost.

By the end, the reader is left wondering about the future of Rome

Do kraja, čitaocu preostaje da razmišlja o budućnosti Rima

and the new government of Augustus.

i novoj Avgustovoj vladi.

Perhaps in wanting the story published,

Možda je želeći da objavi priču,

Augustus had been fooled by his own desire for self-promotion.

Avgust bio zavaran sopstvenom željom za samopromocijom.

As a result, Virgil's story has survived to ask questions

Kao rezultat toga, Vergilijeva priča je preživela da bi preispitivala

about the nature of power and authority ever since.

prirodu moći i autoriteta, nekada i sada.